field of the services of the best general he then possessed. Davout directed the gallant, but hopeless, defence of Paris after the Battle of Waterloo. He received the command of the army assembled under the walls of Paris, and would have fought, had he not received the order of the provisional government to negotiate with the enemy. On 24 June 1815, Davout was sent by Joseph Fouché, the president of the provisional government, to the dethroned emperor at the Élysée Palace with a request to quit Paris, where his continued presence could lead to trouble and public danger. Napoleon received him coldly but left Paris the next day and resided at Malmaison until 29 June when he departed for Rochfort. In later years, Napoleon said of Davout bitterly that "he betrayed me too. He has a wife and children; he thought that all was lost; he wanted to keep what he had got," while on another occasion he remarked that, "I thought that Davout loved me, but he loved only France." Subsequently, Davout retired with the army beyond the Loire and made his submission to the restored Bourbon monarchy on 14 July, and within a few days gave up his command to Marshal Jacques MacDonald. Davout was exiled to Louviers on 27 December 1815. He was deprived of his titles upon the second restoration. When some of his subordinate generals were proscribed, he demanded to be held responsible for their acts, as executed under his orders, and he endeavoured to prevent the condemnation of Ney. After half a year, the hostility of the Bourbons towards Davout faded and he became reconciled to the monarchy. In 1817, his rank and titles were restored and in 1819, he became a member of the Chamber of Peers. In 1822, Davout was elected mayor of Savigny-sur-Orge, a position he held for a year. His son Louis-Napoléon, was also mayor of the city from 1843 to 1846. A main square bears their name in the city, as does a boulevard in Paris. Davout died on 1 June 1823. His remains rest in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, where an elaborate tomb marks his grave. Honours and awards Davout held the following honours and awards: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown Grand Cross and Star of the Virtuti Militari Knight Grand Cross of the