Dolors began, located on the same place as the former churches. The most ancient of them had been documented in 1232 and had possibly been built upon an Arab mosque. The bell tower of the present church, an emblem of the town, measures 75 metres. In 1897 the first factory of artificial pearls, the famous Majorica, was founded. So Manacor became the business and industrial centre of Llevant. In 1912 Manacor received the title of town. In 1936, during the Spanish Civil War, there was an attempted landing of republican forces in the shores of Porto Cristo that was repelled by the fascist forces. The mayor of Manacor, Antoni Amer Llodrà "Garanya", was assassinated by the fascists. Geography The relief is not very pronounced. It takes in three areas: the flat region of the Pla, where the town of Manacor stands; the Serra de Llevant, characterised by its soft relief; and the Marina, which is formed by white gritty stone and inclines down to the sea. These limestone karsts have favoured the appearance of caves. The most outstanding for their beauty are the Dragon Caves and the Fishhook Caves. Near the coast, there is one of the longest underwater caves known in Europe : the Gleda-Camp des Pou system. It has more than 13 km in length. A wide range of coves embellish the coast of Manacor: S'illot, Cala Morlanda, Cala Petita, Porto Cristo, Cala Anguila, Cala Mendia, s'Estany d'en Mas, Cala Falcó, Cala Varques, Cala Sequer, Cala Magraner, Cala Pilota, Cala Virgili, Cala Bota, Cala Antena, Cala Domingos and Cala Murada. The climate is Mediterranean, with typically mild winters and hot summers. During the months of July and August, the weather is hot and sunny, boasting around 11 hours of sun daily. During the winter, the weather can get chilly, but mild. The average annual temperature is between 16 and 17 °C. The forest area represents little more than 20% of the whole area. Pine forest is found in the mountainous areas but there are hardly any survivals of the indigenous holm-oak woodlands. The cultivated land represents 74% of the area. The agricultural landscape is characterized by almond trees, cereals, fig trees, carob trees and vineyard. The cultivation of vegetables is focused on melon, pepper and lettuce. The town of Manacor is crossed by the Sa Cabana stream. This stream flows into the Na Borges stream, the most important