the Marine commander, Lt. Green. The hostages were freed. After the raid The engine house was the only part of the Harper's Ferry Armory still standing after the Civil War. There was much combat in and around Harpers Ferry, which changed hands several times during the war. To attract tourists, who were primarily Black, the words "John Brown's Fort" were painted on the engine house. It "was a tourist destination—almost a shrine—for African Americans in the late nineteenth century." However, by 1882 it had fallen into a state of disrepair; the roof and windows were gone. Many bricks were taken and/or sold as souvenirs; Frederick Douglass had one at his home in Washington. In the nineteenth century silver engravings of the Fort were attached to souvenir bricks; one is in the Park museum (see picture at right). Another was painted and given to an unnamed museum. Some white townspeople, for whom Brown was a madman and traitor rather than a hero, were not happy having the structure in their town, nor the Black tourists it attracted. The four moves Move to Chicago In order to move its tracks to a less flood-prone location, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad purchased the Fort and the land it is on, and wanted it moved or torn down. In 1891, the building was sold for $1,000 () to a buyer who wished to use it as an attraction at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1st move), "but the venture proved a failure, simply because there was nothing which could connect the 'Brown Fort' with Chicago." The building was dismantled and abandoned on a vacant lot after the exhibition. Another report says that it was used as storage for delivery wagons. In 1894, a movement was spearheaded by Washington D.C. journalist Kate Field, who also helped save the John Brown Farm State Historic Site, to preserve the building and move it back to Harpers Ferry. It could not be moved back to its original location because the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had covered it with an embankment in 1894, raising the rail line several feet to reduce the threat from flooding. The original location was marked in 1895 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad with a white stone obelisk. It stands from the present-day location of the fort, and is also part of Harpers Ferry National Historic Park. Return to vicinity of Harpers Ferry