in 2019 when Annapurna Pictures and MGM renamed a distribution company which is a joint venture between the two companies to United Artists Releasing. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) (1924–1986): one of the Big Five studios, acquired by Ted Turner in 1986, who sold the studio back to Kirk Kerkorian later that year while retaining MGM's pre-May 1986 library; became a mini-major studio upon the sale; emerged from bankruptcy in 2010; now owned by Amazon, which also owns and operates Amazon Studios, Amazon Prime Video, and Amazon Freevee. 20th Century Fox (TCF, 20th, or Fox) (1935–2019): one of the Big Six studios, became part of Walt Disney Studios when The Walt Disney Company acquired Fox's owner in 2019; 20th Century Fox was renamed 20th Century Studios the following year. Mini-majors Mini-major studios (or "mini-majors") are the larger, independent film production companies that are smaller than the major studios and attempt to compete directly with them. Present Past Past mini-majors include: Castle Rock Entertainment – purchased in 1993 by Turner Broadcasting System; TBS merged with Time Warner (now Warner Bros. Discovery) in 1996 Monogram Pictures/Allied Artists Pictures, 1967 – the current entertainment company Allied Artists International is considered the successor to AAP. New Line Cinema – purchased in 1994 by Turner Broadcasting System; TBS merged with Time Warner (now Warner Bros. Discovery) in 1996; New Line merged with Warner Bros. in 2008 Relativity Media – filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 30, 2015. Emerged from bankruptcy in 2016, only to re-file in May 2018, sold to UltraV Holdings Orion Pictures – in 1990, was considered the last of the mini-majors. Purchased in 1988 by Kluge/Metromedia; purchased in 1997 by MGM. Avco Embassy, 1967 – acquired by Norman Lear and Jerry Perenchio in 1982; acquired by the Coca-Cola Company in 1985; its theatrical division acquired by Dino DeLaurentiis in 1986. Sony Pictures currently owns the television rights to most of the theatrical library and the logo, names, and trademarks through its ELP Communications subsidiary TriStar Pictures – consolidated in 1987 into Columbia, one of the partners in the joint venture that created it. DreamWorks Animation – acquired by NBCUniversal in 2016 DreamWorks Pictures – now a label of Amblin Partners of which NBCUniversal (through Universal Pictures) owns a stake The Walt Disney Company/Walt Disney Studios – became a major studio The Weinstein Company – filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy but bought by Lantern Entertainment