The Hindu rate of growth is a term used by advocates of liberalisation referring to the lower annual growth rate of the economy of India before the economic reforms of 1991, which stagnated around 3.5% from 1950s to 1980s, while per capita income growth averaged around 1.3%.The Indian economy of this period is characterised as Dirigism. The usage of the term has been criticized by modern neoliberal economists as they believe that the cause of the low growth rate was the failed dirigist model and economic mismanagement. The term contrasts with South Korea's Miracle on the Han River and the Taiwan Miracle. While these Asian Tigers had similar income level as India in the 1950s, exponential economic growth since then has transformed them into developed countries today. Though it can be argued that there are many complex factors that contribute to a country's economic performance. It is especially difficult to compare the economic growth of countries with very different histories, cultures, and economic structures, such as India and South Korea or Taiwan. The US provided significant amounts of aid to countries in Asia, including South Korea and Taiwan, as part of its efforts to counter Soviet influence during the Cold War. India, on the other hand, was a leader in the non-aligned movement and sought to maintain a neutral stance during the Cold War. As a result, it did not receive the same level of aid from the US and other Western countries as countries that were more closely aligned with the West. The economy of India accelerated and has grown at a rate of around 3–9% since economic liberalisation began in the 1990s with the exception of 2020. GDP growth rate has however slowed since 2016. The word "Hindu" in the term was used by some early economists like Vikas Mishra to imply that the Hindu outlook of fatalism and contentedness was responsible for the slow growth. Later liberal economists reject this connection and instead attribute the rate to the Indian government's protectionist and interventionist policies, rather than to a specific religion or to the attitude of the adherents of a particular religion. Accordingly, some neoliberal writers instead use the term "Nehruvian rate of growth". Term The term was coined by Indian economist Raj Krishna. It suggests that the low growth rate of India, a country with mostly Hindu population was in a sharp contrast to high growth rates