movement. E.g.: i)PASS and FAIL – The handshape for the sign is same but they move in opposite direction. ii)MONEY, PAY and RICH – They have same handshape but different place of articulation and movement pattern. iii)THINK, KNOW and UNDERSTAND – The place of articulation is head which is same for all signs. 4) The IPSL consists of various non-manual gestures including mouth pattern, mouth gesture, facial expression, body posture, head position and eye gaze (Zeshan, 2001) 5) There is no temporal inflection in IPSL. The past, present and future is depicted by using signs for before, then, and after. 6) The question words like WHAT, WHERE, WHICH, HOW etc. are placed at the end of interrogative sentences. 7) The use of space is a crucial feature of IPSL. Popular culture Indo-Pakistani Sign Language has appeared in numerous Indian films such as: Koshish, 1972 film about a deaf couple. Mozhi, 2007 film about the love story of a deaf and mute girl. Khamoshi: The Musical, a 1996 film about a deaf couple with a daughter who becomes a musician. Black, a 2005 film about a blind and deaf girl based in part on the life of Helen Keller. Computational Resources There has been some significant amount of research on Sign language recognition, but with very less focus for Indo sign language. Due to the political divide, Indian and Pakistani sign languages are generally perceived different, hence leading to fragmented research. There have been a few initiatives that gather open resources for Indian and Pakistani SLs. References Further reading Deshmukh, D (1997), "Sign Language and Bilingualism in Deaf Education". Ichalkaranj, India: Deaf Foundation. Sulman, Nasir & Zuberi, Sadaf (2002) "Pakistan Sign Language – A synopsis". Sinha, Samar (2005), A Skeletal Grammar of Indian Sign Language, MPhil dissertation. JNU, New Delhi. Sinha, Samar (2008), A Grammar of Indian Sign Language, PhD thesis, JNU, New Delhi External links Higher Secondary School & Multi Purpose Training Institute for Deaf (Indore, Madhya Pradesh) – a residential school run by a deaf couple and using Indo-Pakistani Sign Language in the classroom. Pakistan Sign Language – A Synopsis The people behind India's first sign language dictionary—BBC Sign language isolates Languages of India Languages of Pakistan Languages of Bangladesh