preparation in order to treat the causes rather than the symptoms. She argues for this by distinguishing between two types of philanthropy: bourgeois philanthropy and philanthropy of the working class. Bourgeois philanthropy "aims to give back to the workers a little bit of what our social system robs them of, propping up the system longer," (92) thus it is fundamentally palliative, preserving the current system in place. Philanthropy of the working class, on the other hand, aims to weaken the capitalist system through goals such as shortening the work day and limiting the working of children. These measures result in a lower amount of surplus value produced which is antithetical to the capitalist system. After such a theoretical preparation, Kelley concludes that real philanthropic work consists in elevating class consciousness. References Further reading Blumberg, Dorothy Rose. Florence Kelley. The Making of a Social Pioneer. (1966) Goldmark, Josephine. Impatient Crusader: Florence Kelley's Life Story (1953) Grinspan, Jon. The Age of Acrimony: How Americans Fought to Fix Their Democracy, 1865–1915. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2021. Piott, Steven L. American Reformers, 1870–1920: Progressives in Word and Deed (2006); chapter 9 is on Kelley. Sklar, Kathryn Kish. Florence Kelley and the Nation's Work: The Rise of Women's Political Culture, 1830–1900. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1995. Sklar, Kathryn. Notes of Sixty Years: The Autobiography of Florence Kelley, Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company. 1986. Sources Amico, Eleanor B., ed. Reader's Guide to Women's Studies (Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998) Sklar, Kathryn Kish, and Beverly Wilson Palmer, eds. The Selected Letters of Florence Kelley, 1869–1931 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009). lxii, 575 pp. External links Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600–2000. "How Did Florence Kelley's Campaign against Sweatshops in Chicago in the 1890s Expand Government Responsibility for Industrial Working Conditions?" The Life and Times of Florence Kelley in Chicago (1891–1899) on Northwestern University Florence Kelley (1859–1932) on harvard.edu Kelley Kelly on schoolnet.co.uk Florence Kelley on Women and Social Movements, subscription required Biographical note A letter from Engels to Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky Entry at 'project Muse' (needs a subscription to read it all) Florence Kelley fought for civil rights Smithsonian Magazine article about William D. Kelley 1859 births 1932 deaths 19th-century American women writers 20th-century American women writers Activists from Philadelphia American feminists American Marxists American pacifists American socialists American translators American women writers Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia) Child labor in the United