involving the capsule during the de-orbit and reentry. Soyuz 1 ended in disaster when the parachutes failed to deploy and the capsule smashed into the earth at speeds over , killing cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Soyuz 5 almost ended in disaster, when the reentry capsule entered the atmosphere nose first – attributed to a failure of the service module to separate similar to that on the Vostok 1 flight. Luckily, the service module was burned off and the capsule righted itself. Soyuz 11 ended in disaster in 1971 when an equalization valve, used to equalize air pressure during the Soyuz final descent, prematurely opened in the vacuum of space, killing the three crew members, who were not wearing spacesuits. Subsequent flights, from Soyuz 12 to Soyuz 40, utilized a two-man crew because the third seat had to be removed for the pressure suit controls. The Soyuz-T version restored the third seat. List of reentry capsules Flight-proven: KH-1 to KH-4 CORONA Vostok reentry module KH-5 Argon McDonnell Mercury capsule KH-6 Lanyard Zenit (Vostok-derived) KH-7 Gambit (Two capsules per launch) McDonnell Gemini capsule Voskhod reentry modules Apollo Command Module KH-8 Gambit 3 Soyuz reentry module Luna 16 KH-9 Hexagon (4 capsules per launch) Luna 20 Yantar Fanhui Shi Weixing Luna 24 VA TKS reentry capsule Orbital Re-entry Experiment Stardust Sample Return Capsule Genesis Sample Return Capsule Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator Shenzhou reentry module Space Capsule Recovery Experiment SpaceX Dragon Hayabusa Reentry Capsule Orion MPCV OSIRIS-REx return capsule SpaceX Dragon 2 Boeing CST-100 IXV (lifting body) Next-generation crewed spacecraft Chang'e 5's re-entry module In development: SpaceX Starship Gaganyaan Oryol/Orel Chang'e 6's re-entry capsule. Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) Earth Entry vehicle (Mars sample-return) Kavoshgar E References – Describes Soyuz-TMA descent. See also Orbital module Service module Space capsule Spacecraft components