as Jeremy Bentham, who thought that all the values that a person might hold could be reduced to a desire for happiness or pleasure. Immanuel Kant, too, has been described as a monist in saying that the only good in itself lies in possessing a good will. Regarding those holding pluralist views, Zimmerman in his book The Nature of Intrinsic Value (2012) gives some examples of more recent philosophers with lists of the kinds of thing that they thought had value: Brentano (1889): Pleasure, Happiness, Love, Knowledge, Beauty, Proportion, Intention, Exercise, Virtue Moore (1908) - Aesthetics, Affection, Knowledge, Consciousness, Pleasure, Virtue Ross (1936) - Virtue, Pleasure, Knowledge, Artistic activity In particular, Zimmerman singles out the work of William Frankena who, in his book Ethics (1963), gave a comprehensive list of values and who, besides suggesting the use of headings, began to group similar values together. It will be useful to discuss these in the following groups: 1. Beauty, harmony, proportion, aesthetic experience 2. Moral disposition, virtue, pleasure, happiness, contentment 3. Truth, knowledge, understanding, wisdom, honour, esteem 4. Life, health, strength, peace, security 5. Love, affection, friendship, cooperation 6. Power, achievement, freedom, adventure, novelty Frankena, in formulating his list, builds on what he called the "classical triad" of beauty, goodness and truth and headings similar to these terms can be used to introduce a primary set of values as follows. Primary values Aesthetic values Frankena in his list of values groups beauty with harmony, proportion and aesthetic experience. There are many different kinds of value that can be included in this category and Frankena himself distinguishes between "harmony and proportion in objects contemplated" and "harmony and proportion in one's own life". He refers to Plato who, firstly, in the Philebus suggests that aesthetic pleasure lies in the "beauty of colour and form", and secondly in the Republic that formal features like harmony and proportion are important not only to art and music but also to the "good life" which itself should contain "form", "variety" and "balance". Another distinction results from the question of whether aesthetic value resides in the object contemplated or in the contemplative experience itself. James Shelley in his article The Concept of the Aesthetic notes that the term "aesthetic" in deriving from the Greek aesthesis, which means perception or awareness, tends towards the latter interpretation; George Dickie in his book Art and the Aesthetic charts the development of