was once rendered as poroporema, are now often integrated with minimal or no change. Spanish words are still often used within Rapanui grammatical rules, though some word order changes are occurring and it is argued that Rapanui may be undergoing a shift from VSO to the Spanish SVO. This example sentence was recorded first in 1948 and again in 2001 and its expression has changed from VSO to SVO. 'They both suffer and weep' 1948: he aroha, he tatagi ararua 2001: ararua he aroha he tatagi Rapa Nui's indigenous Rapanui toponymy has survived with few Spanish additions or replacements, a fact that has been attributed in part to the survival of the Rapa Nui language. This contrasts with the toponymy of continental Chile, which has lost many of its indigenous names. Phonology Rapa Nui has ten consonants and five vowels. Consonants As present generation Rapa Nui speak Spanish as their first language in younger years and learn Rapa Nui later in life, flap in word-initial position can be pronounced alveolar trill . Vowels {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! ! Front ! Central ! Back |- ! High | | | |- ! Mid | | | |- ! Low | | | |} All vowels can be either long or short and are always long when they are stressed in the final position of a word. Most vowel sequences are present, with the exception of *uo. The only sequence of three identical vowels is , also spelled ('yes'). Orthography Written Rapanui uses the Latin script. The Latin alphabet for Rapanui consists of 20 letters: A, Ā, E, Ē, H, I, Ī, K, M, N, Ŋ, O, Ō, P, R, T, U, Ū, V, The nasal velar consonant is generally written with the Latin letter , but occasionally as . In electronic texts, the glottal plosive may be written with a (always lower-case) saltillo to avoid the problems of using the punctuation mark . A special letter, , is sometimes used to distinguish the Spanish , occurring in introduced terms, from the Rapa Nui . Similarly, has been written to distinguish it from Spanish g. The IPA letter is now also coming into use. Morphology Syllable structure Syllables in Rapa Nui are CV (consonant-vowel) or V (vowel). There are no consonant clusters or word-final consonants. Reduplication The reduplication of whole nouns or syllable parts performs a variety of different functions