planning and international cooperation. Due to Jordan's lack of water resources, these humanitarian efforts are designed to alleviate the burden of water scarcity exacerbated by the increased population in the wake of the Syrian revolution. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Among Refugee Women and Girls Gender-based violence (GBV) is a term that includes violence that is sexual, physical, mental, or economic in nature.1 This violence can be inflicted in public or in private and can also include coercion, manipulation, and threats of violence. Examples of GBV are intimate partner violence (IPV), child marriage, sexual assault, female genital mutilation, and honor crimes. GBV typically stems from unequal power dynamics between the perpetrator and the subject of the violence, in this case rooted gender inequity. Research shows that refugee populations are at a higher susceptibility of experiencing GBV, due to risk factors such as armed conflict and proximity to armed actors, displacement, deteriorating socioeconomic and environmental conditions, and a lack of security on settlement premises. Syrian refugee populations are unlike any other refugee population, because 93.7% of refugees reside in urban areas and not refugee camps. It is important to note that stability, opportunity, and access are not necessarily guaranteed in an urban setting. In fact, over 60% of Syrian refugees live in poverty. There is inequitable access and distribution of basic needs and services, as well as unequal access to educational opportunities or employment. As for GBV, it is an interesting and important case study for the intersection of displacement, trauma, and semi-permanent settlement in poor urban zones. Jordan hosts millions of refugees from Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Palestine, Somalia, and Sudan. The majority of refugees do not live in refugee settlements, rather they live in the host community and are mostly concentrated in Amman. Women and girls make up more than half of the Syrian refugee population, with evidence shows that young Syrian refugee women experience GBV at the hands of their husbands and family members, Jordanian men, and even aid workers. Locations where GBV take place include the home, at work, at school and in public areas. Inside refugee camps, girls aged 12 to 18 years are typically the targets of domestic and sexual violence. Many stated that they experienced more SGBV since their displacement. Among Syrian refugees, rates of child marriages increased 14% from 2012 to the first quarter of 2014. More than half the female respondents of one