practice emergency skills. These major organizations include: International The Global Amateur Radio Emergency Communications Conference (GAREC) is held in a new location yearly by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), hosting discussion and coordination of large-scale and cross-border amateur radio emergency response. Australia In Australia, the Wireless Institute Civil Emergency Network (WICEN) operates in each state & territory as an autonomous body under the relevant disaster plan. Austria In Austria, Amateur Radio Emergency Network Austria (ARENA) - The Amateur Radio Emergency Network Austria is a national voluntary service that is provided to the community by licensed radio amateurs. ARENA is part of the OEVSV and IARU - the national and international amateur radio associations. Our focus is to support the public in the event of crises when conventional communication systems fail. Many of our members are volunteers in organizations such as the Austrian Red Cross, Civil Defense, fire brigades, military and related institutions. Unique EmComm support is provided by use of the HF, VHF and UHF frequency spectrums and many operating modes for voice and data communications. Besides usual point-to-point communications, we rely on repeaters, international networks such as Winlink, Echolink, APRS and HAMNET. For instance, one of the 5 mirror-redundant Winlink common message servers is located in Vienna. To increase the skill level of our members in being first responders, exercise and training is done regularly, and ongoing contact with government and non- government organizations is also maintained. Canada In Canada, Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) is sponsored by the Radio Amateurs of Canada. Often other less formal networks of volunteer radio operators are also used and organized by the local emergency response agencies in conjunction with local ham radio operators. As in the United States, Radio Amateurs of Canada has memoranda of understanding with numerous agencies expected to receive services[2], including the Canadian Red Cross and Salvation Army. Chile In Chile, Servicio de Emergencia de Radioaficionados (CE3SER) is sponsored by the Radio Club de Chile (CE3AA) and associated clubs around the country, and maintain active Agreements of Cooperation with the National Emergency Office (ONEMI), Air Force, Army, and the Navy branch in charge of the maritime territory. It operates daily the national emergency network (Red Chilena NorAustral de Servicios, RECNA) in HF, and locally in VHF-UHF. These exercises are performed on 80, 40, 20, 15 meters, and also locally in the main cities on VHF and UHF. The