Personal, social, health and economic education is a school curriculum subject in England that focuses on strengthening the knowledge, skills, and connections to keep children and young people healthy and safe and prepare them for life and work. PSHE education is defined by the schools inspectorate Ofsted as a planned programme to help children and young people develop fully as individuals and as members of families and social and economic communities. Its goal is to equip young people with the knowledge, understanding, attitudes and practical skills to live healthily, safely, productively and responsibly. The Department for Education state that "all schools should make a plan for PSHE, drawing on good practice" and that PSHE education is "an important and necessary part of all pupils' education". PSHE learning is shown to not only support pupils' health, relationships and wellbeing but also their academic attainment. A DfE review of PSHE education provision found a range of positive outcomes, including improved attitudes to health, being able to deal with personal difficulties and improved behaviour. In Wales, the subject is personal and social education. In Ireland (ROI), it is social, personal, and health education. It is also known as personal, social, health and economic education; personal, social and emotional development; and personal, social, health and citizenship education. PSHE is currently the responsibility of the Minister of State for Schools. PSHE themes and topics The PSHE education programme of study is organised into three core themes: health and well-being relationships living in the wider world (covering economic well-being and careers) These themes include numerous topics linked to physical and mental health, alcohol and drug culture, sex, and relationships, education, economic well-being, and careers. Status on the curriculum PSHE education has been a non-statutory (and therefore non-compulsory) curriculum subject. However, as Ofsted stated in its 2013 PSHE report "the great majority of schools choose to teach it because it makes a major contribution to their statutory responsibilities to promote children and young people's personal and economic wellbeing; offer sex and relationships education; prepare pupils for adult life and provide a broad and balanced curriculum". There have however been concerns raised about the consistency of provision due to this non-statutory status. The aforementioned 2013 Ofsted PSHE report found that 40% of schools’ PSHE education was "not yet good enough". There has also been more of an expectation on independent schools to provide PSHE education than maintained schools