sought the approval of the rich. As a result, he led his wealthy congregation to reach out to the poor of Detroit. He then moved to banish the practice of pew rents and committed to accept his salary on a faith basis. In 1889–90 he made a missionary tour of the United Kingdom. Since 1888 he was editor of the Missionary Review of the World, and was lecturer on missions in Rutgers College in 1891 and Duff lecturer in Scotland in 1892. When Charles Spurgeon's illness with Bright's disease kept him from preaching, he asked Pierson to substitute for him while he recovered; but when Spurgeon unexpectedly died on January 31, 1892, the people of the Metropolitan Tabernacle invited Pierson to stay on, which he did for the next two years. It is notable that Spurgeon asked a Presbyterian minister who had not been baptized as a believer to occupy the pulpit in his place. Pierson held the opinion that Christians could disagree on the mode of baptism and whether it should be administered to infants or believers only. He later became convinced that believer baptism was correct and on February 1, 1896, was baptized by Spurgeon's brother, James A. Spurgeon at the age of fifty-eight. Pierson spoke with D. L. Moody at his Northfield Conferences and was also a speaker at the Keswick Convention who promoted holiness piety. During this period George Mueller and others had helped to change Pierson's eschatology from postmillennialism to premillennialism. As a missionary speaker A. T. Pierson influenced Robert Elliott Speer, Samuel Zwemer, Horace Grant Underwood and John R. Mott, Nobel Peace Prize winner, to give their lives to missions. Besides his contributions to missions, Pierson's most notable influence was due to his commitment to orthodoxy. When liberalism began sweeping through the mainline denominations, Pierson joined other concerned Christian leaders in publishing "The Fundamentals", a series of booklets designed to answer the critics of Christianity. Because of his apologetic abilities, Pierson was invited to write five of the major articles. Each booklet was distributed freely to pastors throughout America. This marked the beginning of the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in American churches. In time, the booklets were combined into a twelve volume set of books, which are still available today in a five volume set. Since then, Pierson has often been called the "Father of Fundamentalism". One of his most significant books was, In Christ Jesus