In 1992, Alexander Shtilmark (former member of Pamyat) decided to found a modern Black Hundred movement. The movement maintains contacts with other Russian nationalist organizations (like the Russian Imperial Movement and the Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers) and also participated in the early stages of the Russo-Ukrainian War on the side of pro-Russian separatists. In popular culture In Jack London's 1908 novel The Iron Heel, which predicts the rise of a hypothetical fascist regime in the US, the regime's anti-labor hired thugs use the name of the Black Hundreds. In Bernard Malamud's 1966 novel The Fixer, which portrays Yakov Bok as a Jewish man who survived the pogrom and moved to Kiev, Yakov changes his last name to sound more Russian and soon becomes hired by a member of the Black Hundred. In Edward Rutherfurd's 1991 novel Russka, a young Bobrov (one of the fictional families portrayed in the novel) is beaten in the street by a gang of young Black Hundreds for being Jewish-looking and being the son of a social democrat. In Roots: The Next Generations, a Jewish friend of the series' black protagonists jokes that the Ku Klux Klansmen who burn down his shop are mere pikers next to the "Czar's Black One Hundred". In Anatoli Rybakov’s 1988 novel Children of the Arbat, in part II, chapter 13, set in Moscow in the mid 1930s, the Sharoks' old neighborhood Okhotny Row is described as having many storekeepers who had been Black Hundreds. In part III, chapter 5, Khanlar Safaraliyev, an oil worker, is killed by thugs who belong to a gang of Black Hundreds; Stalin makes a speech at his grave side. References Further reading Norman Cohn. Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World-Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (1966) Laqueur, Walter. Black Hundred: The Rise Of The Russian Extreme Right (1993) Donald C. Rawson. Russian Rightists and the Revolution of 1905'' (1995) External links Black Hundreds Live Again, news article on the celebrations of the Black Hundreds' 100th anniversary in Russia Organizations of the Russian Revolution Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire Antisemitism in Russia Far-right political parties in Russia Eastern Orthodoxy and far-right politics Eastern Orthodox political parties Political parties in the Russian Empire Russian nationalist organizations Anti-Ukrainian sentiment Defunct nationalist parties in Russia Monarchist parties in Russia Antisemitism in Ukraine Xenophobia Anti-communist organizations Organizations of the 1905 Russian Revolution Defunct