social reformer Laurent Schwartz (1915–2002), mathematician Andre Weil (1906–1998), mathematician and leader in the Bourbaki group Social scientists Albert Aftalion (1874–1956), Bulgarian-born French economist Raymond Aron (1905–1983), sociologist Jacqueline Lévi-Valensi (1932-2004), specialist in the work of Albert Camus Élisabeth Badinter (born 1944), sociologist, philosopher and historian Julien Benda (1867–1956), philosopher and novelist Berachyah (12th or 13th century), philosopher Henri Bergson (1859–1941), philosopher, Nobel Prize (1927) Danielle Bleitrach (born 1938), sociologist, academic and journalist Marc Bloch (1886–1944), historian and Resistance leader Hélène Cixous (born 1937), Algerian-born feminist critic Jacques Derrida (1930–2004), Algerian-born philosopher Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), sociologist Josy Eisenberg (1933–2017), author, TV host, rabbi, screenwriter Alain Finkielkraut (born 1949), essayist Gersonides (1288–1344), philosopher Pierre Goldman (1944–1977), philosopher, author, thief; was mysteriously assassinated; son of Alter Mojze Goldman; half-brother to Robert Goldman and Jean-Jacques Goldman (half Jewish) Jean Gottmann (1915–1994), Russian Empire-born geographer Daniel Halévy (1872–1962), historian; son of Ludovic Halévy, brother to Élie Halévy, grandson of Élie Halévy, half brother to Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), cultural anthropologist and ethnologist Emmanuel Lévinas (1906–1995), Russian Empire-born philosopher Bernard-Henri Lévy (born 1948), Algerian-born philosopher Serge Moscovici (1925–2014), Romanian-born social psychologist, currently the director of the Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale; father of Pierre Moscovici Salomon Reinach (1858–1932), historian and archaeologist Maxime Rodinson (1915–2004), historian Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715–1780), first to teach the deaf Ignacy Sachs (born 1927), Polish-born economist George Steiner (1929-2020), literary critic Simone Weil (1909–1943), philosopher and mystic Cultural figures Artists Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon (1818–1881), photographer and sculptor Christian Boltanski (1944–2021), photographer, sculptor and installation artist (half Jewish) Claude Cahun (1894–1954), photographer André François (1915–2005), cartoonist Marcel Gotlib (1934–2016), comics artist Michel Kikoine (1892–1968), Russian Empire-born painter Moise Kisling (1891–1953), Polish-born painter Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), Danish West Indies-born painter widely considered the "father of Impressionism" Willy Ronis (1910–2009), photographer Joann Sfar (born 1971), cartoonist, film director Chaïm Soutine (1893–1943), Belarusian-born painter Roland Topor (1938–1997), illustrator, novelist Pauline Trigère (1909–2002), fashion designer Ossip Zadkine (1890–1967), Russian-born sculptor (half Jewish) Film and stage Anouk Aimée (born 1932), actress Alexandre Aja (born 1978), film director (Haute Tension) Mathieu Amalric (born 1965), actor, film director (half Jewish) Richard Anconina (born 1953), actor Alexandre Arcady (born 1947), film director, scriptwriter Arthur (born 1966), Moroccan-born TV producer, TV host Aure Atika (born 1970), actress, writer and director Yvan Attal (born 1965), Israeli-born filmmaker, actor Jean-Pierre Aumont (1911–2001), actor Guy Béart (1930–2015), Egyptian-born singer and songwriter Emmanuelle Béart