run out of phenomena for bio-inspired research. Simplicity Often, bio-inspired research about something can be much easier than precisely replicating the source of inspiration. For example, researchers do not have to know how a bird flies to make an airplane. Transcultural field Bio-inspiration returns to observation of nature as a source of inspiration for problem-solving and make it part of a grand tradition. The simplicity of many solutions emerge from a bio-inspired strategy, combined with the fact that different geographical and cultural regions have different types of contact with animals, fish, plants, birds and even microorganisms. This means different regions will have intrinsic advantages in areas in which their natural landscape is rich. So bio-inspired research is trans-cultural field. Technical applications There are many technical applications available nowadays that are bioinspired. However, this term should not be mixed up with biomimicry. For example, an airplane in general is inspired by birds. The wing tips of an airplane are biomimetic because its original function of minimizing turbulence and therefore needing less energy to fly, is not changed or improved compared to nature's original. Also, Nano 3D printing method is also one of the novel method for bioinspiration. Plants and animals have particular properties which are often related to their composition of nano- and micro- surface structures. For example, research has been conducted to mimic the superhydrophobicity of Salvinia molesta leaves, the adhesiveness of gecko's toes even on slippery surfaces, and moth antennaes which inspire a new approach to detect chemical leaks, drugs and explosives. References <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330246880_Biomimicry_Exploring_Research_Challenges_Gaps_and_Tools_Proceedings_of_ICoRD_2019_Volume_1/> See also Bio-inspired computing Bio-inspired engineering Bio-inspired photonics Bio-inspired robotics Paleo-inspiration