in 4 decades and their cost is expected to continue to drop. Design considerations: Even though sunlight has no lifespan, PV cells do. In the 1980's the lifetime of a solar module was approximately 30 years. Stationary photovoltaic panels then often came with a warranty of 90% (from nominal power) after 10 years and 80% after 25 years. Mobile applications are unlikely to require lifetimes as long as building integrated PV and solar parks. To be successful in mobile applications, PV panels need to be designed to withstand vibrations. See also Electric aircraft Electric boat Frisian Solar Challenge Kit car List of solar car teams List of prototype solar-powered cars Plug-in hybrid Solar balloon Solar Golf Cart South African Solar Challenge Sunmobile The Quiet Achiever Tour de Sol References External links Photovoltaics