fold signal amplification occurs for that one transcript. Separate but compatible signal amplification systems enable the multiplex assays. The signal can be visualized using a fluorescence or brightfield microscope. Basic steps for digoxigenin-labeled probes permeabilization of cells with proteinase K to open cell membranes (around 25 minutes, not needed for tissue sections or some early-stage embryos) binding of mRNAs to marked RNA probe (usually overnight) antibody-phosphatase binding to RNA-probe (some hours) staining of antibody (e.g., with alkaline phosphatase) The protocol takes around 2–3 days and takes some time to set up. Some companies sell robots to automate the process (e.g., Intavis InsituPro VSi). As a result, large-scale screenings have been conducted in laboratories on thousands of genes. The results can usually be accessed via websites (see external links). See also Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) Fluorescence in situ hybridization References Comprehensive and annotated in situ hybridization histochemistry RNA sequencing of pancreatic circulating tumour cells implicates WNT signalling in metastasis The Local Transcriptome in the Synaptic Neuropil Revealed by Deep Sequencing and High-Resolution Imaging External links In Situ Hybridization of RNA and miRNA Probes to cells, CTCs, and tissues Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of RNA Probes to Plant Tissues Preparation of Complex DNA Probe Sets for 3D FISH with up to Six Different Fluorochromes Transcript In Situ Hybridization of Whole-Mount Embryos for Phenotype Analysis of RNAi-Treated Drosophila in-situ databases: Ghost, C. intestinalis transcription factors Zebrafish gene expression Mouse MGI GXD gene expression eurexpress Biochemistry detection methods Genetics techniques Laboratory techniques Biological techniques and tools