original skeptics. Aside from the question of whether or not "zombie powder" contains significant amounts of TTX, the underlying concept of "tetrodotoxin zombification" has also been questioned more directly on a physiological basis. TTX, which blocks sodium channels on the neural membrane, produces numbness, slurred speech, and possibly, paralysis or even respiratory failure and death in severe cases. As an isolated pharmacological agent, it is not known to produce the trance-like or "mental slave" state typical of the zombies of Haitian mythology, or of Davis's descriptions. This criticism can be countered by pointing to the datura mentioned in Davis's research. In and of itself, datura can produce these trance-like symptoms, and if a part of regular meals, could cause (or contribute to) the maintained stupor. Datura ingestions may present with prolonged toxic effects lasting hours to days. Biochemist Jessika Jake has noted that bromism also may be at play here. In his account of his release, Clairvius Narcisse reported that the master's wife fed salt to the enslaved and set them free. Administering NaCl helps the body excrete bromide, and thus is a known treatment for bromism. Symptoms of bromism include stupor, slurred speech, abnormal gait, and other symptoms described in zombie folklore (such as "behavior [that] can become violent, especially at night", skin rashes, and enlarged pupils). Further investigation into the bromide source, which may be as simple as the use of bromide salts when preparing food for the enslaved, should be addressed. Personal life Davis is married. He and his wife, Gail Percy, have lived in several places, sometimes with concurrent residences in Washington, D.C., Vancouver, the Stikine Valley of northern British Columbia, and Bowen Island near Vancouver. They have two adult daughters, Tara and Raina. On April 13, 2018, Davis was granted Colombian nationality and citizenship by President Juan Manuel Santos. Awards and accolades 2002: Lowell Thomas Medal (The Explorers Club) 2002: Lannan Foundation $125,000 prize for literary non-fiction 2003: Honorary Degree (Doctorate of Sciences) from University of Victoria 2004: Honorary Member of The Explorers Club, one of twenty 2008: Honorary Degree, University of Guelph 2009: Gold Medal of The Royal Canadian Geographical Society 2009: Speaker for the Massey Lectures, for his publication, The Wayfinders 2011: The Explorers Medal — the highest award of The Explorers Club 2010: Honorary Degree, Colorado College 2010: Honorary Doctorate of Laws, University of Northern British Columbia 2012: David Fairchild Medal for