Pannonia Superior, lit. Upper Pannonia, was a province of the Roman Empire. Its capital was Carnuntum. It was one on the border provinces on the Danube. It was formed in the year 103 AD by Emperor Trajan who divided the former province of Pannonia into two parts: Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior. The province included parts of present-day states of Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. History It was as governor of the province that Septimius Severus made his bid for the Roman Imperial throne in April 193 CE. In 308 Emperor Diocletian chaired a historic meeting with his co-emperors Maximian and Galerius in Carnuntum, to solve the rising tensions within the Tetrarchy. Diocletian and Maximian were both present on 11 November 308, to see Galerius appoint Licinius to be Augustus in place of Valerius Severus, who had died at the hands of Maxentius. Galerius ordered Maximian, who had attempted to return to power after his own retirement, to step down permanently. At Carnuntum people begged Diocletian to return to the throne, to resolve the conflicts that had arisen through Constantine the Great's rise to power and Maxentius' usurpation. Diocletian's reply: "If you could show the cabbage that I planted with my own hands to your emperor, he definitely wouldn't dare suggest that I replace the peace and happiness of this place with the storms of a never-satisfied greed." Cities Some of the important cities in Upper Pannonia were: Vindobona (today Vienna in Austria) Siscia (today Sisak in Croatia) Iovia Botivo (today Ludbreg in Croatia) Aquae Balissae (today Daruvar in Croatia) Andautonia (today Ščitarjevo in Croatia) Savaria (today Szombathely in Hungary) Scarbantia (today Sopron in Hungary) Arrabona (today Győr in Hungary) Poetovio (today Ptuj in Slovenia) Later usage The northern part of the 8th-century Frankish March of Pannonia was also called Upper Pannonia. The name can be found even much later in a similar, but wider, meaning. E.g. Otto von Freising (Chron. 6, 15) uses it to refer to Austria (i.e. Austria proper) in the 12th century. List of Roman governors Publius Metilius Nepos 106-107/8 Lucius Minicius Natalis 113/114-117/118 Lucius Cornelius Latinianus c. 126 Cornelius Proculus 130/131-133/134 Lucius Aelius Caesar 136-137 Titus Haterius Nepos 137-c. 141 Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus c. 145-c. 150 Claudius Maximus c. 150-c. 155 Marcus Nonius Macrinus c. 159-c. 162 Lucius Dasumius Tullius Tuscus c. 162-c. 166 Marcus Iallus Bassus Fabius Valerianus c. 166-c. 169