Anatolian-Iranian Desert (Turkish-Iranian Scrub-steppe) Cold-winter (continental) deserts and semideserts Turanian (Kazakh Desert Scrub-steppe) Talka-Makan-Gobi Desert Tibetan Iranian Desert Tundra communities and barren Arctic desert Arctic Desert Higharctic Tundra Lowarctic Tundra Temperate grasslands Atlas Steppe (Atlas Highlands) Pontian Steppe (Ukraine-Kazakh Steppe) Mongolian-Manchurian Steppe (Gobi-Manchurian Steppe) Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation Scottish Highlands Central European Highlands Balkan Highlands Caucaso-Iranian Highlands (Caucasus and Kurdistan-Iran Highlands) Altai Highlands Pamir-Tian Shan Highlands Hindu Kush Highlands Himalayan Highlands Szechwan Highlands Mixed island systems Macaronesian Islands Ryukyu Islands Lake systems Lake Ladoga Aral Sea Lake Baikal Region coding The hierarchy of the scheme is (with early replaced terms in parenthesis): biogeographic realm (= biogeographic regions and subregions), with 8 categories biogeographic province (= biotic province), with 193 categories, each characterized by a major biome or biome-complex biome, with 14 types: tropical humid forests (1); subtropical and temperate rain forests or woodlands (2); temperate needle-leaf forests or woodlands (3); tropical dry of deciduous forests (including monsoon forests) or woodlands (4); temperate broad-lead forests or woodlands and subpolar deciduous thickets (5); evergreen sclerophyllous forests, scrubs or woodlands (6); warm deserts and semideserts (7); cold-winter (continental) deserts and semideserts (8); tundra communities and barren arctic desert (9); tropical grassland and savannas (10); temperate grasslands (11); mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation (12); mixed island systems (13); lake systems (14). So, for example, the Australian Central Desert province is in the Australasian realm (6), is the 9th biogeographic province in that realm, and its biome falls within "warm deserts and semideserts" (7), so it is coded 6.9.7. The realms and provinces of the scheme are hence coded as follows: 1.1.2 Sitkan province 1.2.2. Oregonian province 1.3.3 Yukon taiga province 1.4.3 Canadian taiga province 1.5.5. Eastern forest province 1.6.5 Austroriparian province 1.7.6 Californian province 1.8.7 Sonoran province 1.9.7 Chihuahuan province 1.10.7 Tamaulipan province 1.11.8 Great Basin province 1.12.9 Aleutian Islands province 1.13.9 Alaskan tundra province 1.14.9 Canadian tundra province 1.15.9 Arctic Archipelago province 1.16.9 Greenland tundra province 1.17.9 Arctic desert and icecap province 1.18.11 Grasslands province 1.19.12 Rocky Mountains province 1.20.12 Sierra-Cascade province 1.21.12 Madrean-Cordilleran province 1.22.14 Great Lakes province 2.1.2. Chinese Subtropical Forest province 2.2.2 Japanese Evergreen Forest province (= Japanese Subtropical Forest) 2.3.3 West Eurasian Taiga province 2.4.3 East Siberian Taiga province 2.5.5 Icelandian province (= Iceland) 2.6.5 Subarctic Birchwoods province 2.7.5 Kamchatkan province 2.8.5 British Islands province (= British + Irish Forest) 2.9.5 Atlantic