Dukla is a town and an eponymous municipality in southeastern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,017. The total area of the commune is . Dukla belongs to Lesser Poland, and until the Partitions of Poland it was part of Biecz County, Kraków Voivodeship. Location The town lies on the Jasiołka river, at the foot of the Cergowa mountain (716 meters above sea level), in the Low Beskids. Dukla is located south of Krosno, along European route E371, which goes from Radom to Presov. The Dukla mountain pass is located in the Carpathians, a few kilometers south of the town, on the border with Slovakia and was a scene of a major battle in 1944. History First Slavic settlers appeared in the area of Dukla probably in the 5th or 6th century. It is not known which tribe settled here, and most probably, Dukla belonged for some time to Great Moravia, although it is not documented. Some time in the 10th century, Dukla was annexed by the early Polish state, ruled by the Polans. In the nearby village of Wietrzno there was a defensive gord, whose traces can still be seen. Dukla has belonged to several noble families, such as the Cikowski, Ossoliński, Potocki, Mniszech, Stadnicki, Męciński, and Tarnowski families. The village of Dukla was first mentioned in documents from 1336 as part of the lands gifted to Janusz Suchywilk by his relatives. In 1373, Dukla received Magdeburg rights charter, and the town was part of Kraków Voivodeship. In 1474, the town was destroyed in a raid of Hungarian army of King Matthias Corvinus. In 1540, Dukla was purchased by Jan Jordan of Zakliczyn (Trąby coat of arms). The new owner expanded the Dukla Castle, and received from King Sigismund I the Old a privilege, allowing him to organize two fairs a year. Dukla remained in the hands of the Jordan family until 1600, and in 1595, King Sigismund III established here a customs office. In 1601, the town was sold to Andrzej Męciński, who died in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618). In 1636, Dukla was sold to Franciszek Bernard Mniszech, the brother of Tsaritsa of All Russia, Marina Mniszech. In the early 17th century, Dukla emerged as an important center of commerce, located on a trade route joining Poland with Hungary. The town had a defensive wall with two towers, and