Flag journal in 1958 did not appear at all between July 1966 and January 1977. In its final form Hanyu Pinyin: was used to indicate pronunciation only was exclusively based on the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect included tone marks embodied the traditional "initial sound", "final sound", and "suprasegmental tone" model was written in the Latin alphabet Hanyu Pinyin has developed from Mao's 1951 directive, through the promulgation on 1 November 1957 of a draft version by the State Council, to its final form being approved by the State Council in September 1978, to being accepted in 1982 by the International Organization for Standardization as the standard for transcribing Chinese. John DeFrancis has described Mao Zedong's belief that pinyin would eventually replace Chinese characters, but this has not come to pass, and in fact such a plan had already ceased together with the end of Latinxua Sinwenz movement. Tongyong Pinyin Tongyong Pinyin is a system with some usage in Taiwan. It was introduced by the linguist Yu Bor-chuan in 1998 and was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was developed in part to create a Taiwanese identity distinct from China, which uses the Hanyu Pinyin. Whether to use this system is considered a political issue in Taiwan. Variations in pronunciation "The Chinese and Japanese repository" stated that romanization would standardize the different pronunciations Chinese often had for one word, which was common for all mostly unwritten languages. Contributor Rev James Summers wrote, in 1863: See also Comparison of Chinese romanization systems Transliteration of Chinese Transcription into Chinese characters Romanization of Japanese Vietnamese language History of writing in Vietnam Notes References Citations Sources Anon, Reform of the Chinese Written Language, Foreign Languages Press, (Peking), 1958. Chao, Y.R., A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, University of California Press, (Berkeley), 1968. Chappell, H., "The Romanization Debate", Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No.4, (July 1980), pp. 105–118. Chen, P., "Phonetization of Chinese", pp. 164–190 in Chen, P., Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1999. DeFrancis, J., Nationalism and Language Reform in China, Princeton University Press, (Princeton), 1950. Hsia, T., China's Language Reforms, Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956. Ladefoged, Peter; & Maddieson, Ian. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. (hbk); (pbk). Ladefoged, Peter; & Wu, Zhongji. (1984). Places of articulation: An investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates. Journal of