a programmer debugging a program at a console (like a teletype) connected to the computer, while another program was running in the computer at the same time. At the conference, he passed the concept on to J. C. R. Licklider. The name was changed to IFIP in 1961. The founding president of IFIP was Isaac L. Auerbach (1960–1965). In 2009, IFIP established the International Professional Practice Partnership (IFIP IP3) to lead the development of the global ICT profession." Congresses As of 2022 the following IFIP World Computer Congress events took place: 1959 Paris, France (pre IFIP) 1962 Munich, Germany 1965 New York, USA 1968 Edinburgh, UK 1971 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia 1974 Stockholm, Sweden 1977 Toronto, Canada 1980 Melbourne/Tokyo, Australia and Japan 1983 Paris, France 1986 Dublin, Ireland 1989 San Francisco, USA 1992 Madrid, Spain 1994 Hamburg, Germany 1996 Canberra, Australia 1998 Vienna/Budapest, Austria and Hungary 2000 Beijing, China 2002 Montreal, Canada 2004 Toulouse, France 2006 Santiago, Chile 2008 Milan, Italy 2010 Brisbane, Australia 2012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2015 Daejeon, South Korea 2018 Poznan, Poland Technical Committees IFIP's activities are centered on its 13 Technical Committees, which are divided into Working Groups. These groups, (with names like "WG 2.4 Software Implementation Technology") organise conferences and workshops, distribute technical papers and promote discussion and research outcomes. A full list of IFIP Technical Committees is listed below: TC 1: Foundations of Computer Science TC 2: Software:Theory and Practice TC 3: Education TC 5: Information Technology Applications TC 6: Communication Systems TC 7: System Modeling and Optimization TC 8: Information Systems TC 9: Relationship between Computers and Society TC 10: Computer Systems Technology TC 11: Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems TC 12: Artificial Intelligence TC 13: Human-Computer Interaction TC 14: Entertainment Computing IFIP TC1 Foundations of Computer Science The current IFIP TC1, which focuses on Foundations of Computer Science, was established in 1997. There was an earlier TC1, covering Terminology, which was IFIP's first Technical Committee. Formed in 1961, it produced a multilingual dictionary of information-processing terminology but was later disbanded. The working groups of the current TC1 are: WG 1.1 Continuous Algorithms and Complexity WG 1.2 Descriptional Complexity WG 1.3 Foundations of System Specification WG 1.4 Computational Learning Theory WG 1.5 Cellular Automata and Discrete Complex Systems WG 1.6 Term Rewriting WG 1.7 Theoretical Foundations of Security Analysis and Design WG 1.8 Concurrency Theory WG 1.9 Verified Software (joint with WG 2.15)