the common side effect of headaches, as this receptor is known to be involved in the development of migraine headaches. Effects The effects of BZP are largely similar to amphetamines, with one study finding that former amphetamine addicts were unable to distinguish between dextroamphetamine and BZP administered intravenously. A 2005 study has shown that mixtures of BZP with other piperazine drugs such as TFMPP share certain pharmacodynamic traits with MDMA. Subjective effects Upon ingestion of between 50 mg and 200 mg of BZP, the user may experience any or all of the following: Initial Effects: Feelings of euphoria, wonder, amazement, well-being, energy and elation Rapid mood elevation Enhanced sociability Enhanced appreciation of music Increased desire to move, also slight increase in stereotypy Skin tingling Decreased appetite Repetitive thought patterns Actual and perceived changes in body temperature Mild jaw clenching/bruxism Increased heart rate Dilation of pupils (see photo) Nausea Flushing Mild xerostomia (dry mouth) Slight urinary incontinence, often described as "leaking" a small amount of urine after urinating (not due to loss of bladder control) Later Effects: Mild headache Nausea Hangover-like symptoms (common with high doses) Fatigue Indigestion (similar to acid indigestion/heartburn) Increased hunger (and sometimes thirst) Insomnia Confusion Depression (particularly with frequent/heavy use) Tolerance Research into BZP's tolerance is sparse. Anecdotal evidence from online sources claim tolerance to the central action of BZP will develop quickly. Due to tiredness associated with the body's recovery from stimulants, such as BZP, it is uncommon for users to be able to sustain a week-long intake. Toxic effects As with most sympathomimetic stimulants, significant side effects are associated with BZP use. It reportedly produces insomnia and a mild to severe hangover after the drug effect wears off. The majority of the toxic effects information came from a 2005 study that recorded all presentations associated with party pill use at the Emergency Department of Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. Fourteen toxic seizures were recorded in two patients with life-threatening toxicity with status epilepticus and severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The results of this study and others like it showed that BZP can cause unpredictable and serious toxicity in some individuals, but the data and dosage collection were reliant on self reporting by drug users, which may result in under-reporting (or over-reporting), and there were complicating factors like the frequent presence of alcohol and other drugs. The major side effects include dilated pupils, blurred vision, dryness of