and are characterized by strong partnerships with P-12 and community college practitioners. Currently 702 educational leaders are enrolled in these programs. During his administration, the CSU developed an integrated technology system for all the campuses and the Chancellor's Office, which became known as the Common Management System or CMS. Prior to the CMS project, the campuses had individual "legacy" systems in the areas of financials and student administration, but no system in human resources. The systems differed by campus, were antiquated, and often were not integrated; additionally many were obsolete and no longer serviced by vendors. They did not provide the level of service needed to run a system of the size and scope of the CSU. It was concluded that it was more cost-effective and beneficial to acquire and implement a new system common to all the campuses than to have a patchwork of outdated individual systems. A review by the California Bureau of State Audit determined the Chancellor's Office did not do a cost-benefit analysis or feasibility study before proceeding. Nevertheless, the CSU used the audit's recommendations to improve the implementation of the system. Criticisms Reed has been criticized during his tenure. The San Francisco Chronicle in 2009 questioned his hiring of outside consultants to track legislation. Current and past university officials stated that the practice was necessary due to the size and complexity of policy and budget matters facing the system. Others have raised pointed questions about the deteriorating conditions of the CSU's faculty under his leadership. The CSU system's total number of tenure track faculty was at its lowest level in over a decade by the final year of Reed's term in office, and made up just 42% of the system's total faculty. Other roles Reed serves on the boards or in other leadership capacities for many organizations including Urban Serving Universities, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, the National Center for Educational Accountability, The College Board, and EdVoice. He has served internationally and nationally as a consultant, conference leader, and keynote speaker on education and related subjects. Retirement and death On May 24, 2012, after 14 years as CSU chancellor, Reed announced his retirement, leaving office at the end of December 2012, being succeeded by Timothy P. White. On December 6, 2016, Reed died at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at age 75. References