two stops, sometimes a single manual and, occasionally, no pedal; much like many Italian instruments. The music of south German composers on the whole concentrates more on melody, harmonic clarity and sound; genre-wise, Italian models were adopted and resulted in German versions of the toccata, a special brand of improvisatory preludes, and ostinato variation forms: chaconnes and passacaglias. Perhaps the last significant southerner was Johann Heinrich Buttstett, Pachelbel's pupil, who continued the trends set by his teacher but did not achieve any considerable fame; it appears that numerous works by him are now lost. List of composers Christian Erbach (ca. 1568 – 14 June 1635 in Augsburg) Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer (c. 1656 – 1746; active in Rastadt, Baden), studied in Paris Johann Jakob Froberger (1616 – 7 May 1667; studied under Frescobaldi in Italy, active in Stuttgart and Vienna) Johann Kaspar Kerll (1627 – 1693; studied under Valentini, then under Carissimi and possibly Frescobaldi; active in Munich and Vienna) Johann Erasmus Kindermann ( 1616 – 1655; studied under Johann Staden, active Nuremberg) Johann Krieger (1651 – 1735; active Nuremberg and Zitau), studied under Heinrich Schwemmer and Georg Caspar Wecker Johann Philipp Krieger (1649 – 1725; active Nuremberg, Halle & Weißenfels), studied under Johann Drechsel, Gabriel Schütz, and Johann Rosenmüller) Christian Michael (c. 1593 - 29 August 1637 Leipzig) Georg Muffat (studied under Lully in Paris, then with Pasquini and Corelli in Italy) Franz Xaver Murschhauser (1663 – 1738; active in Munich), studied under Kerll Johann Pachelbel (studied under Wecker and Schwemmer and possibly Kerll) Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (studied under his father Johann) Paul Peuerl (1570 in Stuttgart – disappeared from Upper Austria after 1625) Isaac Posch (died 1623 in Ljubljana) Ferdinand Tobias Richter (1651 – 1711; active in Lower Austria and Vienna) Sebastian Anton Scherer (1631 – 1712; active in Ulm) Heinrich Schwemmer (teacher to Nikolaus Deinl, Johann Krieger, Johann Löhner, Johann Pachelbel, J.B. Schütz, and Maximilian Zeidler) Johann Speth (1664 – after 1719; active in Augburg) Johann Staden (1581 – 1634; active Nuremberg and Dresden), teacher to Kindermann Agostino Steffani (studied under Kerll) Christoph Stoltzenberg (studied under Deinl) Christoph Strauss (1575–1631; active Vienna) Georg Caspar Wecker (studied under Kindermann; teacher to Johann Krieger and Pachelbel) See also French organ school References Hans Tischler, Willi Apel. "The History of Keyboard Music to 1700". 1972 Indiana University Press. John Caldwell. "Keyboard music (I)", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy. grovemusic.com