had made with Tamin earlier. A big part of the indemnity was spent on the cathedral at Pisa and to build a new church dedicated to St. Sixtus. Among the captured goods may have been the Pisa Griffin, the largest medieval Islamic metal sculpture known. Tamin seems to have been also forced to not attack the Christians again and release his captives. The city was Crusade historian Carl Erdmann considers the raid a direct precursor to the First Crusade ("ganz als Kreuzzug ausgeführt") which occurred eight years later, as it was conducted under the banner of St. Peter against a Muslim ruler who was demonised in the accounts of it, and a form of indulgence was granted to the campaigners by Pope Victor III. On the other hand, Alasdair Grant makes the point that references to the papacy are scanty and ambiguous. However the case, it may well be argued that the destruction of the naval forces of Mahdia contributed to the success of the First Crusade by allowing the supplying of Outremer by sea. The main source of information for the campaigns is the Carmen in victoriam Pisanorum, written within months of it by a Pisan religious cleric who may have been an eyewitness. Other sources include Bernardo Maragone's Annales Pisani and Geoffrey Malaterra's De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae Comities et Roberti Guiscardi Ducis frateris eius. References Battles involving the Republic of Genoa Battles involving Pisa Military history of Tunisia Conflicts in 1087 1087 Battles involving the Zirid dynasty campaign 11th century in Ifriqiya