enclitic is removed, leaving as the sole negation marker in the sentence. This occurs because and are both located in the same position in a word as . -only negation is demonstrated in the following examples. The presence of the demonstrative morpheme in the first clause of Example 4 displaces (and removes) . Thus, is the sole negator of the clause. This example shows the presence of the conjunction , which is attached to the end of the verb stem . This removes and again leaves as the only negation marker in the sentence. Negation within Oceanic language family Maisin is an Oceanic language (Eberhard, Simons, & Fennig, 2019), and its negation system is fairly typical of Oceanic languages. Oceanic languages often express negation discontinuously, with the first element located preverbally and the second postverbally – Maisin fits this pattern, as the above examples demonstrate. Additionally, Maisin follows both the Polynesian pattern of marking negation clause-initially and the Papuan pattern of marking negation clause-finally. List of abbreviations FUT = 'final' future enclitic LOC = locative enclitic NEG = negative enclitic PROG = progressive aspect TOP = topic marker enclitic Notes The first interlinear text example was retrieved from page 50 of Maisin: A Preliminary Sketch by Malcolm Ross. The glossing of the morphemes and as 'PG' and the verb stem 'swim' respectively means that the negative enclitic is attached to 'swim'. This does not seem to fit the description of as attaching to the tense- or aspect-marking enclitic of the predicate. The progressive marker is generated through reduplication, and so the glossing of each morpheme may be ambiguous - that is, it may not be entirely clear as to whether should be glossed as 'PG' or 'swim', and likewise with the morpheme . This may explain why the first example seems to deviate from the typical pattern of negation. See also Magori language, a similar case References Sources External links Bada ari Foraga ari Buandi ari nane, ai Totoruga Muanfafusi The Service of Holy Communion in the Maisin Language (1921 translation digitized by Richard Mammana) Maisin organised phonology data Materials on Maisin are included in the open access Arthur Capell collections (AC1 and AC2) held by Paradisec Paradisec also has a number of other collections in the Maisin language Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Languages of Milne Bay Province Unclassified languages of New Guinea Mixed languages