Who's Who (or Who is Who) is the title of a number of reference publications, generally containing concise biographical information on the prominent people of a country. The title has been adopted as an expression meaning a group of notable persons. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication Who's Who, a reference work on contemporary prominent people in Britain published annually since 1849. In addition to legitimate reference works, some Who's Who lists involve the selling of "memberships" in fraudulent directories that are created online or through instant publishing services. AARP, the University at Buffalo and the Government of South Australia have published warnings of these Who's Who scams. Notable examples by country Who's Who, the oldest listing of prominent British people since 1849; people who have died since 1897 are listed in Who Was Who. Cambridge Who's Who (also known as Worldwide Who's Who), a vanity publisher based in Uniondale, New York. Marquis Who's Who, a series of books published since 1899 by Marquis, primarily listing prominent American people, but including Who's Who in the World. Who's Who in New Zealand, twelve editions published at irregular intervals between 1908 and 1991 Canadian Who's Who, a listing of prominent Canadians since 1910 Who's Who in Switzerland, published from 1953 to 1996 and then Swiss Who's Who, a listing of prominent Swiss or leading figures living in Switzerland since 2015 Who's Who in Australia, a listing of prominent Australians since 1923 Who's Who in France, a listing of prominent French or people living in France since 1953 Who's Who in Scotland, a listing of prominent Scots since 1986 Who's Who, by Metron Publications, a listing of prominent Greeks since 1992 Who's Who of Southern Africa, published in paper form until 2007 when it was replaced by a website Non-English publications Some Who's Who books have a title in the language of the country concerned: Croatian: Tko je tko u Hrvatskoj, bilingual edition (1993) Danish: Kraks Blå Bog (since 1910) annually Finnish: Kuka kukin on (since 1909) at first irregularly, every fourth year since 1970 German: Wer ist's? (1905–1935) and (since 1951) almost annually German: for East Germany: Japanese: Nihon Tarento Meikan (Talent Who's Who in Japan), a listing of Japanese celebrities, or tarentos, since 1970 Lithuanian: (Who's Who in Lithuania), a listing of prominent Lithuanians and business companies since 1995. Norwegian: Hvem er Hvem? (since 1912) 14 editions in the