A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft. Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature, icing, turbulence) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures). This information is usually relayed by radio to the nearest ground station, but other options (e.g. electronic submission) also exist in some regions. The message would then be encoded and relayed to other weather offices and air traffic service units. Although the actual form used to record the PIREP may differ from one country to another, the standards and criteria will remain almost the same. At a minimum the PIREP must contain a header, aircraft location, time, flight level, aircraft type and one other field. In recent years, a PIREP will also include UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent. Included data Mandatory UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent (In Canada this is indicated by the prefix to the PIREP: "UACN01" for an urgent PIREP or "UACN10" for a normal PIREP) /OV location of the PIREP, in relation to a NAVAID, an aerodrome or geographical coordinates /TM time the PIREP was received from the pilot (UTC) /FL flight level or altitude above sea level at the time the PIREP is filed; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports /TP aircraft type; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports Optional (at least one is required) /SK sky cover /TA ambient temperature; important for icing reports /WV wind vector referenced in terms of true north (ICAO), or magnetic north (in the United States) /TB turbulence; intensity, whether it occurred in or near clouds, and duration /IC icing /RM remarks /WX flight visibility and weather AIREP Like PIREPs, Aircraft Reports (AIREP) are reports of actual weather conditions of an aircraft in flight. AIREPs are often automated reports, contrary to PIREPs. Likewise, a different encoding is used for either type. Body The message identifier "UA" is used when the PIREP contains non-hazardous weather information. If the PIREP contains a report of a tornado, funnel cloud, waterspout, severe turbulence, severe icing, hail, or a low-level wind shear hazard, the identifier "UUA" would be used. The location (/OV) can be reported in one of three ways: as a direction and distance from a navigation aid (NAVAID), as a direction and distance from an