were attended by thousands, and earned Dickens and the cast unusually effusive reviews. To Miss Coutts, Dickens wrote of his pleasure at being able to effect "the crying of two thousand people", including the stage-hands, carpenters, and even the cast, with his final death scene in the role of Wardour. Revivals The Frozen Deep was not again produced under the aegis of Dickens. It was briefly revived in a revised version with Wilkie Collins's blessing in 1866, but was a relative flop, leaving Collins convinced that it should no longer be staged. Instead, he undertook a rewriting of the entire play as a novella, which was published in book form and became a regular text for his successful public readings both in Britain and the United States. Its only other revival was in 2005 at the Edinburgh Festival, when a completely new dramatic version, adapted in turn from Collins's prose version, was staged by the Ironduke company. Described as "dark and moody" by reviewers, it was not a particular success, although in the wake of its appearance Collins's novella came back into print for the first time in many decades. References Under the Management of Charles Dickens: His Production of "The Frozen Deep", by Robert Louis Brannan. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1966. The Letters of Charles Dickens. Vol. VIII, 1856–1858, edited by Graham Storey and Kathleen Tillotson. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1995. The Public Face of Wilkie Collins – the Collected Letters, edited by William Baker, Andrew Gasson, Graham Law, and Paul Lewis. Pickering & Chatto, London 2005 . Unequal Partners: Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, and Victorian Authorship, by Lillian Nayder. Cornell University Press, 2002 The Fate of Franklin, by Roderic Owen. London: Hutchinson, 1978. Lorraine McCann, review of the 2005 production of "The Frozen Deep" at www.edinburghguide.com External links Project Gutenberg e-Text of Wilkie Collins's novella based on The Frozen Deep The Frozen Deep, audio book of Wilkie Collins's novella at Librivox The Edinburgh Festival's listing of the revival of The Frozen Deep Corrected prompt copy of the play, digitized from a British Library manuscript 1857 plays Arctic in fiction Collaborative plays Plays by Charles Dickens Plays by Wilkie Collins