for "Dyfnwal the Old") of Alt Clut Emund II of Sweden Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1495–1540 Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" () George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620–1623 Gorm of Denmark Guthrum Haakon IV of Norway Igor of Kiev Michael II of Beloozero (1432–1486) Mieszko III of Poland Pippin of Landen Raymond VI of Toulouse Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232); also "the Kind" Sigismund I of Poland Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380) William, Count of Nassau, 1538–1559 "The Old Dessauer": Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige): John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel William I, Margrave of Meissen "~ the One-Eyed": Fortun I of Pamplona Antigonus I Monophthalmus Wenceslaus I of Bohemia Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse "The Oppressed": Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen () "~ the Oppressor": Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: ) "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250–1295) "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France P "~ the Pacific": Peter II of Portugal () "~ the Painter-King": Charles I of Portugal () Louis I of Portugal () "~ the Pale": Constantius I, Roman Emperor "~ the Patriot": Manuel II of Portugal () "~ the Peaceful": Edgar of England Olaf III of Norway Aymon, Count of Savoy Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy "~ the Peacemaker": Alexander III of Russia Alfonso XII of Spain () "~ the Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal () "~ the Philosopher" or "~ the Philosopher King": Edward of Portugal ( or ) "~ the Pilgrim: Ermengol II, Count of Urgell () () Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg () "~ the Pious": Boleslav II of Bohemia Edward VI, King of England John III of Portugal () Louis I of France () Maria I of Portugal () Philip III of Spain () Robert II of France () Sancho II of Portugal () William V, Duke of Bavaria () Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg () "~ Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark "~ the Poet" or "~ the Poet King": Denis of Portugal ( or ) "The Poet Prince": Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd "~ the Poison King": Mithridates VI of Pontus "~ the Popular": Louis I of Portugal () "~ the Populator": Sancho I of Portugal () "~ the Posthumous": John I of France Ladislaus I of Bohemia Theobald IV of Champagne "~ the