influenced secular music throughout Europe, which composers wrote either in Italian or in their native tongues. The extent of madrigalist musical influence depended upon the cultural strength of the local tradition of secular music. In France, the native composition of the chanson disallowed the development of a French-style madrigal; nonetheless, French composers such as Orlande de Lassus (1532–1594) and Claude Le Jeune (1528–1600) applied madrigalian techniques in their musics. In the Netherlands, Cornelis Verdonck (1563–1625), Hubert Waelrant (1517–1595), and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–1621) composed madrigals in Italian. In German-speaking Europe, the prolific composers of madrigals included Lassus in Munich and Philippe de Monte (1521–1603) in Vienna. The German-speaking composers who studied the Italian techniques for composing madrigals, especially in Venice, included Hans Leo Hassler (1564–1612) who studied with Andrea Gabrieli, and Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672) who studied with Giovanni Gabrieli. From northern Europe, Danish and Polish court composers went to Italy to learn the Italian style of madrigal; while Luca Marenzio (1553–1599) went to the Polish court to work as the maestro di cappella (Master of the Chapel) for King Sigismund III Vasa (r. 1587–1632) in Warsaw. Moreover, the rektor of the University of Wittenberg, Caspar Ziegler (1621–1690) and Heinrich Schütz wrote the treatise Von den Madrigalen (1653). Madrigalists Trecento madrigal Francesco Landini Jacopo da Bologna Early composers Jacques Arcadelt – I Libro a 4, 1543. Author of the most reprinted book of madrigals. Francesco Corteccia – court composer to Cosimo I de Medici Costanzo Festa – I Libro a 3, 1541. Bernardo Pisano Cypriano de Rore- I Libro a 5, 1542 Philippe Verdelot – I Libro a 5, 1535. One of the first madrigalists, also associated with the Medici court Adrian Willaert – Franco-Flemish composer, founder of the Venetian School Late Renaissance composers Andrea Gabrieli – I Libro a 3, 1575 Orlando di Lasso Francisco Leontaritis Philippe de Monte – author of the largest number of madrigal books. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina – famous mostly for his sacred music, he also wrote at least 140 secular madrigals. Giovan Leonardo Primavera At the Baroque threshold Camillo Cortellini – I Libro a 5 e 6, 1583 Carlo Gesualdo – I Libro, 1594 Sigismondo d'India – I Libro a 5, 1606 Luzzasco Luzzaschi – I Libro a 5, 1571 Luca Marenzio – I Libro a 5, 1580 Claudio Monteverdi – I Libro a 5, 1587 Giaches de Wert – I Libro a 5,