world, with no need to test their ideas. Socializers Networker (explicit) They assess other player's capabilities. Friend (implicit) They enjoy their company. Killers Politician (Explicit) Their aim is to get a big, good reputation. Griefer (implicit) Their vague aim is to get a big, bad reputation. According to Bartle: "The 4-part version is easy to draw because it's 2D, but the 8-part one is 3D; it's therefore much harder to draw in such a way as it doesn't collapse in a mass of lines." (Bartle's personal blog.)There is one known online test based on this model. Criticism Bartle's divisions provide a foundation for investigating gamer psychology; however, subsequent studies have noted certain limitations. For example, Nick Yee has argued that a "component" framework provides more explanatory power than a "category" framework. Bartle's motivation factors were analysed for correlation by factorial analysis based on a sample of 7,000 MMO players. One of the results was that the Bartle's Explorer type didn't appear and more importantly its subfactors "exploring the world" and "analysing the game mechanics" didn't correlate. Jon Radoff has proposed a new four-quadrant model of player motivations (immersion, cooperation, achievement, and competition) that has a goal of combining simplicity along with the major motivational elements that apply to all games (multiplayer or otherwise). See also BrainHex GNS theory References External links MUDs Video game studies Personality tests