have argued there is an ethical imperative for open-source hardware – specifically with respect to open-source appropriate technology for sustainable development. In 2014, he also wrote the book Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs, which details the development of free and open-source hardware primarily for scientists and university faculty. Pearce in partnership with Elsevier introduced a scientific journal HardwareX. It has featured many examples of applications of open-source hardware for scientific purposes. See also Computer numeric control (CNC) Fab lab Hardware backdoor HardwareX Open innovation Open manufacturing Open Source Ecology Open-source robotics Rapid prototyping Reuse RISC-V—an open-source computer instruction set architecture Simputer NVDLA References Further reading Building Open Source Hardware: DIY Manufacturing for Hackers and Makers by Alicia Gibb, Addison Wesley, 7 Dec. 2014, Open Source Hardware A Complete Guide by Gerardus Blokdyk, 5STARCooks, 15 Mar. 2021, Open Source Hardware Technology Paperback by Fouad Soliman, Sanaa A. Kamh, Karima A. Mahmoud, Publisher : Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 24 Mar. 2020, Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs by Joshua M. Pearce, Elsevier, 17 Dec. 2013, Free culture movement Open-source economics