politics at a university and the co-director of the Center for Research and Documentation on Japan's War Responsibility, writes that the massacre was premeditated, and that "the Chinese in Singapore were regarded as anti-Japanese even before the Japanese military landed". It is also clear from the passage below that the massacre was to be extended to the Chinese in Malaya as well. After the Japanese military occupied Singapore, they were aware that the local Chinese population was loyal to the Republic of China. Some Chinese had been financing the National Revolutionary Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War through a series of fund-raising propagandist events. Targeted groups The Japanese military authorities defined the following as "undesirables": Activists in the China Relief Wealthy philanthropists who had contributed generously to the China Relief Fund, such as modernist architect Ho Kwong Yew, who designed and built many notable houses in Singapore for the wealthy Chinese community Adherents of Tan Kah Kee, leader of the Nanyang National Salvation Movement Hainan people, who were perceived to be communists China-born Chinese who came to Malaya after the Second Sino-Japanese War Men with tattoos, who were perceived to be triad members Chinese who joined the Singapore Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army Civil servants and people likely to sympathise with the British, such as Justices of the Peace and members of the legislative council Anyone who possessed weapons and were likely to "disrupt public security" Purge Screening After the fall of Singapore, Masayuki Oishi, commander of No. 2 Field Kenpeitai, set up his headquarters in the YMCA Building at Stamford Road as the Kenpeitai East District Branch. The Kenpeitai prison was in Outram with branches in Stamford Road, Chinatown and the Central Police Station. A residence at the intersection of Smith Street and New Bridge Road formed the Kenpeitai West District Branch. Under Oishi's command were 200 regular Kenpeitai officers and another 1000 auxiliaries, who were mostly young and rough peasant soldiers. Singapore was divided into sectors with each sector under the control of an officer. The Japanese set up designated "screening centres" all over Singapore to gather and "screen" Chinese males between the ages of 18 and 50. Those who were thought to be "anti-Japanese" would be eliminated. Sometimes, women and children were also sent for inspection as well. According to Kevin Blackburn, associate professor at Nanyang Technological University: The following passage is from an article from the