volatile areas. They do not follow regular military or police command structure and answer directly to the Shabak. Their existence has until recently been denied by the IDF. Others Samag (Tactical Counter-Crime and Counter-Terror Rapid Deployment Unit) and Matilan (Intelligence Gathering and Infiltrations Interception Unit). Volunteer Border Guard The Border Guard also deploys many volunteer servicemen. These volunteer Border Guard members enlist as volunteers and serve in regular Border Guard units. The Border Guard relies on the volunteer soldiers in order to reinforce their manpower and help maintain the country's heavy security needs. The volunteer Border Guard are given special attention in sensitive places like Jerusalem where security threats are the highest and at times can double or even triple the manpower of full-time security forces in a given area. Many of these special Border Guard volunteers are Jewish immigrants that have immigrated to Israel from all over the world from places like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Italy, France, Germany, South Africa, South America, and the former Soviet Union, etc. The volunteer Border Guard members leave behind jobs and families on a regular basis in order to serve in this special combat unit. Some come from cities like Beit Shemesh, Ofrah, Ashkelon, Ra'anana and even Haifa to serve in the Border Guard. The volunteers receive no pay for serving in the Border Guard units and serve in the Border Guard in their off work hours. Treatment of Palestinians In a 2001 report the Israeli NGO B'tselem stated that violence against Palestinians in the occupied territories was widespread among Border Police units. Several cases of abuse, including the breaking of the hand of a three-year-old child, were documented over a short period of months. It added that prosecution of those officers who perpetrate such acts was difficult, since Border Police, in contravention of the law, did not carry tags allowing them to be identified, and registering complaints against them was hindered by numerous bureaucratic obstacles, such as making travel permits to Israeli courts difficult to obtain. Commanders Below is a list of current and former Border Police Commanders Pinchas Kopel (1953-1964) He later served as the third police commissioner. Shimon Eshed (1964-1972) Later he served as commander of the Northern District. Chaim Levi (1972-1976) Later he served as the Prison Service Commissioner. Zvi Bar (1976-1983) Later he served as the head of the Police Operations Branch and served