Umpqua River, Myrtle Creek, and Cow Creek, the Cow Creek people were called Cow Creek Takelma, or The Cow Creek Band. Today, the Cow Creek Band of Upper Umpqua are represented by the following tribes: Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Native Americans Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians, and Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon The Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Native Americans is one of nine federally recognized indigenous Tribal Governments in the State of Oregon. They were the first tribes in the Oregon Territory to sign a treaty with the US government, on September 19, 1853. As a result of the treaty, the Cow Creek Tribe became a landless tribe, ceding more than 800 square miles of Southwestern Oregon to the United States. The Cow Creek Tribe never received the reservation their treaty promised, but even without a reservation, the people remained in their homelands. Southern Molalla The Molala were living along the Deschutes River. They later moved to the headwaters of the Umpqua River and Rogue River. Today, the Molalla people are represented by the following tribes: Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (with 141 of the 882 members in the 1950s claiming Molalla descent) Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians History The Native Americans who lived in the Umpqua region prior to European settlementwere highly dependent on the annual cycle of nature. Their cultures were rich and complex, with distinct rituals, rites and responsibilities. In winter, the people lived in cedar plank houses in permanent villages. Here they made baskets, clothing, tools, and weapons, and recounted a wide variety of stories including creation stories and tales of a magical time when animals and humans shared the same language. In the spring, summer, and fall, they went to seasonal camps to take advantage of seasonally-abundant food resources.The first known contact with whites was with fur trappers in the late 1700s. In the 1820s, the Hudson's Bay Company began intensive trapping of beavers and regular trade with the Native Americans in the Umpqua Basin.Relations with fur trappers were generally good, although there were occasional skirmishes. An especially notorious conflict occurred in 1828 between the Lower Umpqua Indians and a party of fur traders led by Jedediah Smith. Due perhaps to inappropriate advances of Smith's men toward Indian