to meet specific objectives Social forestry – addresses human-forest interactions, and the importance of community-based natural resource management Sustainable forestry – emphasizes forest management for long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability Tropical forestry – is particularly concerned with management and conservation of forests in the tropics Urban forestry – entails the care and management of urban tree populations for the purpose of improving the urban environment World forestry – examines forest conservation at a global level Forest management Forest management – comprises the overall administrative, economic, legal, and social aspects of forest regulation Analog forestry – a management focus that seeks to establish a tree-dominated ecosystem that is similar in architectural structure and ecological function to the naturally occurring climax and sub-climax vegetation community Bamboo cultivation – farming and harvesting bamboo for commercial purposes such as construction. Community forestry – combination of forest conservation with rural development and poverty reduction objectives, accomplished through instating a legal framework that favors profitable and sustainable forest management Ecoforestry – emphasizes practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems Hardwood timber production – process of managing stands of deciduous trees to maximize woody output Tree breeding – method of genetically modifying/selecting forest stock for improved growth or vigor characteristics Mycoforestry – ecological forest management system implemented to enhance forest ecosystems and plant communities through the introduction of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi Permaforestry – approach to the wildcrafting and harvesting of the forest biomass that uses cultivation to improve the natural harmonious systems. It is a relationship of interdependence between humans and the natural systems in which the amount of biomass available from the forest increases with the health of its natural systems. Plantation forestry – industrial plantations are established to produce a high volume of wood in a short period of time. Some plantations are managed by state forestry authorities (for example, the Forestry Commission in Britain) and others by paper and wood companies (such as Weyerhaeuser, Rayonier and Plum Creek Timber in the United States, Asia Pulp & Paper in Indonesia). Short rotation forestry – managing a forest that utilizes fast-growing species as a bio-based energy crop for use in power stations, alone or in combination with other fuels such as coal Short rotation coppice (SRC) – focus on species that are able to naturally regenerate through stump sprouts to maximize economic productivity Sustainable forest management – emphasizes practices that maintain forest biodiversity,