for partial summary judgments. In Butera v. Chown, Cairns LLP, the Ontario Court of Appeal reports "the increase in summary judgment motions that have flowed since Hryniak" and that judges "are required to spend time hearing partial summary judgment motions and writing comprehensive reasons on an issue that does not dispose of the action." Turkey Summary judgments are not permitted under Turkish law. Germany There is no specific provision in German law for summary judgment, though a judge may dismiss a clearly unfounded case on the merits after a hearing and without receiving evidence into the record. China Summary judgment exists in Hong Kong. The test is whether there is a triable issue and if there is one, whether it amounts to an arguable defense. See also Dispositive motion References External links Los Angeles County Bar Association article comparing Federal Law and California summary judgment burden shifting differences Judgment (law)