References August Karl Muggenthaler : German Raiders of World War II (1977) Paul Schmalenbach : German Raiders 1895-1945 (1977 ) Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol I (1954) ISBN (none) 1890s births 1948 deaths Military personnel from Hamburg Reichsmarine personnel Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I U-boat commanders (Imperial German Navy) Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen) Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class German people convicted of war crimes German people who died in prison custody Prisoners who died in British military detention Kriegsmarine personnel Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class