his articles began to be published as books by Albin Michel through Henri Béraud, literary editor of Le Petit Parisien. Londres started investigative stories for Le Petit Parisien. In 1923, he went to the penal colony of Cayenne in French Guiana. Describing the horrors, his reports produced reactions in public opinion and the Establishment. (Au bagne, 1923) And the article continued: "I was taken to these places. I was taken aback by the novelty of the fact. I had never before seen fifty men in a cage. [...] They were getting ready for night. The place was swarming with them. They were free from five in the evening until five in the morning – inside their cage." Londres also denounced "doubling". "When a man is sentenced to five to seven years forced labour, once the sentence is completed, he must stay in Guyana for the same number of years. If the sentence is more than seven years, he must stay there for the rest of his life. How many jurors know that? The penal colony starts with freedom. During their sentence they are fed (badly), they are housed (badly), they are clothed (badly). A brilliant minimum when one considers what happens afterwards. Their five to seven years complete, they are shown the door, and that's it." During his stay in French Guiana, he visited Marie Bartête who was sentenced on 4 June 1888 for shoplifting. In 1938, Bartête would become the last woman to die in prison in the penal colony. In 1924 he investigated forced labour in North Africa, where military prisons welcomed convicts of courts-martial. He became interested in the Tour de France, which he saw as pitiless and intolerable physical exertion in this "Tour of Suffering", and criticised the rules. (Les Forçats de la route (The convicts of the road) and Tour de France, tour de souffrance (Tour de France, Tour of Suffering)) His next topic was the lunatic asylum. He exposed abuse of antipsychotics, sanitary and nutritional incompetence, and reminded readers that "Our duty is not to rid ourselves of the mad, but to rid the mad of their madness." (Chez les fous (With the Mad)) In 1928, still with the Petit Parisien, he travelled to Senegal and French Congo, and discovered that railway construction and exploitation of the forests was causing deaths among African workers. "They are the negroes of the negroes. The masters no