submarines. October Allied shipping losses total 196,000 tons. German losses are five submarines. November Allied shipping losses to submarines are 21 vessels totaling 51,600 tons. More than 100,000 tons are lost to German mines. December Allied shipping losses are 73 vessels totaling 189,900 tons. 25 are sunk by submarines. The Germans lose one submarine. Total Allied losses to mines during 1939 are 79 vessels totaling 262,700 tons. 1940 January Allied losses are 73 vessels totaling 214,500 tons, of which 40 vessels totaling 111,200 tons are sunk by submarines. Germany has 38 operational submarines to begin the year. February Allied losses are 226,900 tons, of which 45 vessels totaling 169,500 tons are lost to submarines. March Allied losses are 45 vessels, of which 23 are lost to submarines. Germany loses three submarines. October Massacre of Convoy SC 7 1941 June Allied losses are 590,000 tons 1942 1943 March Allied shipping losses are 627,000 tons. April Closing of Mid-Atlantic gap May Allied shipping losses are 157,000 tons, and 37 U-boats are sunk plus 32 damaged. U-boats withdrawn Black May June 17 U-boats destroyed July 46 U-boats destroyed August 20 U-boats destroyed References The Battle of the Atlantic by John Costello and Terry Hughes (1977, Collins, London) Barone, João (2013) 1942: O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida (1942: Brazil and its almost forgotten war) (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro, Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith & Don Kinde.World War II Sea War, Vol 5. Bertke Publications, 2013. Carey, Alan C. (2004) Galloping Ghosts of the Brazilian Coast Lincoln, NE, US: iUniverse, Inc. Hague, Arnold The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 Naval Institute Press 2000 Scheina, Robert L. Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900–2001. Potomac Books, 2003. Notes External links The Battle of the Atlantic Original reports and pictures from The Times Chronology 1939-1942 at naval-history.net Chronology 1942-1945 at naval-history.net Chronology of World War II