in the politically correct world of Black academia. Emanuel is also credited with creating a new literary genre, jazz-and-blues haiku, which he read to musical accompaniment throughout Europe and Africa. For this creation he was awarded the Sidney Bechet Creative Award in 1996. Emanuel was also awarded the Dean's Award for Distinguished Achievement in 2007 from Columbia University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and was also honored with a John Hay Whitney Award, a Saxton Memorial Fellowship, and a Special Distinction Award from the Black American Literature Forum. Criticism and letters In addition to his poetry, Emanuel also edited (with Theodore Gross) the influential anthology of African American literature Dark Symphony: Negro Literature in America. The anthology, published in 1968 by Free Press, was one of the first major collections of African-American writings. This anthology, and Emanuel's work as an educator, heavily influenced the birth of the African-American literature genre. In 2000 a collection of Emanuel letters and writings were placed in the United States Library of Congress. Included among the papers was correspondence with Gwendolyn Brooks, Ralph Ellison, Benjamin O. Davis, Ossie Davis, W. E. B. Du Bois, and many others. Emanuel also edited five Broadside Critics books (1971–1975) and wrote a number of critical essays. His other published works include a memoir, The Force and the Reckoning, published in 2001. Bibliography Langston Hughes (New York: Twayne. 192 pp.) Dark Symphony: Negro Literature in America with Theodore L. Gross (New York: Free Press. 604 pp.) The Treehouse and Other Poems (Detroit: Broadside Press. 24 pp.) Panther Man (Detroit: Broadside Press. 32 pp.) How I Write/2 with MacKinlay Kantor and Lawrence Osgood (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 256 pp.) Black Man Abroad: The Toulouse Poems(Detroit: Lotus Press. 76 pp.) A Chisel in the Dark (Poems Selected and New) (Detroit: Lotus Press. 73 pp.) A Poet's Mind (New York: Regents. 85pp.) The Broken Bowl (New and Collected Poems) (Detroit: Lotus Press. 85 pp.) Deadly James and Other Poems (Detroit: Lotus Press. 82 pp.) The Quagmire Effect Whole Grain: Collected Poems, 1958–1989 (Detroit: Lotus Press. 396 pp.) De la rage au cœur with Jean Migrenne and Michel Fabre (Thaon, France: Amiot/Lenganey. 173 pp.) Blues in Black and White Reaching for Mumia: 16 Haiku Jazz from the Haiku King The Force and the Reckoning References External links James Emanuel's homepage Dan Schneider, "Whole Grain: The Collected Poems of James A. Emanuel", The