Epistles of St. Paul indicates that the names of pre-Christian gods and goddesses were used by his converts after their conversion as before. Hermes occurs in Romans 16:14, with a number of other purely pagan names, Epaphroditus in Phil. 4:18, Phoebe, the deaconess, in Romans 16:1. Similar names are found in the Christian inscriptions of the earlier period and in the signatories appended to such councils as Nicaea or Ancyra, or again in the lists of martyrs. At a later date the names are of a most miscellaneous character. The following classification is one that has been worked out by J. Bass Mullinger founded on Martigny. Names without Christian origin and significance This category may be divided as follows: derived unchanged or but slightly modified from pagan mythology, e.g., Mercurius, Bacchus, Apollos (I Corinthians 16:12), Hermogenes (Romans 16:4), etc. from religious rites or omens, e.g., Augustus, Auspicius, Augurius, Optatus; from numbers, e.g., Primus, Primigenius, Secundinus, Quartus, Octavia, etc. from colours, e.g., Albanus, Candidus, Rufus, etc. from animals and birds, e.g., Agnes, Asellus, Columbia, Leo, Taurus, Ursula, etc. from agriculture, e.g., Agricia, Armentarius, Palmatinus, Stereorius, etc. from flowers, e.g., Balsamia, Flosculus, Narcissus, Rosula; from jewels, e.g., Chrysanthus, Margarites, Smaragdus; from military life or the sea, e.g., Emerentiana, Navigia, Pelagia, Seutarius, Thalassus; from countries, cities, rivers etc.; Afra, Cydnus, Galla, Jordanis, Macedonius, Maurus, Sabina, Sebastianus, etc. from the months e.g., Aprilis, Januaria, Junia, etc. from personal qualities, etc., e.g., Aristo, Hilarius, Modestus, Pudens, etc.; from servile condition, e.g., Servus, Servilianus, Vernacla; names of historical celebrity, e.g., Caesarius, Cornelia, Pompeius, Ptolemaeus, Vergilius Names with Christian origin and significance These include the following: apparently suggested by Christian dogmas, e.g. Anastasia, Athanasia, Christophorus, Redemptus, Restitutus, etc. from festivals or rites, e.g., Epiphanius, Eulogia, Natalis, Pascasia, Sabbatius and the frequently recurring Martyrius; from Christian virtues, e.g., Agape, Elpis, Fides, Irene, with such derivatives as Adelphius, Agapetus, Caritosa, etc. pious sentiment, e.g., Adeodata, Ambrosius, Benedictus, Deogratias, etc., and possibly such names as Gaudentianus, Hilarius, Sozomen, Victorianus, Vincentius Though the recurrence of such names as Agnes, Balbina, Cornelius, Felicitas, Irenaeus, Justinus, etc. may be due to veneration for the martyrs who first used these names, the names of the New Testament are rarely found while those of the Old Testament are more common. Susanna, Daniel, Moyses, Tobias, occur frequently, but towards the end of the 4th century the name of the Blessed Lady becomes as familiar as those