eye , depicting the sun disappearing into the grass, originally written as enclosing (later written ) Many characters formerly classed as compound ideographs are now believed to have been mistakenly identified. For example, Xu Shen's example , representing the word xìn < *snjins "truthful", is now usually considered a phono-semantic compound, with < *njin as phonetic and as signific. In many cases, reduction of a character has obscured its original phono-semantic nature. For example, the character is often presented as a compound of and . However this form is probably a simplification of an attested alternative form , which can be viewed as a phono-semantic compound. Peter Boodberg and William Boltz have argued that no ancient characters were compound ideographs. Boltz accounts for the remaining cases by suggesting that some characters could represent multiple unrelated words with different pronunciations, as in Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the compound characters are actually phono-semantic compounds based on an alternative reading that has since been lost. For example, the character < *ʔan "peace" is often cited as a compound of and . Boltz speculates that the character could represent both the word nǚ < *nrjaʔ "woman" and the word ān < *ʔan "settled", and that the roof signific was later added to disambiguate the latter usage. In support of this second reading, he points to other characters with the same component that had similar Old Chinese pronunciations: < "tranquil", < "to quarrel" and < *kran "licentious". Other scholars reject these arguments for alternative readings and consider other explanations of the data more likely, for example viewing as a reduced form of , which can be analysed as a phono-semantic compound with as phonetic. They consider the characters and to be implausible phonetic compounds, both because the proposed phonetic and semantic elements are identical and because the widely differing initial consonants *ʔ- and *n- would not normally be accepted in a phonetic compound. Notably, Christopher Button has shown how more sophisticated palaeographical and phonological analyses can account for Boodberg's and Boltz's proposed examples without relying on polyphony. While compound ideographs are a limited source of Chinese characters, they form many of the kokuji created in Japan to represent native words. Examples include: hatara(ku) "to work", formed from person and move tōge "mountain pass", formed from mountain, up and down As Japanese creations, such characters had no Chinese or Sino-Japanese readings, but a few