below), but sentences without personal pronouns are common. There is no gender in the personal pronouns and verbal indexes. Subject and object personal pronouns are identical. Pronouns are more restricted than nouns when appearing in a possessive construction. Pronouns cannot be proceeded by a possessive unlike nouns. Nouns There are definite articles in Chitmacha. Nouns are mostly uninflected, there are only approximately 30 nouns (mostly kinship or referring to persons) which distinguish a singular or plural form through a plural suffix or other formations. Nouns are free, or may be possessed by juxtaposing the possessor and the possessed noun. ʔiš ʔinž̹i = my father ("I father") was ʔasi ʔinž̹i = that man's father ("that man father") Sample Sentences The following sentences and translations are from the book "Modern Chitimacha (Sitimaxa)" (2008), endorsed by the Chitimata Tribal government's Cultural Department. References External links OLAC resources in and about the Chitimacha language Chitimacha Language isolates of North America Languages of the United States Extinct languages of North America Indigenous languages of the North American Southeast Native American language revitalization Languages extinct in the 1940s 1940 disestablishments in Louisiana