sparing: Amsler Grid can be used to detect and accurately measure macular sparing. Types There are 7 types of Amsler grid charts. All charts measure , which when viewed at a distance of from the eye can be used to measure defects in the central 20 degrees of the visual field. Chart 1 Chart 1 is the basic version, which is the most familiar and widely used chart among all the charts. In this chart the grid consists of 0.5 cm squares (each for 1° visual field), which totally measures 10 cm X 10 cm size. Most commonly grid is in white color with black background. Grid with black lines in white background is also available (see infobox picture). Chart 2 Chart 2 is similar to chart 1, but it has diagonal cross lines, which assist correct fixation in case of central scotoma. Chart 3 Chart 3 is also identical to chart 1, but color is red on black. Stimulating long wavelength foveal cones, this type of chart may help in detecting color scotomas and desaturation which may occur in toxic maculopathies, toxic optic neuropathies and pituitary tumors etc. Chart 4 Chart 4 has no lines, only a random pattern of white dots in black background. It was intended to differentiate areas of scotoma and metamorphopsia. Chart 5 Chart 5 has central white dot and horizontal white lines on black background 5mm apart, which allow detecting metamorphopsia. Chart 6 Chart 6 is similar to chart 5, but lines and central dot is in black on white background. The lines near to fixation points are closer than the chart 5. Chart 7 Chart 7 is similar to chart 1, however central squares are further divided into 0.5 degree squares. Procedure Before starting the test, patient's near and distance vision should be corrected to normal. If the patient is wearing spectacles, testing should be done with glasses only especially if you have near glasses. In a well illuminated room, ask the patient to hold the grid 12 to 15 inches away from the face. Ask to cover one eye with hand or occluder and look directly at the center black dot. While looking directly at the center dot, and observe the grid whether patient can see all corners and sides of grid. If any lines or areas look blurry, wavy, dark or blank mark that area in chart and consult ophthalmologist. Follow