lands, reserving the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation with the Umatilla and Walla Walla peoples. The war had significant long-term consequences for the region. The Cayuse War stressed an already frayed developing government in Oregon state. At the war’s end, the crushing debt was unsurprisingly handled with little diplomacy and organization, but was eventually reimbursed through a series of negotiations. What was not restabilized, however, was the government. The Cayuse War undoubtedly made evident the nearing United States government; however, when the war ended, the provisional government ceased to exist. In its place a new, sturdier, more permanent government apt to negotiate properly with the Natives emerged. The United States government had tried to pursue a policy of treaty-making with many tribes of the Pacific Northwest; but not after seeking revenge for the Whitman massacre. In March, the military brought five Cayuse men to the capital of Oregon Country. They were charged, tried, and hanged even though their guilt and the jurisdiction of the court were not fully established. This trial had been the first capital punishment following a legal preceding in the new territory. Ambivalent responses followed the trial for decades. See also Coeur d'Alene War Okanagan Trail Fraser Canyon War List of conflicts in the United States References Timeline: Native Americans in the Inland Northwest: Wars and Treaties "Sacajawea's Dual Legacy: Heroine In Discovery, Catalyst In Conquest", The Oregonian, July 23, 1993 The Cayuse War (Early Indian Wars of Oregon, Vol. One), by Frances Fuller Victor. Taxus Baccata: 2006. Hubert H. Bancroft, History Of Washington, Idaho, and Montana, 1845-1889, The History Company, San Francisco, 1890. Chapter VI Indian Wars 1855-1856 and V Indian Wars 1856-1858 External links Whitman Mission National Historical Site Guide to the Cayuse War (1847-1855)at the University of Oregon.