Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach, Austria-Hungary – January 17, 1968, Vienna, Austria) was a politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920-1933 and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat militia "Republikanischer Schutzbund" (Republican Defense Association). Leader of the Schutzbund Julius Deutsch founded the "Schutzbund" in 1923 as an answer to the paramilitary organization "Heimwehr" (Home Guard), which was ideologically related to the Christian Social Party. He remained its leader until its destruction in 1934. Schutzbund members were primarily recruited out of the "Deutschösterreichische Volkswehr" (German-Austrian People's Guard). It had been organized by Deutsch himself as Under Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (November 1918 until March 1919) and as Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (March 1919 until October 1920). After the defeat of the Republican Guard during the Austrian Civil War of 1934 and the following ban on the Social Democrats, he fled to the city of Brno in Czechoslovakia. Emigration From 1936 until 1939 Deutsch fought as General of the Republican troops in the Spanish Civil War. 1939 he moved to Paris and worked for the foreign representation of the Austrian Socialists (AVOES). After the occupation of France by National Socialist Germany, Deutsch, who was of Jewish descent, had to emigrate again, this time to the United States of America. He returned to Austria in 1946. Deutsch was also the President of the Socialist Workers' Sport International. Deutsch was married three times, to Josefine Schall, the mother of Grethe/Gretl Deutsch, b. 1908; to Maria Herzmansky b. 1884 mother of Hedwig (Hexi) Kramer; and to the novelist Adrienne Thomas, b. 1897. After his death, a Vienna apartment complex "Julius-Deutsch-Hof" was named in his honor. Julius Deutsch was also an uncle of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, a renowned German-American social and political scientist; the grandfather of Canadian economist Gerald Karl Helleiner; and great-grandfather of Canadian political scientist Eric Helleiner. Works Julius Deutsch: Antifascism, Sports, Sobriety: Forging a Militant Working-Class Culture. Selected Writings. Edited and translated by Gabriel Kuhn. PM Press: Oakland, 2017. Julius Deutsch: Antifascism. Proletarian ability to put up a fight in the battle against Fascism. Vienna 1926 in "Aufbau": The political emigration speaks (Die politische Emigration spricht), Jg. 8. 1942, Nr. 14 (3. April 1942), S. 5 New Austria (Das neue Oesterreich), Jg. 9. 1943, Nr. 45 (5. November 1943), S. 1 The new Government