of the denominations in numerical terms. Their greatest strength was in rural Wales, notably Anglesey, Caernarfonshire, Merionethshire and Ceredigion. Independents The Congregationalists, usually referred to as the Independents in the Welsh context, were especially strong in south Wales, notably in Carmarthenshire and Glamorgan. Baptists Baptist strength was more concentrated, primarily in Glamorgan and Carmarthenshire, but also in Pembrokeshire on both sides of the linguistic divide. Wesleyans The Wesleyans were not particularly strong in Wales and were more anglicised. Other denominations Unitarians flourished in the Teifi Valley in West Wales and also in small pockets in Glamorgan, such as Aberdare. There were small Quaker congregations in Cardiff and Swansea. 1904–1905 Welsh Revival The 1904–1905 Welsh Revival was the last revival in Wales and was again essentially a Nonconformist and Welsh-language phenomenon. It is believed that at least 100,000 were involved in the 1904–1905 revival, but historians generally regard it as the last great outpouring of a nonconformist movement that then went into gradual decline, a process exacerbated by the First World War. Nonconformity and Welsh society Historians have debated the influence of Nonconformity upon Welsh society. From one perspective there was an inherently conservative aspect to Welsh Nonconformity in particular. Sabbatarianism was taken to extremes, with the Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881 as its high water mark. The influence of this Act persisted in some parts of Wales until the very late 20th century, with public houses in some counties staying closed on Sundays. This reflected a close interaction between Nonconformity and temperance movements such as the Good Templars, and "taking the pledge" to abstain from alcohol became a formative part of chapel culture. To some, such as the writer Caradoc Evans, Welsh Nonconformity was imbued with hypocrisy and double standards, especially as the increasingly respectable ethos of a middle class composed of professionals, shopkeepers and "respectable" working men dominated the leadership of the chapels. Women were very largely sidelined and denied any positions of responsibility, even though they comprised the majority of the congregations. Denominationalism, based on rivalries between neighbouring chapels, was often rampant and could be seen at its worst in local elections to bodies such as School Boards. There were even divisions within denominations, and many of the numerous chapels built in the generation before the First World War resulted from a schism in the mother church. But in other ways Nonconformity could be seen as having a