Zhongsan zhongliu ("Heavy III Heavy VI"), similarly, applies this upward string-bend to the third degree as well, raising it to the fourth. The fourth common scale, called Huowu ("Live V"), resembles this last but avoids the plain third degree and instead uses a heavy vibrato on the second degree. This is said to be the most characteristic mode of the region. Chaozhou drum music includes the big drum and gong, the small drum and gong, the dizi set drum and dong and su drum and gong ensembles. The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of the Drum and Wind Music of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The Chaozhou guzheng () is also regarded as a major member of the southern guzheng family. Opera in southern China Jiangxi's opera heritage played a major role in the evolution of Beijing opera. Cantonese opera is the operatic style of Guangdong, but Chaozhou opera (), which has a history of more than 500 years, based on local folk dances and ballads, formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi Opera, a style that originated during the Song dynasty. Its tunes are graceful and pleasant, full of local color. The old form of choral accompaniment still remains a special feature. Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in a Chaozhou opera, and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances. Guiju (), an indigenous form of opera from Guangxi, is most popular in the northern and eastern parts of the province, particularly around the city of Guilin, for which the genre is named. It is similar to Beijing opera but is sung in the Guilin dialect of Chinese. Music events in southern China There is a Music and Dance Festival of Fujian Province, a Baihua Arts and Cultural Festival of Fuzhou Municipality. The cities of Xiamen and Quanzhou have applied to UNESCO for recognition as masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity. Musical institutions in Guangdong include the Guangdong International Summer Music Festival. See also Huluhu Maguhu Tuhu References External links Nanguan Music https://web.archive.org/web/20060223141339/http://www.nanyin.cn/ (Chinese) Lâm-im Hui-sī-góan (南音 非是阮) https://archive.today/20070823111325/http://www.mz.sti.gd.cn/kjwf/kjsg.htm (Chinese) Video Nanguan videos Nanguan videos Hakka culture in China Guangxi Guizhou Fujian Culture in Jiangxi Southern Music of Guangdong