the Rhodesian pilot and gun-runner, supported Schramme's forces with flights supplying him with weapons. On the morning of 5 July 1967 10 Commando ANC, Schramme's unit, launched surprise attacks on Stanleyville, Kindu, and Bukavu. Schramme led the attack on the army's barracks at Stanleyville, leading a force of 11 white mercenaries and about 100 Katangese in the assault. The attack killed hundreds of Congolese soldiers and their families, leading to the wrathful Congolese to execute 30 mercenaries not involved in the coup attempt. The attack that Schramme planned was described as "badly executed" as he behaved with over-confidence in believing that his small force would be enough to take Stanleyville. The Congolese fought back and within a week, Schramme had been forced to retreat from Stanleyville. Schramme tried to take control of Stanleyville, Congo. Defeated, his force retreated south into Kivu provinece. By August 10, his troops conquered the border town of Bukavu and had grown considerably in number. Schramme was able to hold Bukavu for seven weeks and managed to defeat all ANC troops who were sent to retake the town. The ANC suffered from a lack of artillery and was frustrated and demotivated over its continuous losses.. By accident, some ANC T-28 flying missions even attacked their own troops instead of Schramme's. The shortages of ammunition were a major problem for the ANC, but Schramme's forces suffered from even greater shortages of ammunition as the expected support from abroad failed to arrive. Extra forces including the elite 2nd Parachute Brigade helped the ANC to finally defeat Schramme on 29 October 1967. The surviving rebel troops fled into Rwanda. A number of Katangese gendarmes fled into Angola, where they retained their loyalty to the Mwaant Yav, the traditional king of the Lunda people. The exiles were recruited by the Portuguese colonial authorities to fight against the Angolan guerrillas. Thomas Tshombe, the brother of Moise Tshombe and the current reigning Mwaant Yav, pressed for Schramme to be placed in charge of the Katangese exiles in Angola, a request refused by the Portuguese authorities who did not want such a well-known man in Angola. Later life On 24 April 1968 Schramme and all the other European mercenaries returned to Belgium. Almost 20 years later, on 17 April 1986, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison for a murder. Schramme was not living in Belgium at the time of the sentence: