question all forms of closure and is a form of open systems theory (as opposed to closed systems theory). Elsewhere, he called this "planetary thinking" (1964). The concept of "play" Axelos uses the concept of "play" (le jeu) both as an ontological category (the "system of systems") and as an ethical ideal for an unalienated society. Axelos argues, following Marx, that the opposition between work (necessity) and play (freedom) needs to be abolished, but recognizes that this would be both a concrete and ontological "world-play" (le jeu du monde) or errance. He also argues, following Heidegger, that play is the meaning of Being which has been forgotten in the modern world (the oblivion of Being). Critiquing overly determinist accounts of globalization, for example, Axelos argues that it is a process of world-forming (mondialisation) which is more open to transformation than classical Marxists theorists often admit. The relational aspect of play is what links human activity with the activity of the world, and the various systems of human life (magic, myth, religion, poetry, politics, philosophy, science) together and to the world. Thus, play is not at all a childish vocation for Axelos. Bibliography French bibliography Heidegger, Martin. Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? (What is Philosophy?). Trans. from German with Jean Beaufret, Gallimards, 1957. Lukács, Georg. Histoire et conscience de classe (History and Class Consciousness). Trans. (with Preface) from German with Jacqueline Bois, Minuit, 1960. Marx, penseur de la technique: De l'aliénation de l'homme à la conquête du monde (Marx, the Man Who Thinks Through Technique: From the Alienation of Man to the Conquest of the World, The Unfolding of Errance Part 1), Paris, UGE/Les Éditions de Minuit, 1961. Héraclite et la philosophie: La première saisie de l'être en devenir de la totalité (Heraclitus and Philosophy: The First Grasp of the Being-in-Becoming of Totality, The Unfolding of Errance Part 2), 1962. Arguments d'une recherche, Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1963. Vers la pensée planétaire: Le devenir-pensée du monde et le devenir-monde de la pensée (Toward Planetary Thinking: Thought Becoming World, World Becoming Thought, The Unfolding of Errance Part 3), Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1964. Le Jeu du monde (The Play of the World, The Unfolding of the Game Part 1), Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1969. Arguments d'une recherche (Arguments of an Investigation, The Unfolding of an Investigation Part 1), Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1969. Pour une éthique problématique (For an