A justacorps or justaucorps () is a knee-length coat worn by men in the latter half of the 17th century and throughout the 18th century. The garment is of French origin, and was introduced in England as a component of a three-piece ensemble, which also included breeches and a long vest or waistcoat. This ensemble served as the prototype of the frock coat, which in turn evolved into the modern-day three-piece suit. The fabric selection and styling of the justacorps varied throughout time periods, as fashions frequently altered. Development In 1666, Charles II of England reset men's fashion in England by introducing a new garment, referred to as a vest or waistcoat. The vest was knee-length, worn in conjunction with breeches and an overcoat of equal length. The coat became known as the justacorps or cassock due to its similarity to the vestments worn by priests. This outfit is thought to be the prototype of the modern day men's three-piece suit. This outfit seems to have been a plainer "sober" take on the earlier but similarly cut justaucorps, veste and culottes outfit which had been imposed by King Louis XIV in the French court. King Charles gradually became more closely influenced by French fashions by the 1670s, and French fashion spread to the English public. The justaucorps, according to Susan Mokhberi, was modelled on a similar Persian coat, with similar floral embroidery and tight fitting body and sleeves. Like the Persian rulers did with the garment, King Louis XIV bestowed it onto key subjects as an emblem of his favour, and it came to be associated with French absolutism and the links and commonalities between the Safavid and Bourbon absolutist regimes. Similar coats known as achkans and sherwanis had been worn in India for centuries, and could be either sleeved or sleeveless. These were often worn by wealthy travellers who visited the East during the early 1600s, and some may have been brought back to England. Another garment that came into fashion in Poland and Hungary at the same time was the zupan or dolman with its distinctive turn-back cuffs and decorative gold braid. The zupan started out as a long and heavy winter gown before becoming shorter and more fitted during the 16th century. These Polish garments (kontusz and zupan) were also based on oriental influences, due to the Polish cultural ideology of Sarmatism. These Central European and Indian