social thinking, by moving from the worker question (with its attendant concerns of just wages, private property, working environment, and labor associations) to the broader and richer social benchmark of integral human development." Pope Benedict has also been a critic of capitalism, characterizing it as a system that recognizes no duties or obligations towards human beings, and credits it with creating a destructive type of individualism which "encourages selfishness, as men are concerned exclusively with what they should receive from society and unconcerned with what they can or should contribute to it." According to Benedict, Catholic teaching recognizes common good as key requirement to prosperity, whereas capitalism disregards it for pursuit of profit, leading to exploitation and erosion of moral limitations. Benedict also expressed concern with the role of charity in capitalism, criticizing capitalism for its indifference towards charity and discouraging interest in others in favor of self-interest. Lastly, Pope Benedicts blames capitalism for growing sense of alienation and anomie in modern societies. Benedict points to the prevalence of drugs, alcohol, and “deceptive illusions of happiness” as evidence of this alienation. He describes this alienation as stemming from the self-centered emphasis of capitalism, "where individuals act in their own self-interest, seeking the satisfaction of their own wants - man is not concerned with his fellow man, except insofar as he may be instrumental in satisfying his wants." Pope Francis Pope Francis has described mercy as "the very substance of the Gospel of Jesus" and asked theologians to reflect this in their work. Francis has taken the emphasis off of doctrinal purity or church membership and restored Jesus' emphasis on charity, on doing good as fundamental. Responding to the question whether atheists go to Heaven, Francis responded to an atheist: "We must meet one another doing good. 'But I don't believe, Father, I am an atheist!' But do good: we will meet one another there." Pope Francis has accentuated the importance of mercy by declaring 2016 a "Year of Mercy." The pope made it clear that from 8 December 2015 to 20 November 2016, he wanted members of the Church "to place the sacrament of God’s mercy – which is the sacrament of penance and reconciliation – into the central pastoral life for the Church." In his apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium, Francis said: "It is vital that government leaders and financial leaders take heed and broaden their horizons, working to ensure