and testing methods. The Small Arms Weapons Systems Division utilizes a weapon shock simulator to augment live-fire on weapon accessories and other weapon-mounted electronics to ensure proper survivability. Measured shock profiles from actual weapons are used with the simulator to test the survivability of batteries, electrical connections, and optical components. This division also uses a six-axis platform that simulates sea states for testing auto tracker software. The Electro-Optic Technology Division uses modeling tools in a number of applications. Examples include using a variety of commercially available tools to do the following: evaluate the performance of Infrared systems, to accurately predict atmospheric effects on specific optical/electromagnetic wavelengths predict turbulence effects on optical transmission and imaging at different altitudes simulate a realistic system-level minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) test result model laser beam propagation through the atmosphere over the distance to a target calculate spatial frequencies based upon range, scene, and sensor predict electro-optical sensors and I2 tubes Minimum Resolvable Contrast (MRC) predict the Contrast Threshold Function (CTF) of a human interacting with an imaging system in order to predict task range performance predict an imaging system modulation transfer function (MTF) predict electrooptical weapon and navigation systems performance model laser-based active imager performance predict mission effectiveness versus sensor system versus environmental conditions use Concept Modeling tools to analyze warfighter tasks to provide improved sensors, interfaces, communications, and testing methods Additional modeling capabilities within the Special Missions Focus Area use common modeling tools (i.e., Finite Element Analysis, MATLAB, COMSOL, etc.) as well as tools developed within the government to better understand electrooptic phenomena, warfighter technology applications, benefits, and trade spaces of new technologies, etc. History In the late 1940s, an ammunition quality evaluation unit was added by the Bureau to expand its quality control system. As the complexity and sophistication of weapons increased in the 1950s and 1960s, Crane's activities, capabilities, and expertise expanded in scope under the newly formed Bureau of Weapons to include small arms, sonobuoy surveillance, microwave tubes, POLARIS missiles, and other scientific and engineering support to the Bureau. In the 1960s, Crane came under the command of the newly established Naval Ordnance Systems Command and began providing technical support for weapons systems including logistics, in-service engineering, repair, overhaul, and design. In the 1970s, Crane's support began to include batteries, rotating components, electronic components, failure analysis, and standard hardware and new technologies related to night vision systems. In 1974, Crane