belief in media bias is a media vs. media worldview. He used statistics to show that people see news content as neutral, fair, or biased based on its relation to news sources that report opposite views. Kim labeled this phenomenon HMP (hostile media perception). His results show that people are likely to process content in defensive ways based on the framing of this content in other media. Watchdogs and ranking groups AllSides assesses ideological biases of online sources to produce media bias charts, and presents similar stories from different perspectives. The Pew Research Center produced a guide to the political leanings of readers of several news outlets as part of a larger report on political polarization in the United States. Reporters Without Borders has said that the US media lost a great deal of freedom between the 2004 and 2006 indices, citing the Judith Miller case and similar cases and laws restricting the confidentiality of sources as the main factors. They also cite the fact that reporters who question the American-led so called war on terror are sometimes regarded as suspicious. They rank the US as 53rd out of 168 countries in freedom of the press, comparable to Japan and Uruguay, but below all but one European Union country (Poland) and below most OECD countries (those that accept democracy and free markets). In the 2008 ranking, the U.S. moved up to 36, between Taiwan and Macedonia, but still far below its ranking in the late 20th century as a world leader in having a free and unbiased press. The U.S. briefly recovered in 2009 and 2010, rising to 20th place, but declined again and has maintained a position in the mid-40s from 2013 to 2018. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) and Media Matters for America work from a progressive viewpoint, Accuracy in Media and Media Research Center are conservative. Groups such as FactCheck argue that the media frequently get the facts wrong because they rely on biased sources of information. That includes using information provided to them from both parties. See also Alternative media (U.S. political right) Alternative media (U.S. political left) Climate change controversy Fake news Allegations of bias at CNN Allegations of bias at Fox News Allegations of bias at MSNBC Political views of Sinclair Broadcast Group Conservatism in the United States Group attribution error History of American journalism Hostile media effect Liberalism in the United States