removal technologies gained traction because it allowed the country to pursue its interests regarding the petroleum industry. Norway was a pioneer in emission mitigation, and established a CO2 tax in 1991. Environmental NGOs Environmental NGOs are not in widespread agreement about CCS as a potential climate mitigation tool. The main disagreement amid NGOs is whether CCS will reduce CO2 emissions or just perpetuate the use of fossil fuels. For instance, Greenpeace is strongly against CCS. According to the organization, the use of the technology will keep the world dependent on fossil fuels. On the other hand, BECCS is used in some IPCC scenarios to help meet mitigation targets. Adopting the IPCC argument that CO2 emissions need to be reduced by 2050 to avoid dramatic consequences, the Bellona Foundation justified CCS as a mitigation action. They claimed fossil fuels are unavoidable for the near term and consequently, CCS is the quickest way to reduce CO2 emissions. Example projects According to the Global CCS Institute, in 2020 there was about 40 million tons CO2 per year capacity of CCS in operation and 50 million tons per year in development. In contrast, the world emits about 38 billion tonnes of CO2 every year, so CCS captured about one thousandth of the 2020 CO2 emissions. Iron and steel is expected to dominate industrial CCS in Europe, although there are alternative ways of decarbonizing steel. One of the most well-known failures is the FutureGen program, partnerships between the US federal government and coal energy production companies which were intended to demonstrate ″clean coal″, but never succeeded in producing any carbon-free electricity from coal. Related concepts Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BCCS) Direct air carbon capture and sequestration (DACCS) See also Carbon capture and storage (timeline) Carbon sink Carbon storage in the North Sea Climate engineering Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources Low-carbon economy Methane pyrolysis Solid sorbents for carbon capture References Further reading External links DOE Fossil Energy Department of Energy programs in CO2 capture and storage US Department of Energy US Gulf coast Zero Emissions Platform - technical adviser to the EU Commission on the deployment of CCS and CCU National Assessment of Geologic CO2 Storage Resources: Results United States Geological Survey Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Program at MIT Carbon capture and storage Bright green environmentalism Emissions reduction Gas technologies Climate change and the environment Climate change