A film coating is a thin polymer-based coat that is typically sprayed on to a solid pharmaceutical dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule, pellet or granule. Film coating can impact both its appearance and its pharmacokinetics making it an essential process in making the final drug product. Film coatings are the most common form of drug coating and are generally applied in orally-administered pharmaceuticals. The motivation for applying film coatings to dosage forms range from cosmetic considerations (colour, gloss and branding), improving the shelf life by providing a protective barrier between the drug and the surrounding environment, and making the dosage form easier to swallow. These types of film coatings are known as non-functional film coatings. They may also be used to delay or augment the delivery and uptake of medications or delay release and uptake until the medication passes through the stomach. These types of film coatings are known as functional film coatings. Process The conventional method of applying film coatings to oral dosage forms includes both a spraying phase and a drying phase. The spraying phase consists of applying a layer of a polymer, plasticizer, colourant, opacifier, solvent, and a vehicle to the oral dosage form's core. Once applied, the oral dosage form is dried by passing hot air over the dosage form, which typically also removes the solvent as well. The final result is a thin film coating with the desired plasticizer, colour, opacifier, and vehicle. Properties Non-functional coating Non-functional film coating involves changes made to the aesthetic of the oral dosage form. Such changes affect an oral dosage form's appearance, organoleptic properties, swallowing properties, and provide protection against harsh environmental conditions that can damage the active pharmaceutical ingredient. These changes are conducted to improve the compliance and effects of the oral dosage form. For instance, changing appearance can be done by changing the colour of the drug, leading to a more appealing product. Changing the swallowing properties can make it easier for those suffering from dysphagia. Finally, adding a film that protects from harsh environments, such conditions include humidity, oxidation, or light, increases the shelf life of the final product. Functional coating Functional film coating provides the same properties as non-functional film coating, but also has added properties that affect drug release. These changes alter the region in the gastrointestinal tract that the final drug product is released. See modified-release dosage and enteric coatings. Types