time-limits related to non-"standard" grips as long as they are not non-"normal".) A "pistol grip" on the opponent's sleeve is permitted if immediate attack is launched. It is not permitted to insert the fingers inside the opponent's sleeve opening or trousers opening at any time. You are permitted to insert your fingers inside your own gi openings. Biting the opponent's gi is prohibited, as it grants another gripping point. Since 2010, it is not permitted to grab the legs or trousers, initially, during tachi-waza (standing techniques). As of 9 February 2013 it is no longer permissible to touch the legs of the opponent whatsoever during tachi-waza. Furthermore, if two hands are used to break a grip, it is legal only if at least one hand maintains a grip on that hand/sleeve. Age Judo competitions typically have some safety-related rules related to age: chokes are prohibited under a certain age (typically 13), and arm bars are prohibited under a certain age (typically 16). The duration of matches is also dependent on the age of the competitors. Match length is typically three minutes for children, five minutes for teenagers and young adults, and three minutes for 'masters' (adults thirty years of age or older). Gi Rules related to the gi are primarily related either to safety or to preventing contestants from wearing gis that prevent their opponent from being able to get a grip on them. The sleeves of the jacket are not allowed to be too short: they must extend down to no more than above the wrists with the arms extended in front of the body. The legs of the trousers are not allowed to be too short: they must extend down to no more than above the ankle. Excessive advertising on the gi must be avoided, and may result in a forced loss if an appropriate gi can't be found. Medical treatment, illness, and injury The official International Judo Federation (IJF) rules related to the provision of medical treatment and to the proper handling of situations involving illness or injury are relatively long and involved, since the exact nature and cause of an injury may itself affect the awarding of the match, and since receiving some types of medical treatment, but not others, automatically ends the match. The latter fact makes it necessary for medical attendants at judo matches to have some understanding of this rather complex aspect of