busbyi include rats, pigs, possums, hedgehogs and birds. Rats and birds eat the juvenile snails. Pigs eat these snails at all sizes including the eggs, and pigs also destroy the snail's habitat. Conservation Already Henry Suter noted in 1913, that this species is being rapidly exterminated by the destruction of its natural habitat - (the kauri forests), by bush-fires, and by rats and pigs. Threats of this species are consuming by introduced animals, habitat fragmentation and habitat modification. It is protected by Wildlife Act 1953. Paryphanta spp. was listed in appendix II of CITES and it was removed, because collection is not a significant factor of this species (and the genus) decline. This species is nearly threatened in the 2009 IUCN Red List. It was listed as in category "Chronically Threatened - Gradual decline" in 2002 New Zealand Threat Classification System lists, and was classified in category C ("third priority of threatened species") according to the Molloy & Davis 1994 ranking system. However it is not in this category in the 2005 New Zealand Threat Classification System lists. In 2021 it is listed as, "endangered or threatened". See also Paryphanta Paryphanta watti References This article incorporates public domain text from references. Further reading Coad N. (1998) "The kauri snail (Paryphanta busbyi busbyi), its ecology and the impact of introduced predators". MSc thesis, University of Auckland. 161 pp. Cox J. C. (1888) "Contributions to Conchology. No. I." Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2(4): 1061-1064. Linnean Society of New South Wales. Plate XX, figure 6. Hutton F. W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. A systematic and descriptive catalogue of the marine and land shells, and of the soft mollusks and Polyzoa of New Zealand and the adjacent islands. Wellington. Pages 21-22. Ohms P. G. (1948) "Some aspects of the anatomy of Paryphanta busbyi". MSc thesis, University of Auckland. Powell A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, External links http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/invertebrates/kauri-snail/ http://bushmansfriend.blogspot.com/2007/07/kauri-snails-paryphanta-busbyi-mating.html photo of feeding photo of shells Paryphanta busbyi at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Rhytididae Taxa named by John Edward Gray Endemic fauna of New Zealand Gastropods described in 1840 Endemic molluscs of New Zealand