act or self-masturbation (sec. 21) Exposing or displaying or causing the exposure or display of genital organs, anus or female breasts to a child (sec. 22) Sexual exploitation of a person who is mentally disabled; being involved in, furthering, benefiting from, or living from the earnings of the sexual exploitation of a person who is mentally disabled; or promoting sex tours with persons who are mentally disabled (sec. 23) Sexual grooming of a person who is mentally disabled or promoting the sexual grooming of a person who is mentally disabled (sec. 24) Exposing or displaying or causing the exposure or display of child pornography or pornography to a person who is mentally disabled (sec. 25) Using, or benefiting from using, a person who is mentally disabled for pornographic purposes. (sec. 26) Constitutional challenges In May 2012 the Western Cape High Court ruled that many of the sections of the act were not enforceable because they did not prescribe specific sentences for the crimes, which violated the principle of legality ("nulla poena sine lege"). In July, the ruling was overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeal, which ruled that courts have the discretion to impose an appropriate sentence in each case. In the same month, Parliament passed an amendment to close the potential loophole. In an October 2013 judgment, the Constitutional Court found the statutory rape and statutory sexual assault provisions to be unconstitutional to the extent that they made it a crime for children between 12 and 16 to engage in consensual sexual activities with other children in the same age range. In 2015, Parliament amended the law so that consensual sex between two children between 12 and 16, or between a child under 16 and one over 16 if the age difference is less than two years, is no longer a crime. In June 2018, the unanimous Constitutional Court found that the twenty-year statute of limitations on sexual offenses was unconstitutional. References External links Official text of the act as enacted (PDF) Text of the act with amendments Sex crimes in South Africa Sex laws in South Africa South African legislation 2007 in South African law Sex offender registration LGBT law in South Africa 2007 in LGBT history