attractiveness for both local residents and investors Increasing residents satisfaction in where they live Creating opportunities for deprived communities Unlocking potential in deprived areas The process of urban regeneration is often carried out in rural areas, referred to as village renewal, though it may not be exactly the same in practice. In some cases, urban renewal may result in urban sprawl when city infrastructure begins to include freeways and expressways. Controversy Urban renewal is a widely discussed and controversial program. It has been seen by proponents as an economic engine and a reform mechanism, and by critics as a mechanism for control. The controversy often involves the use of eminent domain, demolition of historic structures and direct displacement brought by slum clearance. In terms of utilizing the eminent domain as a legal method to take private property for city-initiated development, Kelo case is the real-life example to demonstrate the resistance against eminent use. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the taking by a 5 to 4 vote, but nothing was built on the taken property. Though it may bring more wealth to communities, it may also edge out its preexisting residents. Urban renewal in different countries and regions Argentina In Buenos Aires, Argentina, Puerto Madero is a known example of an urban renewal project. In the 1990s, the Argentine government decided to build a new residential and commercial district to replace city's old port and docks. More than 50 skyscrapers have been built in the last 20 years. Puerto Madero is now Buenos Aires' most expensive and exclusive neighborhood. Brazil In Rio de Janeiro, the is a large-scale urban waterfront revitalization project, which covers a centrally located five million square meter area. The project aims to redevelop the port area, increasing the city center attractiveness as a whole and enhancing the city's competitiveness in the global economy. The urban renovation involves 700 km of public networks for water supply, sanitation, drainage, electricity, gas and telecom; 5 km of tunnels; 70 km of roads; 650 km2 of sidewalks; 17 km of bike path; 15.000 trees; and 3 plants for sanitation treatment. Hong Kong Tackling land shortage in Hong Kong has always been a top priority on the government's agenda, with numerous strategies deployed to increase land supply. One of the current initiatives, noted in the Chief Executive's 2022 Policy Address, is to consolidate property interests and expedite urban renewal. Italy In Italy,