members of the Libertarian, Republican, and Democratic parties made it the first bill to have tripartisan support in Congress. On June 3, 2020, Senators Kamala Harris (D-California), Edward Markey (D-Massachusetts), and Cory Booker (D-New Jersey) introduced a Senate resolution calling for the elimination of qualified immunity for law enforcement. Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont), Elizabeth Warren (D-Massachusetts), and Chris Van Hollen (D-Maryland) were cosponsors. On June 23, 2020, Senator Mike Braun (R-Indiana) introduced the Reforming Qualified Immunity Act, proposing that "to claim qualified immunity under the Reforming Qualified Immunity Act, a government employee such as a police officer would have to prove that there was a statute or court case in the relevant jurisdiction showing his or her conduct was authorized". State law Colorado, Connecticut, New Mexico, and New York City have either ended qualified immunity altogether or limited its application in court cases. Through the passing of the Enhance Law Enforcement Integrity Act in June 2020, Colorado became the first state to explicitly remove qualified immunity as a defense for law enforcement officers. On April 7, 2021, Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham signed the New Mexico Civil Rights Act guaranteeing that no public official "shall enjoy the defense of qualified immunity for causing the deprivation of any rights, privileges or immunities secured by the constitution of" New Mexico. The New York City Council eliminated qualified immunity for city officers in March 2021. Relevant cases Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982) Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335 (1986) Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635 (1987) Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194 (2001) Hope v. Pelzer, 536 U.S. 730 (2002) Brosseau v. Haugen, 543 U.S. 194 (2004) (dealing with qualified immunity in highly fact-bound cases involving police use of force) Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223 (2009) Safford Unified School District v. Redding, 557 U.S. 364 (2009) (dealing with qualified immunity in a case involving a search of a student by school officials) Camreta v. Greene, 563 U.S. 692 (2011) Plumhoff v. Rickard, 572 U.S. 765 (2014) (dealing with qualified immunity in highly fact-bound cases involving police use of force) City & Cty. of San Francisco, Calif. v. Sheehan, 135 S. Ct. 1765, 1772 (2015) Hernandez v. Mesa, 589 U.S. (2020) Novak v. City of Parma, 21-3290 (2022) See also Absolute immunity Ignorantia juris non excusat Sovereign immunity References External links For cops who kill, special Supreme Court protection - Investigative report