in later educational competition. Many students in Korea start kindergarten at the Western age of three and will, therefore, continue to study in kindergarten for three or four years, before starting their formal education in grade one of primary school. Many private kindergartens offer classes in English to give students a head start in the mandatory English education they will receive later in public school. Kindergartens often pay homage to the expectations of parents with impressive courses, graduation ceremonies, complete with diplomas and gowns. Korean kindergartens are expected to teach basic math, reading, and writing to children, including education on how to count, add, subtract, and read and write in Korean, and often in English and Chinese as well. Children in Korean kindergartens are also taught using games focused on education and coordination, such as "playing doctor" to teach body parts, food and nutrition, and adult occupations. Singing, dancing, and memorization are a big part of Korean kindergarten education. Primary education Elementary schools (, chodeung hakgyo) consists of grades one to six (age 8 to age 13 in Korean years—7 to 12 in western years). The South Korean government changed its name to the current form from Citizens' school (. In elementary school, students learn the following subjects. The curriculum differs from grades 1–2 to grades 3–6. Grades 1–2: We Are First Graders () (grade 1 only) Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) Mathematics Disciplined Life () Sensible Life () Enjoyable Life () The above three classes changed a few years ago into "Spring (봄, Bom)", "Summer (여름, Yeoreum)", "Fall (가을, Ga-eul)", "Winter (겨울, Gyeo-ul)" Physical Education Grades 3–6: Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) English Moral Education Social Studies Mathematics Science Art Music Practical Arts Physical Education Usually, the class teacher covers most of the subjects; however, there are some specialised teachers in professions such as physical education and foreign languages, including English. Those who wish to become a primary school teacher must major in primary education, which is specially designed to cultivate primary school teachers. In Korea, most of the primary teachers are working for public primary schools. Because corporal punishment has been officially and legally prohibited in every classroom since 2011, many teachers and some parents raised with corporal punishment are becoming more concerned about what they see as worsening discipline problems. Some teachers continue to use corporal punishment discreetly. Secondary education In 1987, there were approximately 4,895,354 students