virus is the first known virus for the Pocket PC platform. It attempts to infect all EXE files that are larger than 4096 bytes in the current directory. Skulls: A trojan horse piece of 0 9amcode that targets mainly Symbian OS. Once downloaded, the virus replaces all phone desktop icons with images of a skull. It also renders all phone applications useless. This malware also tends to mass text messages containing malicious links to all contacts accessible through the device in order to spread the damage. This mass texting can also give rise to high expenses. Commwarrior: This malware was identified in 2005. It was the first worm to use MMS messages and can spread through Bluetooth as well. It infects devices running under OS Symbian Series 60. The executable worm file, once launched, hunts for accessible Bluetooth devices and sends the infected files under a random name to various devices. FlexiSpy: Stalkerware software that was first developed in 2006. Initially designed for Symbian OS, it was classified as malware by an anti-virus vendor in 2007. It is now available for Android and iOS. It can be used to track locations, read WhatsApp and SMS messages, listen in to ambient conversations, intercept phone calls and other abilities. HatiHati: A worm-like software for Symbian OS devices, first identified in 2007. HatiHati was a pirated copy of the beta version of an anti-theft software for Symbian OS called Guardian. It had a number of flaws that meant it acted like a worm by copying itself to any memory card inserted into the mobile, and once in a mobile device the application sent many alert SMS to a given set of numbers. Volumes of up to 12% of the total SMS in a mobile operator in the Middle East could be attributed to the malware. ZitMo: This malware was identified in 2010. An abbreviation of Zeus-In-The-Mobile, it is a trojan that is suggested for installation on a mobile phone by a Zeus-infected computer, and redirects incoming SMSs by acting like a man-in-the-mobile. It was the first mobile malware designed to steal mTAN banking codes. It was originally detected on Symbian, before being identified on Windows Mobile, BlackBerry and Android. Gingermaster: A trojan developed for an Android platform that propagates by installing applications that incorporate a hidden malware for installation in the background. It exploits the frailty in the version Gingerbread (2.3) of the