The House of Sanguszko (, , ) is a Polish and Lithuanian noble and aristocratic family of Lithuanian and Ruthenian origin, connected to the Gediminid dynasty. Like other princely houses of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, its origins are considered murky. Present historical opinion holds in favour of their descent from Algirdas' grandson Alexander (fl. 1433–1443), lord of Kovel and Liuboml, whose name can be shortened to Sangush. The family supposedly descends from two lines, associated with two of his sons, Alexander and Michael. The senior line, called the Sanguszko-Koszyrski, has been extinct since the death of Adam Aleksander Sanguszko in 1653. The junior line, or the Sanguszko-Kowelski, of Szymon Samuel Sanguszko, subsequently assumed the title Sanguszko-Lubartowicz, according to the erroneous assumption of their descent from Algirdas' younger brother Liubartas. Prince Paweł Karol Sanguszko-Lubartowicz (1682–1752), a Court and Grand Marshal of Lithuania, greatly expanded his holdings through his second marriage with Marianna Lubomirska, heiress of Ostroh. His chief residence at Iziaslav (now in Ukraine) was embellished with a famous collection of Persian carpets, known as Sanguszko carpets. Hieronymous Sanguszko (1743–1812) founded the Volhynia stud, establishing the family as breeders of Arabian horses. After the partitions of Poland, Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko fought in the Kościuszko Uprising and Napoleon's Russian campaign. His son, Prince Roman Sanguszko, was a Polish officer who participated in the November Uprising, and was exiled to Siberia. His life is the subject of "Prince Roman" (1910) one of Joseph Conrad's short stories. With the incorporation of Galicia into Soviet Ukraine after World War II, the Sanguszkos lost their Gumniska and Sławuta estates, as well as their palace in Lviv, and emigrated to Brazil. By the late 20th century, the family was represented by a single descendant, Prince Paul (born 1973), who resides in São Paulo. His mother came from the Polignac lineage. In 2010 Olympia Sanguszko was born to Prince Paul and his wife. Lineages "koszyrsko-niesuchoiżska" (Kamień Koszyrski-Niesuchojeże line) – split into two primary lineages: "gałąź koszyrska" – "Sanguszkowie-Koszyrscy" (Kamień Koszyrski branch) – the male branch died out in 1653; descendants in the female line still exist today in Kiev; "gałąź niesuchoiżska" – "Sanguszkowie-Niesuchoiżscy" (Niesuchojeże branch) – the branch died out in 1591; "linia kowelska" – "Sanguszkowie-Kowelscy" (Kowel line) – existing until today. Notable members Generation 0 Alexander Feodorovich (died c. 1454), progenitor of the Sanguszko family Generation 1 Aleksander Sanguszkowic (died c. 1491), progenitor of the Sanguszko Kamień Koszyrski-Niesuchojeże line