Duran Bell, Jr. (born April 21, 1936) is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of California, Irvine. He was formerly a professor there in two departments, Economics and Anthropology. Education and early career Bell received his B.A. in economics in 1960 and his Ph.D. in agricultural economics in 1965, both from the University of California, Berkeley. He then joined the faculty in the Economics department at the University of California, Irvine in 1965. Research Bell was a research associate with the Brookings Institution from 1971 to 1973 and a senior economist with the RAND Corporation from 1973 to 1976. Bell's main research focus was on non-market exchange processes, and eventually he found ethnography the most effective theoretical grounding for his work. He later joined the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Irvine in 1965. Bell is a founding member of the Social Dynamics and Complexity Group in the Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at U/C Irvine. Personal life Professor Bell's father, Duran Sr, became a fulltime plowboy at the age of seven and received little education. He escaped the share cropping economy of rural Arkansas at the age of 15 and became a pipe fitter in Little Rock, where he met his wife, Juanita Jones. Having become a cement mason during WWII, he was able to enlist his fifteen-year-old son, Duran Jr, as an apprentice. By the time that Duran Jr graduated from high school, he had learned the skills of a "journeyman" cement mason; and by working during the summer months, he was able later to maintain himself as a self-supporting, full-time, student at the University of California, Berkeley, enrolling in 1954. Bell's mother had been raised in the city of Little Rock and possessed a high school education. Financial issues prevented her from attending college; however, she considered herself to merit the middle class status of a school teacher and rejected the very backward ghetto in North Richmond, CA, to which they moved during the war. Consequently, she conveyed to her son a belief in the incompatibility of their residence with their much higher social potential. Bell credits his mother for his escape from the debilitating mentality of their ghetto-environment. Early in his Berkeley life, Bell became involved with the Young Socialist League, a splinter group relative to more established Trotskyist organizations. This involvement was clearly a distraction from his academic responsibilities, yet it was