changed e to ö. The past tense and participle of (stand, older stund, gestanden), which derive from a lost verb *standen, also belong to this class. With a strong participle only: The root acquired a rarely used strong inflection beside the historically weak forms. Class 7 In class 7, the various past tense vowels have merged into a single uniform --. Class 7a: only , as has become a class 1 strong verb. Class 7b: , , Class 7c: , , have back-formed new present stems from the past stem, and have eliminated grammatischer Wechsel and shortened the vowel in the past tense: fangen fing gefangen ("to catch"), hängen hing gehangen ("to hang"). The past tense and participle of German , ging gegangen, derive from a lost verb *gangen which belongs to this class. (The verb still exists in other languages, such as the verb gang used in Scotland and northern England.) With a strong participle only: , , Class 7d: , , , , Class 7e: Low German The following changes occurred from West Germanic to Old Saxon: ai > ē au > ō eu > io From Old Saxon to Middle Low German: u > o io > e As in Middle Dutch Lengthening of vowels in open syllables: e > ē, o > ō, a > ā, ö > ȫ, ü > ǖ. i Is often lengthened to ē. There is no single Modern Low German, and some sources gives different forms than this. E.g. see Alfred v. d. Velde: Zu Fritz Reuter! Praktische Anleitung zum Verständniß des Plattdeutschen an der Hand des ersten Kapitels des Fritz Reuter'schen Romanes: "Ut mine Stromtid". Zweite Auflage. Leipzig, 1881, p. 60–63 Julius Wiggers: Grammatik der plattdeutschen Sprache. In Grundlage der Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerschen Mundart. Zweite Auflage. Hamburg, 1858, p. 57 ff. Some differences: They have böd, böden instead of bood, boden, föll, föllen instead of full, fullen, stürw, stürwen, storwen instead of storv, storven, storven. They have spreken with sprök (thus not "4 regular (e-o-a)") From Middle Low German to Modern Low German: ā > ē ō > ā except before r a > o in preterite forms e > a/ö when followed by two different consonants Most classes are quite well preserved, although the cohesion of some has been lost substantially or even entirely. Class 1 verbs in Low German are bieten, blieven, blieken, diegen/diehen, drieven, glieden, griepen, kieken, lieden, lieken,