affricate (d͡ʒ) which does not exist in Spanish orthography. Thus, Chipileño Veneto orthography follows the Italian model in this respect e.g. génderna (nit), giazh (ice), giozh (drop) or giust (right) f) ‘que’ or ‘qui’ represent the voiceless velar stop (k) when followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’ and with ‘c’ when followed by ‘a’, ‘o’, and ‘u’. This follows the Spanish model e.g. quizha (glandular inflammation), cavar su (tear), bianc (white) g) ‘gue’ and ‘gui’ represent the voiced velar stop (ɡ) when followed by ‘e’ and ‘i’ and ‘g’ when followed by ‘a’, ‘o’, and ‘u’ e.g. (swirl), galozhada (kick), góder (enjoy), guzá (sharp) h) represents the semiconsonant (j/y) when it is in a clear consonantal position e.g. yozha (drop), it does not form part of a diphthong. Vowels Consonants Phonology In Chipileño there are 21 consonants, one more consonant (/x/) than in Segusino Venetian. The consonants in IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) are the following: Furthermore, there is no longer the opposition between /b/ and /v/ between the younger generations of speakers due to the influence of Spanish. Grammar Chipilo Venetan follows the common word order of Romance languages, subject-verb-object. This is used in common declarative clauses, although the subject after the verb is common as well. Nonetheless, the language presents SVO order as the least marked and most common. Articles are divided into definite and indefinite. The definite articles of this variant are: al 'the' (masculine singular) i 'the' (masculine plural) la 'the' (feminine singular) le 'the' (feminine plural). Indefinite articles are: an 'a', (masculine singular) ni 'some' (masculine plural) na 'a', or 'some' (feminine singular and plural). The independent personal pronouns in Chipileño have their own accent. These are: me 'I' tí 'you' (informal) vú 'you' (formal) lú 'he' (informal) éla 'her' (formal) nuatri 'we' (formal) nuatre 'us' (formal) vuatri 'you (masculine) vuatre 'you (feminine) luri 'they' (plural) ele 'them' (plural). Literature The novel Al prim (The first), written by Eduardo Montagner Anguiano, is the first prose book written in Veneto Chipileño. With this work, great steps have been taken in the graphization of a minority language that was in the process of disappearing. Montagner also writes poetry in Chipileño. In 2010, he published Ancora fon ora, a compilation of his stories and poems in chipileño. See also Italian Mexican Talian dialect (Brazilian Venetian) Venetian language Italian Immigration to Mexico References External links Chipilo Venetan dialect by Eduardo Montagner