, > (still spelled <ie> and <oe>) Class 1 This class is well preserved and has the most strong verbs. Not only has it preserved many strong verbs inherited from the proto language, it was also able to expand by introducing the strong inflection to a large number of weak verbs by analogy. Sound changes caused the historical ‘ai’ and ‘i’ in open syllables, to merge as a long ‘e’ essentially merging parts 2,3,4. Regular class 1 pattern (ɛi-e:-e:-e:): Inherited strong roots: , , , , , , , , , , , (can also be a weak verb), ("to cry"), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Historically weak: (influenced by lijden), , , , , , , (Flemish), (also weak), , . Two verbs with 'ei' have also joined this class by analogy, as 'ij' and 'ei' are pronounced the same: , . Non-standard, archaic or dialectal strong verbs: (strong verb forms are archaic), (strong forms are common but non-standard), (strong forms are common but non-standard), (a dialectal strong verb), (strong forms are common but non-standard), / (a dialectal strong verb), (archaic strong verb, in the sense of playing a windinstrument), (an archaic strong verb), (archaic/dialectal strong verb), (dialectal strong verb), (the past tense gedee(g) is dialectal, the strong past participle has the meaning thorough whereas the weak past participle gedijd means thriving, which corresponds to the regular meaning of the verb). Class 2 A notable development in Dutch is the growth of class 2b at the expense of class 2a. Like class 1, sound changes caused the historical ‘au’ and ‘u’ in open syllables, to merge as a long ‘o’ merging parts 2,3,4. Regular class 2a roots (i-o:-o:-o:): Inherited strong roots: , , , , , , , , , , ("to seethe", weak in the sense "to be agitated"). Restricted to literary or poetic use: , , . Regular class 2b roots (œy-o:-o:-o:): Inherited strong roots: , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Historically weak: , , , , , . Non-standard, archaic or dialectal strong verbs: (strong forms are used in colloquial Flemish), (a weak verb, strong forms are archaic), (weak verb, strong forms are archaic), (an archaic strong verb), (strong forms are used in southern dialects), (an