The Shekel function is a multidimensional, multimodal, continuous, deterministic function commonly used as a test function for testing optimization techniques. The mathematical form of a function in dimensions with maxima is: or, similarly, Global minima Numerically certified global minima and the corresponding solutions were obtained using interval methods for up to . References Shekel, J. 1971. "Test Functions for Multimodal Search Techniques." Fifth Annual Princeton Conference on Information Science and Systems. See also Test functions for optimization Mathematical optimization Functions and mappings