This is a list of Hungarian Jews. There has been a Jewish presence in today's Hungary since Roman times (bar a brief expulsion during the Black Death), long before the actual Hungarian nation. Jews fared particularly well under the Ottoman Empire, and after emancipation in 1867. At its height, the Jewish population of historical Hungary numbered more than 900,000, but the Holocaust and emigration, especially during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, has reduced that to around 100,000, most of whom live in Budapest and its suburbs. This is a list of anyone who could be reliably described as "Hungarian" and is of significant Jewish heritage (ethnic or religious). See List of Hungarian Americans for descendants of Hungarian émigrés born in America, a significant number of whom are of Jewish ancestry. The names are presented in the Western European convention of the given name preceding the family name, whereas in Hungary, the reverse is true, as in most Asian cultures. Historical figures Leó Frankel, one of the leaders of the Paris Commune Gyula Germanus, islamologist, (non-Jewish mother, Jewish father) Ignác Goldziher, islamologist Tivadar Herzl (Theodor Herzl), spiritual founder of Israel Béla Kun, de facto leader of Hungary for 4 months in 1919 (non-Jewish mother, Jewish father) Max Nordau, co-founder of the World Zionist Organization Tom Lantos György Lukács Trebitsch Lincoln, British adventurer Georges Politzer Joseph Pulitzer, newspaper publisher Sándor Radó (Alexander Radó) Switzerland-based Soviet master spy in World War II Mátyás Rákosi, de facto leader of Hungary, 1947–1956 Ervin Szabó director of the Budapest Public Library System, 1911–1918 Tibor Szamuely, politician Ármin Vámbéry, orientalist and traveler Vilmos Vázsonyi, first Jewish Justice minister of Hungary, 1917–1918 Athletes Boxing György Gedó, Olympic champion light flyweight Canoeing László Fábián, sprint canoer, Olympic champion (K-2 10,000 meter), 4x world champion (3x K-2 10,000 meter and 1x K-4 10,000 meter) and one silver (K-4 10,000 meter) Imre Farkas, sprint canoer, 2x Olympic bronze (C-2 1,000 and 10,000 meter) Klára Fried-Bánfalvi, sprint canoer, Olympic bronze (K-2 500 m), world champion (K-2 500 m) Anna Pfeffer, sprint canoer, Olympic 2x silver (K-2 500 m), bronze (K-1 500 m); world champion (K-2 500 m), silver (K-4 500 m), 2x bronze (K-2 500) Fencing Péter Bakonyi (born "Buchwald", 1938), saber, Olympic 3x bronze Ilona Elek (née "Schacherer"; 1907–1988), foil fencer; Olympic gold-medal winner, and world champion, both before and after World War II Dr. Dezső Földes (1880–1950), saber, 2x Olympic champion