Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824. The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaii, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny. The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth). Species {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores Claoxylon albicans - Philippines Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands) Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E Indonesia Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores Claoxylon glandulosum - Mauritius Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands †Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea Claoxylon linostachys