well as plundering royal tombs, Ahmose complaining that "pyramids have been torn down". Rulers Known rulers of the 15th Dynasty are as follows: The 15th Dynasty of Egypt was the first Hyksos dynasty, ruling from Avaris, without control of the entire land. The Hyksos preferred to stay in northern Egypt since they infiltrated from the north-east. The names and order of kings is uncertain. The Turin King list indicates that there were six Hyksos kings, with an obscure Khamudi listed as the final king of the 15th Dynasty. Number of kings named Apepi Some scholars argue there were two Apophis kings named Apepi, but this is primarily because there are two known prenomens for this king: Awoserre and Aqenenre. However, the Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt maintains in his study of the Second Intermediate Period that these prenomens all refer to one man: Apepi I, who ruled Egypt for 40+X years. This is also supported by this king's employment of a third prenomen during his reign: Nebkhepeshre. Apophis likely employed different prenomens over the course of several periods of his reign. This scenario is not without precedent or parallel, since several kings, including Mentuhotep II, the famous Ramesses II, and Seti II, are known to have used two different prenomens during their reigns. References Bibliography Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c.1800-1550 B.C." by Museum Tuscalanum Press () External links States and territories established in the 17th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC Hyksos 15 17th century BC in Egypt 16th century BC in Egypt 17th-century BC establishments in Egypt 2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt 16th-century BC disestablishments 2nd millennium BC in Egypt