that year the duke was compelled to do liege homage and swear an oath of fealty () not only to King Roger, but also to his sons Duke Roger III of Apulia and the recently installed Prince Alfonso of Capua. Thereafter, Richard was a vassal of the king. When he died, his duchy passed to the crown and was gradually integrated into the kingdom as a royal city. Notes Sources 1140s deaths 12th-century Italian nobility Italo-Normans Norman warriors Dukes of Gaeta Year of birth unknown