limited use, due to problems with the technology. A new development called the captioned telephone now uses voice recognition to assist the human operators. Newer text-based communication methods, such as short message service (SMS), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and instant messaging have also been adopted by the deaf as an alternative or adjunct to TTY. See also List of video telecommunication services and product brands Telecommunications relay service Video relay service (VRS), using videotelephony Notes References Lang, Harry G. (2000). A Phone of Our Own: the Deaf Insurrection Against Ma Bell. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. ; Readmond, Kim. "Paul and Sally Taylor Background Sheet," Central Institute for the Deaf (St. Louis, Missouri). Strauss, Karen Peltz. (2006). A New Civil Right: Telecommunications Equality for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Americans.'' Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. ; Assistive technology Deafness Telecommunications American inventions