The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) was a driving cycle, last updated in 1997, designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles). It is also referred to as MVEG cycle (Motor Vehicle Emissions Group). The NEDC, which is supposed to represent the typical usage of a car in Europe, is repeatedly criticised for delivering economy-figures which are unachievable in reality. It consists of four repeated ECE-15 urban driving cycles (UDC) and one Extra-Urban driving cycle (EUDC). The WLTP test cycle replaced NEDC for vehicles approved for sale in Europe after September 2018, and all published figures for vehicles on sale after January 2019 should use WLTP fuel economy figures The NEDC test procedure is defined in UNECE R101 for the measurement of and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range in hybrid and fully electric M1 and N1 vehicles, and UNECE R83 for the measurement of emission of pollutants of M, N1 and M2 vehicles. It was maintained by the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29), which also worked on its successor, the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). Although originally designed for petrol-based road vehicles, the driving cycle is now also used for diesel vehicles and to estimate the electric power consumption and driving range of hybrid and battery electric vehicles. History UNECE regulation 15 has become obsolete with introduction of UNECE regulation 83 related to "emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements". Measurements UN Regulation 101 Several measurements are usually performed along the cycle. The figures made available to the general public are: Urban fuel economy (first 780 seconds) Extra-Urban fuel economy (780 to 1180 s) Overall fuel economy (complete cycle) emission (complete cycle) The following parameters are also generally measured to validate the compliance to European emission standards: Carbon monoxide Unburnt hydrocarbons Nitrogen oxides Particulate matter UN Regulation 83 Some or all of the following parameters are measured depending upon the requirements of the region implementing the test: Mass of carbon monoxide (CO) Mass of total hydrocarbons (THC) Mass of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) Mass of oxides of nitrogen () Combined mass of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (THC + ) Mass of particulate matter (PM) Number of particulates (PN) The region implementing the test defines limits for each of the pollutants, for instance