Tonia and Pavel became good friends after their first encounter, which later develops into an intimate relationship. Though born of a wealthy and influential family, Tonia treated everyone equally unlike her friends, who only interact with other children of well-reputed families. However, this changed as she grew up, as she became more aware of her appearance and social status of others. Publication history The first part of How the Steel was Tempered was published serially in 1932 in the magazine Young Guard. The second part of the novel appeared in the same magazine from January to May, 1934. The novel was published in 1936 in book form in a heavily edited version that conformed to the rules of socialist realism. In the serial version Ostrovsky had described the tense atmosphere of Pavel's home, his suffering when he became an invalid, the deterioration of his relationship with his wife, and their separation. All of this disappeared in the 1936 publication and in later editions of the novel. A Japanese translation of the novel was made by . Adaptations In the Soviet Union, three films were produced based on this novel: How the Steel Was Tempered (1942) Pavel Korchagin (1956, Korchagin was played by Vasily Lanovoy) How the Steel Was Tempered, 1973 (TV series of 6 episodes; Korchagin was played by Vladimir Konkin) In China, the novel was adapted into a television series of the same title in 2000; all the members of the cast were from Ukraine. In other media The third studio album of Russian experimental group Shortparis is titled Tak zakalyalas stal (Russian: Так закалялась сталь, lit. 'Thus the Steel Was Tempered') (2019). References External links How the Steel Was Tempered, English translation: Part 1, Part 2 Елена Толстая-Сегал, К литературному фону книги : 'Как закалялась сталь', Cahiers du Monde Russe Année 1981 22-4 pp. 375-399 Лев Аннинский, Обрученные с идеей (О повести 'Как закалялась сталь' Николая Островского), Раиса Островская, Николай Островский, серия ЖЗЛ, Молодая гвардия, 1984 Евгений Бузни, Литературное досье Николая Островского Тамара Андронова, Слишком мало осталось жить... Николай Островский. Биография. – М.: Государственный музей – Гуманитарный центр «Преодоление» имени Н.А. Островского, 2014. 1936 Russian novels Socrealist novels Nikolai Ostrovsky Novels about revolutionaries Novels set in Russia Novels set in Ukraine Russian novels adapted into films