to direct than normal ones because the animators have to make as many designs for each act as they would for one normal episode. In the scene in which Joan gets torched by the English, Jean specifically ordered Anderson to "make sure she doesn't get burned", even though she was surrounded by flames. Jean explained in the commentary that, when Mike Scully was show runner for The Simpsons, Jean learned that "people do not wanna see changes in [the characters'] basic design" when the character gets hurt. He added that, because the viewer is "so attached to the characters, [the viewers] don't wanna see... especially Lisa, get hurt in any way." In order to make Homer's ghost in the third segment transparent, the animators had to "double expose" him; Homer's cels were first shot normally and then with a diminished opacity. In the first segment, clouds can be seen moving behind Zeus. The clouds were animated by airbrushing the cels and then moving them slowly in order to make it "look heavenly". Cultural references Each segment is based on and include references to historical stories; "D'oh Brother, Where Art Thou" takes its story from the ancient Greek epic poem the Odyssey, while taking its name from the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? (also based on the Odyssey), "Hot Child in the City" is based on the life and legend of Saint Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl who, as a teenager, led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War. "Do the Bard, Man" spoofs William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, The song that the sirens are singing in the first segment is a parody on the 1978 disco song "Copacabana" by Barry Manilow. In order to return to Ithaca, Homer crosses the river Styx, in which the dead can be seen dancing "Lady" by the band Styx. In the second segment, the captain resembling Chief Wiggum is initially leading the French army. The soldier resembling Lou points out that the captain "keeps switching back from French and English." The scene satirizes films like Doctor Zhivago in which the Russians speak with a British accent even though they are in Russia. At the end of the act, Marge can be seen eating the page which shows Joan's demise and, say "Well, it's easier to chew than that Bambi video." The scene is a reference to a