democracy.’ Mindell's first book, Dreambody: The Body's Role in Revealing the Self (1982), linked ‘the mind's dreaming process with illness and physical symptoms as well as with disciplines such as yoga and tai chi.’ Mindell is known for suggesting that ‘symptoms are dreams trying to come true.’ Stanislav Grof has described Arnold Mindell as one of the ‘pioneers of transpersonal psychology.’ In 2012, Mindell was one of five people recognized with a Pioneer Award from the US Association of Body Psychotherapy. He is a holder of the World Certificate for Psychotherapy (WCPC) awarded by the World Council for Psychotherapy. In the 2017 critical exploration of the relationship between African Americans and C.G. Jung's analytical psychology, Fanny Brewster describes Mindell's dreambody work and his linking of body symptoms and psychological development. Brewster finds that Mindell's development of Jungian ideas are aligned with traditional African concepts of healing which link mind and body: ‘I believe that Mindell's approach to dreamwork with its emphasis on body healing mirrors the African system of healing's inclusiveness of body and mind in the process.’ Mindell has been described as ‘a natural interculturalist who excels at building relationships across cultural boundaries.’ Mindell's intercultural skills include a focus on the importance of nonverbal elements of communication and the ‘ability to switch viewpoints and join the other's reality.’ Mindell has been the subject of two Thinking Allowed programs, the independent television series hosted by Jeffrey Mishlove. He has been interviewed on Shrink Rap Radio (2008), New Dimensions Radio (2009, 1995) and Somatic Perspectives on Psychotherapy (2009). Mindell has been criticised for teaching New Age concepts and practices that are unclear and unknown within the mainstream of psychology; and it is noted that he is not licensed as a clinical psychologist in Oregon. Mindell's dreambody work has been criticized as a form of 'metaphysical healthcare'; while another commentator referred to process oriented psychology as an example of a transpersonal psychology with the potential, he claimed, to be misused as a form of 'mind control.' Key ideas The ‘dreambody’ concept was developed in the 1970s while Mindell was a practicing Jungian analyst, derived from his observation of connections between people's dreams and their body symptoms and published in Dreambody: the Body's Role in Revealing the Self (Routledge, 1982). Mindell's therapeutic technique has been compared to Fritz Perls: “The most striking difference, at least from Perls himself, is one of mood –