evidence confirms that Josephine was Beethoven's one and only 'Immortal Beloved'. ... All of the puzzling aspects about Beethoven's affair with the 'Immortal Beloved', including his various cryptic comments, can be explained in terms of his one known beloved – Josephine. Why do we doubt his word that there was only one woman who had captured his heart?" (Steblin 2007, p. 180). The Immortal Beloved 1994 film In the film Immortal Beloved, written and directed by Bernard Rose, the Immortal Beloved is Beethoven's sister-in-law Johanna Reiss, with whom he had a long and frustrating legal battle over the custody of his nephew Karl van Beethoven. The Immortal Beloved in music Canadian composer James K. Wright has written a song cycle for baritone (or mezzo-soprano) and piano trio titled Briefe an die unsterbliche Geliebte/Letters to the Immortal Beloved (2012). The cycle sets excerpts from Beethoven's letter of 6–7 July 1812. The Juno award-winning Gryphon Trio has recorded the work with both Canadian mezzo-soprano Julie Nesrallah (New York: Naxos, 2015) and Luxembourg baritone David John Pike (Montreal: Analekta, 2019). References Sources Albrecht, Theodore (1996, ed.): Letters to Beethoven & other Correspondence. University of Nebraska Press. Albrecht, Theodore (2009): "Anton Schindler as destroyer and forger of Beethoven's conversation books: A case for decriminalization." Music's Intellectual History, pp. 168–181. Altman, Gail S (1996): Beethoven: A Man of His Word - Undisclosed Evidence for his Immortal Beloved. Anubian Press; . Anderson, Emily (1961, ed.): The Letters of Beethoven. London: Macmillan. Aoki, Yayoi (1959): "Ai no densetsu – Betoven to 'fumetsu no koibito'" (Love-legends – Beethoven and the "Immortal Beloved"), Philharmony 31, no. 7, pp. 8–21. (Philharmony is the magazine of the NHK Symphony Orchestra.) Aoki, Yayoi (1968): Ai no densetsu – geijutsuka to joseitachi (Love-legends – Artists and Women) Tokyo: San'ichishobo, 1968. Aoki, Yayoi (2008): Beethoven – Die Entschlüsselung des Rätsels um die "Unsterbliche Geliebte". [Beethoven – The Decryption of the Riddle about the "Immortal Beloved".] Munich: Iudicium. Beahrs, Virginia Oakley (1972): "New Light on Beethoven's Immortal Beloved?" Michigan Quarterly Review, Vol. XI/3, pp. 177–185. Beahrs, Virginia (1986): "The Immortal Beloved Revisited." Beethoven Newsletter 1/2, . Beahrs, Virginia Oakley (1988): "The Immortal Beloved Riddle Reconsidered." Musical Times, Vol. 129/1740, pp. 64–70. Beahrs, Virginia (1990): "My Angel, My All, My Self": A Literal Translation of Beethoven's Letter to the Immortal Beloved. In: The Beethoven Newsletter 5/2, p. 29. Beahrs, Virginia (1993): "Beethoven's Only Beloved? New Perspectives