This article describes the rules of Judo. The main sections of the article describe the rules that apply to any situation in which judo is practiced, and those rules which apply only in judo competitions. Separate sections describe the history of the rules of judo, provide links to other sources of information on judo rules, and list the references for this article. In practice and competition Safety Intentionally injuring an opponent is not permitted. Punching, kicking, and other strikes are not allowed. Touching the opponent's face is not allowed. Attacking joints other than the elbow is not allowed. Long hair touch for boys are not permitted. The technique known as kawazu gake is not permitted. The technique known as kani basami is not permitted. Wearing any hard or metallic object during competition is not permitted. The penalty for violating this rule is hansoku make (see Penalties, below). This includes wedding rings, earrings, hard-plastic protective gear, hair-ties with metal parts, wristwatches, and even press-studs on underpants. For female judokas, hair with longer length must be tied either in a pony tail or a hair bun (neat or messy). A plain white T-shirt must be worn. Etiquette Contestants must bow before stepping onto the mat. Contestants must bow to each other before and after practice or competition. Inappropriate behaviour, such as foul language and bodily gestures, is not tolerated. In competition only Stalling is not permitted. Using a defensive posture is not permitted. It is required to bow to the competition area. False attacks are not permitted. They are considered attempts to circumvent the prohibition against noncombativity. Disregarding the orders of the judge is prohibited. Scoring The scoring rules in use starting in 2017 are as follows: Awarding of ippon (一本) 'One full point'. Award of ippon decides the winner and ends the match. Ippon is awarded for a successful throw performed with control and power, or for a pin lasting 20 seconds. Submission by strangulation or application of an arm lock at the elbow joint also results in ippon. Awarding of waza-ari (技あり). 'One half point'. Awarded for a successful throw lacking one of the above elements, or for a pin lasting 10 to 19 seconds. With the exception of 2017, two waza-ari also wins the match (announced as “waza-ari awasete ippon,” or “waza-ari together [with a previously-earned waza-ari] makes ippon”). The following rules are no longer in use: Awarding of