electricity, light, or sound) representing characters in the Latin alphabet. American Morse code (defunct) Optical telegraphy (defunct) Flag semaphore (made by moving hand-held flags) Abugidas An abugida, or alphasyllabary, is a segmental script in which vowel sounds are denoted by diacritical marks or other systematic modification of the consonants. Generally, however, if a single letter is understood to have an inherent unwritten vowel, and only vowels other than this are written, then the system is classified as an abugida regardless of whether the vowels look like diacritics or full letters. The vast majority of abugidas are found from India to Southeast Asia and belong historically to the Brāhmī family, however the term is derived from the first characters of the abugida in Ge'ez: አ (A) ቡ (bu) ጊ (gi) ዳ (da) — (compare with alphabet). Unlike abjads, the diacritical marks and systemic modifications of the consonants are not optional. Abugidas of the Brāhmī family Ahom Balinese Batak Toba and other Batak languages Baybayin Formerly used for Ilokano, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Bikol languages, Visayan languages, and possibly other Philippine languages Bengali and Assamese- Bengali, Assamese, Meithei, Bishnupriya Manipuri Bhaiksuki Brahmi Sanskrit, Prakrit Buda Old Sundanese and Old Javanese Buhid Burmese Burmese, Karen languages, Mon, and Shan Cham Chakma Devanagari Hindi, Sanskrit, Marathi, Nepali, and many other languages of northern India Dhives Akuru Grantha Sanskrit Gujarati Gujarati, Kutchi, Vasavi, Sanskrit, Avestan Gurmukhi script Punjabi Hanuno’o Javanese Kaithi Kannada Kannada, Tulu, Konkani, Kodava Kawi Khema script Gurung Khojki Khotanese Khudabadi Khmer Kulitan alphabet Lai Tay Tai Yo Lampung Lao Leke Eastern Pwo, Western Pwo, and Karen Lepcha Limbu Lontara’ Buginese, Makassar, and Mandar Mahajani Makasar Formerly used for Makassar Malayalam Marchen – Zhang-Zhung Meetei Mayek Modi Marathi Multani – Saraiki Nandinagari – Sanskrit New Tai Lue Odia Phags-pa Mongolian, Chinese, and other languages of the Yuan dynasty Mongol Empire Pracalit script Newa Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit, Pali Pyu Pyu Ranjana Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit Rejang Rencong Saurashtra Sharada Sanskrit, Kashmiri Siddham Sanskrit Sinhala Sirmauri Soyombo Sundanese Sylheti Nagri – Bengali, Dobhashi, Sylheti Tagbanwa Languages of Palawan Tai Le Dehong Dai Tai Nuea Tai Tham Khün, and Northern Thai Tai Viet Takri Tamil Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigalari Sanskrit, Tulu Tirhuta used to write Maithili Tocharian Vatteluttu Zanabazar Square Zhang zhung scripts Other abugidas Canadian Aboriginal syllabics Cree syllabics (for Cree), Inuktitut syllabics (for Inuktitut), Ojibwe syllabics (for Ojibwe), and various systems for other languages of Canada. Derived