tree. Like other long-tailed macaques, it is also a proficient swimmer and may use this ability when threatened to avoid arboreal or terrestrial predators. Conservation status Their conservation status as documented by the IUCN Red List is listed as vulnerable, having been amended in 2004 from the taxon's previous status as data deficient following some more extensive studies. This reflects the likely increase in disturbances to their habitat caused by human activities, in particular on the island of Katchal. The Wildlife Institute of India however registered their status in 2002 as critically endangered, reflecting also their concerns that conservation efforts with regards to a defined captive breeding programme were deficient. Notes References External links photo of M. f. umbrosa specimen, Science Centre, Port Blair, Andaman Islands Macaca Macaque, Nicobar long-tailed Endemic fauna of the Nicobar Islands Mammals of India Vulnerable fauna of Asia Taxa named by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.