alpha, but also a high beta, investors might not find that acceptable, because of the chance they might have to withdraw their money when the investment is doing poorly. These concepts not only apply to investment managers, but to any kind of investment. References Further reading Bruce J. Feibel. Investment Performance Measurement. New York: Wiley, 2003. External links International Association of CPAs, Attorneys, and Management (IACAM) (Free Business Valuation E-Book Guidebook) The financial-dictionary entry on alpha Investopedia Alpha Definition Five Technical Risk Ratios Alpha analysis for global equities Free alpha look-up Traders Magazine Seeking Alpha - New York hedge fund creates value trading index options Finance theories Financial ratios Investment indicators Mathematical finance