ground (core aeration). Aeration may be overlooked when trying to restore a lawn but is vital to bring it back to health. It improves drainage and reduces puddles formation. Spike aeration involves the use of an aeration machine with spikes up to a foot or more in length. It is sometimes used to address drainage issues in areas with turf. Core aeration is done on turf areas as a means of reducing turf compaction, reducing thatch buildup, improving the infiltration of water/nutrients, encouraging deeper roots, and creating an environment where grass seed can have direct contact with the soil. There are many types of lawn aerators including walk behind models, ride on versions and tractor pulled versions, as well as spiked shoes. Liquid aeration involves applying a fortified liquid solution to the lawn. The active ingredient, ammonium lauryl sulfate, is commonly found in soap. The solution breaks down dense particles in the soil and loosens it up, creating beneficial airways. Liquid aeration is a more efficient and less stressful way of loosening soil compaction. Liquid aeration, in combination with liquid fertilizers, is more effective at bringing the pH of the soil back into balance when compared to core aeration. Furthermore, the underlying science shows it significantly lowers soil compaction while conserving the health of current turf. Aeration in food Refers to the process in which air is absorbed into the food item. It refers to the lightness of cakes and bread, as measured by the type of pores they contain, and the color and texture of some sauces which have incorporated air bubbles. In wine tasting, a variety of methods are used to aerate wine and bring out the aromas including swirl wine in the glass, use of a decanter to increase exposure to air, or a specialized wine aerator. Cider from Asturias is poured into the glass from a height of about 1 metre (el escanciado) to increase aeration. See also Winkler test for dissolved oxygen References Chemical processes Gas technologies