the Lesser Antilles, such as Boa or Diploglossus, still retain relict populations on at least some islands, such as Dominica and Montserrat. This mass disappearance of Leiocephalus from the Lesser Antilles may be due to their inhabiting dry forests in littoral areas that were heavily exploited and deforested by early colonists. Few confirmed Leiocephalus fossil remains from after the early Holocene are known from the Lesser Antilles, which has raised doubts about their being only recently extirpated from this area; however, Leiocephalus fossil bones are small and closely resemble those of other lizard species, which may explain the lack of detection of Leiocephalus fossil bones from these areas aside from by the most highly trained palaeo-herpetologists. In modern times, three species, Leiocephalus endomychus, Leiocephalus pratensis and Leiocephalus rhutidira, have not been seen since the 1960s and 1970s and are recognized as critically endangered, possibly extinct, by the IUCN. They are among the "most wanted" EDGE species. Newly discovered species Lizards of this family are diurnal and mostly inhabit fairly open habitats in a generally well-studied part of the world. Consequently, the majority of the species and subspecies already were scientifically described several decades ago. In 2016, the first new curly-tailed lizard since the early 1980s was described. The species was found in the coastal dunes of Bahía de las Calderas in the southwestern Dominican Republic. This species differs from the rest within Leiocephalidae in that its bony parietal table is U-shaped versus V-shaped, the males have 3–4 enlarged post-postcloacal scales versus 2, and there are specific sexual dimorphism trails. Species and subspecies The following species and subspecies, listed alphabetically by scientific name, are recognized as being valid by the Reptile Database. Extant and recently extinct species Leiocephalus barahonensis – orange-bellied curlytail L. b. altavelensis – Alto Velo curly-tailed lizard, Alto Velo curlytail (likely better regarded as a separate species) L. b. aureus L. b. barahonensis L. b. beatanus L. b. oxygaster Leiocephalus carinatus – saw-scaled curlytail, northern curly-tailed lizard L. c. carinatus Gray, 1827 L. c. aquarius Schwartz & Ogren, 1956 L. c. armouri Barbour & Shreve, 1935 L. c. cayensis Schwartz, 1959 L. c. coryi K.P. Schmidt, 1936 L. c. granti Rabb, 1957 L. c. hodsdoni K.P. Schmidt, 1936 L. c. labrossytus Schwartz, 1959, South Central Cuba, Playa Larga L. c. microcyon Schwartz, 1959 L. c. mogotensis Schwartz, 1959 L. c. virescens Stejneger, 1901 L. c. zayasi Schwartz, 1959