spots with better renewable energy resources. As such, each village is partially supplied by small local facility, and partially by the centralized facilities. This improves energy resources utilization as well as overall system flexibility and reliability. Viability of this model depends on the cost of building the optimal network. Based on multiplier-accelerated A* algorithm, the researchers have devised an effective method for evaluating all possible connections under complex geographical structure and hence practically optimize network design. Economic justification follows. National initiatives by continent Africa Ethiopia Ethiopia rural electrification started in 1998 (although minor activities were there before 1995-1997 to electrify major cities called zone and woreda) then followed by the millinum development goal 1998-2002 Universal Electric Access Program (UEAP) started and the program planned to electrify 6000 villages in 5yrs. After lessons were taken from that the Growth and transformation plan (GTPI &2) were launched .The program is one of the successfully accomplished in increasing the rural access rate and transforming the rural community ,creating jobs, local contractors and cooperatives.The program was financed by supporting funds ,loans and government. Kenya Karanja describes the role that a coordinated approach to rural electrification can play in Kenya and the challenges that arise. One solution is the combine numerical electricity system modeling with geographical information to explore various mixes of grid extension, mini-grids, and standalone systems. Senegal Senegal's electricity sector was reformed in 1998. Since then the country has implemented several electrification initiatives: A national Senegalese Rural Electrification Action Plan (Plan d'Action Sénégalais d'Électrification Rurale), designed to increase private sector participation in rural electrification (details below); Covenants and an Emergency Programme (Programme d'Urgence d'Électrification Rurale), both led and funded largely by the Government of Senegal; Individual projects led by NGOs and private companies. The Senegalese Rural Electrification Action Plan was launched in 2002 with the aim of maximising investment from the private sector. It raised an average of 49% private finance over 2002–2012, more than double the 22% global average for energy access projects. However, during the same period it directly increased rural electrification levels by less than 1%. Analysis by Mawhood and Gross (2014) indicates that the Action Plan has faced considerable political and institutional barriers, notably institutional opposition, wavering ministerial support and lengthy stakeholder negotiations, as well as the inherent difficulties of implementing an innovative policy framework. Although the Action Plan has been very successful at attracting private finance, the political/institutional