to some accounts, in 1536. Murner was an energetic and passionate character, but made enemies wherever he went. There is little human kindness in his satires, which were directed against the corruption of the times, the Reformation, and especially against Martin Luther. His most powerful satire—the most virulent German satire of the period—is Von dem grossen Lutherischen Narren wie ihn Doctor Murner beschworen hat ("On the Great Lutheran Fool", 1522). Others included Die Narrenbeschwörung (1512); Die Schelmenzunft (1512); Die Gäuchmatt, which treats of enamoured fools (1519), and a translation of Virgil's Aeneid (1515) dedicated to the emperor Maximilian I. Murner also wrote the humorous Chartiludium logicae for the teaching of logic (1507) and the Ludus studentum Friburgensium (1511), besides a translation of Justinian's Institutiones (1519). Murner's satires were edited in the 1840s by Johann Scheible. Notes References 1475 births 1537 deaths People from Obernai German Franciscans 16th-century German poets 16th-century German male writers Christian Hebraists German translators German satirists German male poets 16th-century male writers Translators of Virgil