Cancer Chemotherapy (1975). Awards and honors In 1988 Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Hitchings and Sir James Black for discoveries of "important new principles of drug treatment". Elion was the fifth female Nobel laureate in Medicine and the ninth in science in general, and one of only a handful of laureates without a doctoral degree. She was the only woman honored with a Nobel Prize that year. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1990, a member of the Institute of Medicine in 1991 and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences also in 1991. Her awards include the Garvan-Olin Medal (1968), the Sloan-Kettering Institute Judd Award (1983), the American Chemical Society Distinguished Chemist Award (1985), the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award (1989), the American Association for Cancer Research Cain Award (1985), the American Cancer Society Medal of Honor (1990), the National Medal of Science (1991), and the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award (1997). In 1991 Elion became the first woman to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame also in 1991. In 1992, she was elected to the Engineering and Science Hall of Fame. She was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1995. See also Timeline of women in science References Further reading Nobel Prize Women in Science by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne Mary Ellen Avery Gertrude Elion National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 78, 2000 BY NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C Royal Society biographical memoir, Volume 54 in 2008. External links 1918 births 1999 deaths Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine Women Nobel laureates American Nobel laureates American women biochemists American pharmacologists Women pharmacologists American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent American women biologists Women inventors Jewish American scientists Jewish women scientists Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Members of the National Academy of Medicine National Medal of Science laureates Recipients of the Garvan–Olin Medal American women chemists Foreign Members of the Royal Society Duke University faculty Lemelson–MIT Prize Hunter College alumni Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni Jewish chemists 20th-century American chemists 20th-century American inventors 20th-century American women scientists Scientists from the Bronx