being previously known from the biggest hospital in the kingdom of France, the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris, he made the decision to relocate to Vitré to obtain knowledge of surgery from a barber. He proceeded to practice in heavy mutilations as a military surgeon prior to being assigned as “Surgeon of The King” of France (for Henri II and Charles IX). Materials and Techniques for Facial Prosthesis in Modern History (Late Modern Period) In the 19th Century throughout the time of the industrial revolution, appearance was improved a great deal by recently developed materials accessible for facial prostheses. Silver and gold were exchanged with lighter materials as they gave discomfort to the face and were stiff. To mask disfigurement, epitheses were used as it was practical and more successful therapeutics. In fact, in 1851, sulphur was incorporated into rubber which made Goodyear acquire vulcanite. It turned out to be a vital component of conventional dental prosthesis and facial prosthesis. A trouble-free and colourable creation being able to be used in both hard and soft structures. The application of vulcanite for facial prostheses was also mentioned by Norman Kingsley (1829 - 1931) and Apoléoni Preterre (1821-1893) in 1864 and 1866, respectively. In 1879, celluloid was used by Kingsley. Maxillofacial prosthetics were given a new dimension by mixing maxillofacial surgery with dental prosthetics by a French physician and dentist, Claude Martin (1843 - 1911) by the end of the 19th century. “Surgical” and “prosthesis” were terms used in conjunction with each other by Martin for the first time in De la prothèse immédiate à la résection des maxillaires. He had explained that in giving fulfilling skin simulation, the use of translucent ceramics for nasal prosthesis after amputation is the key. Problems Being exposed to high temperatures can cause problems when wearing prosthetics. Glues that were sturdy at normal temperatures can become less effective under heat. This could lead to prosthetics falling apart or peeling from the skin. Higher temperatures can cause sweating which can also affect the durability of the prosthetics. The negative effects of sweating can be prevented by cleaning the skin well with 99% alcohol before applying the adhesive. Another way to ensure that the facial prosthetics stay on once they have been applied is to treat the skin with an anti-perspirant beforehand. See also Angellift Lifecasting Prosthesis Prosthetic makeup References Cosmetics Prosthetics Prosthetic