is often combined with a DX-pedition, where amateur radio operators travel to a location where amateur radio activity is infrequent or uncommon. Several contests are designed to encourage outdoor operations, and are known as field days. The motivating purpose of these events is to prepare operators for emergency readiness, but many enjoy the fun of operating in the most basic of circumstances. The rules for most field day events require or strongly incent participating stations to use generator or battery power, and temporary antennas. This can create a more level playing field, as all stations are constructed in a similar manner. Typical contest exchange Contacts between stations in a contest are often brief. A typical exchange between two stations on voice — in this case between a station in England and one in New Zealand in the CQ World Wide DX Contest — might proceed as follows: Station 1: CQ contest Mike Two Whiskey, Mike Two Whiskey, contest. (Station M2W is soliciting a contact in the contest) Station 2: Zulu Lima Six Quebec Hotel (The station calling, ZL6QH, gives only his callsign. No more information is needed.) Station 1: ZL6QH 59 14 (said as "five nine one four"). (M2W confirms the ZL6QH call sign, sends a signal report of 59, and is in Zone 14 (Western Europe).) Station 2: Thanks 59 32 (said as "five nine three two"). (ZL6QH confirms reception of M2W's exchange, sends a signal report of 59, and is in Zone 32 (South Pacific).) Station 1: 73. Mike Two Whiskey QRZ? (M2W confirms ZL6QH's exchange, is now listening for new stations.) On Morse code, suitable well-known abbreviations are used to keep the contact as brief as possible. Skilled contesters can maintain a "rate" over four contacts per minute on Morse code, or up to ten contacts per minute on voice during peak propagation periods, using this short format. The peak rate of contacts that can be made during contests that employ longer exchanges with more information that must be sent, received, and acknowledged, will be necessarily lower. Logs and log checking Most serious competitive stations log their contest contacts using contest logging software, although some continue to use paper and pencil. There are many different software logging programs written specifically for radio contesting. Computer logging programs can handle many additional duties besides simply recording the log data; they can keep a running score based upon the formula