which are known from complete skulls, however, most analyses vary widely regarding which species are actually velociraptorines and which are dromaeosaurines. Turner and colleagues in 2012 supported a traditional, monophyletic composition of Velociraptorinae. However, some studies found a very different group of dromaeosaurids in Velociraptorinae, such as Longrich and Currie in 2009, which recovered Deinonychus outside of the Velociraptorine and Dromaeosaurinae. Traditionally, Adasaurus was assigned to the Dromaeosaurinae, which includes giant, heavily built animals such as Achillobator and Utahraptor but several analyses have suggested that it belongs to the Velociraptorinae instead. Below is a cladogram based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by James G. Napoli and colleagues in 2021: Paleobiology Paleopathology In 1997, Norell and Makovicky stated that the holotype specimen of Adasaurus represents a largely pathologic (due to injury or disease) individual. They reaffirmed this observation in 2004 by claiming the pelvis as pathological. However, during the large revision of the Dromaeosauridae by Turner and colleagues in 2012, the holotype was re-examined and found to be non-pathological. Instead of reflect injured elements, several surfaces may represent the advanced age of the individual, such as the fused upper ends of the metatarsus. Sickle claw function Kubota and Barsbold in 2006 stated that the highly reduced sickle claw of Adasaurus may have been used with less frequency than other deinonychosaurs as the bottom surface of lower heel on the penultimate phalanx has no apparent asymmetrical ridges like other dromaeosaurids and troodontids. In 2011, Denver Fowler and colleagues suggested a new method by which dromaeosaurids may have taken smaller prey. This predation model, "Raptor Prey Restraint" (RPR), proposes that dromaeosaurids killed their prey by leaping onto their quarry, pinning it under their body weight, and gripping it tightly with the large, sickle claws of the pedal digit II—in a manner very similar to extant accipitrid birds of prey. Like accipitrids, the dromaeosaurid would then begin to feed on the animal while still alive, until it eventually died from blood loss and organ failure. This proposal is based primarily on comparisons between the morphology and proportions of the feet and legs of dromaeosaurids to several groups of extant birds of prey with fairly known predatory behaviors. Fowler and colleagues found that the feet and legs of dromaeosaurids most closely resemble those of eagles and hawks, especially in terms of having an enlarged second claw and a similar range of grasping motion, but the