time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire until the latter part of the 16th century. To be sure, the Incas introduced their own style after conquering the Chachapoyas, such as in the case of the ruins of Quchapampa in Leimebamba District. The presence of two funeral patterns is also typical of the Chachapoyas culture. One is represented by sarcophagi, placed vertically and located in caves that were excavated at the highest point of precipices. The other funeral pattern was groups of mausoleums constructed like tiny houses located in caves worked into cliffs. Chachapoyan handmade ceramics did not reach the technological level of the Moche or Nazca cultures. Their small pitchers are frequently decorated by cordoned motifs. As for textile art, clothes were generally colored in red. A monumental textile from the precincts of Gran Pajatén had been painted with figures of birds. The Chachapoyas also used to paint their walls, as an extant sample in the tunnels of San Antonio in Luya Province reveals. These walls represent stages of a ritual dance of couples holding hands. The Chachapoyan culture indicated an egalitarian non-hierarchical society through a lack of archaeological evidence and a lack of power expressing architecture that would be expected for societal leaders such as royalty or aristocracy. In popular culture The Chachapoyan culture plays a significant role in the archaeological novel Inca Gold by Clive Cussler. In the Indiana Jones franchise, the Golden Idol of the Chachapoyans is the artifact of the opening section seen in the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. Later, Indiana Jones encounters the fictional Hovitos tribe which are the modern descendants of the Chachapoyan region. While the temple and idol are entirely fictionalized, screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan describes a "Temple of the Chachapoyan Warriors [which is] 2000 years old." The Chachapoya feature as a playable faction in the PC game Europa Universalis IV, including a faction idea called "Warriors of the Clouds". See also Amazonas before the Inca Empire Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin#Chacha Machu Pirqa Purum Llaqta, Cheto References Further reading von Hagen, Adriana. An Overview of Chachapoya Archaeology and History from the Museo Leymebamba website. Hemming, John. Conquest of the Incas. Harcourt, 1970. Muscutt, Keith. Warriors of the Clouds. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1998. Savoy, Gene. Antisuyo: The Search for the Lost Cities of the Andes. Simon & Schuster, 1970. Schjellerup, Inge R. Incas and Spaniards