the right breast of the kurta. After 1900, subedars wore two pips on each shoulder. A red-yellow-red ribbon was introduced under each pip after World War I. After World War II, this ribbon was moved to lie between the shoulder title and the rank insignia (two brass stars on both shoulders). During the period of British rule, subedars and other VCOs wore distinctive uniforms that combined features of both British and Indian military dress. After Independence After independence, which came in 1947 with the Partition of India, the former Indian Army was divided between India and Pakistan. Indian Army In the Indian Army the rank has been promoted to second senior-most JCO with ribbon band on the shoulder strap two gold stars with a gold-red-gold stripe below. The Junior Commissioned Officers of the Indian Army is equivalent to Group-B Gazetted Officers in India. Pakistan Army In the Pakistan Army, the rank has been retained as a senior JCO, but the distinguishing ribbon band on the shoulder strap is now red-green-red. References External links www.Bharat-Rakshak.com/Army/Ranks.html - Illustration of various military insignias including three subedar insignia designs. Hindi words and phrases Military ranks of British India Pakistan Army ranks Military ranks of the Indian Army