Réunion Island, drum lines are used in conjunction with long lines. Réunion currently kills about 100 sharks per year. In Hawaii, a systematic shark cull took place between 1959 and 1976; the cull in Hawaii killed 4,668 sharks. Dunedin, New Zealand culled sharks for 40 years – their cull ended in 2011. Alternative strategies Beach patrols and spotter aircraft are commonly used alternatives to netting or deploying drum lines to protect popular swimming beaches. However aerial patrols have limited effectiveness in reducing shark attacks. Opponents of the cull are calling for a variety of non-lethal alternatives to baited drum lines to be implemented as substitute safety measures. These include more comprehensive shark tagging efforts and associated tracking and notification systems, capture and translocation of sharks to offshore waters, research into shark feeding and foraging behaviour, public shark threat education programs and encouraging higher risk user groups (surfers, spear-fishers and divers) to use personal shark protection technology. In South Australia, spotter planes and patrolled swimming beaches are the methods used by the state government to mitigate against shark attacks. During the late 2000s and early 2010s, drum lines and long lines were used in Recife, Brazil to relocate sharks (though, some marine life died during that program). Personal shark protection Examples of personal shark protection technology include wearing or attaching electronic shark deterrents such as Shark Shield to surfboards, or wearing interruption patterned or camouflage wetsuits to reduce swimmers' visibility to sharks when in the water. See also List of fatal shark-incidents in Australia List of threatened sharks Shark attack Shark attack prevention Shark culling Speciesism Notes References External links Media conference at which then Fisheries Minister Troy Buswell announced the new shark control measures (video, 31 minutes), 10 December 2013 Animal culling Cruelty to animals Coastline of Western Australia Shark attack prevention Shark attacks in Australia