can fix nitrogen after nodulating with a range of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium strains. It also has associations with both ecto- and endo-mycorrhizal fungi. Ornamental: It is used for shade and ornamental purposes in cities where its hardiness, dense foliage and bright yellow flowers are positive attributes. Intercropping: The effect of intercropping with annual crops varies. Increased tree growth has been found with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), upland rice and groundnut in Thailand; reduced growth with maize in Cameroon. Pests and diseases In Indonesia, growth rate has been impaired by a rust fungus, Uromyces digitatus; in India, root rot caused by a fungus (Ganoderma lucidum) has been reported. A beetle (Sinoxylon spp.) can girdle young stems and branches, causing them to break. The insect is of concern, because the tree will develop multiple leaders if the main stem is damaged and the length of the bole will be reduced. Nambiar and Harwood 2014 find severe disease losses in plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia. This is serious enough to require resistance breeding be a high priority in Acacia breeding. References External links Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): Acacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, US Forest Service. Acacia auriculiformis. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. auriculiformis Fabales of Australia Trees of Australia Trees of Papua New Guinea Flora of Western New Guinea Flora of the Northern Territory Flora of Queensland Medicinal plants of Australia Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist)