Orthodox or secular Russians in terms of dress and lifestyle. Subbotnik Karaites Distribution Besides Tambov, Subbotnik Karaites also lived in Saratov Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Samara Oblast, Khakassia, Irkutsk Oblast along the Molochna River in Novorossiya, in Krasnodar Krai, Armenia and Azerbaijan and along the Russian Empire's borders with Iran. While not all statistics for all provinces are readily available, there are more than 2500 in Privolnoye, Azerbaijan alone. Characteristics From 1870 they began to use the "Everyday Prayers for Karaites" by Abraham Firkovich (1870, Vilnius) for their liturgy, which in 1882 they were allowed to publish in Russian as "Порядок молитв для караимов". It was based on the Siddur Tefillot keMinhag haKaraim by Isaak ben Solomon Ickowicz. The Subbotnik Karaites had contacts with the Crimean Karaites, who, to a degree, exemplified for them "a Jewish model to be imitated", "were occasional and never formally arranged since, in particular, normative Karaism denied the acceptance of proselytes and regarded the very existence of a community of Karaites of non-Jewish origin senseless." Distribution Due to tsarist persecution, Subbotniks spread out creating a wide diaspora, living since the 19th century in the following countries and regions: Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria (Southern Dobruja region) France Georgia Iran Israel Moldova Poland Romania (Northern Dobruja region) Russia Ukraine Uruguay United States Uzbekistan Notable people Andrey Dubrovin (1863–1967), farmer and Zionist pioneer Alexander Zaïd (1886–1938), founding member of two Jewish self-defense militias See also Christianity and Judaism Ger toshav Judaizers Khazars Messianic Judaism Noahides Proselyte Righteous among the Nations Righteous gentiles San Nicandro Jews Spiritual Christianity References Bibliography Astyrev, N. "Subbotniki v Rossii i Sibiri". In Syeverny Vyestnik, 1891, No. 6. Dinard, E. In Ha-Meliẓ, 1887, No. 75. Kostomarov, Russkaya Istoriya, vol. i. Univ. Isr. 1854, p. 396. External links Armenian Subbotniks Articles from the Shavei Israel website: Save the Subbotniks (17 February 2005) Saving the Subbotniks (22 March 2005) Saving Russia’s Subbotnik Jews (20 May 2005) Russian Runaround (30 April 2006) Ken sos los Subbotniks? "Who are the Subbotniks?" (article is in Ladino), Turkey The Subbotniki Information Exchange website (Cубботники, Subbotniks) ...preserving our Subbotnik heritage. Groups who converted to Judaism Jewish Christianity Nontrinitarian denominations Religion in Israel Russian Jews Seventh-day denominations