'today' 'moon' 'fall' (cf. Benedict's PTB 'dive, sink, drown') 'big' (first syllable) 'shit' 'right' (vs. 'left') 'stomach' (first syllable); the second syllable is cognate with Toto 'meat' 'meat' 'bamboo species' (first syllable), Nepali 'paddy' 'wing' 'sun' 'stand' 'yesterday' 'navel' 'bring' 'to shit' 'sleep' 'urine' 'dog' 'name' 'horn' 'flower' 'snake' 'stone' 'tongue' 'to dream' 'ear' 'eye' 'fish' 'body hair' 'I' 'sole of the foot' 'pig' 'thou' 'tooth' 'die' 'eat' 'be sweet, taste sweet' 'mango' (suffix: ) 'jackfruit' (suffix: ) 'kill' 'dig' 'egg' 'sit, stay' 'water' 'tear' 'spit' 'rain' 'blood' 'milk' 'buffalo' 'come down, descend' 'neck' 'weave' 'cry' 'monkey' 'mouse, rat' Pronouns The Toto personal pronouns are (van Driem 1995): Numerals The Toto numerals are (van Driem 1995): Writing system An alphabetic script developed for the language by community elder and author, Dhaniram Toto, was published in 2015, and has seen limited but increasing use in literature, education, and computing; most significantly, the Toto alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2021. Prior to the publication of this script, Dhaniram Toto and other members of the community (whose literacy rate as per sample survey carried out in 2003 was just 33.64 per cent) penned books and poems in the Bengali script. Unicode The Toto alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2021 with the release of version 14.0. The Unicode block for Toto is U+1E290–U+1E2BF: See also Dhimalish comparative vocabulary list (Wiktionary) Notes References Amitabha, S. (1993). Toto, Society and Change: A Sub-Himalayan Tribe of West Bengal. Firma KLM. Basumatary, C. (2014). The Phonological Study of Toto Language. Language in India, 14:6, 59–84. Retrieved February 9, 2015, from http://languageinindia.com/june2014/chibiramtotophonology1.pdf Chaudhuri, B. (1992). Tribal Transformation in India. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications. Doherty, B. (2012, April 29). India's Tribal People Fast Becoming Lost for Words. Retrieved February 8, 2015, from http://www.smh.com.au/world/indias-tribal-people-fast-becoming-lost-for-words-20120429-1xted.html Mehrotra, R. (1974). Endangered Languages in India. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 105–114. Retrieved February 9, 2015, from https://web.archive.org/web/20111016074549/http://www.degruyter.de/journals/ijsl/detailEn.cfm Perumalsamy P (2016) Toto Language LSI West Bengal Vol.I in the website of Office of the Registrar General India, New Delhi http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_wb/5TOTO.pdf Singh, S. (2014, August 1). Toto Language More Endangered Than Tribe. Retrieved February 8, 2015, from http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/toto-language-more-endangered-than-tribe/article6270931.ece van Driem, G., & Bronkhorst, J. (2001). Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language (pp. 559–760). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Pub. van Driem, G.