Arcadia is a town in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,666 at the 2010 census. History Settlers began to move into the area as early as 1833, when Hencil Bartholomew bought property near present day Arcadia, and other settlers quickly followed. On December 12, 1836, John and Harriet Shaffer bought 160 acres of land adjacent to a plot owned by Daniel and Matilda Waltz, which was later to become the heart of downtown Arcadia. Railroad On January 18, 1846, the Peru and Indianapolis Railroad (P&I) was incorporated to construct and operate a line from Peru, Indiana, to Indianapolis to connect with the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad (JMI). By 1849 the town was laid out when the railroad had surveyed a route across the land owned by Shaffer and Waltz, and a year later in 1850, the two men donated the land on which the town was founded, which was plotted the next year by Isaac Martz. According to tradition, the town was originally to be named "Shaltz", combining the names of the two men Shaffer and Waltz, but the official naming was left up to Judge Jeremiah Smith, who called it Arcadia, after the ancient region of Greece. The Arcadia post office opened in 1852. At this time, the site was heavily wooded, and described as "low" and marshy. After the town was laid out, the woods were cleared and streets paved with gravel, and their upkeep was paid for by a toll of 10 cents for a horse and buggy and 12 cents for a horse and wagon. The land was drained by two large open ditches, later spanned by crude log bridges. Early sidewalks were raised wooden platforms, later replaced by gravel and sawdust. Manufacturing and Industry By 1852, the railroad was complete, which included a north and south road constructed by the railroad which ran from Indianapolis to Peru, Indiana. Immediately Arcadia enjoyed steady growth as a farming community, and attracted a wide variety of businesses, which in the early years included a cigar factory, a cabinet shop, a flour and sawmill, and a planing mill to manufacture building materials. The town continued to attract new businesses through the end of the century. By the 1880s the town included a wagon shop, a drug store, a butcher shop, a hardware store, and a number of dry goods and grocery stores, a