played Mr. Thornton and Rosalind Shanks played Margaret Hale. Tim Pigott-Smith, who played Mr. Hale in the 2004 adaptation, played Frederick (his son) in the 1975 version. In 2004 the BBC aired North & South, a four-episode serial with Daniela Denby-Ashe and Richard Armitage in the lead roles. Sandy Welch wrote the screenplay, and Brian Percival directed. Intended as a pastiche of Gaskell's work, the novel Nice Work by David Lodge, was published in 1988. A Sunday Express Book of the Year winner, it was adapted as a television series by the BBC in 1989. References Bibliography Burton, Anna (2018). "Remarks on Forest Scenery: North and South and the 'Picturesque'." The Gaskell Journal, vol. 32, pp. 37. ProQuest, www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/remarks-on-forest-scenery-north-south-picturesque/docview/2161250237/se-2. Clausson, Nils (2007). “Romancing Manchester: Class, Gender, and the Conflicting Genres of Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South.” The Gaskell Journal, vol. 21, pp. 1-20. Felber, Lynette (1988). “Gaskell’s Industrial Idylls: Ideology and Formal Incongruence in Mary Barton and North and South.” CLIO, vol. 1, pp. 55-72. Felber, Lynette (1988). “Gaskell’s Industrial Idylls: Ideology and Formal Incongruence in Mary Barton and North and South.” CLIO, vol. 1, pp. 55-72. </ref> Linker, Laura (2015). “Private Selves and Public Conflicts: Mastery and Gender Identity in Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South.” Gender Forum, no. 51. Angus Easson, Elizabeth Gaskell, Routledge, 1979, 278 p. () Arthur Pollard, Mrs. Gaskell: novelist and biographer, Manchester University Press ND, 1967, 268 p. Read excerpt online Janine Barchas (2008). "Mrs. Gaskell's North and South: Austen's early legacy". In Persuasions The Jane Austen Journal, Chicago, 30: 53–66. Rosemarie Bodenheimer (1979). "North and South: A Permanent State of Change". Nineteenth-Century Fiction 34 (3). Mary Kuhlman (1996). "Education Through Experience in North and South". The Gaskell Journal 10: 14–26. Read online Julie Nash, Servants and paternalism in the works of Maria Edgeworth and Elizabeth Gaskell, Ashgate Publishing, 2007, 130 p. () Read excerpt online H. I. Dutton, John Edward King, 'Ten per cent and no surrender': the Preston strike, 1853–1854, Cambridge University Press, 1981 () Jean-Pierre Navailles, La Famille ouvrière dans l'Angleterre victorienne: des regards aux mentalités, Editions Champ Vallon, 1983, 335 p. () External links North and South – complete book in HTML one page for each chapter. North and South free ebook in PDF, PDB and LIT formats in Mobipocket format North and South, the Musical – a new musical based on E. Gaskell's novel North and South 2004 (unofficial) Website