jobs and GDP growth. In December 2019, Thea M. Lee and Robert E. Scott of the Economic Policy Institute criticized USMCA as "weak tea, at best" because it would have "virtually no measurable impacts on wages or incomes for U.S. workers," noting that "The benefits are tiny, and it's highly uncertain whether the deal will be a net winner or loser, in the end." In June 2020, the Nikkei Asian Review reported that Japanese auto companies are opting to "triple Mexican pay rather than move to US" in order to avoid tariffs on automotive parts. See also North American integration Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North American Leaders' Summit (NALS) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) US public opinion on the North American Free Trade Agreement China–United States trade war Notes References Further reading Beaulieu, Eugene, and Dylan Klemen. "You Say USMCA or T-MEC and I Say CUSMA: The New NAFTA-Let's Call the Whole Thing On." The School of Public Policy Publications'' (2020) online. External links Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada 12/13/19 Text, subject to legal review on the official website of the Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2018 establishments in North America 2018 in American politics 2018 in Canadian politics 2018 in Mexican politics 2019 in American politics 2019 in Canadian politics 2019 in Mexican politics 2020 in American politics 2020 in Canadian politics 2020 in Mexican politics Economy of North America History of Canada (1992–present) Modern Mexico Presidency of Donald Trump Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States Free trade agreements of Canada Free trade agreements of Mexico Free trade agreements of the United States Treaties concluded in 2018 Trade blocs Territorial entities in North America Canada–United States trade relations Free-trade areas International organizations based in the Americas