address large-scale Irish immigration to New York, Boston, and other northern cities. They also ignore the degree to which the Southern planter class resembled the English gentry in lineage, religion, and social structure. Furthermore his work avoids mentioning or acknowledging the fact that the largest group of pre-Revolution immigrants to the Southern colonies were English indentured servants who vastly outnumbered the "Celtic" settlers both in numbers and in cultural influence. McWhiney taught at Troy State University, Millsaps College, the University of California, Berkeley, Northwestern University, the University of British Columbia, Wayne State University, the University of Alabama, Texas Christian University, The University of Southern Mississippi, and McMurry University. Over a 44-year career, he trained 19 history Ph.Ds. McWhiney founded the Grady McWhiney Research Foundation, located in Abilene, Texas. McWhiney was a former director of the League of the South, but he had broken with the group prior to his death. As historian C. David Dalton has pointed out, he was "Controversial. Unconventional. Influential. These are words easily applied to one of the South's most prominent scholars, Grady McWhiney. For over three decades his writings have been discussed and debated but never disregarded." References Grady McWhiney. Confederate Crackers and Cavaliers. Abilene, Tex.: McWhiney Foundation Press, c. 2002. Pp. 312. , collected essays Grady McWhiney. In Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South (1988). McDonald, Forrest and McWhiney, Grady. "The South from Self-sufficiency to Peonage: an Interpretation." American Historical Review 1980 85(5): 1095-1118. Fulltext: in Jstor and Ebsco. In the major statement of the Celtic Thesis, authors argue in the antebellum South, Celtic peoples found an ideal geopolitical niche to carry on their traditional pastoral lifestyle. This required little work in comparison with tilling the land, and thus Southerners have been thought of as lazy, though their way of life gave them a certain self-sufficiency. After the Civil War, Northerners colonized the South, bringing about substantial changes. Landlords discouraged tenants from raising foodstuffs for their own consumption, for this was unprofitable to the landlords. Furthermore the capacity of the tenants to produce and transport their stock was undermined. This was devastating to the herders, and reduced their status to little better than slaves. Commentary by other historians on pp. 1150–1166. McWhiney, Grady and McDonald, Forrest. "Celtic Origins of Southern Herding Practices" Journal of Southern History 1985 51(2): 165-182. Fulltext in JSTOR McWhiney, Grady. "Continuity in Celtic Warfare." Continuity 1981 (2): 1-18.