mean-ing-ful), rather than phonetic elements. Note that no logographic script is composed solely of logograms. All contain graphemes that represent phonetic (sound-based) elements as well. These phonetic elements may be used on their own (to represent, for example, grammatical inflections or foreign words), or may serve as phonetic complements to a logogram (used to specify the sound of a logogram that might otherwise represent more than one word). In the case of Chinese, the phonetic element is built into the logogram itself; in Egyptian and Mayan, many glyphs are purely phonetic, whereas others function as either logograms or phonetic elements, depending on context. For this reason, many such scripts may be more properly referred to as logosyllabic or complex scripts; the terminology used is largely a product of custom in the field, and is to an extent arbitrary. Consonant-based logographies Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, and Demotic – the writing systems of Ancient Egypt Egyptian hieroglyphs List of Egyptian hieroglyphs by common name Syllable-based logographies Anatolian hieroglyphs – Luwian Cuneiform – Sumerian, Akkadian, other Semitic languages, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian Chinese characters (Hanzi) – Chinese, Japanese (called Kanji), Korean (called Hanja), Vietnamese (called Chu Nom, obsolete) Sawndip – Zhuang Khitan large script – Khitan Khitan small script – Khitan Jurchen script – Jurchen Tangut script – Tangut Eghap (or Bagam) script Mayan – Chorti, Yucatec, and other Classic Maya languages Sui script – Sui language Yi (classical) – various Yi/Lolo languages Syllabaries In a syllabary, graphemes represent syllables or moras. (Note that the 19th-century term syllabics usually referred to abugidas rather than true syllabaries.) Afaka Ndyuka Alaska or Yugtun script Central Yup'ik Bété Cherokee Cherokee Cypriot Arcadocypriot Greek Geba Naxi Iban or Dunging script Iban Kana Japanese (although primarily based on moras rather than syllables) Hiragana Katakana Man'yōgana Kikakui – Mende Kpelle Kpelle Linear B Mycenean Greek Lisu Bamboo script Loma Loma Masaba – Bambara Nüshu Chinese Nwagu Aneke script Igbo Vai Vai Woleaian Woleaian (a likely syllabary) Yi (modern) various Yi/Lolo languages Semi-syllabaries: Partly syllabic, partly alphabetic scripts In most of these systems, some consonant-vowel combinations are written as syllables, but others are written as consonant plus vowel. In the case of Old Persian, all vowels were written regardless, so it was effectively a true alphabet despite its syllabic component. In Japanese a similar system plays a minor role in foreign borrowings; for example, [tu] is written [to]+[u], and [ti]