it being initially effective for three years. August 30 Hermann Göring is elected chairman of the German Senate. November 8 Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats Herbert Hoover in the 1932 presidential election. November 21 President Hindenburg begins talking to Hitler about forming a new government. December 3 Hindenburg names Kurt von Schleicher Chancellor of Germany. 1933 January 1 Defense of the Great Wall: Japan attacks the fortified eastern end of the Great Wall of China in Rehe Province in Inner Mongolia. January 30 Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Hindenburg. February 27 Germany's parliament building the Reichstag is set on fire. February 28 The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed, nullifying many German civil liberties. March 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated as President of the United States. March 20 Germany's first concentration camp, Dachau, is completed. March 23 The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany. March 24 Anti-Nazi boycott of 1933 March 27 Japan leaves the League of Nations over the League of Nations' Lytton Report that found that Manchuria belongs to China and that Manchukuo was not a truly independent state. April 1 Germans are told to boycott Jewish shops and businesses. April 26 The Gestapo secret police is established in Germany. May 2 Hitler outlaws trade unions. May 15 Official formation of the Luftwaffe, the German air force built in secret in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. May 31 The Tanggu Truce is signed between China and Japan, setting the ceasefire conditions between the two states after the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. China accedes to all Japanese demands, creating a large demilitarized zone inside Chinese territory. June 21 All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany. July 14 The Nazi party becomes the official party of Germany. August 25 Haavara Agreement: The agreement was designed to help facilitate the emigration of German Jews to Palestine. September 2 Italy and the USSR sign the Italo-Soviet Pact September 12 Leó Szilárd conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction. October 19 Germany leaves the League of Nations. November 16 The United States extends diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union. November 24 Homeless, alcoholic, and unemployed sent to Nazi concentration camps. 1934 January 26 Germany and Poland sign the 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact. February 12–16 The Austrian Civil War is fought, ending with Austrofascist victory. February 9 Balkan Pact, a military alliance is signed