Lifeguards are trained to contact EMS personnel immediately. If a drowning victim has been rescued the victim might need EMS attention or extensive medical treatment. Certain California lifeguards are trained in a more extensive advanced first aid that is known as Title 22 First Aid For Public Safety Personnel. Some lifeguards are crossed trained as Emergency Medical Technicians as a part of their emergency services system. In certain jurisdictions, lifeguards may use airway adjuncts such as nasopharyngeal airways and oropharyngeal airways. Rescue watercraft Lifeguards will sometimes use rescue watercraft to rescue victims that are either far away or when there is large surf, i.e. big waves. Types of rescue watercraft: Inflatable Rescue Boats (IRBs)These inflatable boats are useful when patrolling a beach especially ocean surf beaches where either the surf is too powerful or the beach too large to perform rescues effectively on a board. Row Rescue BoatsBest used in calmer water, wood paddle boats are used to patrol swimmers and for quick entry into the water when a drowning is happening at further distance. These are maneuvered and propelled by human power, so they require a lot of practice. Each boat has a larger wooden bench that allows lifeguards to perform CPR while heading back to shore, if needed. Rescue Water Craft (RWC)Also known as personal watercraft, are useful for their faster top speeds and maneuverability in ocean surf conditions. Communications Effective communications are vital for lifeguards and they may choose to use whistles, two-way radios, megaphones or signal flares. A more traditional method of communication with the public is through the use of colored flags, which can be raised over permanent or temporary flag poles to inform the public of different information. More often than not a whistle is used in the pool leisure facility (public and private), the following signals are used by some lifeguards with a whistle (Note: it is always important to remember that each facility may have their own standards and procedures for their whistle protocol). 1 short blast – used to gain the attention of a swimmer. 2 short blasts – used to gain the attention of fellow lifeguards (including managers/head lifeguards) 3 short blasts – used to signal that a lifeguard is taking action in their area. 1 long blast – (swimming pools) used to clear the pool 1 long blast – used to signal to a fellow lifeguard that you are