International cricket in South Africa between 1971 and 1981 consisted of four private tours arranged by English sports promoter Derrick Robins, two tours by a private team called the "International Wanderers", and one women's Test match. The apartheid policy followed by the South African Governments of the day meant that no Test match playing nation was willing to tour, thereby depriving world cricket of leading stars such as Graeme Pollock, Barry Richards, Clive Rice and Eddie Barlow. The road to isolation Sport in South Africa had been divided on racial lines since the early white settlers, and cricket was no different. While Walter Read's Englishmen played against a non-white team, the Malays, in 1891-92, it would be 65 years before non-white South Africans played any other international cricket, with a team of Kenyan Asians touring against South African non-whites in 1956. However, with apartheid becoming ever stricter over time and being legally mandated in 1948, no non-white player was selected for the national Test team. This did not, however, stop white-majority Commonwealth nations from playing white South African teams at cricket. The Basil D'Oliveira affair changed all that. D'Oliveira was a mixed-race South African (partly black – "coloured" under the Apartheid classification): as he was ineligible to play for his national side, he emigrated to England and played for them instead, going on tour to the West Indies in 1967. His performance on that tour was not impressive, and he was omitted from the Ashes Test squads in the following summer until the fifth and final Test at the Oval. He scored 158 in that Test, and was expected to make it to the team to tour South Africa in winter. When initially he was not selected, there was great controversy in England, with D'Olivera being left in tears at the news, and English Test selectors and cricket officials being accused of pandering to the racism of the apartheid regime in South Africa. Then, when a vacancy became available after Tom Cartwright broke down during a County Cricket match, D'Oliveira was selected in his place. Upon hearing of this, South African Prime Minister John Vorster responded to his selection by saying that it was not a team of the Marylebone Cricket Club, but of the anti-apartheid Movement: England's tour was immediately cancelled. However, Australia did tour in 1969/70, with the Proteas whitewashing them 4-0, making them de facto world champions