be calm winds, and Duneyrr ("Thundering in the Ear") and Duraþrór ("Thriving Slumber", perhaps referencing snoring) to be heavy winds. He interpreted the stags biting the leaves of the tree as winds tearing at clouds. He noted that dwarves control the winds (cf. Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri, the dwarves of the cardinal points), and that two of the stag names, Dáinn and Dvalinn, are also dwarf names as well. Many scholars, following Sophus Bugge, believe that stanzas 33 and 34 of Grímnismál are of a later origin than those surrounding them. Finnur Jónsson surmised that there was originally only one stag which had later been turned into four, probably one on each side. This is consistent with stanza 35 of Grímnismál, which mentions only one hart: It has been suggested that this original stag is identical with Eikþyrnir, mentioned earlier in Grímnismál. See also Anemoi Deer in mythology Four Heavenly Kings Four sons of Horus Guardians of the directions Lokapala Four Dwarves (Norse mythology) Titan (mythology) Notes References (Reprint: Princeton University Press, 1936 Sacred-texts) Text of Grímnismál available online at http://www.snerpa.is/net/kvaedi/grimnir.htm Creatures in Norse mythology Mythological deer Norse dwarves Elves Fictional quartets