king James was in his early twenties. Among the camp who supported the earlier dating was scholar Rita Lejeune, who ventured to suggest that the romance may have been one of the sources that Chrétien de Troyes drew upon. But that prospect is discounted by the majority of scholars, who believe rather that Jaufre was a work by poet(s) who came afterwards and gained "intimate knowledge" Chrétien's works. The literary style also points to a later date, for instance, King Arthur is portrayed in somewhat negative light, and a "certain stiflement of adventures". Texts and translations There are two complete manuscripts of the text: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, français 2164 (designated A), illustrated, dating from c. 1300; and Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, français 12571 (designated B), an early 14th-century exemplar by an Italian copyist. Five fragments have also survived. Among modern editions, those that use ms. A as the base text include 's (1943), as well as René Lavaud and René Nelli's (1960) with facing translation in modern French. The ms. B text appeared in an abridged form (c. 8900 lines) in Raynouard's Lexique Roman (1838), but later published complete in Hermann Breuer edition (1925). A critical text using B as base by Charmaine Lee (2006) is also openly available in electronic format. The first modern translation was by published 1856, illustrated with twenty woodcut engravings by Gustave Doré, using the abridged ms. B text printed in Raynouard's Lexique Roman. The Mary-Lafon translation was set in English that same year by Alfred Elwes, printed in London as Jaufry the Knight and the Fair Brunissende (1856), with an American edition printed in New York (1857). Ross G. Arthur's English translation follows the ms. A text. Early adaptations In the 16th century, the Occitan romance was adapted into French prose by Claude Platin, who incorporated elements of another romance, Renaud de Beaujeu's Le Bel Inconnu. The resulting mélange was published under the title L'hystoire de Giglan filz de messire Gauvain qui fut roy de Galles. Et de Geoffroy de Maience son compaignon, tous deux chevaliers de la Table ronde (Lyons, c. 1530). But Schofield found that 1539 edition was actually published by "Hilles et Jaques Huguetan frères" in Lyons. Plantin's version was later given an 18-page summary entitled "Geoffroy de Mayence" in the (1777) by the Comte de Tressan. A 16th century Spanish prose version also appeared, commonly referred to as in shorthand (first