lower growth as a mature economy, and IBJ expanded its customer base at home, and started the process of expansion overseas. In Japan, the wholesaling of bank debentures to major financial institutions and the regional banks led to a network of strong relationships. This was all supported by the fact that, originally a public-sector bank, IBJ had no keiretsu affiliations: IBJ has always been independent of the large corporate groupings characteristic of Japan and was hence number 2 banker to each and all of the major keiretsu groupings. Internationally, IBJ was free to pursue its investment banking ambitions. See also Mizuho Financial Group Mizuho Corporate Bank Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Fuji Bank Economy of Japan References Banks disestablished in 2002 Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange Defunct banks of Japan Mizuho Financial Group Banks established in 1902 Japanese companies established in 1902 Fuyo Group Financial services companies based in Tokyo