means river; the gwas added later by the colonizers) |- |Ita'ĩ |Pebbles (ita means stone) |Kunumĩgûasu |Menino grande, moço |- |Pitangĩ |Little child, baby (Child is pitanga) |Ybytyrusu |Mountain range (from ybytyra, mountain) |} Numerals In Old Tupi, there are only numerals from one to four, both cardinal and ordinal, as the need for mathematical precision was small in a primitive economy. Cardinal numerals can either come after or before the noun they refer to, while ordinals only come after. For example, in the case of cardinal numbers, "mokõî pykasu" and "pykasu mokõî" are equivalent terms, meaning "two pigeons". In the case of ordinals, "ta'yr-ypy" means "first son (of a man)" and "'ara mosapyra" means "third day". Postpositions They are the same as prepositions, but they come after the term they refer to. They are divided into unstressed postpositions, which are appended to the previous word, and stressed postpositions, which are written separately. Just like in Portuguese or English, some verbs require certain postpositions: "Pedo osykyîé o sy suí" (Peter is afraid of his mother; the verb "sykyîé" requires the preposition "suí") "I ruba oma'ẽ o ta'yra resé" (The father looks at his son; the verb "ma'ẽ" requires "resé" Grammatical structure Tupi was an agglutinative language with moderate degree of fusional features (nasal mutation of stop consonants in compounding, the use of some prefixes and suffixes), although Tupi is not a polysynthetic language. Tupi parts of speech did not follow the same conventions of Indo-European languages: Verbs are "conjugated" for person (by means of prepositioning subject or object pronouns) but not for tense or mood (the very notion of mood is absent). All verbs are in the present tense. Nouns are "declined" for tense by means of suffixing the aspect marker (Nominal TAM) but not for gender or number. There is a distinction of nouns in two classes: "higher" (for things related to human beings or spirits) and "lower" (for things related to animals or inanimate beings). The usual manifestation of the distinction was the use of the prefixes t- for high-class nouns and s- for low-class ones, so that tesá meant "human eye", and sesá meant "the eye of an animal". Some authors argue that it is a type of gender inflection. Adjectives cannot be used in the place of nouns, neither as the subject nor as the object nucleus (in fact, they cannot be used alone). Tupi had