Nanaimo, British Columbia: Highway 1 south to Highway 19A In Markham, Ontario: Warden Avenue at Enterprise Boulevard (busway) In Toronto, Ontario: York University Busway at Dufferin Street (busway) Kingston Road at Midland Avenue In Edmonton, Alberta: Baseline Road at 17 Street Germany In Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia: Aachener Straße at Universitätsstraße, Innerer Grüngürtel at Innere Kanalstraße and Subbelrather Straße Singapore In Tampines: Junction of Tampines Avenue 10 and Tampines Avenue 1 United Kingdom In England: A322 at Bagshot, In Northern Ireland: A8 at Ashley Road, United States While jughandles are largely associated with New Jersey, the states of Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, and Vermont also use jughandles at several intersections. Jughandles are possible in other locations as they are a valid type of intersection control to consider for intersection design. Signage On New Jersey State Highways and Pennsylvania State Highways, a white sign is placed before a jughandle or at the beginning of a stretch of jughandles saying "All turns from right lane", or a similar message. Each jughandle is marked with a white sign below the standard green sign, saying "All turns", or "U and left turns" in the case of a reverse jughandle. On locally maintained roads, and in other states, jughandle signage can appear to be haphazard and confusing to out of state drivers. Advantages Safety Removes left-turning vehicles from travel lanes, particularly from higher-speed left lanes. Pedestrian crossing distance is reduced across the mainline. Reduced left-turn conflict points as compared to a standard four-leg intersection. Removes conflicts with right-turning vehicles and pedestrians/bicyclists at the primary intersection. Operations Reduced overall travel time and delay through the intersection. Reduced signal phases due to the elimination of the associated left-turn phase(s). Increases queuing space for left-turning vehicles. Shorter pedestrian crossing distance across the mainline may provide for shorter cross street signal phases. May improve U-turns by reducing the need for a tight-radius turning maneuver which conflicts with cross-street right-turns. Reduced need for rights-of-way acquisition when there is not any room for a left turning lane; focuses land requirement near intersection rather than a long stretch that is often highly developed. Disadvantages Safety Driver confusion, due to left-turns being made from the right side of the roadway – an uncommon configuration outside of the northeastern United States. Expectancy issues may be compounded due to inconsistency between intersections, where some intersections may be