a new Kingdom of Northern Lusitania (in northern Portugal), but this plan was never realized due to the break between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. After his downfall in 1814, Tuscany was restored to its Habsburg grand dukes. In 1815, the Duchy of Lucca was carved out of Tuscany, on the lands of the former Republic of Lucca, as compensation for the Bourbons of Parma until they resumed their rule in 1847. As stipulated in the Treaty of Paris of 1817, in execution of the art. 99 of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Lucca was then annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Flags and coats of arms References Former kingdoms History of Florence History of Tuscany 1800s in Italy 1800s in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany States and territories established in 1801 States and territories disestablished in 1807 1801 establishments in Italy 1807 disestablishments in Italy 1801 establishments in Europe 1807 disestablishments in Europe 19th century in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany Former monarchies of Europe