but this religious architecture was totally independent of the Angevin Empire, it was just born at the same moment and spread at those times in England. Gillingham suggests that it was only "perhaps in kitchen design" that there was a distinctively Angevin style. Richard I's personal arms, three golden lions passant guardant on a red field, continue to appear in most subsequent English royal heraldry, and in variations on the flags of both Normandy and Aquitaine. Politically, during the time of the Angevin Empire, continental issues were given more attention by the Angevin kings of England than British issues had been given previously by the Normans. Under Angevin rule, the balance of power had dramatically shifted to France, with Angevin kings often spending more time in France than England. With the loss of Normandy and Anjou, the Empire was cut in two, leaving Plantagent descendants to be solely English kings with additional rule over Gascony. See also House of Ingelger Angevin kings of England House of Plantagenet Counts and Dukes of Anjou Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry Notes References Bibliography Further reading Madeline, Fanny (2021). How to map the Angevin Empire? Noblesse de l'espace Plantagenêt (1154–1224), editions Civilisations Medievales; it's a collection of essays by various French and English historians on the Angevin ruling class. It's a bilingual sourcebook which articles in French or English (but not both at a time). The Plantagenet Chronicles by Elizabeth Hallam. This book tells the history of the Angevin Dynasty and it is written in English. L'idéologie Plantagenêt : royauté arthurienne et monarchie politique dans l'espace Plantagenêt (XIIe–XIIIe siècles), Amaury Chauou (in French), Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, coll. « Histoire », 2001, 324 p. . Former empires in Europe 12th century in England 12th century in France 13th century in England 13th century in France House of Plantagenet States and territories established in 1154 States and territories disestablished in the 1240s 1154 establishments in Europe Former countries in the British Isles