(within one formal sovereignty), and partition (creating separate political entities). Lijphart had argued strongly in favour of the consociational model. Turkey Turkey has been described as an ethnocracy by Bilge Azgın. Azgın points to government policies whose goals are the "exclusion, marginalization, or assimilation" of minority groups that are non-Turkish as the defining elements of Turkish ethnocracy. Israeli researcher As'ad Ghanem also considers Turkey an ethnocracy, while Jack Fong describes Turkey's policy of referring to its Kurdish minority as "mountain Turks" and its refusal to acknowledge any separate Kurdish identity as elements of the Turkish ethnocracy. Uganda Uganda under dictator Idi Amin Dada has also been described as an ethnocracy favouring certain indigenous groups over others, as well as for the ethnic cleansing of Indians in Uganda by Amin. See also Dominant minority Ethnic nationalism Herrenvolk democracy Human rights in Estonia Ketuanan Melayu Nationalism South Africa under apartheid Superstratum White separatism White nationalism References Rule by a subset of population Ethnic conflict Ethnicity in politics Politics and race Ethnic nationalism Ethnic supremacy Minority rights