Motivated by jealousy of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá he conspired to undermine his brother's leadership, but he was unable to gain extensive support from the Baháʼís. When ʻAbdu'l-Bahá died, his will went into great detail about how Muhammad ʻAlí had been unfaithful to the Covenant, labelling him a Covenant-breaker, and appointing Shoghi Effendi his successor instead. Muhammad ʻAlí was described by Shoghi Effendi as the "Arch-Breaker of Baháʼu'lláh's Covenant". Muhammad ʻAlí died in 1937. He is buried in one of the two private Bahá'í cemeteries in a square mausoleum covered with a white dome. Ḍíyáʼu'lláh Ḍíyáʼu'lláh (ضياء الله, alternate spelling: Zíyáʼu'lláh) was born August 15, 1864 in Edirne (Adrianople). He swayed in loyalty between his brothers, and was labelled a Covenant-breaker. He married Thurayyá Samandarí, daughter of Shaykh Kázim-i-Samandar and sister of Tarázʼu'lláh Samandarí, a Hand of the Cause of God. The marriage was childless, and according to Samandar's memoirs, Muhammad ʻAlí had prevented her from returning to him. He died on October 30, 1898, in Haifa. Ḍíyáʼu'lláh was initially buried next to his father at the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh at the Mansion of Bahjí. However, having been declared a Covenant-breaker, Ḍíyáʼu'lláh's remains were later disinterred and moved. Badíʻu'lláh Badíʻu'lláh Effendí was born in Adrianople in 1867. For much of his life he supported his brother's challenge to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's authority as Centre of the Covenant. However, in 1903 Badíʻu'lláh rejected Muhammad-ʻAlí, and delivered his loyalty to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and circulated an open letter denouncing Muhammad-ʻAlí, known as Badíʻu'lláh's epistle; however his loyalty to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was short lived. He died in Israel on November 1, 1950. His father gave him the title G͟husn-i-Anwar (“The Most Luminous Branch”). Badiʻu'llah married Alia Khanum. His daughter Sadhij was a militant leader of women's rights in Palestine, and married Najib Nassar. Others Mahd-i-'Ulya bore at least two other children: ʻAlí Muhammad who died at the age of 2 in Baghdad. Sád͟hijíyyih K͟hánum who was born in Baghdad and died at the age of 2 in Constantinople. Gawhar Gawhar was born in Kashan to a Bábí family of the city. She was brought to Baghdad by her brother Mirza Mihdiy-i-Kashani with his intention reportedly being for her to serve the household and Ásíyih Khánum. Baháʼu'lláh married her some time around 1862. When Baháʼu'lláh left Baghdad in 1863, unlike the other two wives, Gawhar remained in Baghdad. During her time in Baghdad she stayed and lived with her brother. Shortly afterwards,