Anglo-Saxon rune poem manuscript would have appeared similar in arrangement of runes and texts to that of the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems. Norwegian The Norwegian Rune Poem was preserved in a 17th-century copy of a destroyed 13th-century manuscript. The Norwegian Rune Poem is preserved in skaldic metre, featuring the first line exhibiting a "(rune name)(copula) X" pattern, followed by a second rhyming line providing information somehow relating to its subject. Icelandic The Icelandic Rune Poem is recorded in four Arnamagnæan manuscripts, the oldest of the four dating from the late 15th century. The Icelandic Rune Poem has been called the most systemized of the rune poems (including the Abecedarium Nordmannicum) and has been compared to the ljóðaháttr verse form. Example (Icelandic Rune Poem) Here is an example of a rune poem with English translation side-by-side from Dickins: Abecedarium Nordmannicum Recorded in the 9th century, the Abecedarium Nordmannicum is the earliest known catalog of Norse rune names, though it does not contain definitions, is partly in Continental Germanic and also contains an amount of distinctive Anglo-Saxon rune types. The text is recorded in Codex Sangallensis 878, kept in the St. Gallen abbey, and may originate from Fulda, Germany. See also Briatharogaim Gothic alphabet List of runestones Runic magic Notes References (1998). Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse. Routledge. (1915). Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples. Cambridge University Press. (Internet Archive) (Editor) (2007). Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press. (1999). An Introduction to English Runes. Boydell Press. (1942). The Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems. Columbia University Press The Rune Poem (Old English), ed. and tr. , Poems of Wisdom and Learning in Old English. Cambridge, 1976: 80–5. et al. (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project, (Madison, WI: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). Online edition annotated and linked to digital facsimile, with a modern translation. External links Rune Poems from "Runic and Heroic Poems" by Bruce Dickins Anglo-Saxon paganism Germanic paganism Old English poems Runes Poems, Rune Scandinavia Poetic forms Cotton Library