scholarly biography Miller, William D. Memphis during the Progressive Era, 1900-1917 (1957) online Walker, Randolph Meade. "The Role of the Black Clergy in Memphis During the Crump Era." West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 1979. 33:29-47. 1874 births 1954 deaths Mayors of Memphis, Tennessee American political bosses Burials in Tennessee People from Holly Springs, Mississippi Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee Democratic National Committee people 20th-century American politicians