occur in multiple ways: The rosette of the plant divides into two, eventually branching off to develop two separate rosettes. Plantlets will form in the axillary buds of old leaves around the primary rosettes, forming as many as 10 new rosettes. After a wildfire, when the plant has its main rosettes burned off, new ones will emerge from either the stem or the roots, forming a new plant within a single growing season. Rosettes emerge out of a long, horizontal root. This is commonplace when the plant has been decapitated on a cliff face, leaving only the long roots, which send out rosettes. Plants multiply via stoloniferous growth. Many Dudleya may send out stoloniferous rosettes, but they do not root. Only does the Laguna Beach Liveforever (Dudleya stolonifera) sprout roots out of stoloniferous plantlets, yet this can be difficult or impossible to induce in captivity. When the underground portion of the plant is lost to root rot, but the rosette and part of the caudex survive, the parts above the decayed roots can be removed cleanly, and planted provided they send out roots. Conversely, should the top of the rosette die but the lower stem still live, the deceased portion may be removed, a depression will remain in the caudex where the decayed rosette was removed, and at the edges new buds will sprout. Propagation via leaves. Only certain species, like those of the Hasseanthus subgenus and others like Dudleya parva, will root. Most Dudleya will not reproduce from leaves, with the leaves simply dying after being severed. Plant tissue culture methods are also available, and becoming more advanced. Currently, plant tissue culture is used for Dudleya propagation in commercial and conservation settings. Ethnobotany Kumeyaay and Paipai The indigenous peoples of the Kumeyaay and Paipai region utilized the genus for both medicinal and agricultural purposes. The tender, succulent leaves were chewed on to alleviate thirst, or used to treat calluses and corns. The budding inflorescences, in their early stages, were used as food, with a sweet flavor and juicy texture. The roots were pounded up and soaked in water, used as an astringent to "tighten the gums." The roots were also boiled whole as a decoction for asthma. Conservation Several species of Dudleya are threatened by urban development in Coastal California and Mexico, and anthropogenic-induced wildfires. However, one of the most critical threats to Dudleya species is poaching, partially caused