Tancred of Hauteville, a noble of Coutances in Normandy arrived in southern Italy. The two joined in the organized attempt to wrest Apulia from the Byzantines, who had lost most of that province by 1040. Bari was captured by the Normans in April 1071, and Byzantine authority was finally terminated in Italy, five centuries after the conquests of Justinian I. In 1154-1156, through a plan hatched by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the Byzantines returned briefly to besiege Bari and were moderately successful in inciting a mass revolt which nearly toppled Norman control (potentially handing much of the former Katepanate back to the Byzantine Empire), but the gains were "reversed by misfortune". The title Catapan of Apulia and Campania was revived briefly in 1166 for Gilbert, Count of Gravina, the cousin of the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. In 1167, with his authority as catapan, Gilbert forced German troops out of the Campania and compelled Frederick Barbarossa to raise the siege of Ancona. Catepans 970–975 Michael Abidelas before 982 Romanos 982–985 Kalokyros Delphinas 985–988 Romanos 988–998 John Ammiropoulos 999–1006 Gregory Tarchaneiotes 1006–1008 Alexios Xiphias 1008–1010 John Kourkouas 1010–1016 Basil Mesardonites May 1017 – December 1017 Leo Tornikios Kontoleon December 1017 – 1027 Basil Boioannes c. 1027–1029 Christophoros Burgaris July 1029 – June 1032 Pothos Argyros 1032 – May 1033 Michael Protospatharios May 1033 – 1038 Constantine Opos 1038–1039 Michael Spondyles February 1039 – January 1040 Nikephoros Dokeianos November 1040 – Summer of 1041 Michael Dokeianos Summer 1041 – 1042 Exaugustus Boioannes February 1042 – April 1042 Synodianos April 1042 – September 1042 George Maniakes Autumn 1042 Pardos February 1043 – April 1043 Basil Theodorokanos Autumn 1045 – September 1046 Eustathios Palatinos September 1046 – December 1046 John Raphael 1050–1058 Argyrus 1060/1061 Marules 1062 Sirianus 1064–1068 Abulchares 1068 Perenos 1071 Stephen Pateranos References Sources Charanis, Peter. "On the Question of the Hellenization of Sicily and Southern Italy During the Middle Ages." The American Historical Review. Vol. 52, No. 1 (Oct., 1946), pp. 74–86. White, Lynn, Jr.. "The Byzantinization of Sicily." The American Historical Review. Vol. 42, No. 1 (Oct., 1936), pp. 1–21. See also Magna Graecia Grecìa Salentina Katepanikion Catepanate of Ras Provinces of the Byzantine Empire 11th century in Italy 10th century in Italy Italian states Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy