intelligence; counterintelligence; economics and technology (primarily industrial espionage); and operational support (principally application of devices for surveillance and eavesdropping). Considerable emphasis in external intelligence was allotted to North Africa and to the security of Ceuta and Melilla. Liaison was maintained with a number of intelligence services of North African and Middle Eastern nations, as well as with the Israeli agency, Mossad. Interception of ship transmissions in the strait area was another focus of activity. Domestic intelligence centered on exposure of plots against the government, monitoring activities of unrecognized political parties, and counterterrorism. Although CESID was the senior agency, it did not have a firmly established coordinating function over other intelligence bodies, which included the General Headquarters of Information of the Ministry of Defense; the second sections of the army, the air force, and the navy staffs; and the Civil Guard Information Service (SIGC), dedicated to criminal and terrorist intelligence. In addition, the National Police Corps had a General Commissariat of Information (CGI), with an antiterrorist mission that included a Foreign Intelligence Brigade to investigate international terrorism aimed against Spain. Considerable rivalry and overlapping of missions characterized the entire intelligence system. CESID, in particular, was reported to be seeking to gain exclusive jurisdiction over police foreign intelligence activities. Directors José María Bourgon López-Dóriga (1977–1979) Gerardo Mariñas (1979–1981) Emilio Alonso Manglano (1981–1995) Félix Miranda (1995–1996) Javier Calderón (1996–2001) Jorge Dezcallar (2001–2002) See also Armed Police Corps References 1977 establishments in Spain 2002 disestablishments in Spain Government of Spain Defunct Spanish intelligence agencies Defunct law enforcement agencies of Spain