have an aliyah for at least part of the reading. Many Conservative congregations, and nearly all Reform, Reconstructionist, and Renewal congregations, practice complete gender egalitarianism. Conservative Judaism Conservative Judaism generally follows practices for Torah reading similar to Orthodox Judaism except that: In most but not all Conservative synagogues, women can receive an aliyah and can chant from the Torah out loud ("leyn"). This has been an option for Conservative synagogues since 1955. In some Conservative synagogues, women who are B'not Kohen (daughter of a Kohen) or B'not Levi (daughter of a Levite) can be called for the first or second aliyot. In Israel and some congregations in North America, only men are permitted to be called for the Kohen and Levite aliyot even if women can be called for the other aliyot. Some Conservative synagogues do not call a Kohen or a Levite first at all, although Conservative Judaism as a whole retains some elements of special tribal roles. Some Conservative congregations use a triennial cycle, reading approximately a third of the Torah every year and completing the reading in three years. Reform, Reconstructionist, and Renewal Judaism In addition to changes mentioned above for Conservative Judaism, these movements generally practice: complete gender egalitarianism; abolition of tribal distinctions among kohen, levi, and yisrael on grounds of egalitarianism. In some cases (such as Bar or Bat Mitzvah ceremonies) only one person will read the text; aliyot may be given out as a means of honoring members for their contributions to the congregation instead of on the basis of the ancient castes. abridgement of the portion read (sometimes by instituting a triennial cycle) and reducing of the number of aliyot (most congregations); some congregations may modify the order of the portions read; main Shabbat service on Friday night with Torah reading (some Reform congregations); some synagogues will give the option for the reader either to chant or simply read aloud the text; See also Aliyah (Torah) Weekly Torah portion Hebrew cantillation Haftarah Minyan Sefer Torah Torah ark Yom Tov Torah readings Torah study Yad Other religions Qur'an reading, in Islam Lesson, in Christianity Bible study, private or small group reading predominantly in Protestant Christianity References Further reading Gidon Rothstein, "Women’s Aliyyot in Contemporary Synagogues." Tradition 39(2), Summer 2005. Joel B. Wolowelsky, "On Kohanim and Uncommon Aliyyot." Tradition 39(2), Summer 2005. Aryeh A. Frimer and Dov I. Frimer, "Women, Kri'at haTorah and Aliyyot (with