prepare the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation. Its rulings set the Counter-Reformation tone of Catholic Church for four centuries until the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). July 27, 1549: St. Francis Xavier, S.J., reaches Japan and goes ashore at Kagoshima, August 15. 1551: The first diocese of Brazil is created with a Portuguese appointed bishop reaching Bahia, Brazil, a year later. 1562: Palestrina finishes Missa Papae Marcelli. December 4, 1563: Ecumenical Council of Trent closed. The decrees were confirmed on January 26, 1564, by Pius IV in the Bull Benedictus Deus. April 28, 1565: The Basilica Minore del Santo Niño is the first Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. 1568: St. John Chrysostom, St. Basil, St. Gregory Nazianzus, St. Athanasius and St. Thomas Aquinas are made Doctors of the Church. July 14, 1570: Pope Pius V issues the Apostolic Constitution on the Tridentine Mass, Quo Primum. October 7, 1571: Christian fleet of the Holy League defeats the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Lepanto. 1571: The French government of King Charles IX decreed that "all prisoners are free in this kingdom, as soon as a slave has reached these frontiers and becomes baptized, he is free." 1577: Teresa of Ávila writes The Interior Castle, one of the classic works of Catholic mysticism. December 21, 1581: The construction of Manila Cathedral in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. February 24, 1582: Pope Gregory XIII issues the Bull Inter gravissimas reforming the Julian calendar. October 15, 1582: The Gregorian calendar is first adopted by Italy, Spain, and Portugal. October 4 (Julian) is followed by October 15 (Gregorian) – ten days are removed. 1582: John of the Cross begins his Dark Night of the Soul, a classic works of Catholic mysticism. 1582: Matteo Ricci, S.J., arrives at Macau to begin his missionary work in China. September 28, 1586: Domenico Fontana successfully finished re-erecting the Vatican Obelisk at its present site in St. Peter's Square. Hailed as a great technical achievement of its time. 1589-91: William Byrd composed his Cantiones sacrae. His music, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, has "an intensity unrivaled in England and a breadth of scale unknown on the Continent." Byrd and his teacher, Thomas Tallis, though both Catholic, were allowed to compose and perform music during the reign of Elizabeth I. 1593: Robert Bellarmine finishes his Disputationes de controversiis christianae fidei. 1593 - 1596: Spanish Governor-General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas commissioned the image of