with the Relief Church; after the 1843 disruption all of the stations allied with the Church of Scotland, including Lovedale, were transferred to the Free Church of Scotland. Native education The institute, in addition to its purely church work — in which no sectarian tests were allowed — provided for the education of Africans of both sexes in nearly all branches of learning (Stewart discontinued the teaching of Greek and Latin, adopting English as the classic); it also took European (white) scholars, no racial distinction being allowed in any department of the work (indeed; until it became part of the new Union of South Africa in 1910, the laws of the Cape Colony were "colour-blind"). The institute gave technical training in many subjects and maintained various industries, including such diverse enterprises as farming and printing-works. Eventually it included a primary school, high school, technical school, a teacher training college, a theological college and a hospital. The school buildings rivalled in accommodation and completeness those of the schools in large British cities. The educational and industrial methods initiated at Lovedale were widely adopted by other missionary bodies. Lovedale later became a branch of the work of the United Free Church of Scotland, becoming part of the Church of Scotland in 1929 (when the United Free Church united with the Church of Scotland). It was closed in the 1950s under the Bantu Education Act. The last ordained Principal of Lovedale was the Reverend R. H. W. Shepherd, who became Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1959. Missionary control of the college at Lovedale ended in 1955, passing to the state through the Bantu Education Act of 1952. The Lovedale Bible School continued as a separate Christian institution. Lovedale Press, in Alice, continues to publish religious and educational material in several languages. The Ciskei Government closed the college in 1979 but later re-opened it. The campus at Alice continues today with an emphasis on Agriculture. Notable alumni David Cranmer Theko Bereng Steve Biko Chris Hani William Wellington Gqoba Ellen Kuzwayo Z. K. Mathews Samuel Edward Krune Mqhayi Govan Mbeki Gladys Mgudlandlu Charles Nqakula Sam Nolutshungu Enoch Sontonga King Sobhuza II Tiyo Soga Walter Stanford Notable staff Rev Dr James Stewart George McCall Theal Milner Langa Kabane, who later became principal 'Masechele Caroline Ntseliseng Khaketla Rev David Duncan Stormont missionary here from 1891 Other Lovedale is also the name