Data I/O is a provider of manual and automated data programming and security provisioning systems for flash memory, microcontroller and logic devices, founded in 1972. The company develops products used for the design and manufacturing of systems used in industries such as IoT, medical and consumer electronics. The company is headquartered in Redmond, Washington, with offices in Shanghai, China, and Gräfelfing, Germany. History Data I/O was incorporated in 1969. Before the IBM PC was introduced, the company developed equipment that allowed electronic designers to program non-volatile semiconductor devices with data stored on punched cards or ASCII-encoded (eight-level) punched paper tape. Over the next three decades the company was involved in the development of technologies such as Bipolar, EPROM, EEPROM, NOR FLASH, Antifuse, FRAM, NAND FLASH, eMMC and Universal Flash Storage (UFS) devices. More recently the company has extended the automated pre-programming system to include security provisioning capabilities for authentication IC's, secure microcontrollers, microprocessors and secure flash with the their security deployment platform for Original Electronics Manufacturers (OEMs) as well as other markets.. The company's products integrate a FIPS 140-2 Level 3 compliant HSM into an automated programming system which are intended to enable provisioning of credentials into security ICs and microcontrollers in high volume. Products Current Introduced in 2000, Data I/O FlashCORE technology is optimized for programming of NAND and NOR based flash devices and Flash microcontrollers and is sold in FlashPAK, PS-System, FLX500, and ProLINE-RoadRunner programmer models spanning engineering to high-volume offline and inline "just-in-time" manufacturing. Data I/O provides Tasklink for Windows software to set up FlashCORE programmers and specify data sources. In addition, they develop software that manages automated and remote programming, secures data and manages device serialization. Many of these work with TaskLink, while others are independent software packages. Data I/O manufactures two device programmers that can accommodate DIP (through-hole) devices, the Plus-48 and the Optima. Both are aimed at the small, (relatively) low-cost, desktop programmer (engineering) market. Legacy Model 1 One of their first attempts at a 'Universal' programmer was the Model 1, Model 5 (TTL-Sequencer based), Model 9 (Microprocessor based),and the System 19 (introduced in the late 1970s). It utilized interchangeable device sockets and configuration plug-in printed-circuit cards, consisting mainly of resistors, diodes and jumpers, to allow reading and programming of a variety of memory devices. System 29 In the early 1980s the System 29 series emerged. The first model, the 29A, added user RAM,