fish that live in these naturally created koa. There are several koa just offshore from Punaluu still used by local fishermen. Each koa is identified by the species of fish that live there, including yellowfin tuna (ahi) and mackerel (ono, or wahoo). Historically, Hawaiian families would feed the fish in the koa cooked taro and pumpkin and the fish, in return, would provide a constant source of protein. Development A golf course on both sides of the Belt Road was built here by C. Brewer & Co. from 1969 to 1972. A larger resort was proposed in 1986. After opposition, the plans were scaled back. The project was partially built but abandoned. In 2005, further development called "Sea Mountain" of about and up to 2000 residential units was proposed by a company based in Beverly Hills, California. An environmental impact statement was developed in 2006. Despite the involvement of Jean-Michel Cousteau, this development met local opposition. Popular culture In the 1960s, Japanese actor and guitarist Yūzō Kayama composed a surf rock tune called "Black Sand Beach". This song has since been played by Yūzō Kayama & Launchers, Takeshi Terauchi & Blue Jeans, The Ventures, & The Aquatudes. References External links Photo Essay on Punaluu Black Sand Beach Explore Punalu’u Black Sand Beach Beaches of Hawaii (island) Wetlands of Hawaii Landforms of Hawaii (island) Archaeological sites in Hawaii Black sand beaches