Some studies have shown that the segregate Old World genera Hollrungia and Tetrapathaea are nested within Passiflora, and form a fifth subgenus (Tetrapathaea). Other studies support the current four subgenus classification. Relationships below the subgenus level are not known with certainty and are an active area of research. The Old World species form two clades – supersection Disemma (part of subgenus Decaloba) and subgenus Tetrapathaea. The former is composed of 21 species divided into sections Disemma (three Australian species), Holrungiella (one New Guinean species) and Octandranthus (seventeen south and east Asian species). The remaining (New World) species of subgenus Decaloba are divided into seven supersections. Supersection Pterosperma includes four species from Central America and southern Mexico. Supersection Hahniopathanthus includes five species from Central America, Mexico and northernmost South America. Supersection Cicea includes nineteen species, with apetalous flowers. Supersection Bryonioides includes twenty-one species, with a distribution centered on Mexico. Supersection Auriculata includes eight species from South America, one of which is also found in Central America. Supersection Multiflora includes nineteen species. Supersection Decaloba includes 123 species. See also List of culinary fruits References External links The Passiflora Society International Killip, The American Species of Passifloraceae, Fieldiana, Bot. 19 (1938) Passiflora online Passiflora edulis Passiflora Picture Gallery Chilean Passiflora pictures A list of Heliconius Butterflies and the Passiflora species their larvae consume Malpighiales genera Butterfly food plants Flora of Central America Flora of South America Garden plants of North America Garden plants of Central America Garden plants of South America Medicinal plants Edible fruits Tropical fruit Vines Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Ayahuasca analogs