howitzer M1. One built, but replaced by the M41 Howitzer Motor Carriage based on the Light Tank M24 chassis. 40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65 Anti-aircraft vehicle based on lengthened M5A1 with Bofors 40 mm gun. Not proceeded with but ideas used in developing M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage using the Light Tank M24 chassis. 20 mm Multiple Gun Motor Carriage T85 Anti-aircraft vehicle based on same chassis as T65 (M5A1). Armed with quad Oerlikon 20 mm cannons. M3/M5 Command Tank M3/M5 with turret replaced by small superstructure with a .50 (12.7 mm) cal. machine gun. T8 Reconnaissance Vehicle M5 with turret removed and mounting for .50 (12.7 mm) cal machine gun M3 with T2 Light Mine Exploder Developed in 1942, was rejected. M3/M3A1 with Ronson flamethrower replacing the main gun. 24 tanks were converted by Seabees for the US Marine Corps in 1943. M5A1 with E5R1-M3 Flame Gun Flame thrower installed instead of the hull machine gun. M3A1 with E5R2-M3 Flame-gun Flame thrower installed in place of hull machine gun. M5 Dozer M5 with dozer blade. Turret was usually removed. M5 with T39 Rocket Launcher T39 launcher with 20 rockets mounted on the top of the turret. Never reached production. M5A1 with E7-7 Flame Gun Flame thrower installed instead of the main gun. M5A1 with E9-9 Flame-throwing equipment Prototype only. M5A1 with E8 Flame-gun Turret replaced by boxy superstructure with flame thrower in a smaller turret. Prototype only. UK variants Stuart Recce Reconnaissance vehicle based on turretless Stuart. Stuart Command Stuart Kangaroo with extra radios. Stuart artillery tractor Another turretless variant similar in appearance to the Recce and Kangaroo. Used to tow the Ordnance QF 17 pounder. Not to be confused with the US M5 Tractor. Brazilian variants In the 1970s, the Brazilian company Bernardini developed a series of radical Stuart upgrades for the Brazilian Army. X1A Based on M3A1, this design had new engine ( Saab-Scania diesel), improved suspension, new upper hull armor, fire controls and DEFA 90 mm gun in a new turret. 80 vehicles were produced. X1A1 An X1A with improved suspension with three bogies (instead of two) each side and raised idler. X1A2 Based on the X1A1, this version retained almost nothing of the original Stuart as even its hull was redesigned. The vehicle weighed , had crew of 3, was armed with 90 mm gun and powered by Saab-Scania diesel. 30 vehicles were produced