that suppressing fire and allowing natural seed dispersal to occur can encourage forest regeneration. Another study evaluated the use of exotic pine and cypress tree plantations as a forest restoration technique within the park. This study showed a high level of natural regeneration of indigenous trees within pine plantations most likely due to the use of these plantations by seed dispersing animals such as redtail monkeys, chimpanzees, duikers, and bushpigs, all of which were sited or tracked within the plantations. Wild coffee project Robusta coffee grows natively in the Kibale forest area. From 1999 to 2002 an effort was made to commercialize this coffee as a premium consumer brand, emulating and extending the success of shade grown in Central America. Revenue from the coffee production was intended to finance conservation management activities. Initial funding for project development came from USAID. The project was implemented with funding from the Ford Foundation and $750,000 from the World Bank Global Environment Facility. The project had initial success in setting up local production standards and procedures and control infrastructure. Initially it was led by the Uganda Coffee Trade Federation, until the independent US-based non-profit Kibale Forest Foundation was created to take over the project. Sustainable annual yield was estimated at . Organic certification was delivered by the Swedish KRAV labeling firm. It was subsequently discovered that there was no demand for the product, as the robusta variety is perceived as inferior to arabica coffee typically demanded by the premium market. Various blending schemes were turned down by coffee distributors. Project leaders estimated that $800,000 in marketing expenditure would be required to create demand. External links Uganda Wildlife Authority Kibale Forest National Park Research Opportunities at the Makerere University Biological Field Station, Uganda Visitor Guide to Kibale Forest National Park Things to Do in Kibale Forest National Park Wikimapia Location See also Kibaale District References Sources: "Kibale Forest". National Parks of East Africa. N.p., 2010. Web. 24 Sept 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003342/http://kibalenationalpark.com/information.html>. National parks of Uganda Protected areas established in 1993 Kabarole District Kibaale District 1993 establishments in Uganda Forestry in Uganda Important Bird Areas of Uganda Albertine Rift montane forests