the original broadsides of "A Warning for Married Women" name the tune to which the ballad was to be sung as "The Fair Maid of Bristol", "Bateman", or "John True". These three tunes are also identified as "The Lady’s Fall", which was notably the tune for "Bateman’s Tragedy" (Roud 22132) and numerous other early seventeenth-century broadsides, most of which contained themes of "crimes, monstrous births, or warnings of God’s judgement." Later, eighteenth-century copies of "The Distressed Ship Carpenter" carried no tune designation whatsoever. "A Warning for Married Women" and "The Distressed Ship Carpenter" were printed respectively in 32 four-line stanzas (in ballad metre) and 13 to 14 four-line stanzas (in long measure, described by Atkinson as “slightly awkward” at times). Themes "A Warning for Married Women" addresses the themes of marriage, unfaithfulness and bigamy. David Atkinson writes that it can be seen as "a reinforcement of prevailing patriarchal family relationships." Barbara Fass Leavy describes Jane Reynolds as a "cautionary example" of what happens "when women abandon their responsibilities in order to pursue their own pleasures." The theme of materialism is prevalent throughout the different versions, as the wife usually remains concerned whether her lover will be able to maintain her. Likewise, he uses promises of prosperity as a way to seduce her. Leavy also suggests a different reading of the ballad, in which it is her marriage with a carpenter, rather than her decision to flee with the former lover, that can be considered an act of infidelity. Atkinson describes the original broadside as "the preservation of outmoded ways of thinking within the canon of popular literature." In accordance with the ecclesiastical law of early seventeenth-century England, a mutual promise of marriage was enough to make the couple husband and wife and was considered binding in the eyes of God. As a result, breaking such a promise would make any subsequent marriage invalid and invite divine punishment. The ballad therefore employs "popular theology to reinforce [its] emphasis on fidelity in marriage." The broadside may be read as encouraging faithfulness to the person with whom the original pre-marriage vows were exchanged and warning against divine punishment for breaking the oath. The changes resulting from the recasting of "A Warning for Married Women" as "The Distressed Ship Carpenter" can be seen as the reflection of "a genuine, if quite gradual, change in social and judicial attitudes in early modern England." The revenant