1935), the Sanacja camp was divided into two factions: those gathered around President Ignacy Mościcki, and the followers of Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz. In August 1935, Mościcki agreed with Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski that changes must be made in the government of Walery Sławek. Kwiatkowski entered the cabinet, while Zyndram-Kościałkowski was appointed to the post of Prime Minister. On 13 October 1935 Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was nominated to the post of Prime Minister of Poland. His government excluded the so-called Piłsudski's colonels, which was supported by the public opinion. Due to the economical difficulties of the mid-1930s, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, who was Minister of Industry and Trade, played a key role in the government. In December 1935, amnesty of political prisoners was declared, but Zyndram-Kościałkowski decided not to close the Bereza Kartuska prison. In the spring of 1936, Socialist and Communist organizations initiated a series of anti-government demonstrations. Strikes and protests took place all over the country: on 20–25 March a sit-down strike took place at the Semperit Plant in Kraków. The protest was broken by the riot police, with several people killed or injured. In Lwów, the police killed 9 people, wounding over 200. These social disturbances undermined the position of Zyndram-Kościałkowski and his cabinet. On 15 May 1936 President Mościcki demoted Zyndram-Kościałkowski, replacing him with Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski. Zyndram-Kościałkowski was appointed Minister of Labour in the new government, remaining in post until 30 September 1939. Exile and death After the Invasion of Poland, Zyndram-Kościałkowski was interned in Romania. He then moved to France and Great Britain. New Prime Minister in Exile, General Władysław Sikorski sent him to a camp for political opponents, on the Isle of Bute in Scotland. His new partner, actress Maria Balcerkiewicz, was interned with him. They later married. Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski died on 12 April 1946 in Brookwood, Surrey. Military ranks Lieutenant – 2 XII 1918 Captain – 1 XII 1919 Major – 1924 Subcolonel – 14 XII 1931 Honors and awards Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (1921), Commander Cross of the Polonia Restituta (1931) Cross of Independence with Swords, Cross of Valour (Poland), four times, Cross of Merit of Central Lithuania’s Armed Forces, Officer of the Legion of Honour, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of the Cross of the Eagle, First Class. External links 1892 births 1946 deaths People from Rokiškis District Municipality People from Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd 20th-century Polish nobility Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" politicians Nonpartisan Bloc