Sant'Alberto di Butrio of Ponte Nizza, in the province of Pavia. In the same year of the discovery, it was paraded during the historical procession of the Palio di Legnano. The specialis magister The specialis magister, who took care of the maintenance of the carroccio, was paid by the municipality, for his service, 8 soldi a day. In addition to checking the functionality of the wagon, the specialis magister participated in the war actions in which the carroccio was involved by dressing armor and carrying a sword. On the carroccio, a chaplain was also present, whose function was to celebrate Mass on the altar placed on the carroccio. Also this religious figure, together with that of the cleric, was paid by the municipality. In literature The first literary trace of the carroccio appears in the poem by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a French troubadour of the 12th century, entitled "Il Carros", where the man of letters, turning his flattery to Beatrice, daughter of Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat, states that the Lombard women rivals in the beauty of the girl they use a carroccio and other chariots to "fight" the growing fame of the girl. Giacomo da Lentini, an imperial official of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dealt with the carroccio in the song Ben m'è venuto, which is a poetic piece of love inspired by the poems of the troubadours and probably composed before the battle of Cortenuova (between 1233 and 1237). The carroccio in the modern era Posthumous meaning Since the carroccio is a signum, in modern times it has become a symbol of ideas, hopes and different meanings, very often as anti-tyrannical propaganda during the period of the Signorias, up to Romanticism and the Risorgimento, where it became the symbol of the struggle against the foreign occupation. Important promoters of these ideas were Massimo d'Azeglio, Giovanni Berchet, Amos Cassioli, Francesco Hayez. Giosuè Carducci and Giovanni Pascoli recalled, with the Canzone di Legnano and Canzone del carroccio, the splendors of medieval Italian comunes, a concept that was later taken up also by the writings of Gabriele D'Annunzio. Commemorations In festivals and historical re-enactments, very often, the pivotal figure is represented by the carroccio: In the Palio di Siena (2 July – 16 August) the carroccio, which parades with the black-and-white sock of the municipality, carries the Palio (also known as "cencio"), or a painted silk drapery, prize of the