led to young children sometimes being accompanied by members of parent–teacher association groups while walking home from school. Historian and manga author Shigeru Mizuki considered Kuchisake-onna to be an example of a yōkai, a term which can refer to a variety of supernatural monsters, spirits, and demons in Japanese folklore. According to Zack Davisson, a translator of many of Mizuki's works, "When Mizuki put her in one of his newest yokai encyclopedias, that's when she was officially considered a yokai." In popular culture Kuchisake-onna has appeared in live-action films, as well as in the manga, anime, and video games. The character appears in the 1994 animated film Pom Poko, produced by Studio Ghibli, and later appears in the 1996 live-action short film Kuchisake-onna, directed by Teruyoshi Ishii. She is also mentioned in the 1998 film Ring, directed by Hideo Nakata. In 2007, the film Carved: The Slit-Mouthed Woman (also known under the titles Kuchisake-onna or A Slit-Mouthed Woman), directed by Kōji Shiraishi and featuring Miki Mizuno as Kuchisake-onna, was released. The film was followed by Carved 2: The Scissors Massacre (also known as Kuchisake-onna 2) and The Slit-Mouthed Woman 0: The Beginning (or Kuchisake-onna 0: Biginingu), both of which were released in 2008. The Kuchisake-onna character later appeared in the 2012 film Kuchisake-onna Returns, as well as in the webcomic Mob Psycho 100. Kuchisake-onna was also the basis for a character that appears in the episode "Danse Vaudou" of the American television series Constantine. See also Bloody Mary, an urban legend about a demonic apparition who appears in mirrors Japanese urban legends, enduring modern Japanese folktales La Llorona, the ghost of a woman in Latin American folklore Madam Koi Koi, an African urban legend about the ghost of a dead teacher Ouni, a Japanese yōkai with a face like that of a demon woman (kijo) torn from mouth to ear Teke Teke, a Japanese urban legend about the spirit of a girl with no legs References Sources Further reading External links Kuchisake-onna Tales of Ghostly Japan, Japanzine Histoire de Kuchisake Onna Yōkai Japanese ghosts Japanese folklore Japanese urban legends Female legendary creatures