credit of Philadelphia. The charitable societies include 3 orphan asylums, 1 hospital, 1 home for incurables, 1 maternity hospital, 1 "friendly inn" and home for the aged—all except 1 orphan asylum being in Philadelphia. There are 11 social clubs (5 with an income of $25,620), 4 associations for young men (2 with an income of $4,718), 1 loan-association, 14 mutual-benefit societies—all in Philadelphia. There are also 12 literary clubs (11 in Philadelphia) and 2 musical associations. In two cities there were branches of the Alliance Israélite Universelle; in four, sections of the Council of Jewish Women; in five, 9 Zionist societies; and in seventeen, 60 lodges. The last-mentioned are distributed among the orders as follows: 25, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; 6, Independent OrderFree Sons of Israel; 17, Independent Order Sons of Benjamin; and 12, Order B'rith Abraham. The present population of Pennsylvania is 6,302,115, including more than 100,000 Jews. See also American Jews List of American Jews History of the Jews in Colonial America History of the Jews in the United States Bibliography H. P. Rosenbach. History of the Jews of Philadelphia Prior to 1880. Philadelphia. 1883. Markens. The Hebrews in America. New York. 1888. Morais. The Jews of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 1894. Publications Am. Jew. Hist. Soc.: A. S. W. Rosenbach, Notes on the First Settlement of Jews in Pennsylvania, 1655–1703 (1897, vol. v.). H. Necarsulmer. The Early Settlement of Lancaster. 1901, vol. ix. I. H. and A. S. W. Rosenbach. Aaron Levy. 1894, vol. ii. Morris Jastrow. The Jews of Philadelphia. 1893, vol. i. Henry Berkowitz. (1901, vol. ix.). Aaron Levy, by Isabella H. Rosenbach and Abraham S. Wolf Rosenbach, in Publ. Am. Jew. Hist. Soc. No. 2, 1894, pp. 157–163. Other sources Daly, Settlement of the Jews in North America; Pennsylvania Colonial Records; Pennsylvania Archives. Watson, Annals, Philadelphia, 1868. Westcott's History of Philadelphia. Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. American Jewish Year Book, 1900–1. Pennsylvania Archives, First Series, i. 266; Second Series, ix. 738. American Historical Register, April 1895. References Pennsylvania