The will in general (qq. 6–7) The Will (qq. 8–17) Good and evil (qq. 8–21) Treatise on passions (qq. 22–48) Passions in general (qq. 22–25) Love and hatred (qq. 26–29) Concupiscence and delight (qq. 30–34) Pain and sorrow (qq. 35–39) Fear and daring (qq. 40–45) Anger (qq. 46–48) Treatise on habits (qq. 49–70) Habits in general; their causes and effects (qq. 49–54) Virtues; intellectual and moral virtues (qq. 55–60) Virtues; cardinal and theological virtues (qq. 61–67) The gifts, beatitudes and blessings of the Holy Ghost (qq. 68–70) Treatise on vice and sin (qq. 71–89) Vice and sin in themselves; the comparison of sins (qq. 71–74) The general causes of sin; the internal causes of sin (qq. 75–78) The external causes of sin, such as the devil and man himself (qq. 79–84) The corruption of nature the stain of sin; punishment for venial and mortal sin (qq. 85–89) Treatise on law (qq. 90–108) The essence of law; the various kinds of law; its effects (qq. 90–92) Eternal law, natural law, human law (qq. 93–97) The old law; ceremonial and judicial precepts (qq. 98–105) The law of the Gospel or new law (qq. 106–108) Treatise on grace (qq. 109–114): its necessity, essence, cause and effects Part II-II Treatise on the theological virtues (qq. 1–46) Treatise on the cardinal virtues (qq. 47–170) Treatise on prudence (qq. 47–56) Treatise on justice (qq. 57–122) Treatise on fortitude and temperance (qq. 123–170) Treatise on gratuitous graces (qq. 171–182) Treatise on the states of life (qq. 183–189) References within the Summa The Summa makes many references to certain thinkers held in great respect in Aquinas's time. The arguments from authority, or sed contra arguments, are almost entirely based on citations from these authors. Some were called by special names: The Apostle — Paul the Apostle: He wrote the majority of the New Testament canon after his conversion, earning him the title of The Apostle in Aquinas's Summa even though Paul was not among the original twelve followers of Jesus. The Philosopher — Aristotle: He was considered the most astute philosopher, the one who had expressed the most truth up to that time. The main aim of the Scholastic theologians was to use his precise technical terms and logical system to investigate theology. The Commentator — Averroes (Ibn Rushd): He was among the foremost commentators on Aristotle's works in Arabic, and his commentaries were often translated into Latin