California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities (CUAC) was established by the California State Legislature in 1941 as the Joint Fact-Finding Committee on UnAmerican Activities. The creation of the new joint committee (with members from both the State Senate and State Assembly) followed the publication of reports from two legislative committees that had investigated allegations about the administration of programs at the California State Relief Administration. In 1947, the California State Assembly ended its participation and the committee was reorganized by the California State Senate under authority of the Rules Committee of the State Senate as a subcommittee of the General Research Committee. CUAC was the California equivalent of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The Committee operated until 1970, publishing a total of 15 reports (called "Red Books" within state government) on a variety of topics including Nazi attempts to infiltrate California industry, alleged Communist front organizations, the John Birch Society, the Black Panthers, Cesar Chavez, and 1960s student protests. History From 1941 through 1949 the committee was known commonly as the Tenney Committee for its chairman, Senator Jack Tenney, who was notable for his vigorous investigations of Communists. In 1951, Tenney and the other members of the committee were sued by William Patrick Brandhove who alleged that they had violated his civil rights after he was charged with contempt after refusing to testify under oath at a hearing. Brandhove claimed that the hearing "was not held for a legislative purpose," but was instread conducted "to intimidate and silence" him. The case, Tenney v. Brandhove 341 U.S. 367 (1951), was heard by the US Supreme Court which found that under the circumstances of the case, the committee and its individual members were acting in the sphere of legitimate legislative activities in calling the plaintiff before it and examining him and the civil rights statute did not create a civil liability for such conduct. In March 1943, the report of the committee deals extensively with the activities of "enemy aliens", and was supportive of their internment. The 12th report of the Subcommittee was published in 1963, and included investigation of the Communist Party, the Constitutional Liberties Information Center, so-called Front groups and Black Muslims. The committee conducted an investigation of the John Birch Society, examining its literature, sent investigators to talk with supporters and critics, examined press accounts and worked for two years. On June 12, 1963, the subcommittee filed