Danzig is established in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, as a contentious compromise between the generally nationalist German majority in the city, and Poland's right to free and secure access to the sea. December 24 Bloody Christmas: Italy occupies Fiume after five days of resistance from Gabriele D'Annunzio's legionnaires. 1921 March 4 Warren G. Harding is inaugurated as President of the United States. March 7–17 Red Army mutineers and Russian civilians seize the strategic city of Kronstadt in the Kronstadt Rebellion, demanding expanded civilian rights and an end to the Bolshevik monopoly on Soviet politics. After several days and several thousand casualties, the rebellion is crushed by Bolshevik forces from neighboring Petrograd. March 18 The Polish–Soviet War ends with the Peace of Riga. April 24 The Fiuman electorate approves the idea of a Free State of Fiume. August 25 The U.S.–German Peace Treaty and the U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty are signed, marking the formal end of the state of war between the two states and the United States instead of the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Saint-Germain that were not ratified by the United States. August 29 The U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty is signed, marking the formal end of the state of war between the two states instead of the Treaty of Trianon that was not ratified by the United States. November 9 Foundation of the Italian National Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini during the Third Fascist Congress in Rome. 1922 February 6 The Washington Naval Conference ends with the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty by the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. The signing parties agree to limit the size of their naval forces. March The first German officers travel to the Soviet Union for the purposes of military cooperation between Germany and the Soviet Union. April 16 Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty of Rapallo, re-establishing diplomatic relations, renouncing financial claims on each other, and pledging future economic cooperation. October The Russian Civil War (ongoing since 7 November 1917) ends in Bolshevik victory with the defeat of the last White forces in Siberia. October 11 Armistice of Mudanya is signed in the Turkish War of Independence. October 29 Fascist leader Benito Mussolini is appointed prime minister of Italy by king Victor Emmanuel III after the March on Rome. November 1 The Grand National Assembly of Turkey abolishes the Ottoman Sultanate. 1923