to see where they would break down, or where they would create paradoxical or unanticipated behavior. His work suggests that no set of fixed laws can sufficiently anticipate all possible circumstances. In Philip K. Dick's novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968), he explores what it means to be human. In his post-apocalyptic scenario, he questioned if empathy was an entirely human characteristic. His story is the basis for the science fiction film, Blade Runner (1982). Related fields Affective computing Formal ethics Bioethics Computational theory of mind Computer ethics Ethics of artificial intelligence Moral psychology Philosophy of artificial intelligence Philosophy of mind See also Artificial intelligence AI safety AI takeover Artificial intelligence in fiction Friendly artificial intelligence Automating medical decision-support Google car Military robot Machine Intelligence Research Institute Robot ethics Space law Self-replicating spacecraft Watson project for automating medical decision-support Tay (bot) Notes External links Machine Ethics, Interdisciplinary project on machine ethics. The Machine Ethics Podcast, Podcast discussing Machine Ethics, AI and Tech ethics. References Wallach, Wendell; Allen, Colin (November 2008). Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. USA: Oxford University Press. Anderson, Michael; Anderson, Susan Leigh, eds (July 2011). Machine Ethics. Cambridge University Press. Storrs Hall, J. (May 30, 2007). Beyond AI: Creating the Conscience of the Machine Prometheus Books. Moor, J. (2006). The Nature, Importance, and Difficulty of Machine Ethics. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), pp. 18–21. Anderson, M. and Anderson, S. (2007). Creating an Ethical Intelligent Agent. AI Magazine, Volume 28(4). Further reading Hagendorff, Thilo (2021). Linking Human And Machine Behavior: A New Approach to Evaluate Training Data Quality for Beneficial Machine Learning. Minds and Machines, . Anderson, Michael; Anderson, Susan Leigh, eds (July/August 2006). "Special Issue on Machine Ethics". IEEE Intelligent Systems 21 (4): 10–63. Bendel, Oliver (December 11, 2013). Considerations about the Relationship between Animal and Machine Ethics. AI & SOCIETY, . Dabringer, Gerhard, ed. (2010). "Ethical and Legal Aspects of Unmanned Systems. Interviews". Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports, Vienna 2010, . Gardner, A. (1987). An Artificial Approach to Legal Reasoning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Georges, T. M. (2003). Digital Soul: Intelligent Machines and Human Values. Cambridge, MA: Westview Press. Singer, P.W. (December 29, 2009). Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century: Penguin. Argument technology Machine Computing and society Ethics of science and technology Philosophy of artificial intelligence