Mudéjar art, also known as Mudéjar style, refers to a type of ornamentation and decoration used in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, primarily between the 13th and 16th centuries. It was applied to Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance architectural styles as constructive, ornamental, and decorative motifs derived from those that had been brought to or developed in Al-Andalus. These motifs and techniques were also present in the art and crafts, especially Hispano-Moresque lustreware that was once widely exported across Europe from southern and eastern Spain at the time. The term Mudejar art was coined by the art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in reference to the Mudéjars who played a leading role in introducing Islamic derived decorative elements into the Iberian Christian kingdoms. The Mudéjars were the Muslims who remained in the former areas of Al-Andalus after Christian reconquest in the Middle Ages and were able to practice their religion to a limited degree. Therefore, Mudéjar art is valuable in that it represents peaceful coexistence between Muslims and Christians during the medieval era, although it should be noted all Muslims and Jews in Spain eventually were forced to convert to Christianity or exiled between the late 1400s and early-to-mid-1500s. The Mudéjar decorative elements were developed in Iberia specially in the context of historic architecture. There was a revival in the late 19th and early 20th century Spain and Portugal as Neo-Mudéjar style. Etymology Mudéjar was originally the term used for Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained after the Christian reconquest of Muslim controlled territories in the later Middle Ages but were not initially converted to Christianity or exiled. It was a medieval Castilian borrowing of the Arabic word Mudajjan , meaning "tamed", referring to Muslims who submitted to the rule of Christian kings. The term likely originated as a taunt, as the word was usually applied to domesticated animals such as poultry. The term Mudéjar can also be translated from Arabic as "one permitted to remain", which references Christians allowing Muslims to remain in Christian Iberia. The concept "arte mudéjar" was coined and defined by the Spanish art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in his induction discourse El estilo mudéjar, en arquitectura at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1859. Muslims in medieval Christian kingdoms The Muslims living in the medieval Christian kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula, called Mudejars, were tolerated and could practice