your own tradition and your own culture. I think the challenge is for cultural sovereignty and Black Arts struck a blow for that. BAM influenced the world of literature with the portrayal of different ethnic voices. Before the movement, the literary canon lacked diversity, and the ability to express ideas from the point of view of racial and ethnic minorities, which was not valued by the mainstream at the time. Influence Theater groups, poetry performances, music and dance were centered on this movement, and therefore African Americans gained social and historical recognition in the area of literature and arts. Due to the agency and credibility given, African Americans were also able to educate others through different types of expressions and media outlets about cultural differences. The most common form of teaching was through poetry reading. African-American performances were used for their own political advertisement, organization, and community issues. The Black Arts Movement was spread by the use of newspaper advertisements. The first major arts movement publication was in 1964."No one was more competent in [the] combination of the experimental and the vernacular than Amiri Baraka, whose volume Black Magic Poetry 1961–1967 (1969) is one of the finest products of the African-American creative energies of the 1960s." Notable individuals Amiri Baraka (formerly LeRoi Jones) Larry Neal Nikki Giovanni Maya Angelou Gwendolyn Brooks Haki R. Madhubuti (formerly Don Lee) Sun Ra Audre Lorde James Baldwin Hoyt W. Fuller Ishmael Reed Rosa Guy Dudley Randall Ed Bullins David Henderson Henry Dumas Sonia Sanchez Faith Ringgold Ming Smith Betye Saar Cheryl Clarke John Henrik Clarke Jayne Cortez Don Evans Mari Evans Sarah Webster Fabio Wanda Coleman Barbara Ann Teer Askia M. Touré Marvin X Ossie Davis June Jordan Sarah E. Wright Amina Baraka (formerly Sylvia Robinson) Ellis Haizlip David Hammons Notable organisations AfriCOBRA Black Academy of Arts and Letters Black Artists Group Black Arts Repertory Theatre School Black Dialogue Black Emergency Cultural Coalition Broadside Press Freedomways Harlem Writers Guild National Black Theatre Negro Digest Organization of Black American Culture Soul Book Soul! The Black Scholar The Crusader The Liberator Uptown Writers Movement Where We At See also African-American art African American culture Africanfuturism Afrofuturism Black pride Négritude Progressive soul References External links Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School Black Arts Movement Page at University of Michigan Amazing Street arts, Black street Arts West: Culture and Struggle in Postwar Los Angeles 1964 introductions African and Black nationalism