Mongolian territory, capturing what would become Moldavia. By this point, some Western European armies also started to meet the Mongols in their conquered territories. In the siege of Caffa for example, when the Mongols under Janibeg besieged Caffa in Crimea after a large fight between Christians and Muslims began, a relief force of an Genoese army came and defeated the Mongols, killing 15,000 of their troops and destroying their siege engines. A year later, the Genoese blockaded Mongol ports in the region, forcing Janibeg to negotiate, and in 1347 the Genoese were allowed to reestablish their colony in Tana on the Sea of Azov. Gallery See also Franco-Mongol alliance Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' Mongol invasions and conquests Mongol military tactics and organization Romania in the Early Middle Ages Timeline of the Golden Horde Timeline of the Mongol Empire War of the Heavenly Horses References Citations Sources Sverdrup, Carl (2010). "Numbers in Mongol Warfare". Journal of Medieval Military History. Boydell Press. 8: 109–17 [p. 115]. . Further reading Atwood, Christopher P. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire (2004) Chambers, James. The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979) Christian, David. A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia Vol. 1: Inner Eurasia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire (Blackwell, 1998) Cook, David, "Apocalyptic Incidents during the Mongol Invasions", in Brandes, Wolfram / Schmieder, Felicitas (hg), Endzeiten. Eschatologie in den monotheistischen Weltreligionen (Berlin, de Gruyter, 2008) (Millennium-Studien / Millennium Studies / Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. / Studies in the Culture and History of the First Millennium C.E., 16), 293–312. Halperin, Charles J. Russia and the golden horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history (Indiana University Press, 1985) May, Timothy. The Mongol conquests in world history (Reaktion Books, 2013) Morgan, David. The Mongols, Nicolle, David. The Mongol Warlords, Brockhampton Press, 1998 Reagan, Geoffry. The Guinness Book of Decisive Battles, Canopy Books, New York (1992) Saunders, J.J. The History of the Mongol Conquests, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1971, ; also in JSTOR Vernadsky, George. The Mongols and Russia (Yale University Press, 1953) Halperin, Charles J. "George Vernadsky, Eurasianism, the Mongols, and Russia." Slavic Review (1982): 477–493. in JSTOR \ External links The Islamic World to 1600: The Golden Horde Expeditionary warfare Europe Invasions of Europe