into higher-ranking regional government positions. In 1712, Sukjong's government worked with the Qing Dynasty in China to define national borders between the two countries at the Yalu and Tumen Rivers. The Japanese government recognized Ulleung Island as Joseon's territory in 1696 (the South Korean government insists that Liancourt Rocks was also recognized, while the Japanese government disagrees). Sukjong's reign also saw agricultural development in remote provinces and increased cultural activity including publishing. He died after reigning for 46 years in 1720 at age 60. He was buried in Myeongneung (명릉) in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, inside the Five Western Royal Graves (서오릉, 西五陵; Seooneung). Family Father: King Hyeonjong of Joseon (14 March 1641 – 17 September 1674) (조선 현종) Grandfather: King Hyojong of Joseon (3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659) (조선 효종) Grandmother: Queen Inseon of the Deoksu Jang clan (9 February 1619 – 19 March 1674) (인선왕후 장씨) Mother: Queen Myeongseong of the Cheongpung Kim clan (13 June 1642 – 21 January 1684) (명성왕후 김씨) Grandfather: Kim Woo-myeong (1619–1675) (김우명) Grandmother: Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (1621–1660) (은진 송씨) Consorts and their Respective Issue: Queen Ingyeong of the Gwangsan Kim clan (25 October 1661 – 16 December 1680) (인경왕후 김씨) First daughter (27 April 1677 – 13 March 1678) Second daughter (23 October 1679 – 24 October 1679) Unnamed child (22 July 1680); miscarriage Queen Inhyeon of the Yeoheung Min clan (15 May 1667 – 16 September 1701) (인현왕후 민씨) – No issue. Queen Inwon of the Gyeongju Kim clan (3 November 1687 – 13 May 1757) (인원왕후 김씨) – No issue. Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (Queen Bu-ok — between May 1688 – 1694, deposed) (3 November 1659 – 9 November 1701) (희빈 장씨) Crown Prince Yi Yun (20 November 1688 – 11 October 1724) (이윤), first son Prince Seongsu (1690 – 1690) (성수), second son Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan (17 December 1670 – 9 April 1718) (숙빈 최씨) Prince Yeongsu (1693 – 1693) (영수군), third son Yi Geum, Prince Yeoning (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776) (이금 연잉군), fourth son Fifth son (1698 – 1698) Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Miryang Park clan (? – 1703) (명빈 박씨) Yi Hwon, Prince Yeollyeong (13 June 1699 – 2 October 1719) (이훤 연령군), sixth son Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Andong Kim clan (1669–1735) (영빈