The Polish National Government of 1863–64 was an underground Polish supreme authority during the January Uprising, a large scale insurrection during the Russian partition of the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It had a collegial form, resided in Warsaw and was headed by . This was a normal administrative institution with many ministries and departments. During 1863–1864 it was a real shadow government supported by the majority of Poles who even paid taxes for it, and a significant problem for the Russian secret police (Third Section). "It organized one of the world's earliest campaigns of urban guerrilla warfare", according to Norman Davies. It became the prototype for the Polish Secret State during World War II. It was designed to be able to unite Poland in a national struggle, and claimed all of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lands. References (1841-1865) President of the Polish National Government (April 1864 - Arrested Dec 1864), executed 1865 1863 establishments in Poland 1864 disestablishments in Europe January Uprising Governments in Poland Political history of Poland States and territories established in 1863