the intermediate painter is associated with his court (Cazelles and Rathofer 1988). Catherine Reynolds, in an article of 2005, approached the dating of the "intermediate painter"'s work through the borrowings from it visible in the work of other Parisian illuminators, and placed it in the late 1430s or at the start of the 1440s. This is inconveniently early for what she describes as the "generally accepted" identification with Barthélemy van Eyck, and in any case she detects a number of stylistic differences between van Eyck and the "intermediate painter." Jonathan Alexander sees no stylistic need to hypothesize an intermediate painter at all. Attribution of the calendar miniatures The artists of the calendar miniatures have been identified as follows (Cazelles and Rathofer 1988): January: Jean February: Paul March: Paul and Colombe April: Jean May: Jean June: Paul, Jean, Herman, and Colombe (?) July: Paul August: Jean September: Paul and Colombe October: Paul and Colombe (?) November: Colombe December: Paul Pognon gives the following breakdown of the main miniatures in the Calendar, using more cautious stylistic names for the artists: January: the courtly painter February: the rustic painter March: the courtly painter (landscape) and the Master of the Shadows (figures) April: the courtly painter May: the courtly painter June: the rustic painter July: the rustic painter August: the courtly painter September: the rustic painter (landscape)? and the Master of the Shadows (figures) October: the Master of the Shadows November: Jean Colombe December: the Master of the Shadows In addition Pognon identifies the "pious painter" who painted many of the religious scenes later in the book during the initial campaign. The "courtly", "rustic" and "pious" painters would probably equate to the three Limbourg brothers, or perhaps other artists in their workshop. There are alternative analyses and divisions proposed by other specialists. Function A breviary consists of a number of prayers and readings in a short form, generally for use by the clergy. The book of hours is a simplified form of breviary designed for use by the laity where the prayers are intended for recital at the canonical hours of the liturgical day. Canonical hours refer to the division of day and night for the purpose of prayers. The regular rhythm of reading led to the term "book of hours".(Cazelles and Rathofer 1988) The book of hours consists of prayers and devotional exercises, freely arranged into primary, secondary and supplementary texts. Other than