a poor man to give him charity. In the Hebrew alphabet gimel directly precedes dalet, which signifies a poor or lowly man, from the Hebrew word dal (b. Shabbat, 104a). The word gimel is related to gemul, which means 'justified repayment', or the giving of reward and punishment. Gimel is also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns (called tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah. See shin, ayin, teth, nun, zayin, and tsadi. The letter gimel is the electoral symbol for the United Torah Judaism party, and the party is often nicknamed Gimmel. In Modern Hebrew, the frequency of usage of gimel, out of all the letters, is 1.26%. Syriac gamal/gomal In the Syriac alphabet, the third letter is — Gamal in eastern pronunciation, Gomal in western pronunciation (). It is one of six letters that represent two associated sounds (the others are Bet, Dalet, Kaph, Pe and Taw). When Gamal/Gomal has a hard pronunciation (qûššāyâ ) it represents , like "goat". When Gamal/Gomal has a soft pronunciation (rûkkāḵâ ) it traditionally represents (), or Ghamal/Ghomal. The letter, renamed Jamal/Jomal, is written with a tilde/tie either below or within it to represent the borrowed phoneme (), which is used in Garshuni and some Neo-Aramaic languages to write loan and foreign words from Arabic or Persian. Arabic ǧīm The Arabic letter is named . It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word: Pronunciation In all varieties of Arabic, cognate words will have consistent differences in pronunciation of the letter. The standard pronunciation taught outside the Arabic speaking world is an affricate , which was the agreed upon pronunciation by the end of the nineteenth century to recite the Qur'an. It is pronounced as a fricative in most of Northern Africa and the Levant, and is the prestigious and most common pronunciation in Egypt, which is also found in Southern Arabian Peninsula. Differences in pronunciation occur because readers of Modern Standard Arabic pronounce words following their native dialects. Egyptians always use the letter to represent as well as in names and loanwords, such as "golf". However, may be used in Egypt to transcribe ~ (normally pronounced ) or if there is a need to distinguish them completely, then is used to represent , which is also a proposal for Mehri and Soqotri languages. The literary standard pronunciations : In most of the Arabian Peninsula,