Commission for Optics The ICO Congresses are held every three years; they include a General Business Meeting as requested by the statutes and a Scientific Meeting that covers most of research topics in optics and photonics. Dates and locations of ICO Congresses: (preliminary meetings had been held in Czechoslovakia and France). Structure The ICO General Assembly of all Members is the ruling body and is convened every three years during the ICO General Congress. The ICO Bureau conducts all ICO business between General Assemblies, and consists of: Elected officers: ICO President, Past President, Secretary, Associate Secretary, Treasurer 8 elected Vice Presidents 1 Vice Presidents designed by each International Member Society 1 IUPAP representative The ICO Executive Committee consists of the elected officers and advises the ICO Bureau in all decisions required for the day-to day operation between General Assemblies. The ICO Secretariat ensures the day-to-day planning and operations under the guidance of the elected Executive Committee. The ICO Associate Secretariat deals with requests for ICO endorsement and/or support to schools, meetings and conferences Committees: Committee for Regional Development of Optics, Education Committee, Traveling Lecturer Committee, Long Range Strategic Planning Committee and four Award Committees. Finances The provenience of ICO financial resources are the contributions from its members. Members (A) Associate member Observer The Quantum Electronics and Optics Division of the European Physical Society QEOD/EPS ICO Presidents 2014-2017: Yasuhiko Arakawa, Center for Photonic and Electronic Convergence, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 2011-2014: Duncan T. MOORE, The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, USA. 2008-2011: Maria L. Calvo, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Department of Optics, Madrid, Spain. 2005-2008: Ari T. Friberg, University of Eastern Finland, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Joensuu, Finland. 2002-2005: René Dandliker, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland 1999-2002: Arthur H. Guenther, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1996-1999: Toshimitsu Asakura, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan. 1993-1996: Anna Consortini, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi, Firenze, Italy. 1990-1993: Christopher Dainty, Imperial College, London, UK 1987-1990: Joseph W. Goodman, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA. 1984-1981: Serge Lowenthal, Institut d’Optique, Faculté des Sciences, Orsay, France. 1981-1984: J. Tsujiuchi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 1978-1981: Adolf W. Lohmann, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. 1975-1978: Kenneth M. Baird, Canadian National Research Council, Canada. 1972-1975: William H. Steel, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) National Standards Laboratory, Australia. 1969-1972: Harold