fell to widespread disorder and the brief rule of beggars and vagabonds (who apparently mimicked a coronation ceremony) — this episode was ended by the violent intervention of Ottoman troops stationed in the vicinity, and ultimately led to Soutzos' deposition. In 1809, retaliation campaign of Oltenian hajduks led by Iancu Jianu culminated in the attack and partial destruction of Turnu Măgurele (which was officially administered as an Ottoman kaza, but had become a base for the rebellion leader). Pazvantoğlu's incursions soon became infamous in all of Wallachia. The expression "as in the time of Pazvante Chioru' ", rather common in Romanian, was meant to indicate a time of trouble and ill-government; in time, it simply came to mean "extremely old". Legacy In Vidin, Bulgaria, the capital of Pazvantoğlu's domain, there are several landmarks built during his rule that still stand today. These include the military facility Krastata Kazarma (from Bulgarian: Cross-shaped Barracks), built in 1801, and a mosque (1801-1802) with a library building (1802–1803), dedicated to the pasha's father. All of them are classed as monuments of culture. The mosque-library compound is thought to have also included a madrasah (Islamic school) and a small Muslim cloister, both of which have not survived until today. Notes References Neagu Djuvara, Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne ("Between Orient and Occident. The Romanian Lands at the beginning of the modern era"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1995 Ștefan Ionescu, Bucureștii în vremea fanarioților ("Bucharest in the Time of the Phanariotes"), Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1974 Povestea lui Pazvante Chioru Pazvantoglu.com 1758 births 1807 deaths 18th-century Ottoman military personnel 19th-century Ottoman military personnel People from the Ottoman Empire of Bosnian descent Rebels from the Ottoman Empire Ottoman mercenaries Pashas Ottoman period in the history of Bulgaria Ottoman period in Romania History of Wallachia People from Vidin History of Vidin Rigas Feraios Kirdzhalis