immune response. They also do not carry receptors that relate to the immune system or are not in high enough concentrations to admit a response. This is helpful for the future of MSC cell therapies because there will be little to no negative effects from a possible immune response. There is promising research in the fields of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis as well as wound healing, COPD, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (an effect of COVID-19). Stromal cells have the unique ability to create an immune modulated environment in order to best respond to foreign and known particles. The reason for halted use of MSCs is the lack of knowledge of the cells in vivo. Most research of these cells have been done in controlled laboratory environments which can sometimes alter the effects seen. The potentials, however, for cell therapy in tissue repair, immune modulation, and anti-tumor agent distribution are promising. See also List of human cell types derived from the germ layers References Connective tissue cells Human cells