national delimitation sowed the seeds of today's inter-ethnic tensions. Conflicts over water have contributed to border disputes. For instance, the border between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in Jalal-Abad Region is kept open in a limited way to help irrigation, however inter-ethnic disputes in border regions often turn into national border disputes. Even during the summer there are border conflicts over water, as there is not enough to share. See also Notes Sources By Russian turcologist Vasily Bartold: "Sart" Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol. IV S-Z (Leiden & London) 1934 "Фергана" Работы по Исторической Географии (Moscow) 2002 pp527–539 (Also available in English in Vol. II of the original edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam) Other authors: Rahmon Nabiyev, Из История Кокандского Ханства (Феодальное Хозяйство Худояр-Хана), Tashkent, 1973 Beisembiev T.K. "Ta'rikh-i SHakhrukhi" kak istoricheskii istochnik. Alma Ata: Nauka, 1987. 200 p. Summaries in English and French. S. Soodanbekov, Общественный и Государственный Строй Кокандского Ханства, Bishkek, 2000 Beisembiev T. K. Kokandskaia istoriografiia : Issledovanie po istochnikovedeniiu Srednei Azii XVIII-XIX vekov. Almaty, TOO "PrintS", 2009, 1263 pp., . Beisembiev T. "Annotated indices to the Kokand Chronicles". Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Studia Culturae Islamica. № 91, 2008, 889 pp., . Beisembiev T. "The Life of Alimqul: A Native Chronicle of Nineteenth Century Central Asia". Published 2003. Routledge (UK), 280 pages, . External links Ferghana.Ru Information Agency Satellite picture by Google Maps Fine arts of Fergana Valley and Uzbekistan Enclaves of the World Valleys of Kyrgyzstan Valleys of Tajikistan Valleys of Uzbekistan