physicist Louis Leakey, archaeologist and naturalist credited with the discovery of Homo habilis John Marrack, immunologist Alfred Marshall, economist William McDougall, psychologist James McKeen Cattell, psychologist Louis J. Mordell, mathematician Seymour Papert, computer scientist Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, inventor of the steam turbine Rudolf Peierls, physicist Sir Roger Penrose, mathematical physicist and philosopher Cedric Price, architect Richard A. Proctor, astronomer Richard Samworth, statistician Vikram Sarabhai, father of the Indian space programme Edmund Sharpe, architect David Stoddart OBE, biogeographer James Joseph Sylvester, mathematician Brook Taylor, mathematician William West Jr, botanist George Stephen West, Hutchinson research student, botanist Sir Maurice Wilkes, one of the founding fathers of modern computer science, and inventor of the first stored program digital computer John Tuzo Wilson, geophysicist and geologist who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics Nobel Prize winners Sir Edward Appleton, winner of the Nobel prize for Physics, for discovering the Appleton layer Max Born (affiliated), Nobel laureate in Physics Sir John Cockcroft, Nobel prize-winning physicist who first split the atom Allan Cormack, Nobel laureate in Medicine or Physiology for the invention of the CAT scan Paul Dirac, Nobel laureate in Physics and one of the founders of Quantum Mechanics Sir Nevill Francis Mott, awarded Nobel prize for Physics for work on the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids Abdus Salam, Nobel laureate in Physics, for unifying the electromagnetic force and the weak force Frederick Sanger, molecular biologist and one of only four double Nobel Prize winners Maurice Wilkins, awarded Nobel prize for Medicine or Physiology with Watson and Crick for discovering the structure of DNA Eric Maskin, Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" Roger Penrose, Nobel Prize in Physics, "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Royal Medal winners Three Royal Medals, known also as the Queen's Medals, are awarded annually by the Sovereign upon the recommendation of the Council of the Royal Society, "two for the most important contributions to the advancement of Natural Knowledge (one in the physical and one in the biological sciences) and the other for distinguished contributions in the applied sciences". The first Royal Medal was awarded in 1826 and previous recipients include thirty-eight Johnians. Arts, sports and literature Douglas Adams, author Rob Andrew, England rugby footballer John Andrews, crime and