for which it was designed, and the lack of authentication and authorization in the OBD specifications, which instead rely largely on security through obscurity. See also OBD-II PIDs ("Parameter IDs") Unified Diagnostic Services Engine control unit Immobiliser References Notes Birnbaum, Ralph and Truglia, Jerry. Getting to Know OBD II. New York, 2000. . SAE International. On-Board Diagnostics for Light and Medium Duty Vehicles Standards Manual. Pennsylvania, 2003. . External links Directive 98/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998. National OBD Clearing House Center for Automotive Science and Technology at Weber State University United States Environmental Protection Agency OBD information for repair technicians, vehicle owners, and manufacturers Automotive technologies Industrial computing Vehicle security systems