productivity, regeneration capacity, and vitality, while continuing to fulfill relevant ecological, economic and social functions Tree farm – a forest or woodland owned privately where timber crop production is a major management goal Types of trees and forests Types of trees List of trees and shrubs by taxonomic family List of tree species by shade tolerance – tree grouped by shade tolerance, a determinant in successional status List of woods – commonly used in the timber and lumber trade Types of forests By ecological factors (climate, composition, etc.) Boreal forests (taiga) – occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous Coniferous forests Temperate forests – forests in temperate zones Broadleaf forests, for example: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Evergreen coniferous forests, for example: Temperate coniferous forests Temperate rainforests Broadleaf evergreen forests – supported in warm temperate zones. Examples include: Laurel forests Tropical and subtropical forests Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests By physical structure or developmental stage Old growth forest Secondary forest By dominant tree species, for example Ponderosa pine forests Douglas-fir forests List of types of formally designated forests – various institutionally designated types of forest areas, generally classified by use or ownership Geography of forests List of countries by forest area – using data from the CIA's World Factbook, presents the total area in km2 and the percentage of land covered by forests Lists of forests List of old growth forests – by continent, country, province; with various descriptive information Map of biomes List of life zones by region Occupations in forestry Arborist – professional responsible for the maintenance of individual trees in an urban forest also called a tree surgeon. Donkey puncher was the operator of a small steam donkey, a machine used in logging in the 19th and 20th centuries. Fire lookout – person assigned to spot for fires/smoke atop a fire lookout tower Forest ecologist – studies patterns, processes, flora and fauna in forest ecosystems Forest economist – model and analyze economic aspects of forest growth, utilization, and conservation Forest engineer – civil engineer specializing in all aspects of timber and forest operations, including road-building, railways, log transport, etc. Forest ranger – responsible for managing and policing human use of the forest; sometimes also acts as educator and interpreter Forest sociologist – applied social scientist working with a wide variety of stakeholders