relevant than the birth of Jesus. All key dates in human history can then be listed using a simple increasing date scale with smaller dates always occurring before larger dates. Another gain is that the Holocene Era starts before the other calendar eras, so it could be useful for the comparison and conversion of dates from different calendars. Accuracy When Emiliani discussed the calendar in a follow-up article in 1994, he mentioned that there was no agreement on the date of the start of the Holocene epoch, with estimates at the time ranging between 12,700 and 10,970 years BP. Since then, scientists have improved their understanding of the Holocene on the evidence of ice cores and can now more accurately date its beginning. A consensus view was formally adopted by the IUGS in 2013, placing its start at 11,700 years before 2000 (9701 BC), about 300 years more recent than the epoch of the Holocene calendar. Equivalent proposals In 1924 Gabriel Deville proposed the use of Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne (CNCA), which would start 10,000 years before AD 1, which is identical to Emiliani's much later proposal. Since 1929, Dievturi, adherents of Latvian religion Dievturība, use Latviskā ēra (Latvian Era) which begins at the same point; this coincides with the first inhabitants’ influx to the territory of present Latvia (10500–10047 BCE). According to Latvian Era, ¹2023 is written for 2023 CE. Detailed explanation of Latvian Era by Ernests Brastiņš was first published in 1934. In 1963 E.R. Hope proposed the use of Anterior Epoch (AE), which also begins at the same point. Conversion Conversion from Julian or Gregorian calendar years to the Human Era can be achieved by adding 10,000 to the AD/CE year. The present year, , can be transformed into a Holocene year by adding the digit "1" before it, making it HE. Years BC/BCE are converted by subtracting the BC/BCE year number from 10,001. See also After the Development of Agriculture – calendar system that adds 8000 years to the Common Era. Anno Lucis – calendar system that adds 4000 years to the Common Era. Before Present, the notation most widely used today in scientific literature for dates in prehistory. Calendar reform References Further reading 1993 in science 1993 introductions 10th millennium BC Archaeological terminology Calendar eras Geochronology Holocene Proposed calendars Jōmon period Specific calendars