Klayman v. Obama, 957 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C., 2013), was a decision by the United States District Court for District of Columbia finding that the National Security Agency's (NSA) bulk phone metadata collection program was unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment. The ruling was later overturned on jurisdictional grounds, leaving the constitutional implications of NSA surveillance unaddressed. Background The lawsuit arose in the wake of disclosures by Edward Snowden in 2013, revealing a system of global surveillance by the NSA and its international partners. In one particular revelation, The Guardian reported that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, at the request of the NSA, had ordered Verizon to hand over several months' worth of personal communications records for many of its customers. The phone numbers of both parties on a call were handed over, as was the call's location, time, and duration. Shortly after the disclosures, conservative activist Larry Klayman, along with several co-plaintiffs, filed suit and named the Obama Administration as the defendant. In a complaint known as Klayman I, Klayman sued on behalf of Verizon Wireless customers against the NSA, the Department of Justice, Verizon Communications, President Barack Obama, Attorney General Eric Holder, and NSA Director General Keith B. Alexander. This complaint alleged that the NSA communications surveillance constituted a search of each person's personal data, and thus required a warrant under the Fourth Amendment. In the Klayman II complaint, Klayman sued the same government defendants as well as Facebook, Yahoo!, Google, Microsoft, YouTube, AOL, PalTalk, Skype, Sprint, AT&T, and Apple under the allegation that those companies collaborated with the NSA to hand over data during the surveillance program. In addition to the constitutional argument, this complaint added an allegation of a violation of Section 2702 of the Stored Communications Act. Klayman and his co-plaintiffs also alleged that the government was behind inexplicable phone calls and text messages sent to and from their phone numbers. District court ruling The case was heard at the United States District Court for District of Columbia, combining the Klayman I and Klayman II complaints. On December 16, 2013, Judge Richard J. Leon ruled that bulk collection of American telephone metadata likely violates the Fourth Amendment. Leon wrote: I cannot imagine a more "indiscriminate" and "arbitrary" invasion than this systematic and high-tech collection and retention of personal data on virtually every single citizen for purposes of querying and analyzing it without prior judicial approval [...] Surely,