within Rapa Nui. To describe colours for which there is not a predefined word, the noun for an object of a like colour is duplicated to form an adjective. For example: (mist) → (dark grey) (dawn) → (white) Besides forming adjectives from nouns, the reduplication of whole words can indicate a multiple or intensified action. For example: (weave) → (fold) (undo) → (take to pieces) (dive) → (go diving) There are some apparent duplicate forms for which the original form has been lost. For example: (tired) The reduplication of the initial syllable in verbs can indicate plurality of subject or object. In this example the bolded section represents the reduplication of a syllable which indicates the plurality of the subject of a transitive verb: (dance): (he/she/they is/are dancing) (they are all dancing) The reduplication of the final two syllables of a verb indicates plurality or intensity. In this example the bolded section represents the reduplication of two final syllables, indicating intensity or emphasis: (tell): (Tell the story) (Tell the whole story) Borrowed words Rapa Nui incorporates a number of borrowed words in which constructions such as consonant clusters or word-final consonants occur, though they do not occur naturally in the language. Historically, the practice was to transliterate unfamiliar consonants, insert vowels between clustered consonants and append word-final vowels where necessary. e.g.: Britain (English loanword) → Peretane (Rapa Nui rendering) More recently, loanwords – which come primarily from Spanish – retain their consonant clusters. For example, "litro" (litre). Word Classes Rapa Nui can be said to have a basic two-way distinction in its words, much like other Polynesian languages. That is between full words, and particles. Full words occur in the head of the phrase and are mostly open classes (exceptions like locationals exist). Particles occur in fixed positions before or after the head, and have a high frequency. There also exists an intermediate category, Pro-Forms, which occur in the head of a phrase, and can be preceded or followed by a particle. Unlike full words, they do not have lexical meaning, and like particles, form a closed class. Pro-forms include personal, possessive and benefactive pronouns, as well as interrogative words. Additionally, two other intermediate categories are the negator (ina) and the numerals. While both of them form a closed class, they are able to function as phrase nuclei. Demonstratives Rapa Nui doesn't have one class of demonstratives, instead it has