founded, with Napoleon's brother, Louis Napoleon as King of Holland. In 1810, the area was annexed into the First French Empire. In 1813, the Netherlands regained their independence, with William's son William Frederick as sovereign prince. See also Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam References External links Danielle Aucoin. The Dutch Patriot Revolution 1780 – 1787:Continuity or Change? The Patriots, 1787 The Prussian Invasion of the Netherlands in 1787 Further reading Klein, S.R.E. (1995) Patriots Republikanisme. Politieke cultuur in Nederland (1766-1787). Leeb, I.L. (1973) The Ideological Origins of the Batavian Revolution. Verweij, G. (1996) Geschiedenis van Nederland. Levensverhaal van zijn bevolking. Patriottentijd 18th-century revolutions Batavian Republic Atlantic Revolutions Napoleonic Wars