Events in the year 1913 in Germany. Incumbents National level Kaiser – Wilhelm II Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg State level Kingdoms King of Bavaria – Otto of Bavaria to 5 November, then Ludwig III of Bavaria King of Prussia – Kaiser Wilhelm II King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III of Saxony King of Württemberg – William II of Württemberg Grand Duchies Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest Principalities Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent) Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line to 29 March, then Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont Duchies Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt Duke of Brunswick – Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (regent) to 1 November, then Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick from 2 November Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Colonial Governors Cameroon (Kamerun) – Karl Ebermaier (1st term) to 9 October, then ... Full Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg Events April 10 – Albrecht Grocery Shop, predecessor of the Aldi discount store chain globally, is founded in Essen. May 16 – Eberswalde Hoard discovered June 20 – Bremen school shooting causes the death of five pupils and the wounding 21 other people. September 9 – In Oppau, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process, feeding today about a third of the world's population. October 17 – Johannisthal air disaster occurs with