have been developed in recent years. One example for these recent efforts is the Villagers Poverty Alleviation Working Committee ( ) in Ximeng County in Yunnan Province. Led by the “two Committees” (两委 liang wei ), which are the local party branch (村中国共产党员支部委员会 cun zhongguo gongchandang yuzhibu weiyuanhui ) and the village committee (村民自治委员会 ), the Villagers Poverty Alleviation Working Committee is composed of five to seven members (based on the number of households in the village) who are responsible for the success of their assigned households (ea. 15-30 households per committee member) to overcome poverty. The membership structure within the Committee resembles the existing power structure in the village. Members of the Committee include local party officials, leaders of the village community and leaders of the local branches of mass organizations. Accordingly, up to 60% of committee members are directly affiliated with the CCP. The Committees hold weekly internal meetings and monthly public meetings. Intra-Committee positions include a production officer (生产委员 ), a life officer (生活委员 ), a public security officer (治安委员 ) and a propaganda officer (宣传委员 ). The Committee uses its powers particularly in two ways: (1) Through the newly established Village Labor Service Posts (村务和劳务服务岗 ), the committee members can force villagers into employment. (2) Through a reward and punishment mechanism (完善奖惩机制 ), villagers are classified according to their job performance, political attitude, participation in village affairs and other factors in two lists. Villagers on the red list will receive rewards in financial payment and/or payment in kind. Villagers on the black list may lose financial support by the government. The new Committee System of Ximeng has met with positive response on the national level and received the national poverty alleviation innovation award (全国脱贫攻坚组织创新奖 ) in September 2019. The prominence through the national award may stimulate additional counties implementing Ximeng's governance innovation. Society The Chinese Government regards the participation of the whole society crucial for overcoming poverty. Therefore, the central government announced a statement on November 19th 2014 by the General Office of the State Council, how to mobilize all social forces to participate in poverty reduction and development in China. Participation by private companies is a significant factor to reduce poverty in the PRC. Through the aid and collaboration of private companies, the market economy can be stimulated and new capital and technology can be brought into the countryside. Private enterprises are considered to bring