until now. Threats and conservation measures Winter ecology and conservation threats to the scaly-sided merganser were reported in 2012. Threats include sand mining, fishing, riparian vegetation destruction, habitat fragmentation, and water pollution. Recommended conservation measures include provision of artificial nest boxes, informing local residents of the merganser's status, fishing regulation, protection of critical habitat, controlling recreation on breeding rivers and the raising of domestic ducks in areas where the mergansers winter, management of hydrology in ways that protect and benefit the merganser, and annual population surveys at key breeding rivers. See also Crested shelduck, possibly extinct waterfowl from the same region References Fen-Qi, He; Melville, David; Xiao-Jie, Gui; Yuan-Hua, Hong & Zhi-Yong, Liu (2002): Status of the Scaly-sided Merganser Wintering in Mainland China in the 1990s. Waterbirds 25(4): 462–464. HTML abstract Zhengjie, Zhao & Zhengjie, Pao (1998): The foraging behaviour of the Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in the Changbai Mountains and Xiao Xingangling Mountains of China. Forktail 14: 76–77. PDF fulltext External links ARKive images and movies of the scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) BIrdLife species factsheet. Retrieved 2007-JUN-12. scaly-sided merganser Birds of Manchuria scaly-sided merganser Endangered Fauna of China