as an inspiration for many future city plans. For example, in the 16th century, Renaissance military engineers and architects combined Filarete's ideal city schemes with defensive fortifications deriving from a more sociopolitical agenda. This notion of combining the ideal and the fortified city became widely disseminated throughout Europe and beyond. Notes References Mumford, Lewis. 1961. The City in History: Its Origins and Transformations, and its Prospects. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Filarete, (1965). Filarete's Treatise on Architecture: Being the Treatise by Antonio di Piero Averlino, Known as Filarete. Originally composed in Milan c. 1460 - c. 1464. Translated by John R. Spencer. Facsimile ed. 2 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965. A short biography. An essay on Filarete and da Vinci's theories of city planning and architecture. A description of the center door. Peter J. Murray, 1963. The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance (London: Batsford), pp 100ff. Plan of Sforzinda Fred Luminoso, 2000. "The Ideal City: Then and Now" "Sforzinda: progetto di città ideale" (in Italian) The Filarete Door at stpetersbasilica.info Alighieri, Dante. De Monarchia. c. 1312 "Il Filarete." International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. St. James Press, 1993. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009. http://0-galenet.galegroup.com.ilsprod.lib.neu.edu/servlet/BioRC Kostof, Spiro. The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1991. Kostof, Spiro. The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1991. Andreas Beyer: "Künstlerfreunde - Künstlerfeinde. Anmerkungen zu einem Topos der Künstler- und Kunstgeschichte", (on Filarete's Portal in St Peter's in Rome), in Andreas Beyer: Die Kunst - zur Sprache gebracht, Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, Berlin 2017, pp. 64–82. Lang, S. The Ideal City from Plato to Howard. Architectural Review 112. Aug. 1952, pp 95–96 Madanipour, Ali. Designing the City of Reason: Foundation and Frameworks. New York: Routledge, 2007 Roeder, Helen. “The Borders of Filarete's Bronze Doors to St. Peters”. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 10, (1947), pp. 150–153. Glass, Robert. "Filarete's Hilaritas: Claiming Authorship and Status on the Doors of St. Peter's." The Art Bulletin 94, no. 4 (2012): 548-71. Architectural theoreticians Italian Renaissance writers Italian architecture writers Italian male non-fiction writers Renaissance architects 15th-century Italian architects Italian sculptors Italian male sculptors Architects from Florence 1400s births 1460s deaths