The Gesta Hungarorum written by an anonymous author The anonymous writer of the Gesta Hungarorum ("The Deeds of the Hungarians") was the first Hungarian chronicler who compiled the list of the seven Hungarian conqueror chiefs around 1210. At the seventh place we can find Tétény (Tuhutum), his son Horka (Horca) and the latter's sons, Gyula (Gyyla/Geula) and Zombor (Zubor). According to the author of the Gesta, Zombor (Zubor) was the father of the younger Gyula (Geula/Gyla). The Gesta also narrates that Tétény occupied the land of Transylvania from the Vlach (Romanian) Duke Gelou; neither Tétény nor Gelou are mentioned in other primary sources. The family tree of the gyulas according to the anonymous author of the Gesta Hungarorum: Tétény (Tuhutum) ♂ │ Horka (Horca) ♂ ┌───────────────────┴──────────────────────┐ Gyula (Gyyla/Geula) ♂ Zombor (Zubor) ♂ ┌───────────┴──────────┐ │ Karold (Caroldu) ♀ Sarolt (Saroltu) ♀ Gyula the Younger (Geula/Gyla) ♂ ∞ Géza ♂ ┌─────────┴────────┐ │ Bolya (Bua/Biua) ♂ Bonyha (Bucna) ♂ Stephen I ♂ │ │ Maglód kindred (genus Maglout) The Gesta Hungarorum written by Simon of Kéza Simon of Kéza, who wrote his Gesta Hungarorum between 1280 and 1285, inserted Gyula /Iula/ in connection to Transylvania in the list of the seven Hungarian conqueror chiefs. He, as opposed to the anonymous writer of the Gesta Hungarorum, wrote not about two but only one Gyula. The Chronicon Pictum The chronicle increased the members of the Gyula family with the same name to three. However, it caused a problem for the author to separate these three persons. The chronicle attributes the finding of the ruins of Gyulafehérvár (in Hungarian, ‘Gyula’s White Castle’; Apulum in Roman Dacia, now Alba Iulia, Romania) to the conqueror Gyula. The family tree of the Gyula family according to the Chronicon Pictum: Gyula I ♂ ┌──────────┴─────────┐ Sarolt ♀ Gyula II ♂ ∞ Géza ♂ │ Gyula III ♂ The list of the gyulas The list of persons who held the gyula office is still subject to debate. Many historians (e.g., György Györffy, Florin Curta) suggest that at the time of the Hungarian conquest Árpád was the gyula, who was later considered to be the ancestor of the dynasty that ruled Hungary until 1301. At any rate, Hungarian chroniclers are unanimous in reporting that the conquest of the Carpathian Basin was directed by Árpád. Florin Curta suggests that when the kende of the conquest (whom he does not name) died in 902, the