than three million businesses of every size, sector, and region." Likewise on its own Website it states: "For over 100 years, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce has represented the unified interests of the U.S. business community....the U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations." Affiliate organizations Americans for Transportation Mobility Center for Capital Markets Competitiveness Center for International Private Enterprise Global Energy Institute Institute for Legal Reform Institute for Organization Management (IOM) U.S. Chamber Litigation Center U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation (previously the National Chamber Foundation) Global Innovation Policy Center The Global Innovation Policy Center (formerly the Global Intellectual Property Center, and commonly known as GIPC) is the principal institution of the Chamber of Commerce handling all issues relating to innovation and creativity through advocating for strong intellectual property standards. It aims to: strengthen the protection and enforcement of IP rights in the United States and abroad, promote and defend the system of IP rights and norms in the United States, key countries, and multilateral forums, increase support for IP rights as a driver of innovation and creativity. The Global Innovation Policy Center was launched in October 2007 at the U.S. Chamber’s 4th Annual Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Summit. The GIPC was formed as an expansion of the existing efforts of the U.S. Chamber’s Global Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative. Leaders are, of have been: Thomas J. Donohue, President & CEO, U.S. Chamber of Commerce David Hirschmann, President & CEO, GIPC Patrick Kilbride, Senior Vice President, GIPC Opposition Several organizations have attacked the Chamber for its advocacy, including Chamber Watch (a campaign of Public Citizen). Advocates for independent business, like the American Independent Business Alliance (AMIBA) and green businesses, like the American Sustainable Business Council, have fought the Chamber on multiple issues. Among major divisions between the Chamber and these business advocates is allowing corporations to engage in electioneering. Oliver E. Diaz Jr. says one example of this was when the Chamber spent $1,000,000+ to fund negative campaign ads against him and have judicial candidate Keith Starrett elected instead. Some in the business community have criticized the Chamber's approach to public issues as overly aggressive. Hilary Rosen, former CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America, added that "Their aggressive ways are out of step