wounded, and missing are sometimes claimed. At the end of the siege, the Japanese captured a further 878 army officers and 23,491 other ranks; 15,000 of those captured were wounded. The Japanese also captured 546 guns and 82,000 artillery shells. In addition the Russians lost their entire fleet based at Port Arthur, which was either sunk or interned. The Japanese captured 8,956 seamen. The Japanese army casualties were later officially listed as 57,780 casualties (killed, wounded and missing), of whom 14,000 were killed. In addition 33,769 became sick during the siege (including 21,023 with beriberi). The Japanese navy lost 16 ships in the course of the siege, including two battleships and four cruisers. There were higher estimates of Japanese army casualties at the time such as 94,000-110,000 killed, wounded, and missing, though these were written without access to the Japanese Medical History of the War. Aftermath The capture of Port Arthur and the subsequent Japanese victories at the Battle of Mukden and Tsushima gave Japan a dominant military position, resulting in favorable arbitration by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the war. The loss of the war in 1905 led to major political unrest in Imperial Russia (see: Russian revolution of 1905). At the end of the war, Nogi made a report directly to Emperor Meiji during a Gozen Kaigi. When explaining battles of the siege of Port Arthur in detail, he broke down and wept, apologizing for the 56,000 lives lost in that campaign and asking to be allowed to kill himself in atonement. Emperor Meiji told him that suicide was unacceptable, as all responsibility for the war was due to imperial orders, and that Nogi must remain alive, at least as long as he himself lived. Nogi and his wife Shizuko committed suicide by seppuku shortly after the Emperor Meiji's funeral cortege left the imperial palace on 13 September 1912. References Bibliography Jukes, Geoffrey. The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. Osprey Essential Histories. (2002). . Sedgwick, F.R. (1909). The Russo-Japanese War. Macmillan. Warner, Peggy. The Tide at Sunrise: a history of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905. Routledge (1974) . Birolli, Bruno, Port-Arthur, 8 février 1904, 5 janvier 1905, Economica (2015) – French External links The Russo-Japanese War Research Society Siege of Port Arthur Stereoviews Lafayette College Library, from the collection of Richard Mammana PRISONERS AND SPOILS OF PORT ARTHUR. The Straits Times, May 9, 1905, Page