prepositional case is called the dative by convention. Verbs conjugate for 3 tenses: past, present, future; 3 aspects: simple, perfective, imperfective; 4 moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, imperative; 2 voices: active, and passive; independent, and dependent forms; and simple, and complex forms. Verbs display tense, aspect, mood, voice, and sometimes portmanteau forms through suffixes, or stem vowel changes for the former four. Proclitics form a verbal complex with the core verb, and the verbal complex is often preceded by preverbal particles such as (negative marker), (interrogative marker), (perfective marker). Direct object personal pronouns are infixed between the preverb and the verbal stem. Verbs agree with their subject in person and number. A single verb can stand as an entire sentence. Emphatic particles such as -sa and -se are affixed to the end of the verb. Prepositions inflect for person and number, and different prepositions govern different cases, sometimes depending on the semantics intended. See also Early Irish literature Dictionary of the Irish Language Auraicept na n-Éces Goidelic substrate hypothesis Notes References Bibliography External links An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language MacBain, Alexander Gairm Publications, 1982 Old Irish dictionary Old Irish Online by Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel and Jonathan Slocum, free online lessons at the Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin eDIL (digital edition of the Dictionary of the Irish Language) glottothèque - Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of introductory videos to Ancient Indo-European languages produced by the University of Göttingen Languages attested from the 8th century Medieval Ireland Irish, 1 Culture of medieval Scotland