which Humières supported the Royalists; he took part in the latter stages of the Franco-Spanish War and by 1658 was a Lieutenant-General. He fought under Turenne at the Battle of the Dunes, a decisive victory that led to the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees. In the 1667-1668 War of Devolution, France over-ran Franche-Comté and much of the Spanish Netherlands; Humières participated in the 1667 Siege of Lille and in 1668, he was made a Marshal of France. However, the Dutch preferred a weak Spain as a neighbour in the Spanish Netherlands, rather than a strong and ambitious France; with England and Sweden, they formed the Triple Alliance, obliging Louis to return most of his gains in the 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Angered by what he viewed as ingratitude for previous French support against Spain, Louis made preparations to invade the Netherlands. In April 1672, Turenne was appointed general en chef or senior commander of French forces in the Netherlands; this caused problems, as the convention was Marshalls did not serve under other Marshalls. Humières, de Créquy and Bellefonds refused to serve under Turenne, arguing that to do so would diminish their personal prestige and the position of Marshal; all three were banished to their estates. The Franco-Dutch War began in May 1672, when the French over-ran much of the Dutch Republic and initially seemed to have achieved an overwhelming victory. By late July, the Dutch position had stabilised and they gained the support of Brandenburg-Prussia, Emperor Leopold and Charles II of Spain. With new fronts opening in Spain and the Rhineland, French troops withdrew from the Dutch Republic by the end of 1673, retaining only Grave and Maastricht. By 1673, Humières and his two colleagues had made their apologies and been taken back into service; he spent most of the war in the Spanish Netherlands, primarily occupied in siege warfare. In the 1683-1684 War of the Reunions, he commanded the French army of Flanders, capturing the Spanish-held towns of Kortrijk or Coutrai and Diksmuide in November 1683. Henri-Louis, his son and heir, was killed during the Siege of Luxembourg, which surrendered in June 1684; in return for confirming possession of Luxembourg and Strasbourg, annexed in 1681, France returned its other conquests in the Truce of Ratisbon. The truce of Ratisbon was supposed to last 20 years but ended in 1688 when Louis began the Nine Years War by invading the