Exoticism may take the form of primitivism, ethnocentrism, or humanism. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. The revival of ancient Greek and Roman art left behind the Academy's emphasis on naturalism and incorporated an idealism not seen since the Renaissance. As classicism progressed, Ingres identified a newfound idealism and exoticism in his work. Grand Odalisque, finished in 1814, was created to arouse the male view. The notion of the exotic figure furthers Ingres' use of symmetry and line by enabling the eye to move cohesively across the canvas. Although Ingres' intention was to make the woman beautiful in his work, his model was a courtesan, which aroused debate. Édouard Manet's Olympia, finished in 1863, was based on Titian's Venus of Urbino. Olympia was a popular play about a courtesan of that name. The painting diverged scandalously from the accepted academic style by outlining the figure and flattening space to draw the viewer in: Olympia seems provocatively naked rather than classically nude. Looking out boldly, she puts the viewer in the position of a man coming to a prostitute, although the placement of her hand suggests coyness. See also Chinoiserie Escapism Objectification Orientalism Other (philosophy) Xenocentrism World music Outsider art Romantic racism Racial fetishism Primitivism Noble savage Cultural appropriation Notes References George Rousseau and Roy Porter (1990). Exoticism in the Enlightenment (Manchester: Manchester University Press). The Smart Set: Alden Jones on Teaching Exoticism on Semester at Sea Segalen, Victor. Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. Trans. Yaël Rachel Schlick. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. External links Judy Sund, "Exotic – a Fetish for the Foreign", GDC interiors Journal Exoticism in Decorative Arts Exoticism in Tang Exoticism in the Literature of 1930s Art movements Cultural appropriation