legislative branch (), which creates the law (), and the executive branch (), which applies the law (). The executive branch has two subdivisions: the administrative branch (), which deals with public administration, and the judicial branch (), which deals with conflict resolution. The constitution, accordingly, refers to supreme executive organs as organs of the . Article 19, on the other hand, refers to the supreme organs of the . Assuming this discrepancy is not simply due to a lapse of attention on the part of Kelsen, not an author generally noted for sloppiness, Article 19 was never meant to provide a definition of "supreme executive organ". Modern case law and the modern scholarly literature agree that the best approach is to simply be literal: a person or collegial body that is clearly meant to be supreme, executive, and an organ should be treated as a member of the class of supreme executive organs. The enumeration in Article 19 should be considered relevant only in the context of Article 19 itself: it should be read as a list of people that can be made subject to incompatibility legislation and should otherwise be ignored. List of supreme executive organs In charge of public-facing substantive administration: President Chancellor Ministers in general The cabinet as a whole Governors Members of provincial governments in general, in some provinces and under certain circumstances The provincial governments themselves Municipal councils In charge of the internal procedural management of courts, legislatures, or agencies: The president of the Constitutional Court The president of the Supreme Administrative Court The president of the National Council The president of the Ombudsman Board () The president of the Court of Auditors Citations References Politics of Austria Government of Austria Constitution of Austria