"peaceful picketing" within the province; this motion was defeated. The SDPC ceased to exist in 1920. Queen was re-elected in 1922 as an "Independent Workers" candidate. He then joined the Independent Labour Party. When Fred Dixon resigned in 1923, Queen became the ILP's parliamentary leader. Canada's labour movement experienced several setbacks in the late 1920s, and the ILP was not an especially strong electoral force during Queen's time as leader. Only three party members were elected in 1927, all from Winnipeg—Queen, William Ivens and Seymour Farmer. The party fared slightly better in 1932, winning four seats in Winnipeg (electing Ivens, Farmer, Hyman and Queen) and electing Harold Lawrence in St. Boniface who beat out veteran Conservative MLA Joseph Bernier. The party made little headway beyond urban areas, however, and remained a relatively small opposition group to the Progressive government of John Bracken. Mayor After failed attempts in 1932 and 1933, Queen was elected mayor of Winnipeg in 1934 (defeating John McKerchar, the candidate of the city's business interests). Queen again pushed for progressive taxation, and spoke out against a proposed tax reduction for various businesses within the city. As mayor, he passed a tax reform bill that provided for a significant increase in the city's revenues. Queen served as mayor from 1935 to 1936, and again from 1937 to 1942. He did not endorse many explicitly socialist policies during his period in office, instead he favoured a general programme of civic improvement. Queen's housing reforms were upheld as a model for the rest of the nation. He held leading positions in the Canadian Federation of Mayors and Municipalities. Later political career Queen continued to serve in the provincial legislature during his tenure as mayor, though he turned over the leadership of the party to Seymour Farmer in 1935. Along with the rest of the ILP caucus, he became affiliated with the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in 1933. His defeat in the provincial election of 1941 seems to have been unexpected. Queen was also defeated when he ran for re-election as Winnipeg's mayor in 1942, He lost another bid in 1944. Opposition from Winnipeg's Communists was undoubtedly a contributing factor in both cases. He died at home in Winnipeg on July 15, 1946. Notes 1882 births 1946 deaths Scottish emigrants to Canada Mayors of Winnipeg Canadian socialists Independent Labour Party (Manitoba, 1920) MLAs Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation MLAs 20th-century Canadian politicians People