syrups or slices of lemon in the US and Germany. Sugar adjuncts Sugar adjuncts provide only carbohydrates and if used at high levels will result in wort lacking in amino acids and this may lead to poor yeast growth causing tailing fermentations and poor yeast crops. Primings sugars such as maple syrup, honey, and molasses are common in craft beers and homebrew. Candi sugar is a common ingredient in strong Belgian ales, where it increases the beer's strength while keeping the body fairly light; dark varieties of candi sugar also affect the colour and flavour of the beer. Caramel syrup is used to provide colour to brews and can either be added in the wort kettle or at filtration when needed to correct low beer colours. This caramel is not sweet and provides little or no fermentable extract. Grain syrups (primarily corn syrup in North America) may be made from maize, wheat, rice or sorghum and are normally added in the wort kettle during the boil. The carbohydrate profile of these syrups may be tailored to suit the brewers' requirements and normally have a fermentability of between 70 and 100%. Typically these syrups are 74 to 80% w/w extract. Honey is a primary fermentable in mead, and can be used for flavour (though also supplying some fermentable sugar) in beer. Sucrose may come from sugar-cane or from sugar-beet. Flavourings A number of traditional beer styles are brewed with spices. For example, Belgian witbier is brewed with coriander, Finnish sahti is brewed with juniper berries, and traditional beers in Britain are brewed with honey and spices. Also, some strong winter beers are flavoured with nutmeg or cinnamon, while ginger is a popular flavouring for a range of beers. Many commercially available pumpkin ales are made with pumpkin pie spices without any actual pumpkin. Spices may be added to the wort during the boil or spices or spice extract may be added at any time during fermentation depending on desired results. Spices used in brewing include: Allspice Anise Cinnamon Clove Coriander Ginger Hot pepper Juniper berries or boughs Licorice Nutmeg Orange or Lemon peel Spruce needles or twigs (see spruce beer) Wormwood Yarrow Other, less common flavourings include chocolate, coffee, milk, chili peppers and even oysters. Fruit or vegetable Beer may be brewed with a fruit or vegetable adjunct or flavouring. Fruit flavouring and adjuncts Fruits have been used as a beer