security spending surpassed external defense by 13%. In 2017, China's spending on domestic security was estimated to be US$197 billion, excluding spending on security-related urban management and surveillance technology initiatives. In the same year, the central government's total public security spending in Xinjiang reached 57.95 billion RMB, the equivalent of US$9.16 billion, which is ten times the spending of the previous decade. In 2018, China spent the equivalent of US$20 billion purchasing closed-circuit television cameras and other surveillance equipment. This large number of purchases reaches half the size of the global market's, according to an estimate reported in a state newspaper. See also 50 Cent Party of Chinese state paid internet commentators Chinese intelligence activity abroad Digital Authoritarianism Disease surveillance in China Great Firewall Human flesh search engine References External links an official document about strengthening Internet surveillance released by National Development and Reform Commission China Human rights abuses in China Cyberwarfare by China