the resurrection, based on the Messianic anticipation in the Book of Job () and Paul's teaching in his first epistle to the Corinthians (). 45 I know that my Redeemer liveth The aria for soprano "I know that my Redeemer liveth" draws from both Job and Paul. The words are "an expression of faith in redemption" and announce the Second Coming of Christ. The aria begins with an ascending fourth, a signal observed by musicologist Rudolf Steglich as a unifying motif of the oratorio, on the words "I know", repeated almost every time these words appear again. "For now is Christ risen" is pictured in a steadily rising melody of more than an octave. The music appears to be a reworking of arias from previous operas, with similarities between motifs that appear in Acis and Galatea ("Must I my Acis still bemoan?"), the aria that opens Act II of Riccardo primo, ("If heaven is against me, what hope is there for me in all this trouble?"), and multiple others. The creative recasting and transformation of previous ideas in new works is a process which was often employed by Handel. The significance of this "much-loved" aria is also indicated by the bust of the composer erected as a memorial in Westminster Abbey, which bears a figure of the composer working on the manuscript for this aria in a "moment of inspiration". Much recorded as a stand-alone number, the melody of the aria has also been reworked as a hymn tune, most often set to either a paraphrase by Charles Wesley which shares the incipit of the aria, or to a translation of a 7th or 8th century latin text by John Chandler, beginning "O Christ, our hope, our heart's desire". 46 Since by man came death The text for the chorus "Since by man came death" continues Paul's thoughts, juxtaposing death and resurrection twice. Consequently, Handel twice uses a Grave a cappella setting in A minor with chromatic lines, opposed to an Allegro with orchestra in C major in most simple harmony, switching back and forth between these extremes. Scene 2 Scene 2 deals with Paul's teachings on the Resurrection of the body on the Day of Judgement, as written in his First Epistle to the Corinthians. Accompagnato and Air share three verses, . Handel breaks the text in the middle of the second verse, to open the aria with the