been founded in 1966 by the governments of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and South Korea, the chapters of the League in West tended to be dominated by white supremacist and anti-Semitic groups, giving the League a dubious reputation. In 1974, she was a founding member of WISE (Welsh Irish Scots English) group led by Jason Mason, a former civil servant and Monday Club member. WISE was fiercely opposed to non-white immigration; called for the "reparation", by force if necessary of the all non-white people from Britain; and sought to "defend" British culture which it equated with whiteness from "alien" influences. Conservative MPs, most of whom were Monday Club members, spoke at WISE's rallies, but the tendency of neo-Nazis to attend WISE's rallies caused the group to lose influence. In 1975, Phyllis Bowman, president of the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children was embarrassed when Birdwood joined in as a plaintiff in an anti-abortion legal challenge she had launched under the grounds that Britain was taking in too many immigrants and abortion was reducing the number of white infants being born. Bowman felt that having Birdwood being associated with her would reduce public sympathy. One of her major failed efforts had her calling for the UK to enforce the Edict of Expulsion against English Jews in 1290 by King Edward I, insisting the edict had never been revoked, although successive British governments had, in fact, overturned the edict, beginning with Oliver Cromwell. She accused Indians of being naturally corrupt, Chinese of being unfriendly towards her, and Sikhs of being "too tough" for Britain. She stood in the 1983 by-election in Bermondsey as an independent candidate, winning 69 votes, and attacked her opponents by labelling the Tory candidate a "multiracialist" and the National Front candidate a "socialist". She was equally unsuccessful when she stood as a British National Party candidate in the 1992 general election in Dewsbury. Through much of her later life, she published the journal Choice, which presented a right-wing stance but was generally independent of any political party. Choice was described as a "stridently" anti-immigration magazine, which blamed all of Britain's problems on immigrants. It was observed there was a close stylistic resemblance between the pamphlets of the National Front and the articles in Choice, leading to suspicions that both were being written by the same people. In 1988, she founded the English Solidarity Against Multi-Racialism group