in front of the pawn, it cannot be driven away from the file, and the pawn cannot queen. Black can always draw if he can reach the c8-square for an a-pawn (pawn on the a-file), or the equivalent f8 for an h-pawn, except for the position in the next diagram, with White to move. Therefore, an advanced rook pawn generally has two key squares: b7 and b8 for an a-pawn, and g7 and g8 for an h-pawn. The key squares are indicated by the black dots in the position in the diagram. If White's king can reach either of the two key squares, he can keep Black's king away and the pawn will promote. If the Black king can reach any of the squares marked with a dot or a cross, it stops the pawn. The pawn can also promote in the position on the right (if White is to move), after 1. h7 However, in practice most of the time the black king can stop a rook pawn because it is usually close enough that the white king cannot prevent it from getting in front of the pawn (or capturing it). Examples from games The game Oscar Panno–Miguel Najdorf, Buenos Aires 1968, continued 59. Kg4 Kc7 60. Kg5 and White won because the white king can reach the key square g7. Black resigned in light of 60... Kd7 61. Kg6 Ke7 If 61...Ke6, then 62.h4; not 62.Kg7 because 62...Kf5! wins the pawn. 62. Kg7 Moving to a key square, the only move to win. 62... Ke6 63. h4 Kf5 64. h5 The only move to win. The king protects the pawn as it promotes. If Black was to move in this position, he would draw by reaching the f8-square and preventing the white king from getting to a key square, and the pawn cannot promote. This position from a game between Gedeon Barcza and future world champion Bobby Fischer was a draw. (White's 96.Kd2 followed by 97.Kc1 draws.) Pawns other than rook pawns Pawns other than rook pawns have a much better chance of promoting. If the pawn is on the second, third, or fourth rank, there are three key squares – the square two squares in front of the pawn and the squares to the left and right of that square. The key squares are indicated by the black dots, for example see the diagram on the left.