officially defined as land over 600 metres, so most fall in Northern England. Some hill and mountain chains in England are: Lake District (Cumbrian Mountains) – the highest mountains in England, containing Scafell Pike. Cheviot Hills – sometimes considered as an extension of either the Southern Uplands in Scotland or the Pennines. Border Moors and Forests – uplands to the south of the Cheviot Hills. The Pennines which characterise much of Northern England and are often dubbed "the backbone of England". The Peak District – uplands forming the southern end of the Pennines in central and northern England. South Pennines - area of the southern Pennines between the Peak District, Forest of Bowland and Yorkshire Dales. Forest of Bowland - a western spur of the Pennines in Lancashire. Yorkshire Dales – an upland area of the northern Pennines. North Pennines - uplands forming the northern end of the Pennines. Howgill Fells - uplands in Cumbria between the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales. Orton Fells - uplands in Cumbria between the Lake District and Eden Valley. North York Moors – an area of hills and moorlands beside the North Sea. Exmoor – uplands beside the Bristol Channel. Dartmoor – an area of uplands in the heart of Devon. The Cotswolds – a quintessentially and stereotypical English rural area. Chilterns – a collection of low hills. South Downs – low hills close to the English Channel which form the white cliffs of the English South Coast. Shropshire Hills – uplands near Wales. Cities Cities with the highest urban elevation include Sheffield, Bradford, Stoke-on-Trent and Birmingham. Low-lying cities near sea level include London, Liverpool, Norwich and York. Islands The main English islands by area and population are: English islands by population Rivers The longest river in England is the River Severn which has its source in Wales, enters England at its confluence with the River Vyrnwy and flows into the Bristol Channel. The longest river entirely within England is the River Thames which flows through the English and British capital, London. The Vale of York and The Fens host many of England's larger rivers. Coastline England has of coastline, much less than the deeply indented Scottish coastline. The English coastline varies a great deal by the seas and regions it borders. The North Sea coast of England is mainly flat and sandy with many dunes and is similar to coastlines across the sea