Realizing that the Pin and Tube appliance was not easy to control, Angle developed a better option - the Ribbon Arch - which was much simpler to use. Most of its components were already prepared by the manufacturer so it was significantly easier to manage than before. In order to attach the ribbon arch, the occlusal area of the bracket was opened. Brackets were only added to eight incisors and mandibular canines as it would be impossible to insert the arch into both horizontal molar tubes and vertical brackets of adjacent premolars. This lack of understanding posed a considerable challenge to dental professionals; they were unable to make corrections to an excessive Spee curve in bicuspid teeth. Despite the complexity of the situation, it was necessary for practitioners to find a resolution. Unparalleled to its counterparts, what made ribbon arch instantly popular was that its archwire had remarkable spring qualities and could be utilized to accurately align teeth that were misaligned. However, a major drawback of this device was its inability to effectively control root position since it did not have enough resiliency to generate torque movements required for setting roots in their new place. Edgewise Appliance In an effort rectify the issues with the ribbon arch, Angle shifted the orientation of its slot from vertical, instead making it horizontal. In addition, he swapped out the wire and replaced it with a precious metal wire that was rotated by 90 degrees in relation - henceforth known as Edgewise. Following extensive trials, it was concluded that dimensions of 22 × 28 mils were optimal for obtaining excellent control over crown and root positioning across all three planes of space. After debuting in 1928, this appliance quickly become one of the mainstays for multibanded fixed therapy; although ribbon arches continued being utilized for another decade or so beyond this point too. Labiolingual Prior to Angle, the idea of fitting attachments on individual teeth had not been thought of; and in his lifetime, his concern for precisely positioning each tooth was not highly appraised. In addition to using fingersprings for repositioning teeth with a range of removable devices, two main appliance systems were very popular in the initial part of the 20th century. Labiolingual appliances used bands on first molars joined with heavy lingual and labial archwires affixed with soldered fingersprings to shift single teeth. Twin wire Utilizing bands around both incisors and