son also patented and marketed several of his own clothes hoists designs. Toyne relocated to Adelaide, South Australia in 1926, in order to establish manufacturing centres for his clothes hoist design in other Australian states. He sold the rights to manufacture and sell Toyne rotary clothes hoists in South Australia and Western Australia to Leonard Lambert in 1928. Moving to Sydney, New South Wales in 1929, Toyne established a clothes hoist business at 661 Parramatta Road, Five Dock. During the 20th century, a number of companies were established primarily to manufacture, promote and sell the Toyne's clothes hoists, including, the Aeroplane Clothes Hoist Company, Toyne's Rotary Clothes Hoist Pty Ltd, Toyne Trading Company and the Quick-Dry Revolving Clothes Line Company. Toyne first used the term "rotary clothes hoist" around 1912 and by the 1930s, Toyne's rotary clothes hoists were available for purchase throughout Australia and New Zealand. Manufacturing bases had been established in Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney, with others states having distribution through major retail stores. Gilbert Toyne's final patented rotary clothes hoist design was in 1945 "Improvements relating to hydraulic clothes hoists" (Australian Patent No. 128009) Hydraulic clothes hoists used fluid as a means of raising and lowering the clothes line frame. At least seven hydraulic clothes hoists had been patented in Australia prior to Toyne's design. He also developed several other inventions to improve efficiency in the laundry, including the "Eezewac" clothes lifting device and a gas regulator for the wash copper (Australian Patent No. 18078/29). Toyne's efforts to be a leading manufacturer in the growing Australian rotary clothes hoist market were affected by world events and personal loss. Having established ongoing production of his patent design in Sydney, he returned to Melbourne in 1933 and continued manufacturing clothes hoists well into the latter years of his life. During the "baby boom", and the housing boom, that followed World War II, rotary clothes hoists based on Toyne's 1926 patented design came to dominate Australian backyards. He died on 30 July 1983, aged 94 years, at Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria. He lived to see his classic 1926 rotary clothes hoist design regularly, but incorrectly, credited to Lance Hill of Hills Hoists. References 20th-century Australian inventors 1983 deaths 1888 births