forces under Aguinaldo and the American Expeditionary forces were high. The Filipinos felt betrayed by the Americans. They had looked on the Americans as liberators aiding against Spanish occupation. On February 4, a U.S. Army private fired the first shot at a Filipino revolutionary soldier and Filipino revolutionary forces returned fire. This began the Battle of Manila of 1899. Aguinaldo sent a ranking member of his staff to Elwell Stephen Otis, the U.S. military commander, with the message that the firing had been against his orders. Otis replied, "The fighting, having begun, must go on to the grim end." See also Battles of the Spanish–American War References Bibliography Further reading External links Home of heroes Spanish–American War Manila 1898 1898 in the Philippines Manila (1898), Battle of Manila (1898) Manila (1898), Battle of Manila August 1898 events Manila Manila (1898) Manila