his many embarrassments, political and financial, caused many delays and left Santa Cruz unable to take action. He was at Lisbon without the means to fit out his fleet, when Francis Drake burnt the Spanish ships at Cádiz during his 1587 expedition. The king was offended by Santa Cruz's independence of judgment, and he held the admiral responsible for the failures and delays, although these are better attributed to the Crown. Santa Cruz died on 9 February 1588 at Lisbon, reportedly in part because of the unjustified reproaches of the king. The great galleons employed to carry the trade between Cádiz and Vera Cruz in New Spain were the joint creation of Santa Cruz and Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. The Marquis of Santa Cruz died in Lisbon on 9 February 1588, during the preparations of the Spanish Armada against England. Legacy and popular culture The documents relating to the Spanish Armada have been collected by Cesáreo Fernández Duro in La Armada Invencible (1895–1903), and he gives a biography of the Santa Cruz in his Conquista de las Islas Azores. A separate life has been published by Don Ángel de Altolaguirre. There are various notices of Santa Cruz in Sir W. Stirling Maxwell's Don John of Austria. Several ships of the Spanish Navy were named Álvaro de Bazán in his honour. Currently, a new class of frigates is being built for the Spanish Navy, and the lead ship is the Álvaro de Bazán (F101). He was depicted on the 1953 one-peseta banknote. In the Chapter XXXIX of Don Quixote, Cervantes says: Tomóla la capitana de Nápoles, llamada La Loba, regida por aquel rayo de la guerra, por el padre de los soldados, por aquel venturoso y jamás vencido capitán don Álvaro de Bazán, marqués de Santa Cruz. ("She was taken by the Captain of the Naples-galleys, called La Loba (The She-Wolf), commanded by that lightning of war, by the father of soldiers, for that fortunate and never defeated captain, Don Álvaro de Bazán, marquess of Santa Cruz.") In the episode "The Enterprise of England" in the 1971 BBC series Elizabeth R, he is portrayed by Geoffrey Wincott in an historically accurate script, in which King Philip's meddling clearly dooms his plans and exacerbates his declining health. References Attribution: External links 1526 births 1588 deaths People from Granada Alvaro 01 Knights of Santiago Spanish admirals People of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Governors