pronouncements (e.g., Bill's statement that "I am of the opinion that it is possible to develop an art largely on the basis of mathematical thinking.") Expressionist abstract painting, as practiced by artists such as Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Clyfford Still, and Wols, represents the opposite of geometric abstraction. Relationship with music Abstract art has also historically been likened to music in its ability to convey emotional or expressive feelings and ideas without reliance upon or reference to recognizable objective forms already existent in reality. Wassily Kandinsky has discussed this connection between music and painting, as well as how the practice of classical composition had influenced his work, at length in his seminal essay Concerning the Spiritual in Art. Selected artists Artists who have worked extensively in geometric abstraction include: Nadir Afonso Josef Albers Richard Anuszkiewicz Mino Argento Hans Arp Rudolf Bauer Willi Baumeister Karl Benjamin Max Bill Ilya Bolotowsky Patrick Henry Bruce Kenneth Wayne Bushnell Norman Carlberg Ilya Chashnik Joseph Csaky Nassos Daphnis Ronald Davis Robert Delaunay Sonia Delaunay Tony DeLap Jean Dewasne Burgoyne Diller David Diao Ding Yi Theo van Doesburg Thomas Downing Lorser Feitelson María Freire Günter Fruhtrunk Albert Gleizes Frederick Hammersley Erwin Hauer Mary Henry Gottfried Honegger Bryce Hudson Al Held Auguste Herbin Carmen Herrera Hans Hofmann Budd Hopkins Wassily Kandinsky Ellsworth Kelly Hilma af Klint Ivan Kliun František Kupka Pat Lipsky El Lissitzky Michael Loew Peter Lowe Kazimir Malevich Agnes Martin Kenneth Martin John McLaughlin Peter Hugo McClure László Moholy-Nagy Vera Molnár Piet Mondrian François Morellet Aurélie Nemours Barnett Newman Marion Nicoll Kenneth Noland Alejandro Otero Rinaldo Paluzzi I. Rice Pereira Francis Picabia Ad Reinhardt Jack Reilly Bridget Riley Ivo Ringe Alexander Rodchenko Morgan Russell Sean Scully Victor Servranckx Leon Polk Smith Henryk Stażewski Jeffrey Steele Frank Stella Adam Szentpétery Sophie Taeuber-Arp Leo Valledor Georges Vantongerloo Victor Vasarely Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart Charmion von Wiegand Zanis Waldheims Gordon Walters Neil Williams Stanton Macdonald-Wright Larry Zox See also References External links Sculpture and Art websites at DMOZ of Geoform Modern art Abstract art Contemporary art movements