Mušan "Caco" Topalović (20 April 1957 – 26 October 1993) was a Bosnian gangster and warlord from Sarajevo, commander of the 10th Mountain Brigade in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Caco was also a smuggler, thief and gangster inside the besieged capital Sarajevo. Topalović was also formerly a rock musician. Caco only became a brigade commander because of the confusion of the Yugoslav secession crisis in the spring of 1992. He managed to form his own brigade while the Bosnian government pursued a resolution. Caco and his forces were notorious for war crimes against the civilian population, particularly the killing of Serb civilians, many of whom were later exhumed from Kazani pit and identified. Activities and crimes Caco's brigade was infamous for rounding up Sarajevo's citizens and forcing them to dig defensive positions in his areas of responsibility. This included the family members of senior government officials and army generals. Some of those press-ganged into trench digging never returned, in some cases allegedly because Caco's men coveted their apartments. Caco's men are believed to have killed hundreds of victims, primarily local Serb civilians. The bodies were disposed of in Kazani, an illegal gravesite in a cleft of Mt. Trebević. Paramilitaries cut Serb throats and burned at least one Serb alive, according to testimonies. 29 bodies from the Kazani pit were exhumed by investigators after a few days of digging, but the work was abruptly halted by the Interior Ministry and never resumed. Caco's paramilitaries also assaulted foreign journalists, stole from aid agencies, hijacked armoured personnel carriers from UNPROFOR, and monopolized the black market. Death The Sarajevo government began to crack down on the city's criminal army gangs in the fall of 1993. The city's military dependence on criminals had gradually diminished with the formation of a professional army and the gangs were an obstacle to further military professionalization and consolidation. Caco's excesses, brutal crimes against civilians and refusal to have the 10th Mountain Brigade fall under the Bosnian Army (ARBIH) chain of command had become a challenge to government authority, and had also become an embarrassment to Sarajevo's leaders who wished to maintain international sympathy and support. On October 26, 1993, the government launched "Operation Trebević 2" which targeted the 9th motorized and 10th mountain brigades and their respective commanders. During the operation, Caco and a few of his associates killed nine police officers and took