determine the winning positions. Betting Fan-Tan uses a fixed-odds betting system where all winning wagers are paid according to the true odds of success. The pool of money used to pay off bets is the total amount wagered on all positions, less a house commission, which ranges from 5% to 25% depending on the time and place. Because the prizes are paid entirely out of the wagers, the game is relatively inexpensive to operate. Culin (1891) describes four potential bets: "Fan", in which the wager is on a single position to win. "Hong", in which the wager is on three positions, one of which (the primary bet) is selected to win; if either of the other two positions (the two secondary bets) are selected, the bettor does not lose, but it is considered a push and the bettor's money is returned. "Kwok", in which the wager is on two positions (two primary bets); if either is selected, the bettor wins. "Nim", in which the wager is again on two positions, one of which is selected to win (one primary bet), and the other (one secondary bet) is selected to push. In the modern game, the "Hong" (row) bet is usually replaced by two alternative three-number bets. The first of these is the "Tan" or "Nga Tan" bet (). Two positions are chosen as the primary wager, and one position is chosen as the secondary "push" wager; there are twelve possible combinations of this type of bet, and each position has six corresponding primary and three secondary wagers. For example, the six bets that include position 1 as the primary wager are 1-24, 1-23, 1-32; 1-42, 1-43, and 1-34; and the three bets that include position 1 as the secondary "push" wager are 2-41, 2-31, and 3-41, so any single position will result in a win for of the "Tan" bets and a push for of them. The second three-number bet that can be made is an all-primary wager, known as "Sheh Sam Hong", sometimes romanized as "Shen Sam Hong" ( or ), where any one of the three numbers will win. There are four combinations of the three numbers: 1-2-3, 2-3-4, 3-4-1, or 4-1-2, so any single position will result in a win for of the "SSH" bets. The payout for the "Tan" and "SSH" bets is correspondingly lower, based on the increased odds of winning, and the two modern