in Portuguese by non-Tupi names, onça and anta, despite being named in English with Tupi loanwords. A significant number of Brazilians have Tupi names as well: Araci (female): ara sy, "mother of the day" Bartira, Potira (female): Ybotyra, "flower" Iara (female): 'y îara, lady of the lake Jaci (both): îasy, the moon Janaína (female): îandá una, a type of black bird Ubirajara (male): ybyrá îara, "lord of the trees/lance" Ubiratã (male): ybyrá-atã, "hard wood" Some names of distinct Indian ancestry have obscure etymology because the tupinambá, like the Europeans, cherished traditional names which sometimes had become archaic. Some of such names are Moacir (reportedly meaning "son of pain") and Moema. Literature Old Tupi literature was composed mainly of religious and grammatical texts developed by Jesuit missionaries working among the colonial Brazilian people. The greatest poet to express in written Tupi language, and its first grammarian was José de Anchieta, who wrote over eighty poems and plays, compiled at his Lírica Portuguesa e Tupi. Later Brazilian authors, writing in Portuguese, employed Tupi in the speech of some of their characters. Recurrence Tupi is also remembered as distinctive trait of nationalism in Brazil. In the 1930s, Brazilian Integralism used it as the source of most of its catchphrases (like Anaûé meaning "you are my brother", the old Tupi salutation which was adopted as the Brazilian version of the German Sieg Heil, or the Roman "Ave") and terminology. See also Jesuit Reductions Língua Geral Língua Geral of São Paulo List of Brazil state name etymologies Notes References Bibliography ALVES Jr., Ozias. Uma breve história da língua tupi, a língua do tempo que o brasil era canibal. Ioseph de Anchieta: Arte de grammtica da lingoa mais usada na costa do Brasil. 1595. ANCHIETA, José de. Arte da gramática da língua mais usada na costa do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional, 1933. DI MAURO, Joubert J. Curso de Tupi Antigo. GOMES, Nataniel dos Santos. Síntese da Gramática Tupinambá. Perfil da língua tupi EDELWEISS, Frederico G. Tupis e Guaranis, Estudos de Etnonímia e Lingüística. Salvador: Museu do Estado da Bahia, 1947. 220 p. EDELWEISS, Frederico G. O caráter da segunda conjugação tupi. Bahia: Livraria Progresso Editora, 1958. 157 p. EDELWEISS, Frederico G. Estudos tupi e tupi-guaranis: confrontos e revisões. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Brasiliana, 1969. 304 p. GOMES, Nataniel dos Santos. Observações sobre o Tupinambá. Monografia final do Curso de Especialização em Línguas Indígenas Brasileiras.