al-Mutahhar's rebellion broke out in Yemen and the fleet had to be recalled there. Nevertheless, two vessels with munitions and military experts reached Aceh and the crew appeared to have stayed in Alauddin's service. They participated in the 1568 campaign, while in a new sea battle with the Portuguese in 1570, the Acehnese likewise made use of Turkish arms. This campaign was apparently coordinated with the attack on Portuguese Goa by the Deccan Sultanates of Bijapur, Golconda, Bidar and Ahmadnagar. The battle, which took place close to the main port of Aceh, was nevertheless a failure, and the Acehnese fleet suffered great losses. The superior artillery and more robust ships of the Portuguese explain part of the repeated Acehnese failures, which Turkish help could not make up for. Family and death According to the relatively trustworthy chronicle Bustanus Salatin, Alauddin had five sons: Sultan Abdullah, ruler of Aru (d. 1568) Sultan Husain, later Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I (d. 1579) Sultan Mughal, ruler of Priaman, later Sultan Sri Alam (d. 1579) Abdul Jalil, killed by his father due to excessive ambition; grandfather of Sultan Iskandar Muda Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar died on 28 September 1571, as is apparent from the inscription on his grave. He was succeeded by his son Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I. Although Sultan Alauddin was not actually militarily successful against Portuguese Melaka, his reign witnessed the beginning of the high tide of Aceh's power. See also Ottoman expedition to Aceh Spread of Islam in Indonesia References Sources Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 65, pp. 135–265. Encyclopedia of Islam (1960), Vol. 1. Leiden & London: Brill & Luzac. Hadi, Amirul (2004) Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Leiden: Brill. Iskandar, Teuku (1958) De Hikajat Atjeh. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff. Kalus, Ludvik & Claude Guillot (2013) 'La principauté de Daya, mi-XVe-mi-XVIe siècle', Archipel 85, pp. 201–36. Lombard, Denys (1967) Le sultanat d'Atjéh au temps d'Iskandar Muda, 1607-1636. Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient. Reid, Anthony (2010) 'Aceh and the Turkish Connection', in Arndt Graaf et al. (eds), Aceh: History, Politics and Culture. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 26–38. Ricklefs, Merle C. (1994) A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, Stanford: Stanford University Press. Sultans of Aceh 16th-century monarchs in Asia 1571 deaths 16th-century