The longest word in any given language depends on the word formation rules of each specific language, and on the types of words allowed for consideration. Agglutinative languages allow for the creation of long words via compounding. Words consisting of hundreds, or even thousands of characters have been coined. Even non-agglutinative languages may allow word formation of theoretically limitless length in certain contexts. An example common to many languages is the term for a very remote ancestor, "great-great-.....-grandfather", where the prefix "great-" may be repeated any number of times. The examples of "longest words" within the "Agglutinative languages" section may be nowhere near close to the longest possible word in said language, but is instead a popular example of a text-heavy word. Systematic names of chemical compounds can run to hundreds of thousands of characters in length. The rules of creation of such names are commonly defined by international bodies, therefore they formally belong to many languages. The longest recognized systematic name is for the protein titin, at 189,819 letters. While lexicographers regard generic names of chemical compounds as verbal formulae rather than words, for its sheer length the systematic name for titin is often included in longest-word lists. Longest word candidates may be judged by their acceptance in major dictionaries such as the Oxford English Dictionary or in record-keeping publications like Guinness World Records, and by the frequency of their use in ordinary language. Agglutinative languages Basque The longest Basque toponym is (40) which means "The lower field of the sheepfold (located in) the hight of Azpilicueta". Esperanto Since Esperanto allows word compounding, there are no limits on how long a word can theoretically become. An example is the 39-letter , meaning "Orange County gun control activist hater". Such clusters are not considered good style (the 8-word alternative is more standard), but they are permissible under the rules of Esperanto grammar. Hyphens are optional in Esperanto compounds, so is also technically a valid spelling. The longest Esperanto roots officially recognized by the Akademio de Esperanto are 13 letters long, shown here with the added substantive "-o" ending: (administration), (autobiography), (discrimination), (conservatory), (palaeontology), (parallelogram), and (trigonometry). The longest word found in the dictionary Plena Ilustrita Vortaro as of its 2020 edition is the 24-letter proper noun (the German state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), followed by the 21-letter word (rations administration). As of March 2022 the longest word found in the Tekstaro de Esperanto