gives drivers a level of control in extreme ice or snow conditions similar to a 4x4. In 2009, NHTSA upgraded its roof-crush standard for vehicles weighing 6000 pounds or less. The new standard increased the crush load requirement from 1.5 to 3 times the vehicle's curb weight. 2010s From 2011, new cars should have brake assist system in the EU, according to The Pedestrian Protection Regulation (EC) 78/2009. Starting in 2012, all cars under 10,000 lbs. sold in the US are required to have Electronic Stability Control. In 2014, ESP (Electronic Stability Program) and TPMS became mandatory in the European Union, with also the driver seat belt reminder and the ISOFIX system, under General Safety Regulation (EC) No 661/2009. In 2015, recognizing that safer roads are a shared responsibility, Together for Safer Roads (TSR) was formally launched to align the private sector's road safety efforts with the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety. In 2016 and 2017, ABS became mandatory on motorcycles in the EU. In 2018, eCall became mandatory in the EU, and reverse camera in the US. In 2019, the EU legislated to revise the General Safety Regulation (GSR), the revision includes the following automotive safety features: Intelligent Speed Assistance Drowsiness Alerts Distraction Alerts Event Data Recorders Advanced Emergency Braking Alcohol Interlock Installation Facilitation Tyre Pressure Systems Emergency Stop Signals Lane Departure Warning Systems Reversing Detection Safety-belt Warning Systems covering all the seats in a vehicle Vehicle Master Control Switches Driver Availability Monitoring Systems In addition, a number of regulatory changes have been made in the update to the GSR in relation to vehicle design, in which the following have been mandated: Enlargement of Head Impact Zones. Reduction of blind spots for buses, vans and HGVs. Improved easy access, for people with low levels of mobility, on buses which have a capacity over 22 persons, and which allow standing. Regulation in relation to frontal protection systems. Previously vans, SUVs and MPVs were exempted from regulations pertaining to height and vehicle characteristics, these exemptions have been revised. Safety trends In the US, about 34,000 people were killed by traffic crashes every year from 2015 to 2020. Sharp rises in the price of fuel and related driver behavioural changes reduced 2007-8 highway fatalities in the US to below the 1961 fatality count. Litigation played a large part in mandating safer cars. Safety is a significant concern in the