neonatal hemangiomatosis DiGeorge syndrome Encephalocele Gastroschisis Hemolytic disease of the newborn Hirschsprung disease Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Inborn errors of metabolism Intraventricular hemorrhage Lissencephaly Meconium aspiration syndrome Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonatal abstinence syndrome Neonatal cancer Neonatal jaundice Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome Neonatal lupus erythematosus Neonatal conjunctivitis Neonatal pneumonia Neonatal tetanus Neonatal sepsis Neonatal bowel obstruction Neonatal stroke Neonatal diabetes mellitus Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia Neonatal herpes simplex Neonatal hemochromatosis Neonatal meningitis Neonatal hepatitis Neonatal hypoglycemia Neonatal cholestasis Neonatal seizure Omphalocele Patent ductus arteriosus Perinatal asphyxia Periventricular leukomalacia Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Persistent truncus arteriosus Pulmonary hypoplasia Retinopathy of prematurity Spina bifida Spinal muscular atrophy Supraventricular tachycardia Tetralogy of Fallot Total (or partial) anomalous pulmonary venous connection Tracheoesophageal fistula Transient tachypnea of the newborn Transposition of the great vessels Tricuspid atresia Trisomy 13/18/21 VACTERL/VATER association Ventricular septal defect Vertically transmitted infections Compensation Neonatologists earn significantly more than general pediatricians. In 2018, a typical pediatrician salary in the United States ranged from $221,000 to $264,000, whereas the average salary for a neonatologist was about $299,000 to $355,000. Hospital costs Premature birth is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization. The average hospital costs from 2003 to 2011 for the maternal and neonatal surgical services were the lowest hospital costs in the U.S. In 2012, maternal or neonatal hospital stays constituted the largest proportion of hospitalizations among infants, adults aged 18–44, and those covered by Medicaid. Between 2000 and 2012, the number of neonatal stays (births) in the United States fluctuated around 4.0 million stays, reaching a high of 4.3 million in 2006. Maternal and neonatal stays constituted 27 percent of hospital stays in the United States in 2012. However, the mean hospital costs remained the lowest of the three types of hospital stay (medical, surgical, or maternal and neonatal). The mean hospital cost for a maternal/neonatal stay was $4,300 in 2012 (as opposed to $8,500 for medical stays and $21,200 for surgical stays in 2012). Encouragingly, an increasing number of programs focused on collaboration of newborn care are now being established all over the world. The International Neonatal Consortium Newborn Care International, Newborn Care International, and the Global Newborn Society are some notable examples. The goal is to organize and standardize newborn care, and coordinate research efforts. References Neonatology