Kellogg Eye Center is the home of the University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, part of the Medical School and Michigan Medicine. The Kellogg Eye Center has 64 clinical faculty and 21 research faculty (including nine endowed professorships), 21 residents, 17 research fellows and 11 clinical fellows. The Department of Ophthalmology was established in 1872 and has served patients at least as early as 1904, when there were 1,400 patient visits to the Eye & Ear Ward. The Kellogg Eye Center opened in 1985; in that year, there were 36,852 visits to the center. In 2011, there were 140,104 patient visits and over 5,783 surgical procedures performed. The Kellogg Eye Center has community clinics in Ann Arbor, Brighton, Canton, Livonia, Milford, West Bloomfield, and Ypsilanti. Eye Center residents also staff the VA Ophthalmology Clinic at the Veterans Affairs Hospital in Ann Arbor. The expanded W.K. Kellogg Eye Center and new Brehm Center for Diabetes Research opened in March 2010. The $132 million expansion project built the Brehm Tower, an eight-story research and clinical building expands space for the Kellogg Eye Center by 50 percent. The Eye Center is located on the tower's six lower floors, and the Brehm Center is housed on the upper two floors, with its Diabetes mellitus type 1 research laboratories. (Diabetes can cause vision loss). The tower includes nine eye clinics, six operating rooms, and new refractive surgery and cosmetic surgery suites, as well as facilities for support services such as genetic counseling, ophthalmic photography, diagnostic visual electrophysiological testing, and ocular prosthetics. The tower also houses a library, optical shop, and café. The Eye Center has 20 research laboratories in the new building and in the adjoining research tower. The tower is named after Virginia philanthropists Delores S. (Dee) and William K. Brehm, who donated $44 million to the University in November 2004, of which around $30 million was dedicated for the Brehm Tower project. Biomedical Science Research Building The A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Science Research Building (BSRB) at 109 Zina Pitcher Place houses biomedical research facilities. The BSRB opened in February 2006 and is around The $220 million building occupies a site by and is high. It is the largest research facility on campus and covers an entire city block. The design has been described as "striking...emphasizing light and curves," with its south wall being a "curved, glass ribbon of office space...