kepis historically worn by the particular branch or regiment. Line infantry caps for example had a dark blue base with a red top. In 1959 the was replaced by the beret for most units. In the modern French Army the is worn by the 1st Regiment of Spahis in the historic bright red of this branch and, since 2017, by the 1st Tirailleurs in light blue. The is also worn by the servicemen of the French Gendarmerie and the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), the riot units of the French National Police. Members of these units may have to change quickly from an ordinary headdress to a helmet, and an easily foldable cap is therefore practical. Norway In Norway, this is known as båtlue, literally boat cap and is used by the Royal Norwegian Air Force. The Royal Guards use a distinct variety commonly known as gardelue which is worn in garrison and while on leave. Portugal In Portuguese service, the side cap is known as barrete de bivaque (bivouac cap) and often referred simply as bivaque. Two basic models are in use by the armed forces, the security forces and the fire services of Portugal. The first model has a curved top line and is used by the Portuguese Air Force (all personnel, except members of Air Police), the Portuguese Navy (officers and sergeants), the Public Security Police (all personnel, except members of special units) and the fire services. The second model is a pointed cap and is used by the Portuguese Army (only personnel in training) and by the National Republican Guard (GNR). Russia/Soviet Union In the Soviet Union, the garrison cap was known as (, from "pilot"—the original cap was a part of the air force pilots' uniform in World War I). It was the most common type of cap used by the Red Army during the Second World War and after until the 1980s. The was worn during the summer season instead of the winter ushanka. It continues to be worn in modern Russia, although more in the Air Force and the Navy, especially among submarine personnel, where its compactness is inherently practical. In the Ground Forces the has been more or less displaced by the patrol cap and the beret as an undress headgear, although it remains in the regulations. Navy tropical uniform also features the peculiar visored , to protect its wearers from the