In Japanese traditional beliefs and literature, are a type of ghost () believed to be capable of causing harm in the world of the living, injuring or killing enemies, or even causing natural disasters to exact vengeance to "redress" the wrongs it received while alive, then taking their spirits from their dying bodies. are often depicted as wronged women, who are traumatized by what happened during life and exact revenge in death. Emperor Sutoku, Taira no Masakado, and Sugawara no Michizane are called the because they are considered to be the most powerful and revered in Japanese history. After they died with resentment and anger, there was a series of deaths of political opponents, natural disasters, and wars, and the rulers enshrined them as and deified them in Shinto shrines to appease their resentment and anger that had turned into . are used as subjects in various traditional Japanese performing arts such as Noh, Kabuki, and Rakugo; for example, is a Noh mask representing a female . The Japanese people's reverence for has been passed down to the present day. , located between skyscrapers near Tokyo Station, was to be moved several times as part of urban redevelopment projects, but each move resulted in the death of a construction worker and a series of accidents. Although the buildings surrounding the Taira no Masakado mound have been rebuilt many times, the mound has remained intact between the high-rise buildings. Even today, the mound is carefully maintained. The term is often used as a synonym for , but the term is more commonly used to refer to the that have become the object of the people's reverence after a noble person has died a politically unjust death. refers to the belief that the of people who have died unfortunate deaths cause hauntings and disasters, and the belief that they are enshrined as to appease them. Origin While the origin of is unclear, belief in their existence can be traced back to the 8th century and was based on the idea that powerful and enraged souls of the dead could influence, harm, and kill the living. The earliest cult that developed was around Prince Nagaya who died in 729; and the first record of possession by the spirit affecting health is found in the chronicle (797), which states that "'s soul harmed Genbō to death" (Hirotsugu having died in a failed insurrection, named