the positions of the Semigorodites. The Cossacks managed to break into the shafts and even seize several guns, but during the counterattack the Cossacks were repulsed. This led to some confusion among the Cossacks, so the siege command decided to use this moment for a general assault. The assault began on the afternoon of September 11 and lasted 3 hours. Dengoff's fresh dragoons managed to break into the Cossack ramparts, but they were knocked out by the defenders. The Cossacks did not use firearms - it seems that they were running out of gunpowder. The attackers suffered very heavy losses: 1,500 Moldavians, Wallachians and Semigorodites, and 800 Poles. Eyewitnesses wrote that Polish corpses completely filled the shaft in front of the Cossack trenches. The Polish dragoons survived only one captain, and all other officers were killed. Quarrels broke out between the Poles and their allies over who was to blame for the defeat of the assault. The Cossacks failed to use their great success. Although the next night they tried to destroy the blockhouse in front of the Polish trenches, and almost succeeded in attacking it suddenly in the dark, the defenders were able to hold out (including hand grenades) to the approach of their cavalry, which drove the Cossacks to their camp. References Zaporozhian Cossacks Zaporozhian Cossack military personnel of the Khmelnytsky Uprising Military personnel killed in action 1632 births 1653 deaths