oxy-fuel plant using circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) technology. Babcock-ThermoEnergy's Zero Emission Boiler System (ZEBS) is oxy-combustion-based; this system features near 100% carbon-capture and according to company information virtually no air-emissions. Other carbon capture and storage technologies include those that dewater low-rank coals. Low-rank coals often contain a higher level of moisture content which contains a lower energy content per tonne. This causes a reduced burning efficiency and an increased emissions output. Reduction of moisture from the coal prior to combustion can reduce emissions by up to 50 percent. Demonstration projects in the United States In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began conducting a joint program with the industry and State agencies to demonstrate clean coal technologies large enough for commercial use. The program, called the Clean Coal Technology & Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI), has had a number of successes that have reduced emissions and waste from coal-based electricity generation. The National Energy Technology Laboratory has administered three rounds of CCPI funding and the following projects were selected during each round: Round 1 CCPI Projects Advanced Multi-Product Coal Utilization By-Product Processing Plant Demonstration of Integrated Optimization Software at the Baldwin Energy Complex Gilberton Coal-to-Clean Fuels and Power Co-Production Project Increasing Power Plant Efficiency: Lignite Fuel Enhancement TOXECON Retrofit for Mercury and Multi-Pollutant Control on Three 90-MW Coal-Fired Boilers Western Greenbrier Co-Production Demonstration Project Commercial Demonstration of the Airborne Process Integration of Advanced Emission Controls to Produce Next-Generation Circulating Fluid Bed Coal Generating Unit Round 2 CCPI Projects Airborne Process Commercial Scale Demonstration Program Demonstration of a Coal-Based Transport Gasifier Mercury Species and Multi-Pollutant Control Project Mesaba Energy Project Round 3 CCPI Projects American Electric Power Project Antelope Valley Station Post-Combustion Project Hydrogen Energy California Project NRG Energy Project Southern Company Carbon Capture Kemper Project (switching to natural gas) Summit Texas Clean Energy Project These programs have helped to meet regulatory challenges by incorporating pollution control technologies into a portfolio of cost-effective regulatory compliance options for conventional and developmental coal-fired power plants. This portfolio has positioned the U.S. as a top exporter of clean coal technologies such as those used for , and mercury, and more recently for carbon capture, consistent with a goal of deploying advanced coal-based power systems in commercial service with improved efficiency and environmental performance to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations and market demands, leading to widespread, global deployment