carrying eggs. However, experiments that pitted Portia against "convincing" artificial spiders with arbitrary but consistent behavior patterns showed that Portia's instinctive tactics are only starting points for a trial-and-error approach from which these spiders learn very quickly. Against other jumping spiders, which also have excellent vision, Portia may mimic fragments of leaf litter detritus. When close to biting range, Portia use different combat tactics against different prey spiders. On the other hand, when attacking unarmed prey, such as flies, they simply stalk and rush, and they also capture prey by means of sticky webs. Portia can also rely on movement cues to locate prey. In this specific strategy, when potential prey knows it's been seen and stands still to avoid detection, undirected leaps occur in the vicinity of the prey. As a result, the prey will then react to this visual cue, believing itself to have been seen, providing motion that allows Portia to see and attack it. Portia may also scavenge corpses of dead arthropods they found, and consume nectar. Social behavior Members of the species Portia africana were observed living together and sharing prey. If a mature Portia male meets a sub-mature female, he will try to cohabitate with her. P. labiata females can discriminate between the draglines of familiar and unfamiliar individuals of the same species. and between their own draglines and those of conspecifics. The ability to recognize individuals is a necessary prerequisite for social behavior. Vision Portia species have complex eyes that support exceptional spatial acuity. They have 8 eyes. Three pairs of eyes positioned along the sides of the cephalothorax (called the secondary eyes) have a combined field-of-view of almost 360° and serve primarily as movement detectors. A pair of forward-facing anterior median eyes (called the principal eyes) are adapted for colour vision and high spatial acuity. The main eyes focus accurately on an object at distances from approximately to infinity, and in practice can see up to about . Like all jumping spiders, Portias can take in only a small visual field at one time, as the most acute part of a main eye can see all of a circle up to wide at away, or up to wide at away. Jumping spiders' main eyes can see from red to ultraviolet. The inter-receptor angles of Portias eyes may be as small as 2.4 minutes of arc, which is only six times worse than