('The Object of Knowledge') for which he received his master's degree (1916). It was followed by his Dusha Cheloveka ('Man's Soul') (1917). In summer 1917, Frank was appointed dean of the arts faculty of the new University of Saratov. In 1921, he was appointed to the chair of philosophy in Moscow University. There he joined the philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, who was directing the Free Academy of Spiritual Culture. On 29 September 1922 some 160 prominent intellectuals and their families were expelled (at their own expense and not return without the permission of the Soviet authorities) on a so-called "philosophers' ship" from Petrograd to Stettin, where they arrived on 2 October. Frank spent the rest of life supported by the World Council of Churches and his friend Ludwig Binswanger who was one of the most famous psychiatrists in the world. Since the 1930s, cooperation with ecumenical journals and organizations became increasingly important for Frank. In December 1931 he was elected as head of the Russian Scientific Institute (RSI) in Berlin. On 7 April 1933, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service required an Aryan certificate from all employees and officials in the public sector, including education. His jewish ancestry rendered him unemployable in Germany. For a couple of months he was succeeded by Ivan Ilyin and then by Adolf Ehrt. In January 1936 Frank stopped collaborating with the Kantian Society. Fleeing the Nazi persecution, he moved to Paris in 1937. During his exile, he published several books and articles in Russian and articles in German, French and one in Dutch "De Russische Wereldbeschouwing" (1932). According to Willem Adolph Visser 't Hooft he was a great authority on religion and metaphysics. He and his wife survived World War II by hiding near Grenoble; thanks to the intercession of J.R.R. Tolkien, the Russian philosopher received a scholarship from the World Council of Churches. Their four children escaped to Britain. In the early years of the war he wrote 'God With Us', the first of his works to be translated into English (published in 1946). In 1945, he and his wife moved to Britain. Frank died of lung cancer (?) in London. He and his wife are buried in Hendon Cemetery in London. Metaphysical libertarianism Semyon Frank's philosophy was based on the ontological theory knowledge. This means that knowledge was intuitive in whole but also logically abstract; logic being limited to