The Irreconcilables were bitter opponents of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States in 1919. Specifically, the term refers to about 12 to 18 United States Senators, both Republicans and Democrats, who fought intensely to defeat the ratification of the treaty by the Senate in 1919. They succeeded, and the United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles and never joined the League of Nations. History The Republican Party controlled the United States Senate after the election of 1918, but the Senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question. It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty. One block of Democrats strongly supported the Versailles Treaty. A second group of Democrats supported the Treaty but followed President Woodrow Wilson in opposing any amendments or reservations. The largest block, led by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, comprised a majority of the Republicans. They wanted a treaty with reservations, especially on Article 10, which involved the power of the League of Nations to make war without a vote by the United States Congress. The closest the Treaty came to passage, came in mid-November 1919, was when Lodge and his Republicans formed a coalition with the pro-Treaty Democrats, and were close to a two-thirds majority for a Treaty with reservations, but Wilson rejected this compromise and enough Democrats followed his lead to permanently end the chances for ratification. Members Those who have been identified as members of the faction include: George W. Norris of Nebraska William Borah of Idaho Robert La Follette of Wisconsin Hiram Johnson of California James A. Reed of Missouri Thomas Gore of Oklahoma David I. Walsh of Massachusetts Frank B. Brandegee of Connecticut Albert B. Fall of New Mexico Philander C. Knox of Pennsylvania Lawrence Yates Sherman of Illinois George H. Moses of New Hampshire Asle J. Gronna of North Dakota Joseph I. France of Maryland Bert M. Fernald of Maine Medill McCormick of Illinois Charles S. Thomas of Colorado Miles Poindexter of Washington With the exception of Reed, Walsh, and Gore, all of the Irreconcilables were Republicans. McCormick's position can be traced to his Anglophobia and nationalistic attitudes, Sherman's to personal antipathy to President Woodrow Wilson and his domestic policies. Indeed, all of the Irreconcilables were bitter enemies of President Wilson, and he launched a nationwide speaking tour in the summer