A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time. Driving cycles are produced by different countries and organizations to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, as for instance fuel consumption, electric vehicle autonomy and polluting emissions. Fuel consumption and emission tests are performed on chassis dynamometers. Tailpipe emissions are collected and measured to indicate the performance of the vehicle. Another use for driving cycles is in vehicle simulations. More specifically, they are used in propulsion system simulations to predict performance of internal combustion engines, transmissions, electric drive systems, batteries, fuel cell systems, and similar components. Some driving cycles are derived theoretically, as it is preferred in the European Union, whereas others are direct measurements of a driving pattern deemed representative. There are two types of driving cycles: Transient driving cycles involve many changes, representing the constant speed changes typical of on-road driving. Modal driving cycles involve protracted periods at constant speeds. The American FTP-75, and the unofficial European Hyzem driving cycles are transient, whereas the Japanese 10-15 Mode and JC08 cycles are modal cycles. Some highly stylized modal driving cycles such as obsolete European NEDC were designed to fit a particular requirement but bear little relation to real world driving patterns. On the contrary, the current WLTP is striving to mimic real word driving behavior. The most common driving cycles are probably the WLTC, NEDC, SORDS and the FTP-75, the later corresponding to urban driving conditions solely. Driving cycle design is the core technology for these standard cycles. Optimization and Markov chains are employed to design a driving cycle. Drive cycle recognition is applying to Hybrid Electric Vehicle. History 1960s At the end of the 1960s, increase use of automobile vehicles led to the first emission limit regulations, first in Germany and then in France, which led to the common Directive 70/220/EEC in March 1970: on 18 October 1968 was published, a 14 October 1968 regulation amended the Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung in Germany with provisions on measures to be taken against air pollution by positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles, to enter into force on 1 October 1970; on 17 May 1969 was published in the Journal officiel a 31 March 1969 regulation on the "Composition of exhaust gases emitted from petrol engines of motor vehicles" applicable from 1971 or 192. This led to a risk to have different national regulation in different