Early life and rise to the top of London's underworld. Born Jacob Colmore in Mile End, London, the youngest of four children, Comer's father was a Jewish tailor's machinist who, to escape anti-Semitic pogroms, had moved to London with his wife from Łódź, Poland around 1900. It was a hostile time for Jewish immigrants and refugees who arrived in the Britain during this period. Anti-Semitism was both in the streets and the corridors of power. This antagonistic environment was, in part, organised by British Brother's League. To assimilate more into English society, the family changed their name from Comacho to Colmore, and later to Comer. His mother's maiden name was Lifschinska. Comer grew up in a Jewish ghetto street in Fieldgate Mansions, Whitechapel, along the west side of Myrdle Street, across from the Irish in terraced houses along the east side. At the age of seven Comer had joined his first gang, which was made up of boys from the Jewish side of Myrdle Street who fought their Catholic rivals from the other end of the street. Proving his abilities as a street fighter, Comer soon joined Alfred Solomons gang, The Yiddishers and saw a route out of poverty. As was custom to gangs Comer got a nickname. He was called "Spot" because he was always 'on the spot' when there was bother, although others claim it was because of a mole on his left cheek. In pre-World War Two Britain anti-Semitism and fascism was a feature of everyday lives for Jews. Comer gained a reputation amongst Jews as a someone to call for protection. Sometimes paid and other times for the principle, he often found himself in violent encounters with anti-Semites. He was involved in the Battle of Cable Street and other attacks on Oswald Mosely's Blackshirts. In the post-war era, Comer is said to have been involved in funding the 43 Group, a group of Jewish ex-servicemen and women who took direct action to violently oppose and disrupt the actions of the fascist Union Movement and other far-right and extreme-right groups. Rapidly becoming a powerful force in the East End, and having built a reputation running 'muscle' in Leeds, Birmingham and other northern nightclubs, Comer and his gang began to violently take control of racecourses across Britain. After wrestling the courses from many of gangs across the country, the money from racecourses abruptly ceased as they closed with