a recognition of dependence on the mother, without experiencing permanent psychological damage, those who become homosexual do not, perhaps because of their greater inherited megalomania. They begin to hate themselves because of their physical inability to express their aggression, and their attempts to cope with the resulting pain lead to psychic masochism. When they later become physically able to express aggression, they continue to experience frustration because of the punishment they receive, which causes guilt and further reinforces the psychic masochism. In Bergler's view, homosexuals differ from heterosexual neurotics because of their greater infantile fears "centered on the mother image" and their more extensive "masochistic elaboration". Bergler maintains that boys who become homosexuals try to make themselves independent of their mothers by unconsciously viewing their penises as equivalent to their mothers' breasts, based on the similarity in shape between the two organs and the fact that they both produce a fluid. Uncertain of his ability to duplicate the mother's breast, the boy in later life searches for a further duplication in the form of other men's penises, in which he recognizes his own penis. Bergler argues that this accounts for homosexual men's focus on the penises of their sexual partners and disregard for the rest of their bodies, as well as the narcissism of homosexual men, and their tendency to remember histories of feminine identification, expressed in behavior such as playing with dolls and wearing girls' clothes. Bergler maintains that homosexual men unconsciously fear and hate women, and that their sexual attraction to men is due only to these negative attitudes toward women. He writes that homosexual men are typically sexually promiscuous and have contempt for their male sexual partners. Bergler argues that while homosexual men attribute their sexual promiscuity to their desire for variety and their "insatiable sexual appetites", its actual causes are the inherently unsatisfying nature of male homosexual sex and homosexual men's "constant masochistic craving for danger". Bergler writes that homosexual men typically have a tendency toward megalomania. According to Bergler, there are several different types of homosexuality. He identifies twelve types that he refers to as puberal homosexuality, active and passive roles in full-fledged perversion, homosexuality as an unconscious search for a duplicate of oneself as a boy, homosexuality of the positive magic gesture type, homosexuality of the negative magic gesture type, homosexuality of the protective type, homosexuality of the seeking the older protector type, homosexuality