small exposures, including respiratory failure. Handling MDI requires strict engineering controls and personal protective equipment. It is a potentially violently reactive material towards water and other nucleophiles. References External links International Chemical Safety Card 0298 IARC Monograph: "4,4'-Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate" NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Isocyanates, from the website of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Isofact American Chemistry Council Diisocyanates Panel Azom Chemical database on Polyurethane chemistry MDI and the Environment - 2005 presentation by Center for the Polyurethanes Industry International Isocyanate Institute Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 27 Isocyanates Monomers IARC Group 3 carcinogens