harbour at Port Elliot. It was later extended to a safer harbour at Victor Harbor. This line was used to move freight between the shallow-draft vessels navigating the Murray, and coastal and ocean-going vessels, without either having to traverse the narrow and shallow mouth of the river with unpredictable currents. The first of the Railways in Adelaide was built in 1856 between the city and the port. The Adelaide railways were all built as broad gauge of . Gradually, a network of lines spread out from Adelaide. These were initially built to carry ore, particularly copper, then later freight from the Murray River, and grain from the broadacre lands. In the first half of the 20th century, most of these lines carried passengers as well as freight. The main line to Melbourne was opened after a bridge was built at Murray Bridge in 1886. It was the first railway line between colony capitals to not have a break-of-gauge. It was also the last of these to be converted to standard gauge in 1995. Timeline 1854: Horsedrawn tram from Goolwa to Port Elliot 1856: First broad gauge line () from Adelaide to Port Adelaide opens 1857: Adelaide–Gawler opened 1860: Gawler line extended through Roseworthy to Kapunda 1862: Private broad gauge horse-drawn tramway between Wallaroo and Kadina 1864: Horsedrawn tram extended to Victor Harbor 1866: Wallaroo line extended to Moonta 1869: First narrow gauge line () opens from Port Wakefield through Balaklava to Hoyleton – isolated from broad gauge system. Originally horse-drawn railway 1870: Roseworthy junction created, with line through Hamley Bridge and Riverton to Burra, South Australia 1876: Narrow gauge line from Kingston SE to Naracoorte 1876: Port Broughton railway line between Port Broughton and Mundoora 1877: Wallaroo lines acquired by South Australian Railways 1878: Port Wakefield to Kadina narrow gauge opened and continued to Wallaroo adjacent to the broad gauge line. 1878: Narrow gauge branch from Balaklava to Hamley Bridge, creating the state's first break of gauge 1878: Kapunda line extended to the Murray River at Morgan 1879: Kadina junction to Snowtown opened 1879: Narrow gauge between Beachport, Millicent and Mount Gambier 1879: Narrow gauge line from Port Augusta reaches Quorn. 1880: Broad gauge lines reach Terowie and Gladstone 1881–1882: Narrow gauge built from Peterborough south to Terowie and north through Orroroo to Quorn 1883: South Line reaches Nairne through the Adelaide Hills 1883: Great Northern Line extended from Quorn