marker to indicate an approximate or unspecific location, time, motion. In all of these cases, it refers to a more vague object. Indicator of the addition of numbers, as Maia only has unique words for numbers one through five. | 'muanigo' means 'today', and 'muanigora' means 'sometime today'. anuv igur=ga kuvik=ra duwa=ga time five=LOC1 other.side=LOC2 one=LOC1 'on the sixth day' (lit 'on the five plus one day') |- |=(n)o |Topic marker to indicate referential information. This clitic frequently marks the subject of the clause. |Yo-nor awn winim=o Dasti 1s=INTP dog name=TP Dasti 'My dog's name is Dasti.' |- |=(d)i |Contrast marker to indicate a shift or contrast in the clause. |No=no ta kenai=di av-inek+an-ini di=no yo=no wabona=di avio... 2s=TP DIR left=CT go-DES.s+say-IR.2s DS=TP 1s=TP right=CT go-IR.1s 'If you want to go to the left, I'll go the right.' |- |=git |Contrafactual marker to indicate what did not or could not happen. |Ma-ne=mate=waka, wi-nor nada maia bu badaka u-dogo=waka lovavan onor=aka katu ilika-mo=git. E-do=MN=LIM 3p-INTP child PL AD1 all 3s-straight-LIM very.good INTS=LIM enough/able come.up-RL.1s/3p=CFT. 'In view of that, all of their children too could have come up really good and straight (but they didn't).' |- |=ma |Emphatic marker used to emphasize a prominent person or situation in a clause. |=ma can be appended to the end of a person's name to signal importance, as in the name Abram: 'Abramma' |- |=na |Attention marker used to signal to the audience that the next statement will be important. It can be used to indicate the turning point of a story, for example. It is placed at the end of the statement preceding the important one. |Avia-sa wae=ra ilika-mi bada imara-sa=na sae nam buas+u-simi go-SEQ garden=LOC2 come.up-RL.1p SS meet-SEQ=ATN garden tree cut+3s-give.RL.1p 'We went and arrived in the garden, then we met (and) we cut garden trees for him.' (The cutting of the garden trees is a critical point in the story.) |} Derivational affixes Affixes in Maia are predominantly derivational suffixes. The nominalizing suffix -arav can be used to create nouns from verb roots. For example, 'wadib' means 'to argue', but 'wadib-arav' means 'the arguing' (p. 40). The verbalizing suffix -(n)a can be used to create verbs from nouns and adjectives, as in the case of the word for white, 'waia' (p. 45): There are four classes of derived causative verb suffixes, which may be affixed to the end of a preexisting verb