school. In 1954 Benjamin Fincke resigned. John A. Lindlof, student at Pawling and teacher at Bristol, became Co-Director. In the mid-1950s, “Negro children had reached 14%;” children of Asian descent had reached 8%. In 1956, overt external attacks on school began, including fire hazard inspections: “Local political manipulations are suspected because housing projects have recently surrounded the school and certain residents may object to the interracial status of the school, or local promoters may see the value of the school property.…” In 1957/58, the school was closed following denial of license renewal for 1958 by the State Board of Private Academic Schools, Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction. Subsequently, school records were destroyed. The Board inspector ”has singled this school out for complaint over a long period of time, and there is every reason to believe that she is prejudiced against an integrated school, and against its director….” William Mann Fincke died on January 4, 1968, in Stonington, Connecticut. He had been teaching remedial reading in the area since 1963. Notable students Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn (February 4, 1876 – April 4, 1959) was an educator, author, social reformer, poet Frank Conroy, author (Stop-Time: A Memoir, 1967) John Herald, American folk and bluegrass musician Madeline Kahn, actress/comedian ("She told me that every artistic bone in her body was born at Manumit"–Sue Simmons) Lee Marvin, actor Susan Oliver, actress, director, aviator (portrayed "Vina," Orion slave girl Star Trek: The Original Series pilot) Sources Scott Walter, “Labor's Demonstration School: The Manumit School for Workers' Children, 1924-1932,” 1998. typescript, 26 pp. (ERIC: ED473025) History of Manumit by Scott Walter Manumit School Archive, New York University, Tamiment Library Manumit School website Revision of site has eliminated some of the quoted material. Much of Wikipedia posting by Mike Speer, former Manumit student, 1945-49. See also Henry Linville References 1958 disestablishments in Pennsylvania Boarding schools in New York (state) Boarding schools in Pennsylvania Education in Bucks County, Pennsylvania Defunct schools in New York (state) Defunct schools in Pennsylvania Educational institutions established in 1924 Schools in Dutchess County, New York 1924 establishments in New York (state) 1944 establishments in Pennsylvania Educational institutions disestablished in 1958