NIF technologies as the basis for a commercial power plant design. The focus was on pure fusion devices, incorporating technologies that developed in parallel with NIF that would greatly improve the performance of the design. In April 2014, LIFE ended. Breakeven claims, 2013 A NIF fusion shot on September 28, 2013, produced 5×1015 neutrons, 75% more than any previous shot. Alpha heating was clearly observed. The reaction was reported to have reached "scientific breakeven", defined as the energy deposited in the fuel. The shot was still far below ignition and did not match Moses' definition, which instead required fusion output to equal to the laser input. Thus, the comparison was between the approximately 10 kJ that reached the fuel and the 14 kJ that were produced, a Q of 1.4. Using the previous definition, this would be 1.8 MJ in and 14 kJ out, a Q of 0.008. Stockpile experiments, 2013–2015 In 2013, NIF shifted focus to materials and weapons research. Experiments beginning in FY 2015 used plutonium targets. Plutonium shots simulate the compression of the primary in a nuclear bomb by high explosives, which had not seen direct testing since CNTB took effect. Plutonium use ranged from less than a milligram to 10 milligrams. In FY 2014, NIF performed 191 shots, slightly more than one every two days. As of April 2015 NIF was on track to meet its goal of 300 laser shots in FY 2015. Back to fusion, 2016–present On January 28, 2016, NIF successfully executed its first gas pipe experiment intended to study the absorption of large amounts of laser light within long targets relevant to high-gain magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF). In order to investigate key aspects of the propagation, stability, and efficiency of laser energy coupling at full scale for high-gain MagLIF target designs, a single quad of NIF was used to deliver 30 kJ of energy to a target during a 13 nanosecond shaped pulse. Data return was favorable. In 2018, improvements in controlling compression asymmetry was demonstrated in a shot with an output of 1.9×1016 neutrons, resulting in 0.054 MJ of fusion energy released by a 1.5 MJ laser pulse. Burning plasma achieved, 2021 On August 8, 2021, an experiment yielded the world's first burning plasma. The yield was estimated to be 70% of the laser input energy. It produced excess neutrons consistent with a short-lived chain reaction of around 100 trillionths