the number of people who received HIV vaccinations by another 4600 people. There came to be an increased need to raise awareness of VISP because more people were exhibiting it. At the 2010 International AIDS conference presenters talked about the need for community healthcare providers to understand that if their patients have been in an HIV vaccine trial then their patients are likely to give a false positive HIV test result. HIV VISP in developing countries HIV vaccine research happens worldwide to ensure that any vaccine which researchers develop could be used for people worldwide. In developing countries with limited access to healthcare, the problems associated with VISP are a special concern. Researchers from Africa, Asia, North America, and South America have said that getting local government and media support of the research is essential in addition to creating facilities for distinguishing between HIV positive individuals and individuals exhibiting VISP. Likelihood People who participate in vaccine trials which test HIV vaccines may exhibit VISP for years or for the rest of their lives. A study done on participants in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network HIV vaccination studies showed that among 2176 HIV negative participants who received a vaccine, 908 (42%) had VISP. However, the occurrence of VISP varied depending on what kind of vaccine the participants received. Hepatitis B When a person gets a hepatitis B vaccine then the most common test for hepatitis B will show them to be positive. The usual course of action, in this case, is to give the person a panel of tests for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core, and anti-hepatitis B surface). A person who has never been exposed to hepatitis B but has gotten the vaccine will be positive for anti-HBs but negative for the other two tests in the panel. Other combinations of positive and negative in this test can mean other things, such as acute, chronic, or past infection. Other conditions VISP is not often a practical concern for other diseases because in most cases good vaccines already exist and most people who have access to healthcare receive them. Also physicians do not routinely test people for recent infections with most diseases as they do for HIV. Medical literature on VISP for most diseases is not widely available because there is little practical need for doing that research. References Surender Khurana, Needham J, Mathieson B,