The 1901 census of Canada records 843 people living in the Ungava district. However, one census taker of the time notes that for the Ungava trading post of Great Whale River, there was extreme difficulty in making an accurate count of the area's population, due to the nomadic nature of its residents, as well as their extreme isolation. The official 1901 census count for Great Whale River numbers 216, but the census taker notes of this figure: "I should say it does not represent one-third of the Eskimos, but I am sending on as many (names) as I could obtain." A similar case could be made for the 1901 census figures for Ungava as a whole, giving the district an effective population of upwards of 3,000. The 1911 Census of Canada enumerated only two population centres in Ungava: Nitchequon, which had a population of 62, and Charlton Island, the southernmost of the offshore islands in James Bay, which had a population of 27. No other parts of Ungava were listed in the 1911 census records, although it is reasonable to assume an overall 1911 population similar to 1901. The Ungava district was largely inhabited by the aboriginal Cree, Innu (called "Montagnais" by French people), Naskapi, and Inuit. The northernmost inhabited area of the district, Akpatok Island in Ungava Bay, was infamous for its widespread cannibalism, which ended around 1900 as the inhabitants moved to the mainland. Post-district history In 1927, the long-standing dispute over the location of the boundary between Labrador and the former District of Ungava (by then part of Quebec) was taken to the arbitration of the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which ruled in favour of Newfoundland. This means that Ungava's former continental territory is now split between Quebec and the modern-day province of Newfoundland and Labrador, with the Quebec portion falling within the administrative regions of Nord-du-Québec and Côte-Nord. The offshore islands of the former District of Ungava remained part of the Northwest Territories until the creation of Nunavut in 1999. The name "Ungava" was revived as a political district with the creation of the provincial riding of Ungava in 1981. This Quebec riding has similar (though not exactly identical) boundaries with the original 1895 Ungava district—notably, it does not extend into Labrador, nor into the offshore islands that are now part of Nunavut. See also History of Canada Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914) Canada in