and including an automatic finder. Also in 1935 Arnold invented a mechanism which allowed film crews to drop "free heads" on large cameras. This lessened the uneven movement which existed on the cameras. In 1935, not only was he re-elected to the MPA's technical committee, but he was also elected to their Board of Governors, representing technicians. By 1936 Arnold's title at MGM had become "executive director of photography." In 1936 Arnold developed two pieces of camera equipment which made it possible to better film operation on boats. Developed them for the film, Captains Courageous, they were called the "iron egg" and "the self-wiping windshield". The former was a weighted pendulum which hung from the bottom of the camera, acting as a counterweight and giving stability to the camera on a moving deck. The latter was a piece of plate glass which rotated very quickly, and with pressure plates to keep the glass free from water and spray. In 1937, Arnold decided not to run, due to potential conflicts of interest with his position at MGM, and was replaced by Victor Milner, who was elected in October 1937. After stepping down from the presidency, Arnold was awarded a "gold life card" by the ASC. In 1938 Arnold contributed to the book, How We Make the Movies. The tome was an account of how movies were made, with each aspect of filmmaking covered by an authority in that field. It was "... designed for the general reader and for class room study in schools and colleges. Told in simple, informative and graphic style, the book covers the entire field, from the selection of the story, to the editing of the film." Arnold was asked to write the chapter on cinematography. At the Tenth Academy Awards in 1938 Arnold was awarded an Oscar for technical development for his work on the semi-automatic follow focus device used on motion picture cameras. Following his break in 1938, Arnold was elected once again to the presidency of the ASC in 1939, a post he would hold through 1941. Arnold developed the Ro Crane in 1939, which became the standard crane used at MGM in the 1940s and 1950s. 1940s and 1950s Arnold won his second Oscar in 1940 for his development of the mobile camera crane. Also in 1940, he was re-elected as president of the American Society of Cinematographers. By the end of 1940