resulting in an extensive range of cognitive and physical issues. Another example includes the identification of cutaneous lesions. In this case, scientists discovered insufficient anchoring fibrils in the basement membrane, which caused the skin to be more fragile. In both instances, scientists identified a specific antigen to target in order to use immune electron microscopy to discover and learn more about these diseases. Renal Biopsies Initially, renal biopsies used immunofluorescence microscopy, which provided lower resolution than immunoelectron microscopy. Before switching from light microscopy to electron microscopy, the results showed numerous biopsies calling for additional electron microscopy to ensure a more accurate diagnosis. The additional use of immunoelectron microscopy occurred both to make the initial diagnosis and to confirm the findings of the light microscopy. Scientists decided to complete a research study on the effectiveness of each type of microscopy. In many cases using only light microscopy, physicians could not make an initial diagnosis. A few even had incorrect diagnoses. The type of diagnosis also played a crucial role in the experiment. Fluorescence light microscopy accurately identified some diagnoses with no need to follow up. Others were much more difficult to differentiate and needed electron microscopy. Even in the patients where immunofluorescence microscopy yielded the correct results, researchers still believed confirmation was needed. The results of this study demonstrated the need to switch from light microscopy to electron microscopy for renal biopsy diagnosis. References Electron microscopy