of Japan. It also means "divine wind" or "spirit wind". kampaku (関白) – an Imperial regent who served a number of functions, including chief advisor and secretary. Kannō disturbance (観応擾乱, Kannō Jōran), also called Kannō incident – a 1350 factional struggle with serious consequences pitting Ashikaga Tadayoshi, Takauji's brother, against the Kō brothers, Moronao and Moroyasu. See also the article Nanboku-chō period. kanrei (管領) - a high political post (shōguns deputy) of the Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates. Originally called shitsuji. kenin (家人) – one of the lower castes under the ritsuryō system (see below). Also a direct vassal of the shōgun during the Kamakura period (see "gokenin" above). Kentō-shi (遣唐使) – mission to Tang China (唐) for importing the technologies and culture of China to Japan. Kenzui-shi (遣隋使) – mission to Sui China (隋) for importing the technologies and culture of China to Japan. koku (石) – an amount of rice equal to the amount one man eats in a year; used in feudal times as a measurement of income and of wealth. Koga kubō (古河公方) – title arbitrarily assumed by Ashikaga Shigeuji after his escape from Kamakura to the city of Koga, Ibaraki. kubō (公方) – shōgun. Title later also assumed by the Kantō kanrei, who became known as Kantō kubō. kugyō (公卿) – a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Kyōtoku Incident (享徳の乱, Kyōtoku no Ran) – a long series of skirmishes and conflicts fought for control of the Kantō region of Japan in the 15th century. L Later Hōjō clan (後北条氏) – also known as Odawara Hōjō clan. A powerful warrior clan of the Sengoku period, it had renamed itself after the original Hōjō clan from Kamakura (see above). M Meiji Restoration – The 1867 restoration of the Emperor to being the true ruler of the country, in practice as well as name, and the downfall of the last shogunate. Minamoto – the Minamoto clan defeated the rival Taira clan in 1185, establishing the first shogunate. N Nagaoka-kyō (長岡京) – the capital of Japan from 784 to 794 (after Nara, before Kyoto). O Ōnin War (応仁の乱, Ōnin no Ran) – a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477 during the Muromachi period. R rensho (連署) – "co-signatory", the rensho was the assistant to the regent of the Kamakura shogunate. ritsuryō (律令)