obtained his habilitation in neuropharmacology in 1986 at the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology in Warsaw. The following year he completed a scientific internship at the Institute of Mental Health in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1992 he received the title of professor of medical sciences. In the years 1995–1996 he was a scholarship holder of the Fulbright Foundation at the Scripps Research Institute in San Diego. From 1986 he is a member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was one of the organizers of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology at UNESCO/PAN, where he was a professor (1996–1998) and a member of the International Advisory Committee (1998–2008). In the years 1989–1993 he was the Head of the Neuropeptide Research Department at the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and from 1993 to 2017 the Head of the Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology. From 1999 he was a professor at the Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology at the Institute of Applied Psychology at the Jagiellonian University, from 2004 he was the Head of this Department. He was the supervisor of three postdoctoral dissertations and promoter of fifteen doctoral dissertations and about 80 MA theses. He published over 200 original research works (among others in Science and Nature) and dozens of reviews and popular science works. From 2005 he was a member of the IBRO Central and Eastern European Regional Committee, and from 2008 to 2013 the chairman of this organization. In 2013–2016 he was elected and was chairman of the FENS/IBRO Schools organization. He is a member of the Polish Society for the Study of the Nervous System, and in 2005–2007 he was its president. He is a member of the Committee of the Neurobiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, in the years 1998–2001 he was the vice-chairman of this committee. In the years 2008–2013 he was a member of the National Committee for Cooperation with the International Council of Sciences at the Presidium of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 2005 he was elected a correspondent member of the Medical Faculty of the Polish Academy of Learning and in 2018 he became a full member. Since 2007, he has been an honorary member of the Polish Society for the Study of Pain. He is a member of international scientific societies (including IASP, EFIC, FENS, SFN, INRC).