19 April 1988). Following his defeat in 1988, he said that the NDP had made a serious mistake by not focusing more of its attention on opposition to the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (Toronto Star, 24 November 1988). Gracey was 48 years old at the time of this election (Toronto Star, 16 November 1988). He wrote an article in 2004 arguing that temporary deficits, while not desirable, can be appropriate for some economic situations. He has also proposed that the Bank of Canada be given more authority in Canada's economic system. Gracey continues to serve on the executive of the Scarborough Southwest NDP association as of 2005, and has endorsed Dan Harris as the party's candidate in the 39th Canadian federal election. There is a different politician named Dave Gracey in British Columbia. Sudbury: John Filo John Filo is a former geophysics teacher at Cambrian College, and a longtime labour leader and social activist in Sudbury. He holds a Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts and P.Eng degrees, and has worked in South Africa, Botswana, Saudi Arabia and Europe. His father was a working-class immigrant from Slovakia, who worked in the steel industry. Filo served as president of the Sudbury and District Labour Council in the 1990s and 2000s, and led protests against the labour policies of Mike Harris's provincial government. In 1995, he called for a boycott of local businesses that were identified as anti-labour. He nevertheless opposed a "Day of Action" protest against the Harris government slated for February 1997, due to both harsh winter conditions and opposition from the United Steelworkers of America. A longtime New Democratic Party supporter, Filo ran as a party candidate in 1997 on the advice of Elie Martel, a candidate in the neighbouring riding of Nickel Belt. Martel noted that Filo's candidacy was meant to keep the Liberal Party election machine in Sudbury busy, and prevent it from intervening in his own campaign; Filo himself acknowledged that this was true. Filo received 8,471 votes (21.12%), finishing second against Liberal incumbent Diane Marleau. Filo was a co-chair of the Sudbury United Way campaign in 1999-2000. He continued to oppose the Harris government's policies, describing the 2000 Employment Standards Act as an affront to working men and women. In 2002, he opposed the provincial government's plans to privatize Ontario Hydro. He was honoured for his contribution to Sudbury in 2007, in a meeting