a municipality (usually based on population). The Constitution of 1917 abolished the jefatura política ("political authority"), the intermediate administrative authority between the states and converted all existing municipalities into municipios libres ("free municipalities"), that is, gave them full autonomy to manage local affairs, while at the same time restricting the scope of their competencies. However, in 1983 the 115th article was modified to expand the municipalities' authority to raise revenue (through property taxes and other local services) and to formulate budgets. The first city council in Mexico was established by Hernán Cortés in 1519 in Veracruz; it was also the first in the American mainland. The newest municipalities in Mexico are Honduras de la Sierra, incorporated on July 15, 2018; Coatetelco, Hueyapan and Xoxocotla, created on January 1, 2019; San Quintín, established on February 27, 2020; and Seybaplaya and Dzitbalché, gazetted on January 1, 2021. Ranking of municipalities By population Data from the 2020 Mexican National Census. By area Data from the 2020 Mexican National Census. By location Northernmost: Mexicali, Baja California () Southernmost: Suchiate, Chiapas () Westernmost: Ensenada, Baja California () Easternmost: Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo () Geographical center: Villa de Cos, Zacatecas () Highest: Tlachichuca, Puebla and Calcahualco, Veracruz (5,636 m, Citlaltépetl volcano). Lowest: Mexicali, Baja California (-12 m, Laguna Salada). See also Settlement classification in Mexico Boroughs of Mexico References External links Mexican government structure History of the Mexican constitution Mexico Portal de Información Municipal Local government in Mexico Subdivisions of Mexico Mexico 2 Municipalities, Mexico Urban planning in Mexico