Swabians were attracted by the Austrian Empire's offer of settling in East European lands which had been left sparsely populated by the wars with Turkey. These ethnic German communities came to be known collectively as the Danube Swabians, subdivided into such groups as the Banat Swabians, Satu Mare Swabians and others (although the name "Danube Swabians" was applied also to German settlers of non-Swabian background). Swabians settled also in eastern Croatia (Slavonia and Syrmia), and southern and western Hungary, including part of what is now Serbia and Romania (the Danube Swabians, Satu Mare Swabians, Banat Swabians and Swabian Turkey) in the 18th century, where they were invited as pioneers to repopulate some areas. They also settled in Russia, Bessarabia, and Kazakhstan. They were well-respected as farmers. Almost all of the several million Swabians were expelled from Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia during the period 1944–1950, as part of the ethnic cleansing against their German minorities. There still are Swabians living near the city of Satu Mare in Romania, who are known as Satu Mare Swabians. Overseas Because of overpopulation and increasingly smaller land-holdings, many Swabians sought land in the Western Hemisphere, especially in the 19th century. Swabian settlements can be found in Brazil, Canada, and the United States. Among the Germans who emigrated to the United States in the 19th century, Swabians in some areas maintained their regional identity and formed organizations for mutual support. Recent migration within Germany Significant numbers of Swabians moved to Berlin following the city's reinstatement as German capital in 2000. By the 2010s, their number was estimated as close to 300,000. As the Swabians in Berlin tended to be wealthier than the local Berliner, this resulted in a gentrification conflict, covered under the term Schwabenhass (literally "hatred of Swabians") by the German press in 2012–2013. List of notable Swabians Frederick Barbarossa (1122–1190), Duke of Swabia and later Holy Roman Emperor Albertus Magnus (c. 1200 – 1280), Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (1445–1496), first Duke of Württemberg Jakob Fugger (1459–1525), merchant, mining entrepreneur, and banker Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98–1543), painter and printmaker Johannes Brenz (1499–1570), theologian and Protestant reformer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813), novelist, poet, and translator Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), playwright, poet, philosopher, and historian Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843), poet and philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), philosopher