November Pogrom and murder There were multiple National Socialist organizations in Bremen, as in the rest of the Third Reich. To begin with, acts of violence were largely perpetrated by the Sturmabteilung (SA). The SA in Bremen was under the control of the SA group "Nordsee", which was originally based in Hannover and after 1933 had various posts in Bremen, latterly at 75 Hollerallee (now Forum Kirche of the Bremen Evangelical Church). From 1935, the regional SA group was led by Heinrich Böhmcker, who was also the mayor of Bremen. In Munich on the evening of 9 November 1938, Böhmcker attended a meeting of SA leaders in which Hitler and his propaganda minister Goebbels incited Germany-wide acts of terror against Jews: the so-called November Pogrom, which is still generally referred to by the now increasingly controversial term "Kristallnacht". After an inflammatory speech by Goebbels, the attending Gauleiter and SA leaders gave their local duty offices commands according to this speech. Böhmcker also telephoned his staff office in Bremen: synagogues should be set on fire and businesses with Jewish owners should be destroyed. Word-for-word: "All Jews must be disarmed. If they resist, do not hesitate to shoot them down". As a result of this, during that same night the bicycle dealer Selma Zweinicki and the businessman Heinrich Rosenblum were killed in the Bremen area of Neustadt. The terror order was passed from Bremen to Geestemünde, and from there, via Walter Seggermann, to the SA commanders Ernst Röschmann and Fritz Köster in a stronger form: "Red alert for the SA across the whole of Germany. [...] When evening comes, there can be no more Jews in Germany. Jewish business must also be destroyed." Köster, who was also the mayor of Lesum, reacted in surprise: "What is actually supposed to happen to the Jews?" – "Annihilate!". Röschmann reassured himself of this with a call to the SA group "Nordsee" in Bremen, in which the plan was confirmed. Fritz Köster subsequently gave the command to shoot Adolph and Martha Goldberg in Burgdamm and the mechanic Leopold Sinasohn in the neighboring rural community Platjenwerbe, which is now a part of Ritterhude. All three were murdered in the night on 10 November 1938. The Goldbergs were "woken abruptly at 5 in the morning on 10 November" by an SA Scharführer unknown to them, August Frühling, and "shot and killed in their living room". Frühling was a