time it is not yet clearly separable from the German school. Indeed, the author Fiore dei Liberi states that he has learned much of his art from one "Master Johannes of Swabia". The heyday of the Italian school comes in the 16th century, with the Dardi school. Fiore dei Liberi's Flos Duellatorum (1410) Filippo Vadi's De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (1485) Pietro Monte (1509) Anonimo Bolognese M-345/6 (c. 1510s) Antonio Manciolino (1531) Achille Marozzo (1536) Camillo Agrippa, Trattato di Scienza d'Arme (1568) Giacomo di Grassi, His True Art of Defense (1594) Vincentio Saviolo, His Practice (1595) Salvator Fabris (1606) Ridolfo Capo Ferro (1610) Francesco Alfieri, La Scherma (1640) Giuseppe Colombani (1711) French manuals Similar to the situation in Italy, there is one early manual (c. 1400, dealing with the pollaxe exclusively), and later treatises set in only after a gap of more than a century. Le jeu de la hache (c. 1400) Andre Pauernfeindt, (1528)—This is a French translation of Pauernfeindt's 1516 work. One notable difference between it and the original is that the "noble science" print has colored images, unlike the German. Henry de Sainct-Didier, (1573) Gérard Thibault d'Anvers, (1623) Monsieur L'Abbat, The Art of Fencing, or, the Use of the Small Sword (1734) British manuals England Apart from three rather opaque texts of the later 15th century, the native English tradition of fencing manuals begins with George Silver's Paradoxes of Defense (1599). Harliean Manuscript 3542 (The Man Who Wol), late 14th–early 15th century Cotton Titus, 15th-century English greatsword and staff Additional Manuscript 39564, 15th century George Silver, Paradoxes of Defense (1599) Joseph Swetnam, Schoole of the Noble and Worthy Science of Defence (1612) Sir William Johnstone Hope, several books (1690s) Captain John Godfrey, A Treatise Upon the Useful Science of Defence, Connecting the Small and Back-Sword (1747) John Musgrave Waite, Lessons in sabre, singlestick, sabre & bayonet, and sword feats (1880) Alfred Hutton, Cold Steel, A Practical Treatise on the Sabre (1889), Old Sword-Play (1892) Scotland Scottish manuals detailing the use of the basket-hilted Scottish broadsword, besides other disciplines such as the smallsword and spadroon, were published throughout the 18th century, with early and late examples dating to the late 17th and early 19th centuries, respectively: Sir William Hope, The Scots Fencing Master (the Complete Smallswordsman) (1687) Sir William Hope, Advice to his Scholar from the Fencing Master (1692) Sir William Hope, Complete Fencing Master (1691–1692) Sir William Hope,