wherein three microphones were set up at different distances from the singer, each opening up when Bowie sang at the appropriate volume. Overdubs and mixing Bowie invited several musicians to Allaire to contribute overdubs. They included Toy guitarist Gerry Leonard, Visconti associate singer Kristeen Young and keyboardist Jordan Rudess, who had worked with Bowie and Visconti during their pre-Toy sessions. Rudess revealed at the time: "Bowie doesn't like a lot of options. He has a good idea of how he wants the end result to sound, so practically what's on his demo is close to what he wants." Bowie's former guitarist Carlos Alomar, last seen on the 1995 Outside Tour, contributed overdubs in mid-October. Additionally, Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl guested on a cover of Neil Young's "I've Been Waiting for You", having performed with Bowie at his 50th birthday concert in January 1997, while the Who's Pete Townshend played parts for "Slow Burn". Townshend, who guested on "Because You're Young" from Scary Monsters, later told fans that Heathen was "surprising, moving, poetic, in a musical and visionary sense." Mixing for Heathen began at Looking Glass in October 2001. Here, Visconti reworked the Mark Plati-produced Toy track "Afraid" to have it match the new material. He, Bowie and Alomar also recorded vocals and guitars for "Everyone Says 'Hi", which was completed at Sub Urban Studios in London with production by Brian Rawling and Gary Miller. Miller said that he primarily worked off the vocals: "It started off like a remix, but ended up as a fully-fledged production." Overdubbing continued on and off until January 2002. Visconti added contributions from the Scorchio Quartet (Greg Kitzis, Meg Okura, Martha Mooke, Mary Wooten), who previously played with Bowie at the Tibet House Benefit Concert in February 2000, and the Borneo Horns (Lenny Pickett, Stan Harrison, Steve Elson), last seen on Never Let Me Down (1987). Other credited players on Heathen include drummer Sterling Campbell and bassist Tony Levin of King Crimson. Outtakes from the sessions included "Wood Jackson", "When the Boys Came Marching Home", "Fly" and a new version of "Safe", a track Bowie and Visconti recorded for The Rugrats Movie in 1998, but ultimately cut from the film. Bowie later remarked that "the hard part was knowing which songs not to include [on the final album]". Music and lyrics The standard edition of Heathen contains 12 songs, of which nine are originals