eleventh century Qarmatian communities in Iraq, Iran, and Transoxiana had either been integrated by Fatimid proselytism, or had disintegrated. By the mid 10th century, persecution forced the Qarmatians to leave Egypt and Iraq, and move towards city of Multan in Pakistan. However, the prejudice against the Qarmatians did not dwindle, as Mahmud of Ghazni led an expedition against Multan's Qarmatian ruler Abdul Fateh Daud in 1005. The city was surrendered, and Fateh Daud was permitted to retain control over the city with the condition that he adhere to Sunnism. According to maritime historian Dionisius A. Agius, the Qarmatians finally disappeared in 1067 after they lost their fleet at Bahrain Island, and were expelled from Hasa near the Arabian coast by the chief of Banu, Murra ibn Amir. Imamate of Seven Imams According to Qarmatians, the number of imams was fixed, with Seven Imāms preordained by God. These groups considers Muhammad ibn Isma'il to be the messenger – prophet (Rasūl), Imām al-Qā'im and Mahdi to be preserved in hiding, which is referred to as Occultation. Ismaili imams who were not accepted as legitimate by Qarmatians In addition, the following Ismaili imams after Muhammad ibn Isma'il had been considered heretics of dubious origins by certain Qarmatian groups, who refused to acknowledge the imamate of the Fatimids and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi. Isma'il ibn Ja'far (765–775) Abadullah ibn Muhammad (Ahmad al-Wafi) (813–829) Ahmad ibn Abadullah (Muhammad at-Taqi) (829–840) Husayn ibn Ahmad (Radi Abdullah) (840–881) Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah (881–934) (Founder of Fatimid Caliphate) Qarmatian rulers in Eastern Arabia Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi (894–914) Abu Tahir al-Jannabi (914–944) Ahmad Abu Tahir (944–970) Abul Kassim Sa'id (970–972) Abu Yaqub Yousuf (972–977) Descendants of Abu Yaqub Yousuf ruled until 1077 Substitution after Abu Tahir al-Jannabi Farhad Daftary writes about the fate of the successors of Abu Tahir al-Jannabi: See also al-Hasa Khurramites Mazdakism References Sources Kathryn Babayan 2002: Mystics, Monarchs, and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran, External links Ismaili Net, The origin of the Qarmatians Ismaili Net, Qarmatians in Bahrain Encyclopædia Iranica, CARMATIANS Encyclopædia Iranica, ḤAMDĀN QARMAṬ Women and the Fatimids in the world of Islam Encyclopaedia of the Orient Maymūn’āl-Qaddāh Encyclopædia Iranica, "ʿAbdallāh B. Maymūn Al-Qaddāḥ" Bahraini monarchs Iranian dynasties Iranian Muslim dynasties Ismaili dynasties Shia dynasties