means "subjective". The verb (meaning "to miss", "to long for") is also derived from this word, and is a noun that means "longing". Some of the Turkish words are also compound words, such as: means "application". It is derived from (meaning "head") and (meaning "hitting"), so the literal English translation of this compound word would be "head-hitting" means "foot", and means "container", and the compound word means foot-container, "shoe". means "main", and means "law", and the compound word means "constitution". means "self", and means "giving", and the compound word means "altruism, self-sacrifice". means "big", and means "messenger", and the compound word means "ambassador". means "cutting", means "house", and means "slaughterhouse". For more information, see the related article: Turkish vocabulary. Lists of replaced loanwords Loanwords of Arabic origin The list gives the Ottoman Turkish word, the modern spelling of the word in Turkish (as suggested by TDK), the modern Turkish equivalent, and its meaning in English. Arabs also used the following words as loanwords for their language. * Old words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts. ** New words that are not as frequently used as the old words. Loanwords of French origin French words started to infiltrate the Turkish language in the 1800s, when administrative reforms (Tanzimat) started taking place in the Ottoman Empire. The extent of French influence was such that the number of French loanwords was close to 5,000. Most of the French loanwords are still widely used in Turkish today. * Words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts. Loanwords of Persian origin The list gives the Ottoman Turkish word, the modern spelling of the word in Turkish (as suggested by TDK), the modern Turkish equivalent, and its meaning in English. Most of the original Persian words are still widely used in modern Turkish. In fact, there are over 1,500 Persian words in Turkish. However, for many of the Persian words (unlike Arabic words), there is no TDK-prescribed equivalent. TDK did not put as much effort into replacing Persian words as it did for Arabic words, largely because the Persian words were better assimilated into the language. Arabic language and culture is general perceived by Turks to be more "foreign" than Persian language and culture, which had a native presence in Anatolia since the time of the Achaemenids, and was patronised for millennia afterwards