Section 51(i) of the Australian Constitution enables the Parliament of Australia to make laws about: Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; The meaning of trade and commerce is clarified in section 98 of the Constitution which provides The power of the Parliament to make laws with respect to trade and commerce extends to navigation and shipping, and to railways the property of any State. Interpretation by the courts "Trade" and "commerce" have been broadly construed. The early case of W & A McArthur Ltd v Queensland, declared: "Trade and commerce" between different countrieswe leave out for the present the word "intercourse"has never been confined to the mere act of transportation of merchandise over the frontier. That the words include that act is, of course, a truism. But that they go far beyond it is a fact quite as undoubted. All the commercial arrangements of which transportation is the direct and necessary result form part of "trade and commerce." The mutual communings, the negotiations, verbal and by correspondence, the bargain, the transport and the delivery are all, but not exclusively, parts of that class of relations between mankind which the world calls "trade and commerce." "Trade and commerce" has been subsequently held to include: financial transactions; Federal participation in trade and commerce; peripheral matters, such as the employment conditions of workers involved in such activity ; and the absolution prohibition of a specific trade. However, the High Court has also ruled that a distinction must be maintained between interstate trade and trade that is strictly within a State. In Wragg v New South Wales, Dixon J. remarked: The distinction which is drawn between inter-State trade and the domestic trade of a State for the purpose of the power conferred upon the Parliament by s. 51 (i.) to make laws with respect to trade and commerce with other countries and among the States may well be considered artificial and unsuitable to modern times. But it is a distinction adopted by the Constitution and it must be observed however much inter-dependence may now exist between the two divisions of trade and commerce which the Constitution thus distinguishes. A legislative power, however, with respect to any subject matter contains within itself authority over whatever is incidental to the subject matter of the power and enables the legislature to include within laws made in pursuance of the power provisions which can