the lack of fighting spirit of McClernand, a rival for Union Army leadership, because he had not killed or captured Pemberton's entire force. McClernand's casualties were low on the Union left flank (south); McPherson's on the right constituted the bulk of the Union losses, about 2,500. The Confederates suffered about 3,800 casualties. According to diarist William Eddington, so many Confederate horses had been killed, Union soldiers could not easily approach the abandoned batteries; after the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, Union horses were sent back to recover them. The Confederates' effective loss included most of Loring's division, which had marched off on its own to join Joseph E. Johnston in Jackson. Battlefield preservation An area of was listed as the Champion Hill Battlefield on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The listing covered including three contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing object. It was further designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1977. It is located about 3 miles southwest of Bolton, Mississippi. Large sections of the battlefield remain well preserved, including original roads, as evidenced by a view of the field from approximately the site of the Davis sketch. The map reference refers to the small stone historical marker at the corner of Billy Fields Road and DJ Johnson road, very central in the field. As of October 2012, residential development had encroached on limited parts of the field, near the center, along DJ Johnson Road. Thousands of acres of the core battlefield are privately owned, listed as II.1. Class A (opportunity for comprehensive preservation, good integrity, low threat) by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission. Discontinuous portions of the battlefield, totaling over , are owned by the State of Mississippi. These properties are being held for possible future inclusion in Vicksburg National Military Park. The American Battlefield Trust has been able to protect of the battlefield through conservation easements and land purchases through late-2021. In October 2007, Sid Champion, together with three family members who co-own the land, worked with the Trust to craft a unique easement to protect of the family farm comprising a key part of the field. The 795 acres preserved by the Trust and its partners at Champion Hill through mid-2018 includes a 319-acre tract acquired for $1.28 million and announced in May 2017. The Coker House stands adjacent to a south portion of the Champion Hill battlefield. It