and expressing his esteem for Tommaso Campanella. He endorsed Cartesian dualism, though he did not approve of the Cartesian interpretation of the Cogito. In 1649 Pallavicino published his Vindicationes Societatis Jesu, a circumstantial refutation of the numerous accusations raised against the Society of Jesus. But Pallavicino did more than respond to the criticism of the Society of Jesus; he included several passages presenting his own view of the ideal intellectual environment within the Society. The Vindicationes have been considered a manifesto of the progressive current within the Jesuit order. Pallavicino refuted the need for strict adherence to Aristotelianism and Thomism in all aspects of natural philosophy, because much of what Aristotle had stated had been shown to be false. It was “ridiculous” to forbid discussion of new questions, as if nothing new could ever arise in philosophy. True to his Galileian leanings, Pallavicino edited the first, posthumous editions of Giovanni Ciampoli's Rime (1648) and Prose (1649), in an attempt to restore his friend's reputation. A work of ascetic character, Arte della perfezione cristiana, divisa in tre libri, appeared in 1665 (Rome). In the Trattato dello stile e del dialogo (A treatise on style and dialogue), first published in 1646 (under a slightly different title) and revised for the final time in 1662, Pallavicno endorses a neo-Aristotelian ideal of dialogue as a pleasant form of instruction. Pallavicino's treatise Del bene libri quattro, a dialogue in four books between prominent members of the Barberini circles (Rome 1644 and often reprinted), has been praised by the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce for its contribution to the development of modern aesthetics. Leibniz, who was familiar with the work of Sforza Pallavicino, quoted this book with high esteem. When he visited Rome in 1689, he regretted that Pallavicino had died as he would have loved to have met the Jesuit and conversed with him. Leibniz’s friend Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1618–1699) appreciated Pallavicino’s philosophy too. Richard Cumberland in his treatise De legibus naturae disquisitio philosophica (London, 1672) borrowed a great deal from Pallavicino's Del bene. Posthumous works Several of Pallavicino's works were not printed until later; others are still in manuscript. An opinion which he had written on the question whether it was most appropriate that the pope live in Rome at St. Peter’s, was printed together with a discussion of the same question by his fellow Lincean Lucas Holstenius, in Rome (1776). Larger collections of