arrested. He advised Arabs against violence, urging them instead to adopt the "discipline, silence, and courage" of their opponents. In his absence, a military court sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment. In Damascus, al-Aref became a deputy to the General Syrian Congress and with Hajj Amin and others formed al-Jam'iyya al-'Arabiyya al-Filastiniyya (Palestinian Arab Society). He became its Secretary-General and campaigned against the decisions of the San Remo conference. After the French invasion of Syria in July 1920, he fled to Transjordan. He returned to Jerusalem late in 1920 after being pardoned by the new British High Commissioner of Palestine, Herbert Samuel, but the government refused to allow his newspaper to reopen. Political career In 1921, he was appointed as a district Officer of the British administration by the Civil Secretary, Colonel Wyndham Deedes. He served in that capacity in Jenin, Nablus, Beisan, and Jaffa. In 1926 he was seconded to the Government of Transjordan as Chief Secretary, where he served for three years. However he continued his political activities on the side to the displeasure of his British superior. He returned to Palestine in 1929, where he served as District Officer in Beersheba and later in Gaza. In 1933 he received a special commendation from the High Commissioner for keeping his district quiet during a time of disturbances elsewhere. In 1942 he was promoted and transferred to al-Bireh. He continued as a Mandate official until 1948. Upon Jordanian control of the West Bank, al-Aref was first appointed military governor of Ramallah governorate, and then, from 1949 to 1955, served as mayor of East Jerusalem. In 1967, he was appointed director of the Palestine Archaeological Museum (Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem. Published works All following books have been published in Arabic, unless mentioned otherwise, and the English titles are literal translations of the Arabic ones. [The] Bedouin Law/Bedouin Judiciary (Al Qadaa bayn al Badou), 1933; new edition published in Beirut, 2001 History of Beersheba and its Tribes (Tarikh B’ir al-Sabi‘ wa Qabailiha), Jerusalem 1934. Probably identical with "The Bedouin Love, Law and Legend: History of Beersheba and Its Tribes", 1934 My Vision (Ru'yay), Jerusalem 1943 History of Gaza (Tarikh Ghazza), Jerusalem 1943 Gazan-Jerusalemite History (Tarigh Ghaza-Al Quds), Jerusalem 1943 'Aref el-'Aref, in collaboration with/editor Harold W. Tilley, in English. Bedouin Love, Law and Legend, Dealing Exclusively with the Badu of Beersheba. Jerusalem 1944. Also listed as Bedouin Love, Law and Legend: