– 2005 – Bugatti Veyron Engine technologies Engine configuration & other miscellaneous fundamental construction details First engine with removable cylinder head – 1889 Bernardi First square engine – 1900 Georges Richard 3 1/2HP First variable displacement engine – 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six First counterbalanced crankshaft – 1908 Mercer Type 35 First aluminum engine block – 1922 Lancia Lambda First split-plane crankshaft – 1922 (for the 1923 model year) Cadillac V8 engine First crankcase ventilation system – 1925 (for the 1926 model year) Cadillac V8 engine First aluminum cylinder head – 1928 Fiat First diesel engined production car – 1935 Citroen Rosalie First gas turbine car – 1950 Rover First functional fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 1966 GM/Chevrolet Electrovan First production fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 2001 Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV and 2002 Honda FCX First Miller cycle engine – 1996 Mazda Millenia First Atkinson cycle engine – 1997 Toyota Prius First Hydrogen vehicle – 2005 BMW Hydrogen 7 (Germany) Wankel engines First Wankel engine – 1964 NSU Spider First front-wheel-drive car with Wankel engine – 1966 NSU Ro 80 First 2-rotor Wankel engine – 1966 NSU Ro 80 First 3-rotor Wankel engine – 1969 Mercedes C111 First 4-rotor Wankel engine – 1970 Mercedes C111 First turbocharged Wankel engine – 1982 Mazda Luce and Cosmo Valvetrain First overhead valve (OHV) engine – 1889 Bernardi First overhead camshaft (OHC) engine – 1903 Marr Auto Car First sleeve valve – 1909 Daimler (developed functional system from 1903 Knight Engine design) First double overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine – 1913 Peugeot Multi-valve engines First limited production 3-valve engine – 1912 Bugatti Type 18 First limited production 4-valve engine – 1913 Peugeot Grand Prix First limited production 5-valve engine – 1921 Peugeot Grand Prix First production 3-valve engine – 1924 Bugatti Type 35 First production 4-valve engine – 1971 Ford Escort Mk1 RS1600 First multi-valve turbocharged engine – 1981 Maserati Biturbo (AM452) First 6-valve engine – 1985 Maserati Biturbo 2.0 L V6 36v 261 hp (prototype) First production 5-valve engine – 1989 Mitsubishi Dangan ZZ First 3-valve diesel engine – 1989 Citroën XM First 4-valve diesel engine – 1993 Mercedes-Benz C-Class (OM604 engine) Variable valve timing (VVT) First Variable Valve Timing (VVT) engine – 1980 Alfa Romeo Spider 2.0 L First electronic VVT – 1983 Alfa Romeo Spider (All models) First cam-switching VVT – 1989 Honda Integra RSi/XSi B16A VTEC 1.6 L DOHC I4 First VVT