party is officially registered. 2003: The party is renamed Russian Democratic Party Yabloko (Rosiyskaya Demokraticheskaya Partiya/Российская Демократическая Партия Яблоко). The Yabloko is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Liberal International. Pro-Chernomyrdin and regional party (1995–2000) Democratic Choice of Russia (1993–1999) The Democratic Choice of Russia was a centre-right liberal pro-capitalist political party. Union of Right Forces (1999–2008) The Union of Right Forces was a Russian centre-right liberal opposition political party. Pro-Vladimir Putin liberal projects Solidarnost wide movement (2008–) Solidarnost is a liberal democratic political movement founded in 2008 by a number of well-known members of the liberal democratic opposition, including Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov and others from the Yabloko and former Union of Right Forces (which had just merged with two pro-Kremlin parties). Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party (de facto 2010–) People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" is a liberal democratic coalition founded in 2010 by opposition politicians Vladimir Ryzhkov, Boris Nemtsov, Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov and their organisations Republican Party of Russia, Solidarnost, Russian People's Democratic Union and Democratic Choice. The RPR-PARNAS is a member of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party. In 2012, the coalition merged into the officially registered Russian political party RPR-PARNAS (Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party). The RPR-PARNAS is a centre-right liberal opposition political party and it represented in regional parliament in Yaroslavl Oblast. Mikhail Prokhorov's party Russian Empire Background Mikhail Speransky is sometimes called the father of Russian liberalism. His ideas were discussed and elaborated by such 19th-century liberal republican radicals as Alexander Herzen, Boris Chicherin, and Konstantin Kavelin. Based on their ideals, various early 20th-century liberal parties evolved, the most important of them being the Constitutional-Democratic Party, headed by Pavel Milyukov. From Liberation Union to Constitutional Democratic Party 1905: The Liberation Union (Soyuz Osvobozhdeniya) merged with the Union of Zemstvo-Constitutionalists (Soyuz Zemstev-Konstitutsionistov) to form the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party (Konstitutsiono-Demokraticheskaya Partya), formally known as the Party of Popular Freedom (Partiya Narodnoy Svobody), led by Pavel Milyukov. 1906: A faction forms the ⇒ Party of Democratic Reform October 26 O.S., 1917: The party's newspapers were shut down by the new Soviet regime November 28 O.S., 1917: Banned by the Soviet regime, the party went underground 1918-1920: Many party leaders were active in the White movement 1921-early 1930s: The party continued to function in exile, but