in the 1870s and 1880s. That allocation, however, was as much a response to local Stó:lō First Nations numbers as it was to potential American aggression. There is no border crossing at the Columbia Valley today, only a fence across farmland. References British Columbia: From the earliest times to the present, Vol. 2, E.O.S. Scholiefied and F.W. Howay, pp. 29–30. See also Okanagan Trail Fraser Canyon Gold Rush Historic trails and roads in Washington (state) History of British Columbia Gold rush trails and roads