and fauna, that includes Carrion Crows (Corvus corone), eagles and field rats, in addition to Black, European or Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Willow (genus Salix), European or Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Populus (family Salicaceae) and Vitis grapevines (of the family Vitaceae). References External links Article in PNAS (1999) Article in Athena Review Prehistoric sites in Portugal National monuments in Leiria District Neanderthal sites