materials. However, they have also created the additional challenge of being able to separate the various components in order to be able to conduct the proper analysis on them. Some of these breakdowns have also been found to interfere with the action of some of the enzymes used during PCR. Finally, one of the largest challenge in extracting ancient DNA, particularly in ancient human DNA, is in contamination during PCR. Small amounts of human DNA can contaminate the reagents used for extraction and PCR of ancient DNA. These problems can be overcome by rigorous care in the handling of all solutions as well as the glassware and other tools used in the process. It can also help if only one person performs the extractions, to minimize different types of DNA present. See also Ancient DNA Ancient protein Archaeogenetics Fossils Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Models of DNA Evolution Molecular evolution Paleobiochemistry Paleobiology Paleobotany References Paleobiology Evolutionary biology Subfields of paleontology Ancient DNA (human) Fossils