topological embedding, quotient map) then so is every . Problem with direct limits Direct limits in the categories of topological spaces, topological vector spaces (TVSs), and Hausdorff locally convex TVSs are "poorly behaved". For instance, the direct limit of a sequence (i.e. indexed by the natural numbers) of locally convex nuclear Fréchet spaces may to be Hausdorff (in which case the direct limit does not exist in the category of Hausdorff TVSs). For this reason, only certain "well-behaved" direct systems are usually studied in functional analysis. Such systems include LF-spaces. However, non-Hausdorff locally convex inductive limits do occur in natural questions of analysis. Strict inductive limit If each of the bonding maps is an embedding of TVSs onto proper vector subspaces and if the system is directed by with its natural ordering, then the resulting limit is called a strict (countable) direct limit. In such a situation we may assume without loss of generality that each is a vector subspace of and that the subspace topology induced on by is identical to the original topology on . In the category of locally convex topological vector spaces, the topology on a strict inductive limit of Fréchet spaces can be described by specifying that an absolutely convex subset is a neighborhood of if and only if is an absolutely convex neighborhood of in for every . Properties An inductive limit in the category of locally convex TVSs of a family of bornological (resp. barrelled, quasi-barrelled) spaces has this same property. LF-spaces Every LF-space is a meager subset of itself. The strict inductive limit of a sequence of complete locally convex spaces (such as Fréchet spaces) is necessarily complete. In particular, every LF-space is complete. Every LF-space is barrelled and bornological, which together with completeness implies that every LF-space is ultrabornological. An LF-space that is the inductive limit of a countable sequence of separable spaces is separable. LF spaces are distinguished and their strong duals are bornological and barrelled (a result due to Alexander Grothendieck). If is the strict inductive limit of an increasing sequence of Fréchet space then a subset of is bounded in if and only if there exists some such that is a bounded subset of . A linear map from an LF-space into another TVS is continuous if and only if it is sequentially continuous. A linear map from an LF-space into a Fréchet space is continuous if and