as spurious by Wagner (1950), but as "one of the documentary pillars of fourteenth-century military studies" by Ayton (1994). Powell's Roll is an English roll dating from c.1345–1351. Salisbury Roll is an English roll in two similar versions: the "Original Roll" dating from c. 1463, in the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch, a descendant of the Montagu family; and the later "Copy A", made c.1483–5, in the collection of the British Library, catalogued as Add MS 45133. It contains coats of arms of the Montagu family, Earls of Salisbury. "Copy A" was formerly in the collection of Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Garter King of Arms 1505–34 and later was owned by William Smith, Rector of Melsonby (d.1735). Parts are now in the British Library in London. French The Bigot Roll is a French roll dating from 1254, containing 300 coats. The Armorial Wijnbergen is a French roll published in two parts (Part 1, c. 1265–1270; Part 2, c. 1270–1285), containing 1,312 painted coats. It resided for a while at the Royal Dutch Association of Genealogy & Heraldry, but has been returned; the present owners are not known. The Chifflet-Prinet Roll is a French roll dating from c. 1285–1298, containing 147 coats with blazons. Armorial du Hérault Vermandois is a French roll of arms dating from c. 1285–1300, containing 1,076 blazons. Armorial Le Breton, with 580 coats of arms (230 of which are not identified), c. 1292, with addition of 144 coats of arms in the 15th century, and another 15 added c. 1530. Armorial Bellenville by Claes Heinen (1386), 1,738 coats of arms Grand Armorial équestre de la Toison d'or, an armorial of the members of the Order of the Golden Fleece between 1429 and 1461, commissioned by a herald in the Duchy of Burgundy. Holy Roman Empire The oldest collections of coats of arms are preserved not in manuscript form, but in the form of heraldic friezes, painted on walls or wooden beams, derived from the earlier practice of hanging guest's heraldic shields on walls on festive occasions. Among the oldest such friezes preserved is the one at Valère Basilica, Valais, dated 1224. The oldest collection of blazons, Latin descriptions of coats of arms, of the Holy Roman Empire is Clipearius Teutonicorum by Conrad of Mure, dated 1260–64. Turino armorial (1312), descriptions of 119 coats of arms of the attendants of the coronation of Henry VII. The coats of