a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the metabolism of a class of compounds called alkapton. He published The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: a Study in Chemical Individuality in 1902. Over the next decade he developed an understanding of the possible nature of inherited diseases of metabolism. He described the nature of recessive inheritance of most enzyme defects. In 1908, the core of this work was presented as the Croonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians, entitled Inborn Errors of Metabolism and published the following year. Garrod expanded his metabolic studies to cover cystinuria, pentosuria, and albinism. These three inborn errors, along with alkaptonuria are collectively called Garrod's tetrad. In 1923 he summarized these studies in an expanded edition of his best known work. Honours As it became clearer that he had pioneered a new field of medicine, Garrod was increasingly honored in England and abroad. He succeeded William Osler as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1910, was appointed to the Medical Research Council, and was made an honorary member of the American Association of Physicians, and of the Ärztlicher Verein in Munich. He received honorary degrees from the universities of Aberdeen, Dublin, Glasgow, Malta, and Padua. In 1935 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Society of Medicine. The Canadian Association of Centres for the Management of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases is commonly referred to as the Garrod Association to honor his contributions to the field of inborn errors of metabolism. Death He died at the Cambridge home of his daughter after a brief illness in 1936, and is buried in Highgate Cemetery, London. Publications The Nebulae: A Fragment of Astronomical History (Oxford, 1882) An Introduction to the Use of the Laryngoscope (1886) A Treatise on Rheumatism and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1890) A Handbook of Medical Pathology, for the Use of Students in the Museum of St Bartholomew's Hospital (1894), with Sir W.P. Herringham & W.J. Gow A Treatise on Cholelithiasis, Bernhard Naunyn, translated by Garrod (London, 1896) Clinical Diagnosis, Rudolf Von Jaksch, edited by Garrod (London, 5th ed., 1905) Inborn Errors of metabolism (1909), second edition 1923 Diseases of Children (1913), with F.E. Batten & Hugh Thursfield The Inborn Factors of Disease (1931) Quotation References Bibliography biography (An English archival website with a brief but more detailed biography) Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of Man, Alexander Gordon