thus reserving the last bowl of the end for themselves. After the first (end), the winner of the end automatically get the mat and the first bowl of the next end. Some controlling bodies have experimented with an additional rule allowing the winner of the end to decide if the keep the mat or give the mat away. Having the last bowl of an end is seen as an advantage, particularly at the highest levels of competition. kill: a bowl delivered in such a way that results in the jack falling outside the boundary of the rink. Once killed, an end is normally replayed, either from the same direction, or from the opposite end by agreement with the opposition. Some competitions require the jack to be spotted on a pre-arranged part of the green if the jack falls outside the rink boundaries, with play continuing with the remaining bowls after being spotted. kiss: a bowl that glances either the jackor another bowl, resulting in a slight movement of the jack or bowl involved. kitty: (a.k.a. jack) is the small white ball that defined the target, or mark, for all other bowls to be played towards. In outdoor bowls the kitty has no bias, but in Crown Green bowls, the kitty has a bias similar to the bowl itself. knock-out: in a competition game, the winner progresses to the next round, however the loser is eliminated, thus being "knocked out" of, the competition. L lawn bowling: traditionally and historical, the game of Bowls was played on grass fields or greens, and thus was known as lawn bowls. With advances in construction techniques, and the introduction of artificial surfaces, in the evolution of the game it has become known as Bowls. lead: in a team of 2 or more, the player who delivers his bowl first is known as the lead. The lead has specific duties, including rolling the jack when his team is the first to bowl on a particular end. length: refers to the amount of force required when delivering a bowl to reach the desired target. For a draw bowl, the required force would result in the bowl stopping at a point parallel to the jack. See also line lifter: a piece of equipment, usually made of metal, which enables a player to pick up a bowl from the green without the need to bend down. Often used by