Congelation (from Latin: , ) was a term used in medieval and early modern alchemy for the process known today as crystallization. In the ('The Secret of Alchemy') attributed to Khalid ibn Yazid (), it is one of "the four principal operations", along with Solution, Albification ('whitening'), and Rubification ('reddening'). It was one of the twelve alchemical operations involved in the creation of the philosophers' stone as described by Sir George Ripley () in his Compound of Alchymy, as well as by Antoine-Joseph Pernety in his Dictionnaire mytho-hermétique (1758). See also Alchemical process Magnum opus (alchemy) References Works cited Alchemical processes