survey of the fresh-water lochs of Scotland After completing the Challenger Expedition reports, Murray began work surveying the freshwater lochs of Scotland. He was assisted by Frederick Pullar and over a period of three years, they surveyed 15 lochs together. In 1901 Pullar drowned as a result of an ice-skating accident which caused Murray to consider abandoning the survey work. However, Pullar's father, Laurence Pullar, persuaded him to continue and gave £10,000 towards the completion of the survey. Murray coordinated a team of nearly 50 people who took more than 60,000 individual depth soundings and recorded other physical characteristics of the 562 lochs. The resulting 6 volume Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland was published in 1910. The cartographer John George Bartholomew, who strove to advance geographical and scientific understanding through his cartographic work, drafted and published all the maps of the Survey. North Atlantic oceanographic expedition In 1909 Murray indicated to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea that an oceanographic survey of the North Atlantic should be undertaken. After Murray agreed to pay all expenses, the Norwegian Government lent him the research ship Michael Sars and its scientific crew. He was joined on board by the Norwegian marine biologist Johan Hjort and the ship departed Plymouth in April 1910 for a four-month expedition to take physical and biological observations at all depths between Europe and North America. Murray and Hjort published their findings in The Depths of the Ocean in 1912 and it became a classic for marine naturalists and oceanographers. He was the first to note the existence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and of oceanic trenches. He also noted the presence of deposits derived from the Saharan desert in deep ocean sediments and published many papers on his findings. Awards, recognition and legacy Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1877) Neill Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1877) Makdougall Brisbane Prize from the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1884) Founder's Medal from the Royal Geographical Society (1895) Fellow of the Royal Society (1896) Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (1898) Cullum Geographical Medal from the American Geographical Society (1899) Clarke Medal from the Royal Society of New South Wales (1900) Livingstone Medal from the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (1910) Vega Medal from the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (1912) Other awards included the Cuvier Prize and Medal from the