the journal were banned for distribution due to government legislation however, they were later unbanned. Bans People who were under South African orders were not allowed to write for publication. People were also prohibited from quoting anything that banned people said. People under banning orders were prohibited from entering various buildings such as courts, educational institutions, the offices of newspapers and other publishers offices. Important figures Steve Biko – founder Bennie Khoapa Mapetla Mohapi Strini Moodley Malusi Mpumlwana Thamsanga Mnyele – artist Rubin Phillip – cleric Barney Pityana Mamphela Ramphele Mthuli ka Shezi – playwright Aubrey Mokoape Barney Simon – founder of The Market Theatre Vuyisile Mini – activist and songwriter Related groups Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO) Black Allied Workers' Union (BAWU) Black People's Convention Black Community Programmes Négritude, a literary movement in francophone Africa Neo Black Movement of Africa Socialist Party of Azania (SOPA) South African Student Organisation (SASO) See also Black-owned businesses Africana womanism Black Power Black Power Revolution Black Surrealism Négritude Zanempilo Community Health Care Centre Soweto Uprising Steve Biko Foundation I Write What I Like Ginsberg, Eastern Cape References Further reading Taylor Branch, At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–68, Simon & Schuster, 2006. Amatoritsero (Godwin) Ede, The Black Consciousness Movement in South African Literature. George M. Fredrickson (1981), White Supremacy: a Comparative Study of American and South African History, Oxford University Press USA, 1995. Gail M. Gerhart, Black Power in South Africa: the Evolution of an Ideology, University of California Press, 1979. Thomas G. Karis, Gail M. Gerhart, From Protest to Challenge: Nadir and Resurgence, 1964-1979, vol. 5: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa 1882 – 1990, Unisa Press, 1997. External links The BCM in South African literature Interview with Mamphela Ramphele The relevance of Black Consciousness today, 2010 Black Consciousness in Dialogue: Steve Biko, Richard Turner and the ‘Durban Moment’ in South Africa, 1970 – 1974, Ian McQueen, SOAS, 2009 "Tribute: Strini Moodley's Legacy" Economic and Political Weekly, 3 June 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Columbia University research page on the BCM. Bikoism or Mbekism? Thesis on Biko's Black Consciousness in contemporary South Africa Black Consciousness in South Africa, by Nigel Gibson New introduction to Biko's I Write What I Like, by Lewis Gordon, 2007 Steve Biko: The Black Consciousness Movement "No Fears Expressed: 6 Powerful Things Steve Biko Said" "BIKO: The Quest For A True Humanity", Apartheid Museum.