Powerful": Uroš IV of Serbia "~ the Precious": Stephen II of Serbia "~ the Priest Hater": Eric II of Norway "~ the Prior of Crato": Anthony I of Portugal (, a reference to his position as Master of the Portuguese branch of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitaller) before his acclamation as King) "~ the Proud": Simeon of Moscow Tarquin the Proud () "~ the Prudent": Louis XI of France (French: Louis le Prudent) Philip II of Spain () "~ the Purple-Born" (Greek Porphyrogenetes): Baldwin II of Constantinople Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor Q "~ the Quarreller": Frederick of Saxony Louis X of France "~ the Queen of Sad Mischance": Isabella II of Spain () "~ the Quiet": Olaf III of Norway R "~ the Rash": James III of Majorca "~ the Red": Håkan of Sweden () Fulk I of Anjou John I, Duke of Brittany Odo I, Duke of Burgundy () Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor William II of England (Latin: William Rufus) Rupert I, Elector Palatine () Ralph I, Count of Clermont () "~ the Red King": Macbeth of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: ) "~ the Redemptress": Isabel of Brazil () "~ the Redless" or "~ the Redeless": Ethelred II of England () "~ the Reformer": Joseph I of Portugal () "~ the Resistant": Anthony I of Portugal () "~ the Restorer": Casimir I of Poland () García Ramírez of Navarre Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire John IV of Portugal () "~ the Righteous": Rupert of Germany () Henry IV of Silesia () () Frederick IV, Elector Palatine () "~ the Rightly Guided": Harun al-Rashid () "~ the Romanslayer": Kaloyan (Bulgarian: Калоян ромеубиеца) "~ Roundhead": Ragnvald of Sweden (; the exact meaning of the nickname is unclear) S "~ the Sacrificer": Sweyn of Sweden (; unclear if "Sven" was his actual name or part of the nickname) "~ the Sacristan": Peter III of Portugal () "~ the Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom "~ the Saint": Edward the Confessor, also known as Saint Edward Ferdinand III of Castile () Lulach of Scotland Louis IX of France () William X, Duke of Aquitaine Leopold III, Margrave of Austria () Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia () Raymond Benergar IV, Count of Barcelona () "~ the Saver of Europe": Tervel of Bulgaria "~ the Savior": Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy IX Soter Antiochus I Soter Demetrius