or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. The Whites Creek sewage aqueduct is a major and highly visible component of the Northern Main Sewer extension of the Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer completed in 1897. The extension provided for the sewerage of the areas of densely populated inner-western suburbs of Balmain, Annandale and Glebe. The aqueduct is particularly associated with the engineer W. J. Baltzer, and the firm Carter Gummow & Co. early advocates of the use of reinforced concrete (the Monier system) in this country of which this is one. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The sewage aqueduct is a prominent element in the historic built environment of Annandale. The aqueduct in consideration of its length, height and slender proportions is an impressive sight , and a landmark in Sydney. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The aqueduct is a major element of the historic built environment of the local government area of Leichhardt and provides a focus for an understanding to the contemporary community of the historical development of the local area. It is listed by the National Trust of Australia (NSW), the Australian Heritage Commission, and the Institution of Engineers. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The aqueduct is one of the first major constructions undertaken using reinforced concrete in NSW and one of the first in Australia. The built fabric is therefore a unique repository for the study of the early development of reinforced construction. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Rare in Australia in consideration of the extent and date of the reinforced construction technique. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. Representative in its function which is widespread across Sydney. See also References Bibliography Attribution New South Wales State Heritage Register Lilyfield, New South Wales Sewerage infrastructure in Sydney Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register Aqueducts in Australia