KwaZulu-Natal between 1990 and 2011, while there were 20 fatal attacks in the same period at unprotected beaches in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces. Drumlines have also been used with great success in Recife, Brazil where the number of attacks has been shown to have reduced by 97% when the drumlines are deployed. The policy was supported by the ruling of the WA Supreme Court in which Justice James Edelman rejected an application from the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society for an immediate injunction to have the baited drumlines removed. The Environmental Protection Authority of Western Australia initially ruled out assessing the policy, stating in March 2014 that due to its limited timeframe and small scale the policy posed a negligible risk to the environment. Paul Vogel, the chairman of the EPA, said that public opinion did not form the basis for an environmental impact assessment, and that "The risk assessment and the expert advice we got from competent, professional scientists in this area says there is a negligible risk to the target and non-target species of sharks from this proposal". In April 2014, the Authority announced that it had set a Public Environmental Review level of assessment on shark policy, with a four-week public submission period. The policy also received the support of a group of surfers in Margaret River. Opposition The policy has been heavily criticised by animal rights activists and their supporters, including those of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, No Shark Cull Inc., Humane Society International, Animals Australia, Australian Marine Conservation Society, Greenpeace Australia, Animal Justice Party and Surfrider Foundation. Several marine scientists from the University of Western Australia have publicly expressed their concerns about the policy, including Jessica Meeuwig, director of the Centre for Marine Futures, Shaun Collin, Professor and Research Fellow of the School of Animal Biology and the Oceans Institute, and Ryan Kempster, shark biologist. They argue that such culls are cruel, unnecessary, unscientific, speciesist, and cause damage to the marine ecosystem. The Australian Labor Party expressed opposition to the cull, and the Australian Greens political party also condemned the policy. Celebrities voicing their opposition to the cull include surfer Kelly Slater, golfer Greg Norman (aka The Shark), shark attack survivor and author Rodney Fox, swimmer and UNEP Patron of the Oceans Lewis Pugh, British comedian Ricky Gervais and actor Stephen Fry. Entrepreneur Sir Richard Branson believes that the culling policy is likely