Sebastian Church completed in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines. May 15, 1891: Pope Leo XIII issues encyclical Rerum novarum (Of New Things). November 30, 1894: Pope Leo XIII publishes the Encyclical Orientalium Dignitas (On the Churches of the East) safeguarding the importance and continuance of the Eastern traditions for the whole Church. 1895: Mark Twain's Personal Reflections of Joan of Arc is published by Harper's Magazine. 1896: Pope Leo XIII formally declares Anglican orders "absolutely null and void" in papal bull, Apostolicae Curae. 1897: Thérèse of Lisieux dies. 1898: Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the Shroud of Turin. 20th century 1900: Edward Elgar sets to music Cardinal John Henry Newman's The Dream of Gerontius. 1903–1914: Pope Pius X publishes Lamentabili sane exitu against Modernism, introduces frequent communion, and promotes Gregorian chant. 1914–1918: Pope Benedict XV declares neutrality during World War I. His peace initiatives are rejected by both sides as favoring the other. Massive papal charity in Europe. 1916: Charles I of Austria is crowned Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Charles attempted to negotiate peace between the warring nations during World War I. His attempts at peace are largely ignored. 1917: Pope Benedict XV promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law for the Latin Church, the first official comprehensive codification of Catholic canon law in history. The apparition of Our Lady of Fátima occurs in Fátima, Portugal, over the course of six months ending in the Miracle of the Sun. This apparition is very popular throughout the century. 1918: Persecution of the Roman Catholic Church and especially the Eastern Catholic Churches in the Soviet Union (until 1985). 1922: Emperor Charles I of Austria dies in exile and poverty in Portugal. Later to become beatified as Blessed Charles. 1922: G. K. Chesterton, philosopher, poet, and writer, converts to Catholicism. 1925: Holy Year proclaimed by Pope Pius XI. John Vianney, French priest referred to as the Cure d'Ars, is canonized by Pope Pius XI. 1926: Beginning of Church persecutions in Mexico until 1940, also known as the Cristero War or La Cristiada. March 19, 1927: Foundation of the Sisters of the Destitute (SD) at Chunungumvely, Kerala by Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly. 1927: Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest scientist, first proposed on theoretical grounds that the universe was expanding. In addition, he was first to ascertain what is now known as Hubble's Law. He also proposed what became known as the Big Bang. October