by winged Exogryllacris and Gryllotaurus) or jump into water (done by Transaevum nymphs, which feed on streamsides). Life cycle Like other orthopterans, Anostostomatidae go through the three stages of egg, nymph and adult. Life cycles in this family are often long, with egg development taking up to 18 months, nymphal development taking 1-3 years and involving 7-10 instars, and adults living for a year or more. Adult females may brood eggs and young nymphs in isolated chambers. Taxonomy and evolution At least one Cretaceous fossil of an anostostomatid-like cricket is known from Australia but has not been described. The modern distribution of this family in the southern hemisphere has led to speculation that members of this group owe their distribution to the breakup of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana. This may be the case but evidence for the large scale if not total submergence of continental crust in the New Zealand and New Caledonian region in the Oligocene, indicates the possibility that wētā have arrived in these locations since re-emergence of land. The fact that anostostomatid crickets also occur on some Japanese islands supports this possibility. Subfamilies and Genera The Orthoptera Species File lists the following; Anabropsinae Auth.: Rentz & Weissman, 1973 – Americas, Africa, India, E. Asia, Australasia tribe Anabropsini Rentz & Weissman, 1973 Anabropsis Rehn, 1901 (includes subgenera Paterdecolyus Griffini, 1913, Apteranabropsis and Pteranabropsis Gorochov, 1988) Exogryllacris Willemse, 1963: monotypic E. ornata Willemse, 1963 - Australia Melanabropsis Wang & Liu, 2020 - China, Japan tribe Brachyporini Gorochov, 2001 - Southern Africa, Australia Brachyporus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Penalva Walker, 1870 Anostostomatinae Auth.: Saussure, 1859 – Africa (including Madagascar), Australia, New Zealand Anostostoma Apotetamenus Bochus Borborothis Carcinopsis Gryllotaurus Henicus Gray, 1837 Libanasidus, king crickets Motuweta, tusked wētā Nasidius Stål, 1876 Onosandridus Onosandrus Spizaphilus Cratomelinae Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – South America Cratomelus Blanchard, 1851 Deinacridinae Auth.: Karny, 1932 – New Zealand Deinacrida, giant wētā Hemideina, tree wētā Leiomelinae Auth.: Gorochov, 2001 – S. America Leiomelus Ander, 1936 Lezininae Auth.: Karny, 1932 – N. Africa, Middle East Lezina Walker, 1869 Lutosinae Auth.: Gorochov, 1988 – Central & S. America, Africa, PNG Apotetamenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Hydrolutos Issa & Jaffe, 1999 Libanasa Walker, 1869 Licodia Walker, 1869 Lutosa Walker, 1869 Neolutosa Gorochov, 2001 Papuaistus Griffini, 1911 Rhumosa Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2018 Subfamily not assigned tribe Glaphyrosomatini Rentz & Weissman, 1973 Cnemotettix Caudell, 1916 Glaphyrosoma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 incertae sedis