Northern District. Missouri The United States District Court for the District of Missouri was established on March 16, 1822, by . However, an act of Congress passed in 1845 and upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 1851, extending federal admiralty jurisdiction to inland waterways, resulted in a substantial increase in the number of admiralty cases arising from traffic on the Mississippi River. These disputes involved "contracts of affreightment, collisions, mariners' wages, and other causes of admiralty jurisdiction", and litigants of matters arising in the port city of St. Louis found it inconvenient to travel far inland to Jefferson City for their cases to be tried. The District was therefore subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1857, by . New Jersey The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, , on September 24, 1789. The District was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New Jersey and the United States District Court for the Western District of New Jersey on February 13, 1801, by the Judiciary Act of 1801, , with the judicial districts being headquartered in New Brunswick and Burlington, respectively. The repeal of the 1801 Act on March 8, 1802, by , restored New Jersey as a single judicial district. The only judge to serve on the briefly subdivided courts was Robert Morris, who had begun serving as a recess appointment to the District of New Jersey on August 28, 1790 and continued serving after the restoration of the single court, until June 2, 1815. New York The United States District Court for the District of New York was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, , on September 24, 1789. It existed for nearly twenty-five years before, on April 9, 1814, New York was divided into Northern and Southern Districts by . These Districts were later further subdivided with the creation of Eastern District on February 25, 1865 by , and the Western District on May 12, 1900, by . North Carolina The United States District Court for the District of North Carolina has a unique history among defunct district courts. It was established on June 4, 1790, by . On June 9, 1794 it was subdivided into three districts by , but on March