transition between traditional European art and the new American art. It incorporated European influences from the Constructivists and the Bauhaus movement, and its intensity and smallness of scale were typically European, but his influence fell heavily on American artists of the late 1950s and the 1960s. "Hard-edge" abstract painters drew on his use of patterns and intense colors, while Op artists and conceptual artists further explored his interest in perception. In an article about the artist, published in 1950, Elaine de Kooning concluded that however impersonal his paintings might at first appear, not one of them "could have been painted by any one but Josef Albers himself.". Teaching and influence Although Albers prioritized teaching his students principles of color interaction, he was admired by many of his students for instilling a general approach to all materials and means of engaging it in design. Albers "put practice before theory and prioritised experience; 'what counts,' he claimed 'is not so-called knowledge of so-called facts, but vision – seeing.' His focus was process." Although their relationship was often tense, and sometimes, even combative, Robert Rauschenberg later identified Albers as his most important teacher. Albers is considered to be one of the most influential teachers of visual art in the twentieth century. Noted students of Albers Richard Anuszkiewicz (painter) Ruth Asawa (sculptor) Varujan Boghosian (collage artist and sculptor) Norman Carlberg (sculptor, educator) Jane Davis Doggett (graphic designer) Robert Engman (sculptor) Erwin Hauer (sculptor) Gerald Garston (painter) Eva Hesse (sculptor) A. B. Jackson (painter) Robert L. Levers, Jr. (1930-1992; painter, Professor of Fine Arts, University of Texas, Austin) Jay Maisel (photographer) Ronald Markman (painter and sculptor) Victor Moscoso (graphic artist) Charles O. Perry (sculptor) Irving Petlin (painter) Joseph Raffael (painter) Robert Rauschenberg (painter and sculptor) Robert Reed (painter, educator) William Reimann (sculptor, educator) Irwin Rubin (construction and collage artist, educator) Stephanie Scuris (sculptor, educator) Arieh Sharon (architect) Harry Seidler (architect) Richard Serra (sculptor) Sewell Sillman (painter, educator) Robert Slutzky (1929–2005) painter, teacher of painting and architecture Julian Stanczak (painter) Cora Kelley Ward (painter) Neil Welliver (painter) Quotes of the artist – "Every perception of colour is an illusion.. ..we do not see colors as they really are. In our perception they alter one another." [c. 1949, when Albers started his first Homage to the Square paintings] – "THE ORIGIN OF ART: The discrepancy between physical fact and psychic effect. THE CONTENT OF ART: Visual information