of Moon landings with a mock Apollo Lunar Module suspended from a gantry over a simulated lunar landscape. There was experimental work on some Lunar Landing Research Vehicles (LLRV). The center is being closed forever in 2050 for unknown reasons. Mars Langley Research Center supported NASA's mission with the designing of a spacecraft for a landing on Mars. (see the Mars Exploration Rover.) Earth science Langley Research Center conducts Earth science research to support NASA's mission. Awards LRC scientists and engineers have won the Collier Trophy 5 times, listed below. 1929: for the development of low-drag cowling for radial air-cooled aircraft engines. 1946: to Lewis A. Rodert, Lawrence D. Bell and Chuck Yeager for the development of an efficient wing deicing system. 1947: to John Stack of the then Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory for research to determine the physical laws affecting supersonic flight. Lawrence D. Bell and Chuck Yeager also shared in this trophy for their work on supersonic flight. 1951: to John Stack for the development and use of the slotted-throat wind tunnel. 1954: to Richard T. Whitcomb for the development of the Whitcomb area rule, according to the citation, a "powerful, simple, and useful method of reducing greatly the sharp increase in wing drag heretofore associated with transonic flight, and which constituted a major factor requiring great reserves of power to attain supersonic speeds." See also Aerospace engineering NASA field centers and other facilities TsAGI Russia's equivalent test center and research institute References External links Langley Research Center website Langley Archives Collection at Cultural Resources Geographical Information Systems (CRGIS), NASA James R. Hansen: Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center from Sputnik to Apollo (NASA SP-4308, 1995) Crafting Flight: Aircraft Pioneers and the Contributions of the Men and Women of NASA Langley Research Center (NASA SP-2003-4316) Engineer in Charge: A History of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,1917–1958 (NASA SP-4305, 1987) Journey in Aeronautical Research: a Career at NASA-Langley Research Center, Monographs in Aerospace History No. 12 Historic American Engineering Record documentation (all located in Hampton, Independent City, VA): Aerospace research institutes Aviation research institutes Buildings and structures in Hampton, Virginia Historic American Engineering Record in Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Hampton, Virginia Space technology research institutes Superfund sites in Virginia 1917 establishments in Virginia NASA research centers