microRNAs. The "ORF" genes are named based on genome position of the homologous genes in the first rhadinovirus described, herpesvirus saimiri. The "K" genes are unique to KSHV, Some KSHV genes have well-characterized functions, while others remain uncharacterized. ORF2 – dihydrofolate reductase ORF8 – gB – envelope glycoprotein involved in viral entry ORF9 – Pol8 – DNA polymerase required for viral DNA replication ORF10 – regulates RNA export and responses to type I IFNs ORF16 – vBcl2 ORF18, ORF24, ORF30, ORF31, ORF34, ORF66 – viral transcription factors required for the expression of late genes ORF21 – vTK – thymidine kinase ORF22 – gH – envelope glycoprotein involved in viral entry ORF23 – uncharacterized ORF25, ORF26 and ORF65 – capsid proteins ORF33 – involved in viral particle formation ORF34 – unclear function ORF35 – unclear function, mutant does not express early viral genes ORF36 – vPK – viral protein kinase with multiple roles in replication cycle ORF37 – SOX – dual function protein – DNase activity required for genome packaging and RNase activity regulates host gene expression ORF38 – involved in viral particle formation ORF39 – gM – envelope glycoprotein ORF40 and ORF41 – helicase and primase – DNA replication ORF42 – uncharacterized ORF45 - tegument protein, binds and prevents dephosphorylation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) and ERK for modulate the ERK/RSK MAPK signaling pathway ORF47 – gL – envelope glycoprotein involved in viral entry ORF49 – may be required for viral gene expression ORF50 – RTA, replication and transcription activator – the major transcription factor driving lytic KSHV reactivation ORF52 – KicGAS – tegument protein required for formation of virions and inhibition of cGAS DNA sensing ORF53 – gN – envelope glycoprotein ORF55 – uncharacterized ORF57 – MTA – regulates RNA stability, export and translation of viral genes ORF59 – PF–8 – polymerase processivity factor, accessory subunit of viral DNA polymerase ORF67 and ORF69 – nuclear egress ORF70 – thymidylate synthase ORF72 – vCyclin ORF73 – LANA, latency-associated nuclear antigen– tethers genome to chromosome during latency, also regulates host gene expression. A cytoplasmic form of LANA may inhibit activation of immune responses. ORF74 – vGPCR ORF75 – FGARAT PAN, polyadenylated nuclear RNA – non–coding linear and circular RNAs miRNAs (mirKs) – viral microRNAs expressed during latency to regulate proliferation and cell death K1 – involved in oncogenesis K2 - Interleukin 6 homolog, K3 and K5 – ubiquitin E3 ligases