by a New York court. However, many police officers argue that there has been substantive steps to root out racist practices. Chair's of the UK Black Police Associations stated that “open expressions of racism have largely disappeared. The New York City Police Department and other departments have also shifted to community-based policing models, hiring more officers of color and imposing implicit-bias training to root out racial tendencies. Some argue that covert racism manifests in how police officers are treated within the department. There is evidence that many minority officers that are eliminated during initial trainings, given assignments that do not advance their careers and even given unjust evaluations and discipline. Covert racism and the media Political advertising Covert racism in political advertising can take the form of racial priming or racial cues, which is when political leaders speak about certain topics and subtly link them to racial groups without explicitly referencing race. These cues bypass any conscious thought of race or racism, and therefore, do not explicitly violate the ‘norm of equality’. Some examples include Ronald Reagan nurturing implicit ties between subjects such as ‘big government’ with the demands of minorities for equality to imply that they were asking for special treatment, or George Bush's Revolving Door advertisement that included a photo of Willie Norton, said to strengthen subtle ties between Black people and increasing crime rates. These strategies can have the potential to simplify political decision making by activating racial thinking as a vital factor. Both anger and fear have been proposed as the emotional responses that prompt racial thinking in the viewers of these kinds of political advertisements, with fear stemming from white people having to share resources they see as scarce with minorities, or anger that manifests as blaming minorities for social issues. Even in more recent US elections, racial cues can be seen in political advertising. Some examples include Mitt Romney’s ‘Obama isn’t Working’ slogan In the 2012 elections, emphasizing the implicit use of the stereotype of black people being lazy to undermine Barack Obama's campaign and black people in general, and imply that they were gaining advantages at the expense of white people. However, in research surrounding race and the 2016 elections, some findings observe that more explicit racism, as opposed to implicit racial cues, have become more effective in driving white voters' choices. News One way covert racism in news media has been said