attempt to delay the hanging given the pending pardon. Elizabeth Sager testified at the trial, but she only testified that she had seen one of them attempt to throw down Luke Saunders, in the same incident that Catherine wrote about looking away from while Luke Saunders was still alive. Eleven people at the mission died from the attack and had their bodies found, including Marcus, Narcissa, John Sager, and Francis Sager, who was there that day to bring up a cow from the valley for them to slaughter for meat. Three other men from the mission were not seen afterwards; and are sometimes counted as having died during the attack. Fifty-four women and children were captured and held for ransom, including the daughters of Joseph Meek and Jim Bridger and all the Sager girls. Several of the prisoners died in captivity, mostly from the same measles epidemic that was ravaging the Cayuse, including Louisa Sager who died on Dec. 5, 1847, at the age of six, and Helen Mar Meek who had been bedridden with measles on November 29th. One month after the massacre, on December 29, 1847, Peter Skene Ogden from the Hudson's Bay Company arranged an exchange of sixty-two blankets, sixty-three cotton shirts, twelve rifles, six hundred loads of ammunition, seven pounds of tobacco, and twelve flints for the return of the forty-nine surviving prisoners. They were brought to Fort Vancouver. After the Whitman massacre The four remaining Sager orphans were brought to Oregon City. The girls were split up and grew up with different families. Catherine was placed with the Rev. William and Mrs. Roberts. In October 1851, she married Clark Pringle, a Methodist minister, at which time Elizabeth and Henrietta went to live with the Pringles. They had a farm of about 640 acres near Salem, Oregon and raised eight children. About ten years after her arrival in Oregon she wrote an account of the Sager family's journey west. She hoped to earn enough money to set up an orphanage in memory of Narcissa Whitman. She never found a publisher. She died on August 10, 1910 at the age of 75. Her children and grandchildren saved her manuscript without modification, and today it is regarded as one of the most authentic accounts of the American westward migration. In 1855, Elizabeth married farmer William Fletcher Helm and had nine children. She lived in Prineville, Oregon. She died