Intellectual Reserve, Inc. v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry, Inc., 75 F. Supp. 2d 1290 (D. Utah 1999), was a United States district court decision on the subject of deep linking and contributory infringement of copyright. Background The plaintiff, Intellectual Reserve, Inc., is a Salt Lake City, Utah-based corporation that owns the copyright and has the rights to other intellectual property assets used by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The defendants, Utah Lighthouse Ministries, Inc., operate a web site and publishes material critical of the Church. The LDS Church had printed a work of text called the Church Handbook of Instructions: Book 1, Stake Presidencies and Bishoprics. This work had not been published, and had been prepared only for use within the church. The defendants had obtained a copy of the work and published parts of it on their website without reproducing the Intellectual Reserve, Inc. copyright notice. The copyrighted text had also been disseminated to other websites who had published the material, to which the defendants' website linked. Arguments The plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction and argued that: they had a valid copyright to the material that the defendants had posted on their website, that they were likely to establish at trial that those who had posted the material on the three websites had infringed the plaintiff's copyright, that anyone who browsed the three websites was infringing the plaintiff's copyright by making a copy of the material and that the defendants actively encouraged the infringement of the plaintiff's copyright. The plaintiffs also argued that they had demonstrated a likelihood of success and that there was a presumption of injury, and the plaintiffs would suffer "immediate and real irreparable harm" if the defendants were "permitted to post the copyrighted material or to knowingly induce, cause or materially contribute to the infringement of plaintiff's copyright by others". Court finding The court originally granted a preliminary injunction for the plaintiff and ordered the defendant to remove from the website the material that allegedly infringed plaintiff's copyright, and to refrain from reproducing or distributing verbatim in a tangible medium any material that allegedly infringed the copyright. The court then issued a permanent injunction that "dissolved and vacated" the preliminary injunction, replacing it with an injunction based on a settlement between the parties. In this injunction the court forbade Utah Lighthouse Ministry from posting on the Internet, displaying, or reproducing the Church