also Application posture Automation surprise Error message GUI Human computer interaction Interaction design Modal window Modalities and modes State (computer science) Text mode Notes References External links Modelessness in UsabilityFirst glossary Modelessness in Apple's HIG guidelines Definition of mode error at Usability First An Example of a mode error in Excel John Rushby. Using Model Checking to Help Discover Mode Confusions and Other Automation Surprises. A paper discussing an automatic method for locating mode errors. Jakob Nielsen on Spring-loaded modes Human–computer interaction User interface techniques User interfaces Graphical user interface elements