The Ford small-block (aka Windsor V8) is a series of 90° overhead valve small block V8 automobile engines manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from July 1961 to December 2000. Designed as a successor to the Ford Y-block engine, it was first installed in the 1962 model year Ford Fairlane and Mercury Meteor. Originally produced with a displacement of , it eventually increased to , but was most commonly sold (from 1968-2000) with a displacement of 302 cu in (later marketed as 5.0 L). This engine was installed in several of the company's most famous products, notably the Mustang, as well as the Mercury Cougar, Ford Torino, Ford Granada, Mercury Monarch, Ford LTD, Mercury Marquis, Ford Maverick and Ford F-150 pickup. For the 1991 model year, Ford began phasing in their new Modular V8 engine to replace the small-block, beginning with the Lincoln Town Car and continuing through the 1990s. The 2001 Explorer SUV was the last North American installation of the engine, and Ford Australia used it through 2002 in the Falcon and Fairlane. Although sometimes called the "Windsor" by enthusiasts, Ford never used that designation for the engine line as a whole; it was only adopted informally well into its run to distinguish the version from the "Cleveland" version of the 335-family engine that had the same displacement but a significantly different configuration. The designations for each were derived from the original locations of manufacture: Windsor, Ontario and Cleveland, Ohio. From 1962 through the 1990s these engines were marinized by various companies (255ci/4.2L excepted). The small block remains available for purchase from Ford Performance Parts as a crate engine. Overview The small-block engine was introduced in the 1962 Ford Fairlane and Mercury Meteor cars. Displacing , it was designed to save weight, using thin-wall casting with a block that does not extend below the centerline of the crankshaft. The engine uses a separate aluminum timing chain cover, which differentiates it from the later 335-series Cleveland engines that use an integrated timing cover. All Ford Small Block engines use two-valve-per-cylinder heads, with "2V" and "4V" designations indicating the number of barrels (or venturi) in the carburetor. The valves are in-line and use straight six-bolt valve covers. Coolant is routed out of the block through the intake manifold. The design was soon bored to and again to , then stroked to , settling on the most common displacement offered until