The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life extension: Life extension – study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan. Also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology. Goals Biological immortality Indefinite lifespan Longevity Rejuvenation Longevity Centenarian Supercentenarian Longevity escape velocity Strategies Research and development Timeline of senescence research Available strategies Calorie restriction or protein restriction or intermittent fasting Exercise Geroprotector Senolytics Potential future strategies Cryonics Genetic therapies Cloning and body part replacement Cell replacement therapies (CRT) Strategies for engineered negligible senescence (SENS) Digital immortality through mind uploading Suspended animation Immunisation Aging Evolution of ageing Gerontology Pro-aging trance Hallmarks of aging Altered intercellular communication Cellular senescence Deregulated nutrient sensing Epigenetic alterations Genomic instability Loss of proteostasis Mitochondrial dysfunction Stem cell exhaustion Telomere attrition Causes of aging Cross-links Crosslinking of DNA Free radicals – atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. They are countered to some extent by antioxidants. Glycation Advanced glycation end-product Lipofuscin Viral infections (acute or chronic) Theories of aging Theories of aging Antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging Caloric restriction theory Cross-linkage theory of aging Death hormone theory Disposable soma theory of aging DNA damage theory of aging Epigenetic clock theory of aging Error catastrophe theory of aging Errors and Repairs Theory Free-radical theory of aging Gene mutation theory Genetic control theory Glycation theory of aging Hayflick limit theory Inflammation theory of aging Immunological theory of aging Log-normal theory of mortality Membrane theory of aging Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging Mitochondrial Theory of Aging Mutation accumulation theory of aging Neuroendocrine theory of aging Order to disorder theory of aging Rate of living theory Redundant DNA theory Reliability theory of aging and longevity Reproductive-cell cycle theory Somatic mutation theory of aging Telomeric theory of aging Theory of programmed death Thermodynamic theory of aging Thymic-stimulating theory Waste accumulation theory Organizations Alcor Life Extension Foundation Altos Labs Alliance for Aging Research American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine American Aging Association BioViva Buck Institute for Research on Aging Calico Cryonics Institute International Longevity Alliance LEV Foundation Life Extension Advocacy Foundation Life Extension Foundation Methuselah Foundation – non-profit organization