common quantity used to describe the collection efficiency of a froth flotation process is flotation recovery (). This quantity incorporates the probabilities of collision and attachment of particles to gas flotation bubbles. where: , which is the product of the probability of the particle being collected () and the number of possible particle collisions () is particle diameter is bubble diameter is a specified height within the flotation which the recovery was calculated is the particle concentration The following are several additional mathematical methods often used to evaluate the effectiveness of froth flotation processes. These equations are more simple than the calculation for flotation recovery, as they are based solely on the amounts of inputs and outputs of the processes. For the following equations: is the weight percent of feed is the weight percent concentrate is the weight percent of tailings , , and are the metallurgical assays of the concentrate, tailings, and feed, respectively Ratio of feed weight to concentrate weight (unitless) Percent of metal recovered () in wt% Percent of metal lost () in wt% Percent of weight recovered in wt% See also Deinking Dissolved air flotation (DAF) Flocculation List of waste-water treatment technologies Further reading D N Nihill, C M Stewart and P Bowen, "The McArthur River mine—the first years of operation," in: AusIMM ’98 – The Mining Cycle, Mount Isa, 19–23 April 1998 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne, 1998), 73–82. E V Manlapig, C Green, J W Parkinson and A S Murphy, "The technology and economic incentives for recovering coal from tailings impoundments," SME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 26–28 February 2001, Preprint 01-70 (Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration: Littleton, Colorado, 2001). References Further reading Froth Flotation: A Century of Innovation, by Maurice C. Fuerstenau et al. 2007, SME, 891 pp. . Google Books preview Industrial processes Water treatment Metallurgical processes Australian inventions