mother (for female speakers) has died. Occasionally, avoidance speech takes the form of different affixes to usual speech, but generally, it is simply a change in vocabulary. For example, a digging stick is usually referred to as , but when talking to one of the above relatives, the word used is . An example of avoidance speech is given below: Avoidance: Normal: He is going to the fire to cook food. Ritual speech Another set of vocabulary is used during ceremonies and other ritual occasions. Many of the words used in ritual speech are sacred and kept secret. For example, a dingo is usually referred to as , but during ritual occasions, the word used is . That is one ritual term which is known to the general public, as are some other terms for flora and fauna. Island speech When on the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands, which is part of Yanyuwa territory, another set of vocabulary may be used to replace the terms used when on the mainland. There is more variance about the usage of island speech than the other speech styles. For example, on the mainland, fishing is referred to as , but on the islands, the word used is . Classification Dixon (2002), who rejects the validity of Pama–Nyungan, accepts that Yanyuwa is demonstrably related to Warluwara and languages closely related to it. Culture Films Yanyuwa-speakers have actively engaged in making a number of films, and more recently have begun a project to animate important stories and songlines. These include three important films, all of which have extensive narratives in Yanyuwa, with subtitles: Kanymarda Yuwa – Two Laws, Buwarrala Akarriya – Journey East, Ka-wayawayama – Aeroplane Dance. Music Singer Shellie Morris released in May 2013 a song album Ngambala Wiji Li-Wunungu – Together We are Strong, with songs in Yanyuwa. References External links Yanyuwa recordings demonstrating the seven POAs. Yanyuwa Wuka: Language from Yanyuwa Country – a Yanyuwa Dictionary and Cultural Resource Agglutinative languages Ngarna languages Endangered indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory