, , , , , / , , , Historically weak roots: (Swiss german), , , (Swiss german) Class 1 with a short vowel in the preterite and participle (aɪ̯-ɪ-ɪ) : , (archaic), , (dialectal), , , , , , , , , , , , , (archaic), , , . Historically weak roots: , , Anomalous class 1 roots: The verbs and preserved the verner alternation: "leiden – litt – gelitten, schneiden – schnitt – geschnitten". Class 2 In class 2, part 2 is generalised, eliminating older -u-. Class 2b verbs are rare, as in Old High German. Class 2a with a long vowel in the preterite and participle (i:-o:-o:) : , , , , , , , , , , . Class 2a with a short vowel in the preterite and participle (i:-ɔ-ɔ) : , , , , , , , , , , . Anomalous class 2a roots: The roots and have preserved the verner alternation: "sieden – sott – gesotten" and "ziehen – zog – gezogen" The roots ("to tell a lie") and ("to deceive"), have changed their present tense vowels from 'ie' to 'ü'. This no doubt arises from a desire to disambiguate Middle High German liegen from ligen (class 5), which would have sounded the same after vowel lengthening. Trügen would have followed in its wake, because the two words form a common rhyming collocation. The verb has become obsolete, however the strong past tense and past participle are still used. Some speakers reinterpreted these forms as if they are part of the related verb , creating the pattern: küren-kor-gekoren. In German class 2b was never large, the modern language retains the following verbs: , , , . Class 3 In class 3, part 2 is generalised. The o of the 3b participle has been passed by analogy to some 3a verbs, and also to the past of some verbs of both groups: beginnen begann begonnen, bergen barg geborgen ("to rescue"), quellen quoll gequollen ("to well up"). Thus, there are now 5 subgroups: Class 3a regular (ɪ-a-ʊ) : , (by analogy), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (by analogy), , . with substitution of o in the participle (ɪ-a-ɔ) : , , , , , . with substitution of o in the preterite and participle (ɪ-ɔ-ɔ) : , . Class 3b regular (ɛ-a-ɔ) : , ,