Arthur Calvin Newby (December 29, 1865—September 11, 1933) was an American businessman and pioneer of the bicycle and automotive industries in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was best known as one of the founders of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Early life Newby was born near Monrovia, Indiana but his family moved to Kansas City then California. Newby returned to Indiana in his late-teens and moved to Indianapolis. He took jobs working in stores around the city before he worked his way up to head bookkeeper at Nordyke Marmon & Company, a milling machinery manufacturer. One of the partners of this company, Daniel W. Marmon, later founded the Marmon Motor Car Company, whose Wasp vehicle was driven to victory by Ray Harroun at the inaugural running of the Indianapolis 500. A keen cyclist, Newby helped to create the Zig-Zag Bicycling Club in the 1890s and remained its secretary for many years. Career Indianapolis Stamping Company Newby established the Indianapolis Chain and Stamping Company in December 1890 with partners Edward C. Fletcher and Glenn Howe to make Diamond bicycle chains and other bicycle components. They supplied about 60 percent of the nation's bicycle chains. They were joined by Charles E. Test. After the end-of-the-century bicycle sales slump they sold the stamping company to American Bicycle Company in 1899. L. M. Wainwright and associates bought the business from American Bicycle and named it Diamond Chain Company. At the same time Arthur Newby was involved with Hay and Willits Manufacturing Company, which made Outing bicycles. Newby Oval His interest in cycling continued when in 1898 Newby commissioned architect Herbert Foltz to design a cycling track at the corners of 30th and North Meridian Streets in Indianapolis. The Newby Oval was completed in 1899. Its quarter-mile oval track became one of the fastest tracks in the country and brought out racers such as Eddie Bald, Tom Cooper, and Marshall "Major" Taylor to compete in front of crowds of over 8,000 spectators. The popularity of cycling began to wane after the turn of the 20th century, and by 1903 the track was dismantled and no longer in operation. National Motor Vehicle Company With Charles Test and other investors, Newby founded the National Motor Vehicle Company in 1900. National began by producing electric runabout style vehicles before switching to radiator style vehicles in 1905. National began producing racing cars, and in 1912 a National car won the second running