bases for a new system of organization of an Independent Judicial Branch, both in the Federation and in the States; [to order] revision of the laws relative to marriage and the civil state of persons; [to declare] dispositions which guarantee the strict fulfillment of the laws of the [Liberal] Reform, revision of the Civil, Criminal, and the Commercial codes; reforms of judicial procedure with the aim of expediting and making effective the administration of justice, revision of laws relative to the exploitation of mines, oil, water, timber, and the natural resources of the country, and to prevent this being done in the future; [to institute] reforms which may guarantee the faithful application of the Constitution of the Republic, and in general to provide laws which may be deemed necessary in order to assure to the inhabitants of the country the full and effective enjoyment of their rights and of equality before the law. Article 3 lays out implementation of the reforms, with the "Chief of the Revolution" empower to use the Constitutionalist Army for that purpose, and conveys on him other sweeping powers. Article 3. In order to be able to continue the struggle and in order to be able to bring to accomplishment of the work of the reforms which are referred to in the preceding Article, the Chief of the Revolution is expressly authorized to convoke and to organize the Constitutionalist Army and to direct the operations of the campaign; [he is authorized] to name governors and military commanders of States and to remove them freely; he is also to make expropriations on grounds of public welfare which may be necessary for division of lands, the funding of towns, and other public services; [he is authorized] to contract loans and to issue notes on the National Treasury with indication of the properties which will guarantee them; he may also name and freely remove federal employees as well as those of the civil administration of States to make directly or through the Chiefs [jefes] which he may authorize the requisitions of lands, buildings, arms, horses, vehicles, provisions, and other necessities of war; and to establish military decorations and to decree recompense for services devoted to the Revolution. Additions to the Plan, 14 September 1916 By September 1916, Villa had been defeated by Constitutionalist General Obregón and Zapata had returned to guerrilla warfare in Morelos. Carranza now looked to a