"free transit of persons and commodities without any hindrance" among the signatories and that the parties would take "all the measures necessary to maintain and develop as quickly as possible railway, telegraphic, and other communications". However, tension between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh made Turkey close its land border with Armenia and sever diplomatic ties with it, thus violating that article. Oskanian stated that by the action, Turkey was putting the validity of the treaty into doubt. Position of Armenian Revolutionary Federation The Treaty of Kars is overtly rejected by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, which specifically condemns the treaty as a "gross violation of international law" and argues that because the three Transcaucasian Republics were under the control of Moscow in 1921, their independent consent was questionable. The ARF also questions the validity of the treaty based on the authorities of the sides that concluded it. They contend that the Grand National Assembly of Turkey had no legal authority to sign international treaties. In addition, they argue that because the Soviet Union was not founded until 1922, it was not a recognized state and so also was "not a subject of international law and, naturally, its government had no authority to enter into international treaties." Aftermath of the 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown Following the shootdown of the Russian Sukhoi Su-24 over the Syria–Turkey border in November 2015 and the rise of Russo-Turkish tensions, members of the Communist Party of Russia proposed annulling the Treaty of Moscow and, by extension, the Treaty of Kars. Initially, the Russian Foreign Ministry considered that action to send a political message to the government of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. However, Moscow ultimately decided against it in its effort to de-escalate tensions with Ankara. See also Aftermath of World War I Armenia–Turkey border Azerbaijan–Turkey border Durand Line Georgia–Turkey border Great Game History of Adjara Sykes-Picot Agreement Radcliffe Line References Further reading External links 1921 in Armenia 1921 in Azerbaijan 1921 in Georgia (country) 1921 in Russia 1921 in the Ottoman Empire Armenia–Turkey relations Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijan–Turkey relations Georgia (country)–Turkey relations Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic History of Adjara History of Kars Iran–Turkey relations Modern history of Turkey October 1921 events Peace treaties of the Soviet Union Russia–Turkey relations Russian Civil War Soviet Union–Turkey relations Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars Kars