the Doelisten (a group of Amsterdam burgers) against the ruling elite to seize power for himself in 1748. Another revisionist claim made by Geyl was that the marriage of William of Orange (later stadtholder Willem II) to Mary Stuart was the main cause of the first Anglo-Dutch War in the 17th century. Napoleon For and Against was an account of how French historians of different ages and views have regarded the French emperor. From Napoleon's time to the present, French historians have presented Napoleon as either a Corsican adventurer who brought death and destruction to France or as a patriotic Frenchman who brought glory and prosperity. Geyl used his book to advance his view that all historians are influenced by the present when writing history and thus all historical writing is transitory. In Geyl's view, there never can be a definitive account for all ages because every age has a different view of the past. For Geyl the best that historians could do was to critically examine their beliefs and urge their readers to do likewise. Geyl felt that history was a progress of "argument without end", but did not feel that this meant that an "anything goes" interpretation of history was acceptable. Death Geyl died on 31 December 1966 in Utrecht, Netherlands. Published works Christofforo Suriano: resident van de Serenissime Republiek van Venetië in Den Haag, 1616–1623, 1913. Willem IV en Engeland tot 1748, 1924. De Groot-Nederlandsche gedachte, 1925. De geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche Stam, 3 volumes, 1930–1959: translated into English as The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555–1609 and The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century. Revolutiedagen te Amsterdam, Augustus–September 1748, 1936. Patriotten en NSBers, 1946. History of the Low Countries: Episodes and Problems, Macmillan, 1964. The Trevelyan Lectures 1963, with 4 additional essays. The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555–1609, New York: Barnes & Noble, 1966. The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century, Pt. I: 1609-1648; Pt.II: 1648-1715, 2 volumes, New York: Barnes & Noble, 1961 & 1964. Oranje en Stuart, 1641–72, 1939: translated by A. Pomerans into English as Orange and Stuart, 1641–72, New York: Scribner, 1970. Napoleon: voor en tegen in de Franse geschiedschrijving, 1946: translated by O. Renier into English as Napoleon, For and Against, New Haven, CT; Yale University Press, 1948; revised edition 1964. De Patriottenbeweging, 1780–1787, 1947. Can We Know the Pattern of the Past? Discussion between P. Geyl and A. Toynbee concerning Toynbee's Book 'A