2, 1928: Saint Josemaría Escrivá founded Opus Dei, a worldwide organization of lay members of the Catholic Church. 1928: Sigrid Undset wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.. February 11, 1929: The Lateran Treaty is signed by Benito Mussolini and Cardinal Gasparri establishing the independent State of the Vatican City and resolving the Roman Question between Italy and the Holy See since the seizure of the Papal States in 1870. October 5, 1929: Death of Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly, founder of Sisters of the Destitute. February 12, 1931: Vatican Radio is set up by Guglielmo Marconi and inaugurated by Pope Pius XI. First signal broadcast is in Morse code: In nomine Domini, amen. 1931–1936: Persecution of the Church in Spain. It is estimated that in the course of the Red Terror (Spain), 6,832 members of the Catholic clergy were killed. July 20, 1933: Concordat Between the Holy See and the German Reich signed by Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli and Franz von Papen on behalf of Pope Pius XI and President Paul von Hindenburg, respectively. 1933: Dorothy Day co-founded the Catholic Worker with Peter Maurin. December 8, 1933: Pope Pius XI canonized Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes. 1935: Sir Thomas More and John Fisher, English martyrs, executed under the reign of Henry VIII, are canonized by Pope Pius XI. 1937: Mit brennender Sorge encyclical against National Socialism by Pope Pius XI, written by Cardinals Eugenio Pacelli and Michael von Faulhaber. February 3–7, 1937: The 33rd International Eucharistic Congress held in Manila, Philippines. The first congress in Asia and the first congress held in the Philippines. September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland, start of the Second World War. The Vatican, after trying to avoid the war, declares neutrality to avoid being drawn into the conflict. Massive Vatican relief intervention for displaced persons, prisoners of war and needy civilians in Europe. 1939: St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was finished being built. 1940: Graham Greene publishes The Power and the Glory. During World War II: Convents, monasteries, and the Vatican are used to hide Jews and others targeted by the Nazis for extermination (see The Myth of Hitler's Pope). St. Maximilian Kolbe is martyred in Auschwitz concentration camp after volunteering to die in place of a stranger. The Nazis imprison and at times execute Catholic clergy, monks and nuns who criticize Nazi ideology. 1943: Encyclical of Pope Pius XII Mystici corporis describing the Catholic Church as the