Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul as the most important exporters of these products. Geography Petrolina is situated on the left (northern) bank of the São Francisco River, in the interior semi-arid Sertão subregion, at an elevation of 376 m. On the other side of the river sits Juazeiro, in state of Bahia, and together the cities form an integrated metropolitan area. The two cities, making up an urban area of almost 700,000 people, are connected by the President Dutra Bridge. The Sobradinho Dam is located 26 km up river, and creates the Sobradinho Reservoir, the 34th largest reservoir by volume in the world. The municipality was designated a priority area for conservation and sustainable use when the Caatinga Ecological Corridor was created in 2006. Distances to other Brazilian cities Salvador Recife (state capital) Brasília Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Climate Petrolina's climate is very hot and dry, being classified as hot semi-arid (Köppen climate classification BSh). Petrolina is located in the semi-arid Sertão belt of the Northeastern Region of Brazil that has a distinctively erratic and seasonal rainfall. The rainy season begins in November and ends in April. After that, the climate is still dry until October, and in many years there is very little rain even during the rainy season. Demographics Population As of the last census conducted in 2010, the population was 293,962, of which 219,215 lived in an urban area, with the remaining 74,747 lived in rural areas. As of 2020, the estimated population is 354,317. Of the population in 2010, 83,360 inhabitants (28.36%) were under the age of 15, 196,957 people were aged between 15 and 64 years (67.00%), 13,645 people were over 65 years of age (4.64%). Life expectancy in the municipality was 73 years and the total fertility rate was 2.2 children per woman. The Human Development Index (HDI) of Petrolina was 0.697, classified as "medium" by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), sixth highest among the municipalities of the state and the highest in the interior of Pernambuco. Petrolina and Juazeiro, in Bahia, are part of a metropolitan area called a "Region of Integrated Development" (), with a population of 686,410 in 2010. Poverty and inequality The poverty line in Brazil is defined in federal government programs as R$140 per month. In 2010, 20.9% of the population lived with an income below the poverty line. Despite a large reduction in