uniforms in the Soviet Army and the Navy). From 7 November 1944 the stars were pinned direct (symmetrically to the piping) on piping. Russian Federation If military personnel serves in a guards formation, or on a guards war ship, to the rank designation will be placed in front the noun guards (e.g. "Gurds podpolkovnik"). Civil – or military personnel with a specific defined level of expertise or knowledge in medical or judicial professions, to the military rank will be added the noun "legal or the wording "medical service". Further adding to the military rank designation might be "retired" or "on retirement". Personnel serving in the executive of the Russian Federation might be specified by rank designation as follows. Podpolkovnik of the Police (until March 1, 2011 Podpolkovnik of the Militsiya) Podpolkovnik of the Internal Troops Podpolkovnik Investigation of Tax Offence Lieutenant colonel's insignia See also Lieutenant (Eastern Europe) Colonel (Eastern Europe) Lieutenant colonel general Comparative army officer ranks of Europe References Military ranks Military ranks of Poland Military ranks of Russia Military ranks of Ukraine Military ranks of the Soviet Union