Malcolm left the Liberal Party in 1996 to campaign against cabinet minister Sheila Copps in a federal by-election. "This election is my way of protesting," he was quoted as saying. "Loyalty to the party takes second place to loyalty to the country". He called for the federal government to scrap the national Goods and Services Tax (GST) and to renegotiate the country's free trade agreement with the United States of America (Hamilton Spectator, 8 June 1996). He later joined the Canadian Action Party for the 1997 election. In late 2003, Malcolm was listed as an ordained minister and big rig truck driver (Toronto Star, 6 November 2003). The data for the 2003 municipal election is taken from figures listed in the Toronto Star, 11 November 2003. The final results were not significantly different. Toronto Centre—Rosedale: Anthony Robert Pedrette Pedrette was described as "businessman with a background in computer graphics and software development". He argued that nationalizing the Bank of Canada would be necessary for genuine reform in the country (Toronto Star, 30 May 1997). He received 303 votes (0.65%), finishing sixth against Liberal incumbent Bill Graham. Whitby—Ajax: Robert Charles Radford A former management consultant, Radford was retired at the time of the election. His campaign focused on monetary reform and constituent-based grass roots democracy (Toronto Star, 30 May 1997). He received 394 votes (0.80%), finishing fifth against Liberal candidate Judi Longfield. Manitoba Portage—Lisgar: Roy Lyall Lyall has listed his occupation as a farmer. He campaigned for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1990 provincial election as a candidate of the Confederation of Regions Party, and finished fourth against Progressive Conservative Edward Connery with 243 votes. He first ran for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1993 federal election as a candidate of the Canada Party. He finished seventh out of seven candidates in Lisgar—Marquette with 116 votes, losing to Jake Hoeppner of the Reform Party. Lyall was the only candidate of the Canadian Action Party to campaign for a Manitoba seat in the 1997 election. He received 159 votes (0.47%), this time finishing sixth against Hoeppner. References Canadian Action Party candidates for the Canadian House of Commons Candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election