becomes a former lover and crime and punishment take the place of sin and retribution. The theme of sin becomes notable once again in the Scottish "Demon Lover" tradition (notably Child D-G), which establishes that the former lover is the devil who "came to carry off the unfaithful girl to the hills of hell." The imagery of the "hills of heaven and hell" is present in some of the variants collected in America. Alan Lomax describes the ballad as a reinforcement of the Calvinist sexual morality. The ballad also touches on the issues of class relations. According to Dave Harker, "A Warning for Married Women" questions the responsibilities of young women "of worthy birth and fame". In her reading of the ballad, Leavy mentions the binary opposition between the husband and the lover and two modes of existence they represent; the mundane life and domestic ties of the artisan and the life of adventure and freedom of the seaman. Many supernatural ballads mention fictional or remote places as locations. In multiple variants of the ballad, James Harris promises to take his lover to "the banks of Italie", which is a real, but sufficiently far-off place to serve as the final destination for an unfaithful wife and her supernatural lover. In other versions, the banks of Italy turn into, for example, the banks of Tennessee (in this version the destination becomes a familiar place to return to), various generalizations ("deep blue sea", "salt water sea") or abstractions ("isle of sweet liberty", "banks of sweet relief"). Traditional recordings The ballad was collected and recorded many times in the Appalachian Mountains; Clarence Ashley recorded a version with a banjo accompaniment in 1930, Texas Gladden had two versions recorded in 1932 and 1946, whilst Sarah Ogan Gunning sang a version in 1974. Jean Ritchie sang her family's version of the ballad twice, one of those times recorded by Alan Lomax, now available online courtesy of the Alan Lomax archive. The song was also popular elsewhere in the United States; Ozark singer Almeda Riddle sang another traditional version in 1964, and folklorist Max Hunter recorded several Ozark versions which are available on the online Max Hunter Folk Collection. Canadian folklorists Edith Fowke, Kenneth Peacock and Helen Creighton each recorded a different "House Carpenter" variant in Canada in the 1950s and 60s. The song appears to have been largely forgotten in Britain and Ireland, but a