Celaenorrhinus leucocera, commonly known as the common spotted flat, is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is a common butterfly generally found in the wet forested hills of southern Asia, from India and the Himalayas east through Indo-China. The upper surfaces of the wings are dark brown with white bands and small white spots towards the tip of the wings. Description The butterfly has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm. It is dark brown above. The forewing has a band of more or less connected discal spots, which are white and semi-transparent. Of this band, two spots, i.e. the one in end cell, and that at 2; are rectangular and connected to more or less degree. The butterfly also has small white spots in the apex of the forewing. The hindwing has a few obscure, opaque yellow spots. The hindwing margins are chequered black and white. The male has plain white antenna shafts, while the female has plain brown shafts with white clubs. It is a very variable species. Detailed description Edward Yerbury Watson (1891) gives a detailed description, shown below: Distribution and habitat This butterfly is found in Myanmar, Thailand, western China, Malaysia and the Indonesian archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali). It occurs in India wherever its preferred forest habitat - moist, deciduous, semi-evergreen and secondary evergreen forests with a basically natural, varied herb and shrub vegetation - is present. It ranges from South India through Maharashtra to Bengal, and along the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (Mishmi Hills); and also the Andaman islands. It flies from plains level to in the Himalayas. The type locality of this species is the Himalayas. Ecology and life cycle The common spotted flat flies in the wet jungles of the peninsula and the Himalayas. It is a shade-loving insect, rarely venturing out of the forest, except early in the morning, late in the evening or when it is overcast. It visits flowers and rests on the undersides of leaves. Its long proboscis permits it to feed from flowers having long tubular corollas. It visits Impatiens, Asystasia, Blepharis, Peristrophe, Crossandra and other Acanthaceae shrubs and herbs which are abundant in the dappled environs of the forest edge where this butterfly is most likely to be found. The butterfly can also be spotted mud-puddling occasionally. When active, the common spotted flat alternates between sun and