ADR 79/01 (Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/01 – Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2005) standard is the Australian equivalent of OBD-II. It applies to all vehicles of category M1 and N1 with a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 3500 kg or less, registered from new within Australia and produced since January 1, 2006 for petrol (gasoline) engined cars and since January 1, 2007 for diesel engined cars. For newly introduced models, the regulation dates applied a year earlier - January 1, 2005 for petrol and January 1, 2006, for diesel. The ADR 79/01 standard was supplemented by the ADR 79/02 standard which imposed tighter emissions restrictions, applicable to all vehicles of class M1 and N1 with a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 3500 kg or less, from July 1, 2008, for new models, July 1, 2010, for all models. The technical implementation of this standard is essentially the same as OBD-II, with the same SAE J1962 diagnostic link connector and signal protocols being used. OBD-II signal protocols There are five signaling protocols that are permitted with the OBD-II interface. Most vehicles implement only one of the protocols. It is often possible to deduce the protocol used based on which pins are present on the J1962 connector: SAE J1850 PWM (pulse-width modulation — 41.6 kB/sec, standard of the Ford Motor Company) pin 2: Bus+ pin 10: Bus– High voltage is +5 V Message length is restricted to 12 bytes, including CRC Employs a multi-master arbitration scheme called 'Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Non-Destructive Arbitration' (CSMA/NDA) SAE J1850 VPW (variable pulse width — 10.4/41.6 kB/sec, standard of General Motors) pin 2: Bus+ Bus idles low High voltage is +7 V Decision point is +3.5 V Message length is restricted to 12 bytes, including CRC Employs CSMA/NDA ISO 9141-2. This protocol has an asynchronous serial data rate of 10.4 kbit/s. It is somewhat similar to RS-232; however, the signal levels are different, and communications happen on a single, bidirectional line without additional handshake signals. ISO 9141-2 is primarily used in Chrysler, European, and Asian vehicles. pin 7: K-line pin 15: L-line (optional) UART signaling K-line idles high, with a 510 ohm resistor to Vbatt The active/dominant state is driven low with an open-collector driver. Message length is Max 260Bytes. Data field MAX 255. ISO 14230 KWP2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000) pin 7: K-line pin 15: L-line (optional) Physical layer identical to ISO 9141-2