debates, and counted the votes in the Provincial Assembly. When it was not in session, he was a permanent member of the college of deputed councilors who carried on the administration. He was the minister of justice and finance. All correspondence passed through his hands, and he was the head and the spokesman of the delegation, who represented the province in the States General. The conduct of foreign affairs, in particular, was entrusted almost entirely to him. Further reading Robert Fruin, Geschiedenis der Staats-Instellingen in Nederland, The Hague, 1901 G. W. Vreede, Inleiding tot eene Gesch. der Nederlandsche Diplomatie (Utrecht, 1858). (G. E.) References See also Grand Pensionary List of Grand Pensionaries Early Modern Netherlands Political history of the Netherlands Positions of subnational authority