were part-time, and 9 (5.0%) were unemployed. Kaimanawa Wall Within the Kaimanawa State Forest area is the Kaimanawa Wall. The Tuwharetoa tangata whenua claim an “oral tradition” of the place as a kōhatu (rock). A popular theory is that the wall is a human construction. From that popular theory, a pseudoscience theory explains the wall as a pre-Māori civilization artifact. The wall formation was inspected by an anthropologist and a geologist; neither saw evidence of a human origin. In a preliminary investigation, anthropologist Neville Ritchie of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, observed "matching micro-irregularities along the joints." This indicated that the blocks in the wall were too perfectly matched. He also observed the joints were neither straight nor truly horizontal nor perpendicular, indicating the joint alignments were too poorly constructed. Ritchie concluded the blocks are a natural formation based on the presence of matching micro-irregularities in blocks and imperfect joint alignment. Peter Wood, of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences at Wairakei, inspected the blocks for an afternoon and concluded they are natural fractures in what Wood termed "Jointed-Rangitaiki-Ignimbrite," and described as "330,000 year old volcanic rock that is common in the Taupō Volcanic Zone." Both vertical and horizontal joints are common. Fractures in the Rangitaiki ignimbrite formed when it cooled and contracted after flowing into place during an eruption. References Mountain ranges of New Zealand Taupō District Ruapehu District Rangitikei District Populated places in Manawatū-Whanganui