Vera Frenkel D. Litt (born November 10, 1938) is a Canadian multidisciplinary artist based in Toronto. Her installations, videotapes, performances and new media projects address the forces at work in human migration, the learning and unlearning of cultural memory, and the ever-increasing bureaucratization of experience. Vera Frenkel was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, lived in England during her childhood and resided in Canada for her adult life. Frenkel graduated with a degree in Fine Arts from McGill University in 1959, then pursued further studies in Montreal under Arthur Lismer and Albert Dumouchel. She has exhibited in solo and group shows in Canada and internationally since the early 1970s. Her work has been exhibited at Documenta IX, the Offenes Kulturhaus, Linz; the Setagaya Art Museum, Tokyo, the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and the Biennale di Venezia. Major exhibitions Frenkel's solo exhibitions include the following: Likely Stories: Text/Image/Sound Works for Video and Installation (Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, Ontario, 1982); Raincoats, Suitcases, Palms (Art Gallery of York University, Toronto, 1993); from the Transit Bar (Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, The Power Plant Contemporary Art Gallery, Toronto, 1994–95, and National Gallery of Canada, 1996); and Body Missing (Offenes Kulturhaus, Linz, Austria 1996; Gesellschaft für Aktuelle Kunst, Bremen, Germany, 1996–97). In recent years, Frenkel has exhibited her works at Centre Culturel Canadien (Paris, 2002) and the Freud Museum (London, UK, 2003). Between November 15 and December 28, 2014, the Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art presented Ways of Telling, an exhibition presenting Frenkel's work from the early 1970s to present, including her more recent works. ONCE NEAR WATER: Notes from the Scaffolding Archive (2008) and The Blue Train (2012–2014). The exhibit was curated by the National Gallery of Canada's Associate Curator, Contemporary Art, Jonathan Shaughnessy. Some examples of Frenkel's group exhibitions include the following: OKanada (Akademie der Künste, Berlin, 1982–83); Vestiges of Empire (Camden Arts Centre, London, UK, 1984); Rebel Girls: A Survey of Canadian Feminist Videotapes 1974-1988 (National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1989);...from the Transit Bar (Documenta IX, Kassel, Germany, 1992); Shifting Paradigms (Bucharest, 1994); Beyond National Identities (Tokyo, Kyoto, and Sapporo, Japan, 1995); and Archival Dialogues: Reading the Black Star Collection (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2012). Work In 1974, Frenkel worked with the Bell Canada Teleconferencing Studios to produce the work String Games: Improvisations for Inter-City Video, the first artwork in Canada to use telecommunications technologies. This was