Birches, Betula species, are used as food plants by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species including: Monophagous Species which feed exclusively on Betula Bucculatricidae leaf-miners: Bucculatrix canadensisella Bucculatrix coronatella Coleophoridae Several Coleophora case-bearer species: C. betulella – only known from silver birch (B. pendula) and downy birch (B. pubescens) C. cornuta C. hornigi C. lentella C. milvipennis Notodontidae Leucodonta bicoloria (white prominent) Polyphagous Species which feed on Betula and other plants Bedelliidae Bedellia somnulentella – recorded on paper birch (B. papyrifera) Bucculatricidae Bucculatrix demaryella Coleophoridae Several Coleophora case-bearer species: C. albovanescens C. anatipennella C. binderella C. comptoniella C. fuscedinella C. fuscocuprella C. ibipennella C. malivorella C. orbitella C. persimplexella C. piperata – recorded on red birch (B. occidentalis) C. potentillae C. pruniella C. serratella C. siccifolia Endromidae Endromis versicolora Drepanidae Drepana binaria (oak hook-tip) Gelechiidae Chionodes viduella Geometridae Agriopis marginaria (dotted border) Alcis repandata (mottled beauty) Biston betularia (peppered moth) Biston strataria (oak beauty) Cabera exanthemata (common wave) Cabera pusaria (common white wave) Campaea margaritata (light emerald) Chloroclysta truncata (common marbled carpet) Colotois pennaria (feathered thorn) Crocallis elinguaria (scalloped oak) Ectropis crepuscularia (engrailed) Epirrita autumnata (autumnal moth) Epirrita christyi (pale November moth) Epirrita dilutata (November moth) Erannis defoliaria (mottled umber) Eupithecia subfuscata (grey pug) Geometra papilionaria (large emerald) Hemithea aestivaria (common emerald) Lomaspilis marginata (clouded border) Odontopera bidentata (scalloped hazel) Operophtera brumata (winter moth) Opisthograptis luteolata (brimstone moth) Peribatodes rhomboidaria (willow beauty) – leaves Selenia tetralunaria (purple thorn) Hepialidae Gazoryctra wielgusi Korscheltellus gracilis (conifer swift) Sthenopis argenteomaculatus Lymantriidae Euproctis chrysorrhoea (brown-tail) Euproctis similis (yellow-tail) Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) – recorded on paper birch (B. papyrifera) and gray birch (B. populifolia) Noctuidae Acronicta leporina (miller) Acronicta psi (grey dagger) Acronicta tridens (dark dagger) Cosmia trapezina (dun-bar) Euplexia lucipara (small angle shades) Eupsilia transversa (satellite) Melanchra persicariae (dot moth) – recorded on silver birch (B. pendula) Noctua comes (lesser yellow underwing) Orthosia gothica (Hebrew character) Panolis flammea (pine beauty) Phlogophora meticulosa (angle shades) Xestia triangulum (double square-spot) Notodontidae Nadata gibbosa (rough prominent) Phalera bucephala (buff-tip) Ptilodon capucina (coxcomb prominent) Nymphalidae Limenitis arthemis (American white admiral/red-spotted purple) – prefers sweet birch (B. lenta) over yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis) Saturniidae Actias luna (luna moth) Pavonia pavonia (emperor moth) Sphingidae Ceratomia amyntor (elm sphinx) Laothoe populi (poplar hawk-moth) Mimas tiliae (lime hawk-moth) Smerinthus jamaicensis (twin-spotted sphinx) Tortricidae Syndemis musculana External links Birches Lepidoptera