Sheng Shiqi (; 1901 – 19 March 1942) was a Chinese brigade commander in Xinjiang, and the brother of the governor of that province, Sheng Shicai. His murder was a matter of dispute between the Soviet Union and the regional government in Xinjiang, with Sheng Shicai claiming his brother's murder was orchestrated by the Soviets in order to stage a coup, while the Soviets claimed Sheng ordered his brother's murder because of his close ties to Moscow. Life The fourth younger brother of Sheng Shicai, a de facto independent ruler of the Chinese Xinjiang Province, Sheng Shiqi graduated from the Cavalry Division of the NCO School in Tokyo, Japan, and was the instructor of the Nanjing Army Cavalry School. His brother Sheng already served as a member of the Governor of Xinjiang Jin Shuren's staff when in 1932 Shiqi became the chief of the security guards of the Xinjiang Border Defence Office. All this occurred within the frame of fierce fighting between the Hui forces of General Ma Zhongying aligned with the Nationalist government and Xinjiang's provincial government. As Ma's forces were sieging Ürümqi between December 1932 and March 1933, and Jin started to lose the hold on the city, Sheng Shicai arrived to seize the power by himself, with the support from the White Russians and the provincial bureaucrats. The coup leaders appointed him the Commissioner of the Xinjiang Border Defence, i. e., Military Governor or duban on 14 April 1933. During Sheng Shicai's rule, Xinjiang was effectively under the Soviet control, largely independent from the Nationalist government. In 1934, Shiqi married Chen Xiuying, a daughter of a local magistrate. He went to Moscow in May 1937 to study at the Moscow Military Academy "Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze". His wife lived with him and was completely Russified while in Moscow. In the winter of 1941–42, after his studies, he returned to Xinjiang, and was given command of a motorized brigade in Ürümqi. According to his brother Sheng, Shiqi contributed greatly to the training of Xinjiang's motorized brigade, in consolidating Xinjiang's administration and strengthening border defenses. The position of the brigade commander gave Shiqi extensive military power. Murder With the German forces invading the Soviet Union, Sheng Shicai used the opportunity to end the Soviet influence by striking down the Chinese communists, who served as the Soviet proxies and to approach the Central government. Shiqi was murdered on 19 March 1942.