seceded from the Union. This precipitated the American Civil War which ended 9 April 1865 with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army to that of Ulysses S. Grant. The first Confederacy stamps were issued 18 October 1861. There were four issues in all with values ranging from 2 to 20 cents. All the stamps were definitive types with portraits of Jefferson Davis (Confederacy president) or of former Union presidents such as Washington, Jefferson, and Jackson. Dates 1861 – 1865 Capital Richmond (Virginia) Currency 100 cents = 1 dollar See also United States of America (USA) Congo (Indian UN Force) Stamps were issued to Indian military personnel with the United Nations force in the Congo. These were six values of the familiar Indian map type overprinted UN FORCE (INDIA) CONGO. Dates 1962 only Currency 100 naye paise = 1 rupee Refer Indian Overseas Forces Congo Free State A vast country in central Africa which was not fully explored by Europeans until the 1870s. The missions, including those of Stanley and Livingstone, were partly financed by King Leopold II of Belgium who established the Congo Free State under his personal rule on 2 May 1885. Stamps were issued from 1 January 1886 inscribed ETAT INDEPENDENT DU CONGO. On 18 October 1908, the Congo was annexed by an Act of the Belgian parliament and renamed Belgian Congo (Congo Belge). The first stamps with this inscription were issued on 1 January 1909. In the meantime, stocks of Congo Free State stamps were overprinted CONGO BELGE. Dates 1886–1908 Capital Leopoldville Currency 100 centimes = 1 franc Main Article See also Belgian Congo Congo Republic Formerly Middle Congo. Dates 1959 – Capital Brazzaville Currency 100 centimes = 1 franc Main Article Postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo See also French Congo; French Equatorial Africa; Middle Congo Congo Republic (Zaire) Formerly Belgian Congo and Zaire. Dates 1960–1971 Capital Kinshasa Currency (1960) 100 centimes = 1 franc (1967) 100 sengi = 1 kuta; 100 kuta = 1 zaire Refer Zaire Constantinople A number of foreign post offices were established in Constantinople. Most issued stamps of the home country or general Levant types of that country. There were overprinted local issues by the Italian, Polish, Romanian and Russian offices. Refer Constantinople (Italian Post Office); Constantinople (Polish Post Office); Constantinople (Romanian Post Office); Constantinople (Russian Post Office) Constantinople (Italian Post Office) Dates 1908–1923 Currency