controlled to both the body and head (in dan divisions). Most Tang Soo Do practitioners feel that contact in sparring is essential to understanding proper technique and necessary for developing mental preparedness and a level of relaxation critical to focused performance in stressful situations. Unnecessarily or disrespectfully harming an opponent in Tang Soo Do sparring is not tolerated. Health and longevity of practitioners are the major goals of Tang Soo Do practice. Consequently, serious injuries are counterproductive because they retard a level of physical training that is needed to foster emotional and intellectual growth. However, minor injuries, such as bumps, bruises and the occasional loss of wind may be invaluable experiences. Each match should begin and end with respect, compassion and a deep appreciation for the opponent. Though Tang Soo Do sparring is competitive, traditional competitions are more of an exercise, or way of developing the self, than they are a competitive and game-like forum. Introspection and personal growth are fostered through free sparring. Terminology and Korean commands In Tang Soo Do, as in Taekwondo, commands and terminology to students are often given in Korean. However, beginning in 1955, and again in 1973, with the formation of the WTF, Taekwondo became centrally governed and Taekwondo terminology was revised favoring Korean terminology. Tang Soo Do commands pre-date these revisions and many are based on Sino-Korean words. In popular media Chuck Norris is one of the most famous practitioners of the martial art. In the Karate Kid franchise, Tang Soo Do serves the basis for the fictional Karate derative called Cobra Kai, practiced by the villanous Cobra Kai Dojo founded by John Kreese. In particular Johnny Lawrence, a central antagonist of the 1984 film and one of the central protagonists of the sequel series Cobra Kai is one of the most well-known fictional practitioners of the art. In both appearances, Johnny Lawrence is played by William Zabka, who was trained by Pat E. Johnson for the 1984 movie. Notable practitioners Won-kuk Lee (founder Chung Do Kwan) Hwang Kee (founder Moo Duk Kwan) Hwang Hyun-chul Shin Jae-chul Peter Young Yil Choo (one of the founders of Kajukenbo) Dale Drouillard Chuck Norris Johnny Gyro Aaron Norris Pat E. Johnson Robert Wall Steve McQueen Danny Bonaduce Michael Jai White Cynthia Rothrock William Zabka Robert Cheezic Jhoon Goo Rhee Sun Hwan Chung Kim Ki Whang Kyung Sun Shin Dennis Alexio Bruce Buffer Curtis Bush Hwang Jang-lee