from victims), the discovery of the absence of an instrumentality needed for the completion of the offense, or other circumstances that increase the probability of arrest, or decrease the probability of successful completion of the crime (e.g. proximate arrival of police). Abandonment is also invalid where the defendant simply postpones the criminal plan until another time. Under the Model Penal Code, the defendant is not guilty of an attempt if they (1) abandon the effort to commit the crime or prevent the crime from being committed, and (2) their behavior manifests a complete and voluntary renunciation of the criminal purpose (MPC § 5.01(4)). However, the renunciation is not complete if motivated in whole or part by one of the following: They postpone the criminal conduct to a more advantageous time, or to transfer the criminal effort to another but similar objective or victim. They are merely reacting to circumstances that increase the probability of detection or apprehension. They are reacting to a change in circumstances that makes the crime harder to commit. Attempts to commit specific offences Murder See Attempted murder. Manslaughter See . Rape See . See also Criminal law Impossibility defense Impossibility in Contract law People v. Superior Court (Decker) State v. Mitchell References Elements of crime Inchoate offenses