regarding the establishment date of the Satavahana kingdom, it is difficult to give absolute dates for the reigns of the Satavahana kings. Therefore, many modern scholars do not assign absolute dates to the reigns of the historically attested Satavahana kings, and those who do vary greatly with each other. List based on Archeology Himanshu Prabha Ray provides the following chronology, based on archaeological and numismatic evidence: Simuka (before 100 BCE) Kanha (100–70 BCE) Satakarni I (70–60 BCE) Satakarni II (50–25 BCE) Kshatrapa interregnum with vassal Satavahana kings like Hāla Nahapana (54-100 CE) Gautamiputra Satakarni (86–110 CE) Pulumavi (110–138 CE) Vashishtiputra Satakarni (138–145 CE) Shiva Shri Pulumavi (145–152 CE) Shiva Skanda Satakarni (145–152 CE) Yajna Shri Satakarni (152–181 CE) Vijaya Satakarni Regional rulers of south-eastern Deccan: Chandra Shri Pulumavi II Abhira Isvarasena Madhariputra Sakasena Haritiputra Satakarni Puranic lists The various Puranas give different lists of the Satavahana rulers. The Matsya Purana states that 30 Andhra kings ruled for 460 years, but some of its manuscripts name only 19 kings whose reigns add up to 448.5 years. The Vayu Purana also mentions that there were 30 Andhra kings, but its various manuscripts name only 17, 18, and 19 kings respectively; the reigns add up to 272.5, 300, and 411 years respectively. Many of these kings are not attested by historical evidence. On the other hand, some Satavahana kings attested by numismatic evidence (such as Rudra Satakarni) are not mentioned in the Puranas at all. Different scholars have explained these anomalies in different ways. Scholars such as R. G. Bhandarkar, D. C. Sircar and H. C. Raychaudhuri theorised that the Vayu Purana mentions only the main imperial branch of the dynasty, while the Matsya Purana puts together princes of all its branches. The names of the Andhra kings (in IAST), as mentioned in the various Puranas, are given below. These names vary across different manuscripts of the same Puranas, and some names are missing in some of the manuscripts. The list given below for each Purana contains the most exhaustive version. In the Puranas, Krishna (IAST: Kṛṣṇa) is described as brother of the first king, who overthrew the Kanva king Susharman. All other kings are described as sons of their predecessors. The first king of the Andhra-Bhrityas is also known as Shudraka or Suraka in the Kumarika Khanda of Skanda Purana (not present in the table below). Purana-based lists S. Nagaraju relies on