months against the Yahi. California's Pitt River Expedition 1859 Yana attacked, rounded up and removed from their homeland by a state militia expedition. August 5, 1861. Skirmish in the Upper Pit River Valley with the Achomawi. August 15–22, 1861. Expedition from Fort Crook to the Pit River August 19. Skirmish near Kellogg's Lake, Cal. 1865 Mill Creek Fight, 40 Yahi killed by settler posse following the Workman Massacre. 1865 Silva Massacre, 30 Yahi killed by settler posse. 1866 Three Knolls Massacre, 40 Yahi killed by settler posse, including Ishi’s father 1867 Camp Seco Massacre, 45 Yahi killed by settler posse. 1871 Kingsley Cave Massacre, 30 Yahi killed by settler posse. Bald Hills War (1858–1864) Involving first California Militia, then settler Volunteers, then U. S. Army forces, and finally California Volunteers against the Chilula, Lassik, Hupa, Mattole, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Tsnungwe, Wailaki, Whilkut and Wiyot Native American peoples. Wintoon War 1858-1859 Federal Peacekeeping fails, State inaction, Settler militia campaigns 1859-1861 1860 Wiyot Massacre 1st California Volunteer Campaign 1862 Smith River Reservation (1862–1868), acted as a replacement for the flooded Klamath River Reservation and as a POW camp for the natives captured in the Bald Hills War. Two Years War 1863-1864 Mendocino War 1859–1860 against the Yuki. Bitter Spring Expedition 1860 Major James Henry Carleton, with reinforced First Regiment of Dragoons, Company K, attacked suspected Paiute raiders along the Los Angeles - Salt Lake Road. August 3–12, 1861. Scout from Fort Crook to Round Valley, in Mendocino County Owens Valley Indian War (1862–1865) War against the Owens Valley Paiutes or Numa and their allies. Lt. Colonel Evans Campaigns Keyesville Massacre (April 19, 1863) Captain McLaughlin's Campaign (April 24 - July 31, 1863) Owens Lake Massacre (January 6, 1865) Mojave Desert Indian Campaign 1866 - 1870 Chemehuevi raids resulting in the killing of some miners and ranchers in the San Bernardino Mountains and Mojave Desert during 1866 provoked retaliation by a San Bernardino County posse. Skirmish of Rabbit Springs 1867 Defeat of Chemehuevi at Rabbit Springs by a county posse. Federal Cavalry patrol Mohave Desert from Camp Cady and other posts along the Mojave Road 1868-1870 Skirmish at Rainy Springs Canyon March 12, 1867 U.S. Cavalry from Fort Independence pursue and defeat Panamint Shoshone raiders after their raid on the Spanish Mines. 1872–1880 Modoc War, or Modoc Campaign (1872–1873): 53 Modoc warriors under Captain Jack held off 675 men of the U.S. Army for