with rejoicing among Lithuanians, a whole generation was raised in the belief that Lithuania cannot be truly itself without the city of Vilnius, so recent events were commonly perceived as an act of historical justice. The elites were far more concerned, for many the price Lithuania paid to the Soviet Union for Vilnius was far too high, also they were aware of the demographic situation in Vilnius, and that Lithuanian rule in the city could face fierce resistance. Initially, the first encounter with the Lithuanian army and officials was calm and without any disturbance. Although the Polish bishop of Vilnius Romuald Jałbrzykowski refused to ring the bells of the city's churches. But on the very next day October 29, clashes between the Polish population, mostly students, and Lithuanian police erupted, after the Lithuanians hoisted their flag above Gediminas Tower. After the Lithuanian army entered the town, at the end of October 1939, the demoralized Polish local population started a four-day-long anti-Jewish pogrom, in which one person lost their life and some 200 were wounded.), the Jewish community asked nearby Russian military units for intervention. The violence only stopped after a group of 35 Soviet tanks briefly re-entered the city and put an end to the pogrom. This prevented further pogroms, that were expected on the 10th–11 November, a traditional day of anti-Jewish disturbances in the city. The Lithuanian authorities started a campaign of de-Polonization of the city, similar policies also targeted the Jews. Immediately upon entering the city, the Lithuanian authorities abolished the use of Polish złoty and ordered the currency to be converted to Lithuanian litas, with a 250% devaluation. Soon other discriminatory policies followed. During the several months-long period of retaking of Lithuanian capital, which Poles considered a Lithuanian occupation, roughly 50,000 Lithuanians (mostly officials of state ministries and their family members) came to the city. One of the decisions made by Lithuanian authorities in this period was the closure and liquidation of the Stefan Batory University on 15 December 1939. The same decision was taken in the case of Society of Friends of Science (est. 1907), which had been permitted to function even under the oppressive Tsarist Russia rule and other Polish scientific institutions. In the process of Lithuanization Polish-language books were removed from stores and Polish street names were replaced with new ones in Lithuanian. Polish offices, schools, charitable social and cultural organizations, stores and businesses