9, 1804, Chouteau hosted the new American commander of the Upper Louisiana during the transfer ceremonies for the Louisiana Purchase. For this, Chouteau was rewarded with a return to his monopoly on trade with the tribes by the United States. From 1806 to 1815, Chouteau continued leading family fur trade business, eventually negotiating part of the Treaties of Portage des Sioux in 1815 after the War of 1812. In 1816, Auguste Chouteau retired from his trading businesses. Still active in Indian issues in 1817, Chouteau served as a U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs with William Clark in the first U.S. treaty with the Ponca tribe. Family and death For more information on the Chouteau family and places named for the Chouteau family, see Chouteau. Auguste Chouteau kept his residence in St. Louis area, although he had numerous lengthy trading journeys up the Missouri to his outer posts and to trade with Native Americans, mostly Osage. In the 1760s and early 1770s, Chouteau likely fathered two enslaved Native American children, whose mothers were owned by his mother. The enslaved Native American mothers, Therese and Manon, gave birth to sons Jean-Baptiste and Alexis. In the 1760s and 1770s, he took at least one wife among the Osage, a standard practice among furtraders. In the 1780s, Chouteau also had some type of long-term affair with enslaved Native American woman, Marie. Marie was the enslaved women of Lieutenant Governor Francisco Cruzat. The relationship between Marie and Chouteau bore two children, a son Auguste and a daughter Victoire. Chouteau's children by Native American women were likely emancipated and worked in their father's extended fur-trade enterprise. Chouteau married Marie Therese, the daughter of Jean-Gabriel Cerré, on September 21, 1786, at the Basilica of St. Louis, King of France (then a vertical-log church, not the current church on the site). The marriage united members of the two leading St. Louis families; it also appears to have been a happy one. They were renowned for their hospitality, which helped strengthen his political position in the city and region. Chouteau died February 24, 1829. His remains were interred first at the burial grounds near the Basilica of St. Louis, but were reinterred at Calvary Cemetery. After his death, 22 of his 36 slaves were sold at probate, providing $10,838.88 in proceeds, half of which was provided to his wife, with the other half being divided equally among their seven