Dziennik Ludowy (People's Daily) (1907- 1925) was a Polish-language socialist daily newspaper published in Chicago. Established by a young generation of immigrant activists, it presented left-wing beliefs, and its chief editors were M. Sokołowski and H. Anielewski. Role of Polish-language press in immigrant community The press, along with the Roman Catholic Church and political organizations, was a form of leadership in the Polish immigrant community. In the beginning, the press created fewer leaders than the Church and other organizations, was concerned mainly with the political situation in Poland, and paid little attention to organizing immigrants' life in the US. There were several newspapers in each settlement town, and they often represented contradicting views, which made it difficult to co-ordinate a community. The Polish-American press was used as a tool to develop patriotism among former peasants. It played a major role in changing a peasant into an urban citizen. Many of the papers were targeting peasants and, after a while, working-class immigrants settled in urban areas of the US. The first Polish-language newspaper, Echo z Polski, appeared in 1863 and closed two years later. There is no information about any other publications in the US for 15 years. The next Polish periodicals appeared in the early 1870s. In the 1880s, Polish press entered a phase of rapid development because of the growing immigrant population in the US. The first dailies appeared in the late 1880s. The three main centers of the Polish community and press were in big cities: Chicago, Milwaukee, and New York. History The first issue of Dziennik Ludowy was published in 1907 by Polish immigrants to the US. In its first months, the newspaper supported the Polish nationalist movement organized during World War I. One of the most popular Polish-language newspapers, it supported the leader of the country, Józef Piłsudski. After a split in the Polish- American socialist movement in 1908, the Polish Section of the Socialist Party was formed, and Dziennik Ludowy became the official organ of the Polish Socialist Alliance. It rejected the notion of military activity as a method of establishing an independent Poland proposed by Pilsudski. Instead, the newspaper focused on opening its columns to various Polish organizations, unions, and societies. Dziennik Ludowy supported the idea of establishing an independent Poland by promoting popular education and labor activism as ways of liberating the nation. The target audience of the newspaper was first-generation immigrants, who