had previously work for Díaz as a captain in the rurales, which Kosterlitzky was in command of, as a security guard for the American railway operating near Mazatlán. He had repelled a raid in late October of the same year. Holmdahl had defected from the government forces to create his own faction. Throughout most of January, 1911, Holmdahl, along side an unknown number of men, had captured small towns and villages including a majority of Nayarit near the West coast. He had plans to capture Tepic, but failed after his men had betrayed him and was lure to an ambush. Kosterlitzky had ended up executing 300 of his men. Nogales In 1913, Kosterlitzky was commanding a force of 400 men in Northern Mexico to help stop actions of Venustian Carranza and Pancho Villa during the Mexican Revolution. On March 13, around 2,000 rebel forces, under General Alvaro Obregon, had attacked Kosterlitzky, and his 400 soldiers. Fighting only lasted for a few hours up until he was eventually captured in Nogales, Sonora, by the revolutionaries. His remaining soldiers had retreated to the border and surrendered to the American garrison of Nogales, Arizona. He was jailed until 1914, when he, his wife, Francisca, and two daughters moved to Los Angeles, California. Later life and death After Kosterlitzky had moved to Los Angeles with his family, he became a translator for the U.S. Postal Service. During World War I, he pretended to be a German physician. Later in 1917, he was appointed as a special employee within the FBI. On May 1, 1922, he was appointed a Bureau special agent. Because of his unique qualifications he was assigned to work border cases and to conduct liaison with various Mexican informants and officials. He resigned from the FBI on September 4, 1926. He returned to Mexico in 1927, to investigate a plot against the government of the state of Baja California. Kosterlitzky died in Los Angeles on March 2, 1928, and is buried in Calvary Cemetery in East Los Angeles. See also Kelvin Grade Massacre Yaqui Wars Yaqui Uprising Battle of Mazocoba Tiburon Island Tragedy Cananea strike Arizona Rangers References Samuel Truett, "Transnational Warrior: Emilio Kosterlitzky and the Transformation of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands", in Continental Crossroads: Remapping U.S.-Mexico Borderlands History, ed. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004, p. 241-70. Cornelius Smith, Jr., Emilio Kosterlitzky, Eagle of Sonora (1970) External links FBI General Estrada The Situation