major economic policy statement, 'Beyond ESAP', criticising the Mugabe government's adoption of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP). The ESAP involved the introduction of neoliberal macroeconomic policies, at the encouragement of the World Bank. The ZCTU was the main force behind the formation of the opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change, established in 1999. The Secretary-General of the ZCTU, Morgan Tsvangirai, later became the President of the MDC. Affiliates As of January 2014 the following unions were affiliated to the ZCTU. Zimbabwe Pulp & Paper Workers' Union Zimbabwe Domestic & Allied Workers Union (ZDAWU) Zimbabwe Chemicals & Plastics Allied Workers' Union Zimbabwe Textile Workers Union (ZTWU) Zimbabwe Tobacco Industrial Workers’ Union (ZTIWU) Zimbabwe Metal, Energy & Allied Workers’ Union (ZMEAWU) Zimbabwe Security Guards Union (ZISEGU) Zimbabwe Banks & Allied Workers’ Union (ZIBAWU) Zimbabwe Furniture, Timber & Allied Trades Union (ZFTATU) Zimbabwe Educational Scientific, Social & Cultural Workers’ Union (ZESSCWU) Zimbabwe Catering & Hotel Workers’ Union (ZCHWU) Zimbabwe Construction and Allied Trades Workers’ Union Zimbabwe Urban Councils Workers’ Union (ZUCWU) Zimbabwe Union of Journalists Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Workers’ Union (ZARWU) Railway Association of Yard Operating Staff (RAYOS) Zimbabwe Railways Artisans Union (RAU) Railway Association of Enginemen (RAE) National Union of the Clothing Industry (NUCI) National Engineering Workers’ Union (NEWU) Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Workers’ Union of Zimbabwe (MVMWUZ) General Agriculture & Plantation Workers’ Union of Zimbabwe (GAPWUZ) Federation of Food & Allied Workers’ Union of Zimbabwe (FFAWUZ) Commercial Workers’ Union of Zimbabwe Cement, Lime & Allied Workers’ Union of Zimbabwe (CLAWUZ) References External links ZCTU website National federations of trade unions Trade unions in Zimbabwe Trade unions established in 1981 1981 establishments in Zimbabwe