This is a list of writing systems (or scripts), classified according to some common distinguishing features. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the language(s) in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name. Other informative or qualifying annotations for the script may also be provided. Pictographic/ideographic writing systems Ideographic scripts (in which graphemes are ideograms representing concepts or ideas, rather than a specific word in a language), and pictographic scripts (in which the graphemes are iconic pictures) are not thought to be able to express all that can be communicated by language, as argued by the linguists John DeFrancis and J. Marshall Unger. Essentially, they postulate that no full writing system can be completely pictographic or ideographic; it must be able to refer directly to a language in order to have the full expressive capacity of a language. Unger disputes claims made on behalf of Blissymbols in his 2004 book Ideogram. Although a few pictographic or ideographic scripts exist today, there is no single way to read them, because there is no one-to-one correspondence between symbol and language. Hieroglyphs were commonly thought to be ideographic before they were translated, and to this day Chinese is often erroneously said to be ideographic. In some cases of ideographic scripts, only the author of a text can read it with any certainty, and it may be said that they are interpreted rather than read. Such scripts often work best as mnemonic aids for oral texts, or as outlines that will be fleshed out in speech. Adinkra Birch-bark glyphsAnishinaabemowin Dongba Naxi Although this is often supplemented with syllabic Geba script. Emoji – used in electronic messages and web pages. Ersu Shābā – Ersu Kaidā glyphs Lusona Nsibidi Ekoi, Efik/Ibibio, Igbo Siglas poveiras Suckerfish script Mi'kmawi'sit Does have phonetic components, however. Testerian – used for missionary work in Mexico. There are also symbol systems used to represent things other than language, or to represent constructed languages. Some of these are: Blissymbols – A constructed ideographic script used primarily in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). iConji – A constructed ideographic script used primarily in social networking Isotype (picture language) A wide variety of notations Linear B also incorporates ideograms. Logographic writing systems In logographic writing systems, glyphs represent words or morphemes (meaningful components of words, as in