2018, the Cato Institute launched a strategic campaign to challenge the doctrine of qualified immunity, centered on "a series of targeted amicus briefs urging the Supreme Court to reverse its precedents and eliminate the doctrine outright". By January 2020, this campaign had garnered the support of a cross-ideological spectrum of public interest organizations, including the ACLU, the Alliance Defending Freedom, the Institute for Justice, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and the Second Amendment Foundation. In August 2018, Circuit Judge Don Willett concurred dubitante when the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit found that the Texas Medical Board was entitled to qualified immunity for an unconstitutional warrantless search it made of a doctor's patient records. Willett called for "thoughtful reappraisal" of the clearly established law' prong of qualified-immunity analysis", citing a tendency for many courts to grant immunity based on no clear precedent, while avoiding the question of whether a Constitutional violation has occurred. Hence, those courts do not establish new law, so "[w]rongs are not righted, and wrongdoers are not reproached." He wrote: In 2020, there were several cases awaiting a Supreme Court decision involving qualified immunity. However, on June 15, 2020, the Supreme Court declined to hear cases involving revisiting qualified immunity. This was until November 2, 2020, when the Supreme Court ruled in a 7-1 per curiam decision that the 5th Circuit erred in granting two prison guards qualified immunity despite severe abuses. Erwin Chemerinsky of the UC Berkely School of Law calls this "a rare civil rights victory on qualified immunity." Legislative attempts On May 30, 2020, U.S. Representative Justin Amash (L-Michigan) proposed the Ending Qualified Immunity Act, stating: "The brutal killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police is merely the latest in a long line of incidents of egregious police misconduct... police are legally, politically, and culturally insulated from consequences for violating the rights of the people whom they have sworn to serve". On May 29, 2020, Representative Ayanna Pressley (D-Massachusetts) announced that she would cosponsor the bill. The bill was introduced in the House of Representatives on June 4, 2020, with 16 additional cosponsors. As of September 12, 2020, it had 66 cosponsors (65 Democrats and 1 Republican). A second bill aimed at ending qualified immunity for law enforcement, the Justice in Policing Act of 2020 (H.R.7120), was introduced by Rep. Karen Bass (D-CA) on June 8, 2020. The bill's sponsorship by