in 1750. This provoked riots during which the Ambans were killed. The rebellion was quelled under the authority of the 7th Dalai Lama. A Qing army entered Tibet and restored order afterwards. Removal of the Regents and establishment of the Kashag There are two main versions of how this occurred. The Chinese version is that: In 1751, the Qianlong Emperor (1711–1799; ruled 1737–1796) issued a 13-point decree which abolished the position of Regent (Desi), put the Tibetan government in the hands of a four-man Kashag, or Council of Ministers, and gave the ambans formal powers. The Dalai Lama moved back to Lhasa to preside (in name) over the new government. The Tibetan version has it that: In 1751, at the age of forty-three, Kelzang Gyatso constituted the "Kashag" or council of ministers to administer the Tibetan government and the abolished the post of Regent or Desi, as it placed too much power in one man's hand and the Dalai Lama became the spiritual and political leader of Tibet. "The 'king' or governor of Tibet was no longer appointed by the Chinese after 1750, and the Dalai Lama was tacitly recognized as sovereign of Tibet, with the exception of Kham and Amdo on the one hand and, on the other, Ladakh — which was at first under Moghul suzerainty before being annexed by Kashmir after the Dogra war (1834–1842)." In 1753, Kelzang Gyatso founded the Tse-School in the Potala Palace and built the new palace of Norling Kalsang Phodrang at the Norbulingka. "At the request of the Shabdung Rinpoche Jigmi Dagpa (Jigs med grabs pa, 1724–1761), spiritual and temporal ruler of Bhutan, Dalai Lama VII helped in the creation of a gold-and-copper monastery roof in Bhutan." Notes References Mayhew, Bradley; Kohn, Michael. Tibet, Lonely Planet Publications (2005). . Mullin, Glenn H. (translator), Essence of Refined Gold by the Third Dalai Lama: with related texts by the Second and Seventh Dalai Lamas, Tushita Books, Dharamsala, H.P., India (1978). Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico. . Norbu, Namkhai, "Bon and Bonpos", in: Tibetan Review (December 1980). Norbu, Thubten Jigme; Turnbull, Colin M., Tibet: An account of the history, the religion and the people of Tibet. Touchstone Books, New York (1968). . Richardson, Hugh E., Tibet and its History, Shambhala, Boston & London (1984). . Sheel, R.N. Rahul, "The Institution