other part of the executive branch. Its decisions are final. If an organ has been declared supreme by constitutional law or conclusively identified as supreme by jurisprudence, any mechanism that would allow its decisions to be appealed is automatically unconstitutional. A supreme organ acts exclusively on its own initiative. On the one hand, it cannot be forced to act. On the other hand, its decisions cannot be made contingent on requests or nominations from other organs; it cannot be made to depend on the advice and consent of any other person or institution. The one exception to this general rule is the president. Most of the powers of the president can only be exercised on request of the chancellor, one of the other ministers, or the cabinet as a whole. Most decisions made on request of the chancellor or the cabinet do not become effective until countersigned by the chancellor; decisions requested by a minister other than the chancellor do not become effective until countersigned by that minister. A supreme organ is only supreme with respect to a specific class of decisions. A governor, for example, is a supreme organ with respect to certain decisions within the purview of the province. Much of what provinces actually do, however, is assist the national government with matters of the national administration. When acting as an arm of the national administration, the governor takes orders from national administrators, most notably ministers. With the exception of the president, who discharges the powers and duties of the office either personally or not at all, supreme executive organs stand at the head of sizable bureaucracies and delegate most of their tasks to subordinate organs (). As a matter of general principle, supreme executive organs are vested with management authority (), meaning they are in charge of setting policy, of most personnel decisions, and of the internal governance and discipline of their respective bureaucracies in general. They also have injunction authority (), the power to issue orders () to their respective subordinate organs that require or prohibit specific substantive acts and decisions. Both powers follow from the postulate that supreme executive organs hold ultimate responsibility; an organ cannot be considered responsible for what it cannot effectively control. There are departures from this general principle, however. Some subordinate organs are "independent" (""); they are subject to management authority but not injunction authority. Rule of law Executive organs can