"closed" to new members was widely accepted and popularized in works like Simon Schama's survey of the French Revolution, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. It has recently been challenged by Ellis Wasson's Born to Rule: British Political Elites (2000) which argues that the ruling class was open to new members throughout the early modern period. In fact, Stone never argued to the contrary, and the difference appears to be one of degree. WorksSculpture in Britain: The Middle Ages, 1955 (2nd edn. 1972), Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art)An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Palavicino (1956)The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641 (1965)The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642' (1972) Family and Fortune: Studies in Aristocratic Finance in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (1973) "Early Modern Revolutions: An Exchange: The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642: A Reply," Journal of Modern History Vol. 46, No. 1, March 1974 The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800 (1977) "The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History," Past and Present 85 (Nov. 1979) pp 3–24 The Past and the Present (1981) An Open Elite? England 1540-1880 (1984) with Jeanne C. Fawtier Stone Road to Divorce: England, 1530-1987 (1990) Uncertain Unions: Marriage in England, 1660-1753 (1992) Broken Lives: Separation and Divorce in England, 1660-1857 (1993) An Imperial State at War: Britain from 1689 to 1815 (1994) editor References Further reading Beier, A. L.; Cannadine, David & Rosenheim, James (editors) The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. Berlatsky, Joel "Lawrence Stone: Social Science and History" from Recent Historians of Great Britain: Essays on the Post-1945 Generation edited by Walter L. Arnstein, (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990) Coleman, D.C. "The 'Gentry Controversy'" History (1966) Volume 51, pp 165–178 Davies, C.S.L. "Lawrence Stone" History Today (1999) Volume 49, Issue # 9, pages 2–3 Hawkins, Michael. "Lawrence Stone and interdisciplinary history" in William Lamont, ed. Historical Controversies and Historians (1998) pp 119–32 Hexter, J. H. On Historians: Reappraisals of Some of the Makers of Modern History, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979. Himmelfarb, Gertrude The New History and the Old, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987. Hobsbawm, Eric "The Revival of Narrative: Some Comments" Past and Present, (1980) Volume 86, 1980. pages 3–8 Kenyon, John The History Men: The Historical Profession in England Since the Renaissance, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983. External links Dictionary