the district was occupied by the Wehrmacht, and, in 1942, the inhabitants, both Swedes and Germans whom the Nazis considered together as ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche, in German) and others (such as Ukrainians), were assessed and inventoried by officers of the Reichssippenamt operating under the direction of Kommando Karl Stumpp, the former historian of the area. As a result of the impending German attack, the Soviet authorities had already exiled many of the adult males among the ethnic German population of the district to areas of refuge and captivity east of the Ural mountains. During the German occupation, the area was officially under the Nazi civil administration of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine until the Soviet Red Army's successful counteroffensive drove the occupation forces, both military and civil, from the region in 1944. Dr Karl Stumpp and Dr Adam Giesinger both published materials on the settlement and history of the Swedish District and its villages. The historical part of this overview is drawn primarily from Stumpp's The Emigration from Germany to Russia in the Years 1763 to 1862 (English translation from the original German, American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1973), and Giesinger's From Catherine to Khrushchev : The Story of Russia's Germans (1974). Glückstal Glückstal (today Hlinaia, Russian Glinoe/Глиное – Moldova/Transnistria) Neudorf (today Carmanova, Russian Karmanowa/Карманова – Moldova/Transnistria) Bergdorf (today Kolosova, Russian Kolossowa/Колосова – Kolosova, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) Kassel (today Velykokomariwka (Komarivka)/Великокомарівка – Ukraine) and their daughter colonies: Hoffnungstal (today Tsebrykove/Цебрикове – Ukraine) Hoffnungsfeld (today Torosove/Торосове (formerly Lenine/Леніне) – Ukraine) Klein Neudorf (today Nowoseliwka/Новоселівка – Ukraine) Neu-Beresina (today Malosymenowe/Малозименове – Ukraine) Neu-Glückstal (today Zybuliwka/Цибулівка – Ukraine) Neu-Berlin (today Worobjowe/Воробйове – Ukraine) Neu-Kassel (today Sofijiwka/Софіївка – Ukraine) Rosenfeld (today Konopljane/Конопляне – Ukraine) Gnadenfeld (today Nejkowe/Нейкове – Ukraine) Kleinbergdorf (today Crasnoe, Russian Krasnoje/Красное – Moldova/Transnistria) Friedenstal (today Tryhrady/Тригради – Ukraine) Krontal (destroyed – east of Grigoriopol located in – Moldova/Transnistria) Neu-Glückstal (today Wowtsche/Вовче as part of Rymariwka/Римарівка – Ukraine) Koscharka (today Koscharka/Кошарка – Ukraine) Saratow (destroyed, northeast of Koscharka) Kutschurgan Strassburg (today part of Kuchurhan/Кучурган) Selz (today part of Lymanske/Лиманське) Kandel (today part of Lymanske/Лиманське) Baden (today part of Kuchurhan/Кучурган) Mannheim (today Kam'yanka/Кам'янка) Elsass (today Shcherbanka/Щербанка) and their daughter colonies: Ambrose Khutor Balmas, Bessarabia Bezilajweka Bischofsfeld (today Yeremiivka/Єреміївка) Bogunskoje Brilowa Brinnowka Dikowa Diminski Fischer Khutor Fischer-Franz Khutor Georgental (today Sekretarivka/Секретарівка) Jeremejewka Johannestal Kamenka Kaschary Kellersheim (destroyed) Kosenka Koslowka Kutschurgan Khutor Langenberg Larga, Bessarabia Linejewka Mandrowo Marjanowka Matischowka Miller Khutor Milliardowka Miroljubowka Neu-Baden Neu-Elsass