in the municipal elections for mayor with the National Unity, defeating incumbent Mayor Alberto Andrade of We Are Peru. Castañeda started out as a very popular mayor, with an approval rating close to 79%. He won re-election as the city's mayor in the November 2006 mayoral election with almost 48% of the vote against Pastor Humberto Lay’s 15% of the vote. In October 2010, he resigned as mayor of Lima to run again for the country's presidency in Peru's 2011 general elections, this time under the National Solidarity Alliance's banner-head. Second presidential run (2011) In 2011, Castañeda decided to run for the presidency in the presidential elections, this time under the National Solidarity Alliance. Nevertheless, and unsuccessfully, he only managed to gather around 9.8% of the votes, placing fifth. During the last months of his administration as Lima Mayor (2003-2010), he was the subject of serious accusations of illicit enrichment and corruption in the case of "Comunicore". He was also criticized for the delay in construction and the cost overrun of his El Metropolitano transportation project, whose budget multiplied, and whose completion occurred in 2010, despite the fact that its inauguration was scheduled for the year 2005. Months after having received these accusations, the Judicial Power in charge of Nelly Mercedes Aranda Cañote, decided not to include the former mayor of Lima in the Comunicore case because the Prosecutor's Office provided sufficient evidence of the agreement with the aforementioned company to economically harm the municipality. Second term as Mayor of Lima (2015–2018) In the 2014 municipal elections, he ran for Mayor of Lima, winning the election by a landslide on 5 October, over rival and incumbent Susana Villarán in third place (10%), and surprisingly, 18% for APRA candidate Enrique Cornejo. He assumed office on 1 January 2015 and stepped down on 31 December 2018 as he declined to run for re-election. Controversies During the last months of his administration as Lima Mayor (2003–2010), he received serious accusations of illicit enrichment and corruption in the case of "Comunicore". He has also been criticized for the delay in construction and the cost overrun of his El Metropolitano transportation project, whose budget multiplied, and whose completion occurred in 2010, despite the fact that its inauguration was scheduled for the year 2005. Months after having received these accusations, the Judicial Power in charge of Nelly Mercedes Aranda Cañote, decided not to include the former