in navigating the tools used for access to information: it's the gender divide. With the evolution of the digital age, application of freedom of speech and its corollaries (freedom of information, access to information) becomes more controversial as new means of communication and restrictions arise including government control or commercial methods putting personal information to danger. The increasing access to and reliance on digital media to receive and produce information have increased the possibilities for States and private sector companies to track individuals' behaviors, opinions and networks. States have increasingly adopted laws and policies to legalize monitoring of communication, justifying these practices with the need to defend their own citizens and national interests. In parts of Europe, new anti-terrorism laws have enabled a greater degree of government surveillance and an increase in the ability of intelligence authorities to access citizens' data. While legality is a precondition for legitimate limitations of human rights, the issue is also whether a given law is aligned to other criteria for justification such as necessity, proportionality and legitimate purpose. See also Communication for Development Community film Development communication Freedom of speech Inter Press Service International communication International Programme for the Development of Communication NAM News Network New International Economic Order Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool Global news flow Sources References Further reading "Hope and Folly: the United States and UNESCO, 1945–1985", William Preston, Edward S. Herman, and Herbert Schiller, Univ of Minnesota Press, 1989. Hans Köchler (ed.), The New International Information and Communication Order: Basis for Cultural Dialogue and Peaceful Coexistence among Nations. (Studies in International Relations, X.) Vienna: Braumüller, 1985. McChesney, Robert W. and Schiller, Dan. The Political Economy of International Communications: Foundations for the Emerging Global Debate about Media Ownership and Regulation. (Technology, Business and Society Programme Paper, 11). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. October 2003. https://www.unrisd.org Media, Culture and Society, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July 1990), Special issue on "Farewell to NWICO?" Mowlana, Hamid, & Roach, Colleen. (1992). New world information and communication order: Overview of recent developments and activities. In Michael Traber & Kaarle Nordenstreng (Eds.), Few voices, many worlds: Towards a media reform movement (pp. 4–17). London: World Association for Christian Communication. Nordenstreng, Kaarle. (2010). MacBride report as a culmination of NWICO. In Keynote at International Colloquium "Communication et Changement Social en Afrique". Université Stendhal, Grenoble 3 Nordenstreng, Kaarle. (2010). The New World Information and Communication Order: Testimony of