in the wild. Rolston has argued that a rights approach to sentient life is ill-suited to ecosystems and when a moral agent is faced with suffering in an ecosystem there is no duty to intervene. In 1991, Rolston stated: Rolston has also argued that "environmental ethics accepts predation as good in wild nature", Rolston says that wild predation should be respected because it has great importance for larger ecosystem and evolutionary processes. For example, predators eliminate weak and unfit individuals from populations of prey organisms contributing to the overall integrity of those species and culling of unfit organisms by predators is vital to the evolutionary process of natural selection, which Rolston believes trends towards more complex and diverse life forms. Rolston has stated that predation is an integral part of nature which "yields a flourishing of species" and has contributed to some of the most significant achievements in natural history and that without predation, life on earth would be greatly impoverished. Rolston has argued that when humans encounter wild nature they are not under any duty or obligation to alleviate any wild animal suffering and that since animals in the wild have no claim to a pleasant life free of pain then humans have no moral duty to provide them with one. Rolston says that this also holds true for domesticated animals because although they have been brought under the care of humans, their origins are from wild nature so the comparison class for assessing conduct towards them should not be from humans but from other animals. In Rolston's view domesticated animals like wild animals "have no right or welfare claim to have from humans a kinder treatment than in nonhuman nature". Bibliography Holmes Rolston III is author of eight books that have won acclaim in both academic journals and the mainstream press. They are: A New Environmental Ethics: The Next Millennium for Life on Earth (Routledge, 2012) Three Big Bangs: Matter-Energy, Life, Mind (Columbia University Press, 2011) Genes, Genesis and God (Cambridge University Press, 1999) Gifford Lectures Science and Religion: A Critical Survey (Random House 1987, McGraw Hill, Harcourt Brace; new edition, Templeton Foundation Press, 2006) Philosophy Gone Wild (Prometheus Books, 1986, 1989) Environmental Ethics (Temple University Press, 1988) Conserving Natural Value (Columbia University Press, 1994) Religious Inquiry: Participation and Detachment (Philosophical Library, 1985) John Calvin Versus the Westminster Confession (Richmond, VA: John Knox Press, 1972) "Care on Earth: