objects do not exist". The svātantrika versus prāsaṅgika sub-schools may have been an 11th–12th century innovation of the Tibetan translator Patsab Nyima Drakpa while he was translating a Sanskrit text by Candrakirti into Tibetan. Panchen Lama lineage In the lineage of the Panchen Lamas of Tibet there were four Indian and three Tibetan mindstream tulku of Amitābha before Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama. The lineage starts with Subhuti, one of the original disciples of Gautama Buddha. Bhāviveka is considered to be the third Indian tulku in this line. See also Buddhapālita References Sources Primary Sources in Translation V. V. Gokhale; S. S. Bahulkar. “Madhyamakahrdayakārikā Tarkajvālā: Chapter I.” In Miscellanea Buddhica: 76–107. Edited by Chr. Lindtner. Indiske Studier 5. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1985. V. V. Gokhale. “The Second Chapter of Bhavya’s Madhyamakahrdayakārikā (Taking the Vow of an Ascetic).” IIJ 14 (1972): 40–45. Shotaro Iida. Reason and Emptiness: A Study in Logic and Mysticism. Tokyo: The Hokuseido Press, 1980. This contains Chapter 3 of Madhyamakahrdayakārikā, verses 1–136 with commentary. Chikafumi Watanabe. “A Translation of the Madhyamakahrdayakārikā with the Tarkajvālā III.137-146.” JIABS 21 (1998): 125–55. Eckel, Malcolm D. To See the Buddha: A Philosopher’s Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness (1992). San Francisco: Harper San Francisco. Reprint ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. This contains a translation of Madhyamakahrdayakārikā Chapter 3, verses 266–360, with commentary. Eckel, Malcolm David. (2008). Bhāviveka and his Buddhist Opponents. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Harvard Oriental Series, Vol. 70, ISBN 9780674032734. This contains a translation of chapters 4 and 5. A series of articles by Paul Hoornaert contain the Sanskrit text of the verses of chapter 5 and Tibetan text of the commentary with translation. These were published in Studies and Essays, Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, Faculty of Letters, Kanazawa University (19 to 23, 1999 - 2003). Qvarnström, Olle (1989). Hindu philosophy in Buddhist perspective: the Vedāndatattvaviniścaya chapter of Bhavya's Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā. Lund: Plus Ultra. Lund Studies in African and Asian Religions, Vol. 4. ISBN 91 86668 30 7. Qvarnström, Olle (2015). Bhavya on Samkhya and Vedanta: The Sāṃkhyatattvāvatāra and Vedāndatattvaviniścaya Chapters of the Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā and Tarkajvālā. Harvard Department of South Asian Studies. Lindtner, Christian. Bhavya on Mīmāṃsā: Mīmāṃsātattvāvatāra. Chennai: Adyar Library and Research Centre, 2001. Ames, William Longstreet (1986). Bhāvaviveka's Prajnāpradīpa: six chapters. Contains chapters three, four, five, seventeen, twenty-three, and twenty-six. Secondary Sources Georges B.J. Dreyfus & L. Sara McClintock (2015), Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction: What Difference Does a