Philippines through formal American education system in universities. Academic Philosophic Psychology or Akademiko-pilosopiya na Sikolohiya: This was started by priest-professors at the University of Santo Tomas during the 17th century Spanish era. This tradition originally came from the writings of the preachers and monks in philosophy and "pre-scientific" Spanish elites and would later join with the American-oriented scientific psychology. Ethnic Psychology or Taal na Sikolohiya: this is the Philippine indigenous psychology in the sense that this includes the frame of psychological reasoning, enculturation practices, beliefs, and proto-clinical practices that can be culled from language, literature, myths, legends, etc. This also includes psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with Filipino indigenous elements as basis (e.g. Hermano Pule, Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes, Kalaw, etc.) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the Filipino) as formulated by Virgilio Enriquez. Psycho-medical Systems or Siko-medikal na mga Sistema: A psychological tradition that is closely related to ethnic psychology. The psycho-medical tradition that has religion as the basis and explanation. This includes the faith healing practices of the babaylan and the katalonan. According to Salazar, he believes that "no real healing could take place if there were no common ideology or frame of reference… understood and accepted by both healer and patient." Basic tenets Core value or Kapwa (shared inner self) Kapwa is the core construct of Filipino Psychology. Kapwa has two categories, Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao. Ibang Tao ("outsider") There are five interaction levels under this category: Pakikitungo: civility – right behavior meant right demeanor towards authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.). Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing – This is a social value that is primarily communitarian. It espouses the ability to adapt. Pakikilahok: act of joining – This translates to participation of the entire community to help a person. Pakikibagay: conformity – This runs into conflict with individuality which many Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in favor of conformity with demands of those who are in charge. Pakikisama: being united with the group. Hindi Ibang Tao ("one-of-us") There are three interaction levels under this category: Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: it is the act of mutual trust Pakikisangkot: act of joining others Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others Pivotal interpersonal value Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions. Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others' emotions, as a basic tool to guide their dealings with other people. Linking socio-personal value Kagandahang-Loob: Shared humanity. This refers to being able to