The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a standard means for comparing academic credits, i.e., the "volume of learning based on the defined learning outcomes and their associated workload" for higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries. For successfully completed studies, ECTS credits are awarded. One academic year corresponds to 60 ECTS credits that are normally equivalent to 1500–1800 hours of total workload, irrespective of standard or qualification type. ECTS credits are used to facilitate transfer and progression throughout the Union. ECTS also includes a standard grading scale, intended to be shown in addition to local (i.e. national) standard grades. Current systems See also Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union Bologna Process European Higher Education Area ECTS grading scale Carnegie Unit and Student Hour Erasmus Programme Academic mobility References External links European Commission ECTS information European Commission ECTS Users' Guide The Official Bologna Process - European Higher Education Area Website 2010-2020 Erasmus+ website of the European Commission European Commission ECVET information Systemy Akumulacji i Transferu Osiągnięć Na Przykładzie ECTS I ECVET Academic transfer Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union Universities and colleges in Europe