le cordelier (Brother Dennis of the Order of the Cordeliers—Franciscans, who wore a rope belt, were nicknamed Cordeliers in France), and of "la dame qui alla trois fois autour du moutier" ("the lady who went around the monastery three times") find a place in the Cent Nouvelles nouvelles ("One Hundred Short Stories"). Satirist Rutebeuf's best work is his satires and verse contes. Rutebeuf's work as a satirist probably dates from about 1260. His chief topics are the iniquities of the friars, and the defence of the secular clergy of the University of Paris against their encroachments. He delivered a series of eloquent and insistent poems (1262, 1263, 1268, 1274) exhorting princes and people to take part in the Crusades. He was a champion of the University of Paris in its quarrel with the religious orders who were supported by Pope Alexander IV. He defended Guillaume de Saint-Amour when he was driven into exile. The libels, indecent songs and rhymes condemned by the Pope to be burnt together with the Perils des derniers temps attributed to Saint-Amour, were probably the work of Rutebeuf. The satire of Renart le Bestourné, which borrows from the Reynard cycle little but the names under which the characters are disguised, was directed, according to Paulin Paris, against Philip the Bold. His religious poems, and also the Voie de Paradis ("The Way to Heaven"), the description of a dream, in the manner of the Roman de la Rose came in his later years. Le Miracle de Théophile A miracle play of his, Le Miracle de Théophile, is one of the earliest dramatic pieces extant in French. The subject of Theophilus of Adana was a familiar one to the storytellers of the Middle Ages. It described the Cilician monk who made a pact with the devil and was saved by the intervention of the Virgin. This subject had been treated dramatically in the Latin piece ascribed to the nun Hroswitha of Gandersheim, but his piece has importance in dramatic history. Collections The Oeuvres of Rutebeuf were edited by Achille Jubinal in 1839. A more critical 1885 edition is by Adolf Kressne. He was reviewed Paulin Paris and by M. Leon Cledat. In popular culture Asteroid 283786 Rutebeuf, discovered by astronomers at the French Saint-Sulpice Observatory in 2003, was named in memory of the poet. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 14 February 2014 ().