Yog lost, Yog was black 1/2 the time. (No information is given about when Yog won.) (iii) 9/10 times, either Yog was black and won, Yog was black and lost, or Yog was white and won. (No information is provided on how the 9/10 is divided among those three situations.) Grice's paradox shows that the exact meaning of statements involving conditionals and probabilities is more complicated than may be obvious on casual examination. Criticisms Relevance theory of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson builds on and also challenges Grice's theory of meaning and his account of pragmatic inference. Notes References Bach, Kent (1999). "The Myth of Conventional Implicature," Linguistics and Philosophy, 22, pp. 327–366. Bennett, Jonathan (1976). Linguistic Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. Borg, Emma (2006). "Intention-Based Semantics," The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Language, edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 250–266. Grice (1941). "Personal Identity", Mind 50, 330–350; reprinted in J. Perry (ed.), Personal Identity, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1975, pp. 73–95. Grice, H.P. (1957). "Meaning", Philosophical Review, 66(3). Reprinted as ch.14 of Grice 1989, pp. 213–223. Grice (1961). "The Causal Theory of Perception", Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 35 (suppl.), 121–52. Partially reprinted as Chapter 15 of Grice 1989, pp. 224–247. Grice, H.P. (1968). "Utterer's Meaning, Sentence Meaning, and Word Meaning," Foundations of Language, 4. Reprinted as ch.6 of Grice 1989, pp. 117–137. Grice (1969). "Vacuous Names", in D. Davidson and J. Hintikka (eds.), Words and Objections, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 118–145. Grice, H.P. (1969). "Utterer's Meaning and Intentions", The Philosophical Review, 78. Reprinted as ch.5 of Grice 1989, pp. 86–116. Grice, H.P. (1971). "Intention and Uncertainty", Proceedings of the British Academy, pp. 263–279. Grice, H.P. (1975). "Method in Philosophical Psychology: From the Banal to the Bizarre", Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (1975), pp. 23–53. Grice, H.P. (1975). "Logic and Conversation," Syntax and Semantics, vol.3 edited by P. Cole and J. Morgan, Academic Press. Reprinted as ch.2 of Grice 1989, 22–40. Grice, H.P. (1978). "Further Notes on Logic and Conversation," Syntax and Semantics, vol.9 edited by P. Cole, Academic Press. Reprinted as ch.3 of Grice 1989, 41–57. Grice (1981). "Presupposition and Conversational Implicature", in P. Cole (ed.), Radical Pragmatics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 183–198. Reprinted as ch.17 of Grice 1989, 269–282. Grice, H.P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press. Grice, H.P. (1991). The Conception