is founded in New York City. May 19 – Fort Parker massacre: Among those captured by Native Americans is 9-year-old Cynthia Ann Parker; she later gives birth to a son named Quanah, who becomes the last chief of the Comanche. June 15 – Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state (see History of Arkansas). June 28 – James Madison, the fourth President of the United States and United States Secretary of State, dies in Montpelier, Virginia. July–September July 3 – Wisconsin Territory is effective. July 8 – Valparaiso, Indiana is incorporated. July 11 – President Andrew Jackson issues the Specie Circular, beginning the failure of the land speculation economy that will lead to the Panic of 1837. July 13 – U.S. patent #1 is granted after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents. July 30 – The first English language newspaper is published in Hawaii. August 1 – Abolition Riot of 1836 in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court: Two fugitive slave women are freed from the courtroom by spectators. August 30 – The city of Houston, Texas, is founded. September 1 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. September 5 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas. September 8 – Transcendental Club founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts. October–December October 15 – Alexander Twilight becomes the first African American elected to public office, joining the Vermont House of Representatives. October 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas. December 4 – Whig Party holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. December 7 – U.S. presidential election, 1836: Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison. December 10 – Emory College, the forerunner of Emory University, is chartered in Oxford, Georgia. December 14 – The Toledo War, the mostly bloodless boundary dispute between Ohio and the adjoining Michigan Territory, is unofficially ended by a resolution passed by the controversial "Frostbitten Convention". December 15 – The United States Patent Office burns in Washington, D.C. December 20 – Sudden freeze kills many travelers in Illinois. December 23 – Georgia Female College, the forerunner of Wesleyan College, is chartered in Macon, Georgia as the first college for women in the U.S. Undated American Temperance Union established. First McGuffey Readers published. The first printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by