or the moon is not rising, or that fire burns. Technically, it is considered a rule of Islamic law. Āmidī (d. 631/1234) defines adillah as the science of the proofs of fiqh and the indications that they provide with regard to the aḥkām of the sharī‘ah. The ḥukm shar‘ī consists of four fundamental elements. These elements are: the Ḥākim (Lawgiver), the maḥkūm alayh (the subject), the maḥkūm fīh (the act of the mukallaf), and the ḥukm (ruling). Emergency conditions Religious precepts may be relaxed under certain extraordinary conditions. For example, although Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, it is recommended for an ill man to break his fast if fasting will worsen his illness. Fatwa It is similar to but differs from a fatwa. See also Supererogation, Western concept of virtue beyond ethical requirements , a similar typology in Anabaptist tradition References Notes Citations External links Types of Hanafi Legal Rulings (Ahkam) Arabic words and phrases in Sharia Islamic jurisprudence Sharia legal terminology Islamic ethics