analyse these free-text portions. The MedLEE system was originally developed for analysis of chest radiology reports but later extended to other report topics. The clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System, or cTAKES, annotates clinical text using a dictionary of concepts. The CLAMP system offers similar functionality with a user-friendly interface. Frameworks Computational frameworks have been developed to rapidly build tools for biomedical text mining tasks. SwellShark is a framework for biomedical NER that requires no human-labeled data but does make use of resources for weak supervision (e.g., UMLS semantic types). The SparkText framework uses Apache Spark data streaming, a NoSQL database, and basic machine learning methods to build predictive models from scientific articles. APIs Some biomedical text mining and natural language processing tools are available through application programming interfaces, or APIs. NOBLE Coder performs concept recognition through an API. Conferences The following academic conferences and workshops host discussions and presentations in biomedical text mining advances. Most publish proceedings. Journals A variety of academic journals publishing manuscripts on biology and medicine include topics in text mining and natural language processing software. Some journals, including the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) and the Journal of Biomedical Informatics are popular publications for these topics. References Further reading Biomedical Literature Mining Publications (BLIMP) : A comprehensive and regularly updated index of publications on (bio)medical text mining External links Bio-NLP resources, systems and application database collection The BioNLP mailing list archives Corpora for biomedical text mining The BioCreative evaluations of biomedical text mining technologies Directory of people involved in BioNLP Data mining Bioinformatics Text mining Clinical data management