agreement challenged the "Rules on Containers" that were negotiated and agreed to by management and labor as a means of preserving jobs. The National Labor Relations Board originally upheld the challenge, only to be reversed by the United States Supreme Court in two cases in the 1980s that found that the rules were lawful and did not violate federal labor law. However, the Federal Trade Commission later found that the Rules were an impermissible restraint on trade. Governmental oversight In 1953 the states of New York and New Jersey entered into an interstate compact, with Congressional approval, that established a Waterfront Commission responsible for regulating the ILA by preventing individuals with a criminal record from holding positions within it. The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, passed in 1959, imposed similar restrictions on all private sector unions. Political activities The ILA conducted boycotts aimed at trade with the Soviet Union during periods of crisis, such as the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Supreme Court ruled in two companion cases in the 1980s that the union's boycott could not be enjoined under the Norris-LaGuardia Act, but that it was an unlawful secondary boycott that could be outlawed on that basis under the Taft-Hartley Act. Presidents 1892: Daniel Keefe 1909: T. V. O'Connor 1921: Anthony Chlopek 1927: Joseph P. Ryan 1953: William Bradley 1963: Teddy Gleason 1987: John Bowers 2007: Richard Hughes 2011: Harold J. Daggett See also Anthony Anastasio Anthony "Sonny" Ciccone Danny Greene New York City tugboat strike of 1946 Paul Kelly (early twentieth-century gangster active in 1919 strike) Pete Panto Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) Anthony Scotto (politically connected captain in the Gambino crime family for more than a decade who was also a key officer in the ILA) On the Waterfront (film set in Hoboken, New Jersey in the early 1950s) Longshoremen v. Allied Int'l, Inc. 1982 US Supreme Court case which held the ILA's boycott of handling Soviet cargo was an unfair labor practice References Further reading Kimeldorf, Howard, Reds or Rackets, The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront, Ronald Magden Papers. 1879-2003. 28.27 cubic feet (34 boxes). At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Contains materials collected by Ronald Magden on the International Longshoremen’s Association. External links History of the 1948 Strike by Colin J. Davis History of the Great Lakes ILA Article reviewing history of efforts