Raúl Silva Henríquez SDB (27 September 1907 – 9 April 1999) was a Chilean prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal from 1962. He served as Archbishop of Santiago de Chile from 1961 to 1983 and as Bishop of Valparaíso from 1959 to 1961. Both as Archbishop and in retirement, he was an advocate for social justice and democracy and a forthright vocal critic of the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet—"a constant thorn in the Government's side". Biography Born in Talca, Silva Henríquez was the sixteenth of nineteen children. His father, Ricardo Silva Silva, was a farmer and industrialist of Portuguese descent, and his mother was Mercedes Henríquez Encina. After studying at the Catholic University of Chile where he obtained his doctorate in law, Silva joined the Salesians of Don Bosco on 28 January 1930. He studied at the Salesian Pontifical University in Turin and earned a doctorate in theology and in canon law. He was ordained to the priesthood in Turin on 3 July 1938. He taught in Chile from 1939 to 1945 and then became director of the Salesian College La Cisterna. From 1951 to 1959 he headed Caritas Chile while also serving as director as Salesian theological studies. On 24 October 1959, Pope John XXIII named Silva Bishop of Valparaíso. He received his episcopal consecration on 29 November from Archbishop Opilio Rossi, with Archbishop Emilio Tagle Covarrubias and Bishop Vladimiro Boric Crnosija SDB, as co-consecrators. He was named Archbishop of Santiago on 14 May 1961. Pope John made him Cardinal-Priest of S. Bernardo alle Terme at the consistory of 19 March 1962. He was on good terms with industry leaders and government officials, including both future dictator Augusto Pinochet and the incoming President Salvador Allende, whose Marxist views he opposed but did not find alarming because Allende, he said, "was always prepared to talk". He once said: "There are more of the Gospel's values in socialism than there are in capitalism." In Santiago he quickly established his reputation as an advocate of far-reaching and immediate social reform. He distributed land on large estates owned by the Church to the peasants who worked on them peasants, saying that "These lands have served God for a long time, but I believe that the needs of the workers on these lands are greater." When Fidel Castro visited Chile in 1972, Silva gave him 10,000 Bibles to distribute in Cuba. Silva