ligands (PD-L1) and PD-L2). PD-1 is a co-inhibitory receptor that is an important checkpoint protein for regulating T-cell tolerance. When PD-1 is constantly stimulated by PD-1 ligands, which are highly expressed in cancer cells, it allows cancer cells to dodge T-cell mediated immune responses. Therefore, blocking the binding of PD-1 to these ligands can allow T-cells to function normally and prevent tumor cells from bypassing immune surveillance. In mouse tumor models, it was shown that inhibiting PD-1 activity decreased tumor growth. Efficacy In the Garnet Trial, dostarlimab achieved favorable results in decreasing the size of the tumor in those with endometrial cancer. The study observed people with endometrial cancer from seven different countries and the size of the tumor was reduced in 42% of the population studied. Dostarlimab exhibits better efficacy than other PD-1 inhibitors, such as avelumab and durvalumab, in dMMR advanced endometrial cancers. Efficacy of the drug is measured by the response rate, which is 47% for dostarlimab. History In 2020, dostarlimab, a PD-1inhibitor, was undergoing phase I/II and phase III clinical trials. In 2020, the manufacturer, Tesaro, announced preliminary successful results from the phase I/II GARNET study. In 2020, the Garnet study announced that dostarlimab had promising potential to treat a specific subset of individuals with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer. In April 2021, dostarlimab was approved for the treatment of recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), which are genetic abnormalities that disrupt DNA repair, in individuals who had previously been treated with platinum-containing regimens. In April 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli, GSK). Efficacy was evaluated based on cohort (A1) in Garnet Trial (NCT02715284), a multicenter, multicohort, open-label trial in participants with advanced solid tumors. In 2022, an early clinical study of dostarlimab reported a 100% remission rate in 14 patients with rectal cancer who had mismatch repair deficiency, a type of genetic mutation that only affects 5-10% of cases. In February 2023, the FDA approved dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli, GlaxoSmithKline LLC) for adults with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that has progressed on or following a prior platinum-containing regimen in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Society and culture Dostarlimab is the international nonproprietary name (INN), and the United States Adopted Name (USAN). Legal status In February 2021, the Committee