Shanidar 5 was reconstructed by Erik Trinkaus and his colleagues beginning 1976 and was finalized in 1994 after correcting a couple of errors caught in the process. During the process of reconstruction, there were discussions suggesting signs of intentional cranial deformation. Erik Trinkaus suggested that Shanidar 5 had its cranium deformed intentionally as an infant. However, this implication was overruled due to the fact that the curve was missing after the correction of a misplaced cranium bone fragment. Still, the frontal mid sagittal angle of this individual was very flat at 147º. The cranium shows signs of endocranial hyperostosis were plaques are found in the left and right side of the frontal crest and in the front area of sagittal sinus. Shanidar Z In February 2020, researchers announced the discovery of more Neanderthal remains, which dated back to more than 70,000 years ago. Diets discovered Land snails were excavated and discovered in significant amounts and thought to be part of the Shanidar diet. It is unclear whether this diet was caused from cultural change or a change in the environment that lead to changes in previous foods as seen in the analysis of size decrease in goats. However, there are other lineages from Africa that share this diet and was culturally motivated which may indicate that the Neanderthals in the Shanidar cave may have possibly changed their diet for cultural reason. In layer B, dating back to approximately 12,000 years ago, Ralph S. Solecki found numerous snail shells which may indicate the Shanidar maintained this diet for some time. See also List of fossil sites List of human evolution fossils List of Neanderthal fossils Neanderthals in Southwest Asia Paleopathology Notes Further reading Sissakian, Varoujan K.. “Shanidar Cave - An Interesting Archaeological Site in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq.” UKH Journal of Science and Engineering, 3(2), pp. 1-9 (2019) Erik Trinkaus, The Shanidar Neanderthals, Academic Press, 1983, Agelarakis A., "Proto Neolithic Human Skeletal Remains in the Zawi-Chemi Layer in Shanidar Cave". Sumer XL:1-2 (1987–88): 7–16. Akazawa, T., "Preliminary notes on the Middle Palaeolithic assemblage from the Shanidar Cave.", Sumer, vol. 31, no. 1–2, pp. 3–10, 1975 Solecki, R. S., "Prehistory in Shanidar Valley, northern Iraq.", Science, vol. 139, pp. 179–93, 1963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.139.3551.179. Solecki, R. S., "Shanidar, the first flower people.", New York: Knopf, 1971 External links Smithsonian Shanidar 3 pages Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Caves of Iraq Erbil Governorate