speeches, as follows: Prime Minister (PM): the first affirmative speaker presents the affirmative case Leader of the Opposition Constructive (LOC): the first negative speaker presents the negative case and answers the PMC arguments Member of the Government Constructive (MGC): the second affirmative speaker upholds the affirmative case by pulling across information that was not addressed in the LOC and responds to the LOC arguments Member of the Opposition Constructive (MOC): the second negative speaker upholds the negative case by pulling across information that was not addressed in the MGC and responds to the MGC arguments Leader of the Opposition Rebuttal (LOR): the first negative speaker begins with an overview of why the negative team should win and explicitly analyzes certain arguments that had been dropped by the affirmative team throughout the debate. New arguments are not allowed. Prime Minister Rebuttal (PMR):the first affirmative speaker summarizes the round with an overview and responds to any new arguments brought up in the MOC/LOC Opp block and provides reasons for why the judge should vote affirmative. New arguments in the PMR are not allowed. Specific rules and speech times vary slightly between organizations. NPDA, APDA and OSAA use the 7-8-8-8-4-5 format, CHSSA and the ASU Invitational use the Claremont 7-7-7-7-5-5 format, the SCU Invitational uses the 6-7-7-7-4-5 format, and Yale high school tournaments use the Osterweis 4-5-5-5-2-3 format. PHSSL borrows its 8 speeches 6-6-6-6-6-6-3-3 format from World Schools Style debate. Most variations of the style do not include a specialized cross-examination period, but allow debaters to make parliamentary points. Points of Information (POI) are questions or statements the opposing side can direct the speaker who has the floor. The speaker has an option to recognize or decline a POI. In most styles POIs cannot be made during the first and last minute of each speech (known as protected time) or during rebuttals. Points of Order are made when the speaker is introducing a new argument during a rebuttal speech, or grossly mischaracterizing arguments. During a Point of Order, official time (usually kept by the judge) is to be stopped while the judge listens and considers the point raised. Points of Personal Privilege (PPP) are made when the speaker makes offensive claims or personal attacks. World Schools style World Schools Style Debating combines the British Parliamentary and Australian formats, which results in a debate comprising eight speeches delivered by two three-member teams (the Proposition