Turati argued that the new revolutionary program adopted by the PSI in 1919 would lead to disaster, and he advocated political alliances with other opponents of Fascism. This policy was rejected and the PSI split in 1921, with the formation of the Communist Party of Italy. In 1922, when Turati's group was expelled and established a new group, the Unitary Socialist Party (PSU). In 1924, Turati's disciple and Secretary of the PSU, Giacomo Matteotti, was assassinated by Mussolini's Ceka; this seminal event prompted Mussolini to formalize his dictatorship between 1925 and 1926. In 1926, Turati fled Italy in a dramatic escape to France – aided by Riccardo Bauer, Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Sandro Pertini (the future President of the Italian Republic) and Adriano Olivetti, of the eponymous typewriter company. In Paris, he was the soul of the non-Communist anti-fascist resistance, traveling across Europe and alerting democrats to the Fascist danger – which he saw as a phenomenon with far-reaching consequences. He died in the French capital in March 1932. After World War II, Turati's remains were transferred after to Milan's Cimitero Monumentale, where he was buried next to Anna Kulischov. In the Florestano Vancini's film The Assassination of Matteotti (1973), Turati is played by Gastone Moschin. References Further reading External links 1857 births 1932 deaths People from the Province of Como People of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Italian Socialist Party politicians Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922) politicians Deputies of Legislature XIX of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XX of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXI of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXII of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXIII of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXIV of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy Deputies of Legislature XXVII of the Kingdom of Italy Politicians of Lombardy Italian anti-fascists Italian essayists Male essayists 19th-century Italian journalists Italian male journalists Italian poets Italian male poets Italian sociologists Italian criminologists Italian expatriates in France Exiled Italian politicians Italian male non-fiction writers Italian Aventinian secessionists Italian political party founders University of Bologna alumni Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano