2 to 5 Mt. Operation Hardtack I (1958) Thirty-five weapons were detonated at the Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll, and Johnston Island as part of Operation Hardtack I in 1958. Operation Dominic (1962) Thirty-six weapons were detonated at sites in the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Christmas Island and Johnston Atoll as part of Operation Dominic I. Though these tests were not conducted in the Marshall Islands, they are officially considered part of the Pacific Proving Grounds. The portion of the Dominic series of tests that were high altitude nuclear explosions were known as Operation Fishbowl, though not all were successful (one detonated on launchpad and resulted in a substantial plutonium contamination). Two of the tests were of operational weapons systems—the ASROC anti-submarine rocket and the Polaris SLBM (the latter test, Frigate Bird, was the only operational submarine-launched ballistic missile test with a live warhead ever undertaken by the USA). Partial Test Ban Treaty The signing of the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963 forbade atmospheric and underwater nuclear weapons, and so no further U.S. tests were conducted at the Pacific Proving Grounds, with all but ten occurring at the Nevada Test Site until the end of testing in 1992. Geographical names The Bikini and Enewetak Atolls are each a collection of islands. Various names have been assigned to the islands over time, and the confusion over the names (and their alternate transliterations) have been the source of much confusion, and in addition, over time islands appear, disappear, separate and join, and are excavated by bombs. Here are the islands listed in clockwise fashion starting with left side of the major inlet into the lagoon in each atoll. The names include the official Marshall Island names, the American military names used after occupation through the atomic testing period, and the Japanese names used while they occupied the islands during World War II, plus names gleaned from other sources. See also Nuclear weapons of the United States Nuclear labor issues Explanatory notes References External links "Gallery of U.S. Nuclear Tests" at Carey Sublette's NuclearWeaponArchive.org The Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE)Chapter 12: The Marshallese Bikini Atoll official website Republic of the Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal American nuclear test sites Nuclear weapons infrastructure of the United States Proving grounds Bikini Atoll Enewetak Atoll Nuclear test sites Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1947 establishments in the United States 1947 establishments