Douglas Paul Biklen (born September 8, 1945) is an American educator, fine art photographer, and leading proponent of facilitated communication, a scientifically discredited technique which purports to allow non-verbal people (particularly those with autism) to communicate; and an advocate of educational inclusion. A graduate of Bowdoin College, Biklen joined Syracuse University in 1969 and completed his doctorate there in 1973. He was controversially appointed Dean of the Syracuse University School of Education in 2005 and retired in 2014. Biklen has authored and co-authored several books and served on production teams for several documentary films, including 2004's Autism Is a World. Career Biklen served in the Peace Corps in Sierra Leone during the 1960s, graduated from Bowdoin College in 1967 and received a Doctor of Philosophy from Syracuse in 1973 where he researched intellectual disabilities in individuals in state-run mental hospitals and schools. Upon completion of his doctorate, Biklen became professor at the Syracuse University the School of Education’s Cultural Foundations, Teaching, and Leadership programs. At Syracuse, Biklen founded the Institute on Communication and Inclusion; and was a member of the founding faculty at the Center on Human Policy. In August 2005, Biklen was appointed Dean of the School of Education, a move that was criticized by the Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health and by members of the special education research community. He retired at the end of 2014. Biklen is a proponent of educational inclusion for students with intellectual disabilities. Facilitated communication Inception During observations of Rosemary Crossley in Melbourne, Australia in 1989, Biklen learned about the practice of facilitated communication. He returned to the United States and introduced the practice to US speechlanguage pathologists and special educators. According to the theory, some individuals whose communication is hindered by developmental coordination disorder (DCD) can communicate with the aid of a facilitator, who supports the client's hand while the client types words on a keyboard. Biklen and other advocates claim that individuals with DCD have a sophisticated understanding of spoken and written language, but verbal or motor difficulties prevent them from speaking or typing without assistance. Debunking Studies have repeatedly found that the messages produced through facilitated communication are authored by the facilitator rather than the client. In all controlled studies where clients and facilitators are given different information (shown two different objects, for example) what is typed responds to what is seen by the facilitator, not the client.