one example is the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. In 1873, thermodynamicist Willard Gibbs published "Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids." These sorts of foundations naturally began to be applied towards the development of theoretical models of atmospheric thermodynamics which drew the attention of the best minds. Papers on atmospheric thermodynamics appeared in the 1860s that treated such topics as dry and moist adiabatic processes. In 1884 Heinrich Hertz devised first atmospheric thermodynamic diagram (emagram). Pseudo-adiabatic process was coined by von Bezold describing air as it is lifted, expands, cools, and eventually precipitates its water vapor; in 1888 he published voluminous work entitled "On the thermodynamics of the atmosphere". In 1911 von Alfred Wegener published a book "Thermodynamik der Atmosphäre", Leipzig, J. A. Barth. From here the development of atmospheric thermodynamics as a branch of science began to take root. The term "atmospheric thermodynamics", itself, can be traced to Frank W. Verys 1919 publication: "The radiant properties of the earth from the standpoint of atmospheric thermodynamics" (Occasional scientific papers of the Westwood Astrophysical Observatory). By the late 1970s various textbooks on the subject began to appear. Today, atmospheric thermodynamics is an integral part of weather forecasting. Chronology 1751 Charles Le Roy recognized dew point temperature as point of saturation of air 1782 Jacques Charles made hydrogen balloon flight measuring temperature and pressure in Paris 1784 Concept of variation of temperature with height was suggested 1801–1803 John Dalton developed his laws of pressures of vapours 1804 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac made balloon ascent to study weather 1805 Pierre Simon Laplace developed his law of pressure variation with height 1841 James Pollard Espy publishes paper on convection theory of cyclone energy 1856 William Ferrel presents dynamics causing westerlies 1889 Hermann von Helmholtz and John William von Bezold used the concept of potential temperature, von Bezold used adiabatic lapse rate and pseudoadiabat 1893 Richard Asman constructs first aerological sonde (pressure-temperature-humidity) 1894 John Wilhelm von Bezold used concept of equivalent temperature 1926 Sir Napier Shaw introduced tephigram 1933 Tor Bergeron published paper on "Physics of Clouds and Precipitation" describing precipitation from supercooled (due to condensational growth of ice crystals in presence of water drops) 1946 Vincent J. Schaeffer and Irving Langmuir performed the first cloud seeding experiment 1986 K. Emanuel conceptualizes tropical cyclone as Carnot heat engine Applications Hadley Circulation The Hadley Circulation can be considered as a heat engine. The Hadley circulation is identified with rising