about as often as Philadelphia is perceived as the "city of brotherly love" by Americans. There is a tendency for translations of Japanese names to be somewhat fanciful. For example, Shōkaku is often translated as "crane flying in heaven", but "flying crane" or "soaring crane" is a more accurate translation. Another fanciful translation is "land of divine mulberry trees" for Fusō—fuso was a Chinese name for a mythical tree supposed to grow to the east, hence an old poetic word for Japan. In World War II, the composition of the Japanese Navy was a military secret. US Naval Intelligence built up knowledge of enemy ships through photographic reconnaissance, interrogation of prisoners, and signal interception. Inevitably there were mistakes and misinterpretations; some of these have been repeated in post-war accounts that rely on US Navy documents. For example, a prisoner of war after the battle of Midway reported the existence of an aircraft carrier named Hayataka. This was a misreading of the characters 隼鷹 in kun-yomi, while they in this case are properly read in on-yomi as Jun'yō. Accordingly, many US documents refer to the carrier as Hayataka or its class as the Hayataka class. In another example, when Joseph F. Enright claimed the sinking of the Japanese Aircraft Carrier Shinano, US naval intelligence was originally only willing to credit him with sinking a cruiser; this was in part because they believed the name "Shinano" (derived from intercepted Japanese transmissions) referred to the Shinano River (thereby denoting a cruiser), when in fact the name referred to the Shinano province of Japan. (Shinano had begun construction as a and was thus named for a province, before being converted into an aircraft carrier following the Battle of Midway.) References Interrogation of Japanese Prisoners taken after Midway Action Bibliography Monthly Ships of the World, (Japan) No. 441, Special issue Vol. 32, "Japanese cruisers", September 1991 No. 453, Special issue Vol. 34, "History of Japanese destroyers", July 1992 No. 469, Special issue Vol. 37, "History of Japanese submarines", August 1993 No. 507, Special issue Vol. 45, "Escort Vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy", February 1996 No. 522, Special issue Vol. 47, "Auxiliary Vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy", March 1997 Daiji Katagiri, , Kōjinsha (Japan), June 1988, Masahide Asai, , Tōkyō Suikōsha (fringe organization of the Ministry of the Navy), December 1928 Motoyoshi Hori, , Hara Shobō (Japan), June 1987, Shizuo Fukui, Stories of the