In Chinese philology, the Old Texts () refer to some versions of the Five Classics discovered during the Han Dynasty, written in archaic characters and supposedly produced before the burning of the books. The term became used in contrast with Modern Texts or New Texts (今文經), which indicated a group of texts written in the orthography currently in use during the Han dynasty. Historical sources record the recovery of a group of texts during the last half of the 2nd century BC from the walls of Confucius’s old residence in Qufu, the old capital of State of Lu, when Prince Liu Yu (d. 127 BC) attempted to expand it into a palace upon taking the throne there. In the course of taking the old wall apart, the restorers found versions of the Classic of History, Rites of Zhou, Yili, Analects of Confucius and Classic of Filial Piety, all written in the old orthography used prior to the reforms of the Clerical script. Hence, they were called “old texts”. Terminology New Texts Confucian classics that were reconstructed from surviving copies and scraps. The Gongyang Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan commentaries and the Classic of Rites are called New Texts. Old Texts These alternate versions of the classics were found after the New Texts were compiled. Some came from the Confucian family manor while others were found in the imperial archives or in private collections. The Rites of Zhou and the Zuo Zhuan commentary are Old Texts. Forged Old Texts This only concerns the rediscovered version of Classic of History. During the Jin Dynasty (266–420), Mei Ze, a minor official discovered a preface by Kong Anguo and 25 chapters that he claimed were the Old Texts. Suspicions emerged during the Song dynasty but it was not proven until Yan Ruoju circulated his thesis in the Qing dynasty. Recent archaeological recoveries of ancient classics have backed Yan. Huangfu Mi, Wang Su, or Mei Ze himself is suspected as the forger. Received Texts The version that has been transmitted to the present. It includes the Old Text version of Changes and Poetry, the New Text version of the Yili, a combined version of the Analects, and the New Text version of History with the 25 forged chapters. Controversy among new schools By the time of 1st century, a new controversy had begun between these two texts. The "new texts" are those that had been transliterated