point of coming to rest, or using a timing ramp. The result will be a time, in seconds, usually to 2 decimal places. timing ramp: a custom designed piece of equipment that calculated the speed of the green. the ramp uses a ball, which is delivered down the ramp in several locations on the green, and a calculation table is then used to convert the results into a time, in seconds. The timing ramp tries to overcome the variances in manually timing a green using a stopwatch and delivery of a bowl by hand. See also timing the green toss: a call made when determining which player or team will deliver the first bowl at the start of a game. One player will toss a coin end over end, and calling "heads" or "tails" refers to the coin stopping with the head or tail of the coin are facing upward. toucher: a bowl that makes contact with the jack during its initial delivery. trail: playing a bowl so that it moves the jack from its current position to a position further sideways or backwards along the rink. triples: a team game where each team consists of three(3) players, a lead, second, and skip trial end: (a.k.a. roll up) a warm up end, without scoring, to enable players to test their bowls in the conditions before a game starts.. U umpire: An official nominated by the competition organiser to provide adjudication of the rules of competition, and to interpret the rules of bowls in the event of a dispute. Once an umpire is called, the decision of the umpire is final and binding on all players involved in the dispute. unbiased: refers to a bowl or jack that has no bias. In most forms of the sport, the jack does not have a bias, and some indoor versions of the sport also have bowls with no bias. crown green Bowls have both a biased jack and bowl. up: expression to confirm if you or your team have one or more bowls closest to the jack. If a marker is providing this information in a singles game, the marker can also indicate this status by holding a clenched fist upwards towards the sky. V W walkover: where a player or team is unable to contest a pre-arranged game, either through non arrival, late arrival, or not having sufficient players to constitute a