countries, although Chile maintains a permanent civilian population at Villa Las Estrellas (near Frei Montalva Station), including women and children, a small school, and even a bank, in order to support its territorial claim of the area. The official population for the area as of the census 2002 is 130 (115 male, 15 female). This does not include the staff of non-Chilean bases in the area. According to the Chilean argument, its claim to Antártica Chilena is as old as Chile itself. The Tordesillas Line established a west/east division of colonial territories between Portugal and Spain. On the first organization of the new conquered territories, Charles V, ruler of the Spanish Empire assigned to Pedro Sancho de la Hoz control over Terra Australis, which included the Southern part of South America, Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, and all southern undiscovered territories (Terra Australis Ignota). This eventually merged with other territories in the Captaincy General of the Kingdom of Chile. Prehistory Early settlement by prehistoric man is known to have occurred from archaeological recovery within this Province. Yaghans established many settlements on the islands of the present day province of the Antártica espana Province; for example, there is a significant early Yaghan archaeological site at Wulaia Bay, which C. Michael Hogan terms the Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens. History Puerto Williams and Porvenir were established in the late 19th century, mainly by Western European immigrants (esp. from British Isles, Scandinavia and the former Yugoslavia) and navigators in cruise ships and fish boats. The Chilean government transplanted Chilean settlers from the central part of the country in the 20th century to increase the province's sparse population. See also Chilean Antarctic Territory Antártica (Commune) Territorial claims in Antarctica Argentine Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego Province British Antarctic Territory Antarctic Treaty System Antarctic Peninsula Ildefonso Islands References External links Gobierno Regional Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Official website (in Spanish) Gobernación Provincia de Antártica Chilena Official website (in Spanish) Prensa Antártica - News of the Antártica Chilena Province Instituto Antártico Chileno Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve Provinces of Chile Provinces of Magallanes Region Chilean Antarctic Territory Tierra del Fuego