a north–south, or east–west direction. Green keepers and Greens Directors will alter the direction of play to assist in managing the quality of the greens over a season. Most competitions play north–south, to avoid players looking directly into the sun. East-west play is often used for social games. This does not apply to the Crown Green game of bowls which utilises the entire green surface and is not divided into rinks. no score: if at the completion of the end, a measure for the shot determines that both teams (or players) have one bowl of equal distance from the jack (or both have a bowl touching the jack), no score is recorded. For games that are based on a number of ends, the end still counts in the total number of ends to be played. O open hand: refers to the side of the rink that has the clearest path for a draw shot. See also forehand and backhand. opening day: when a club holds its first event for the year or season. Often a club will hold a formal ceremony on this day, with the club champion and a local community representative, such as the mayor, councillor, or politician, invited to officially open the greens. on the dot: refers to a position on the green which is designated as the furthermost distance on the rink where a jack is placed. If a lead rolls the jack, and it travels past this predetermined mark, the jack will be placed "on the dot" prior to the first bowl being delivered. In some jurisdictions this is known as the 2 metre mark. outdoor bowls: refers to the variation of bowls which is governed by World Bowls and the crystal mark rules. Whilst using the term "outdoor" there are many venues where this variation of bowls is played in greens constructed within a covered building. See also indoor bowls carpet bowls. outer ring: on one side of a bowl, there are one or 2 large concentric circles, indicating that this is the non biased side, or the side away from which the bowl will turn once delivered out of the hand. See also (inner ring). P pace: See speed. pairs: a team game where each team consists of two(2) players, a lead, and a skip. peg: See boundary peg. pennant: a team based competition run at a county or state based level. plinth: