and efforts by other nations, particularly the United States, to involve itself in PRC-Taiwan relations are seen as hostile actions in this framework. Use in modern diplomacy More recently, the phrase has gained currency beyond its usage in communist phraseology and has been adopted by the broader diplomatic world. For instance, in his 2004 Christmas address, Pope John Paul II called for "peaceful coexistence" in the Middle East. See also Détente Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence International relations theory Mutual assured destruction References Further reading Benvenuti, Andrea. "Constructing Peaceful Coexistence: Nehru’s Approach to Regional Security and India’s Rapprochement with Communist China in the Mid-1950s." Diplomacy & Statecraft 31.1 (2020): 91–117. Kennan, George F. "Peaceful Coexistence: A Western View." Foreign Affairs 38.2 (1960): 171–190. online Lerner, Warren. "The Historical Origins of the Soviet Doctrine of Peaceful Coexistence." Law & Contemporary Problems 29 (1964): 865+ online. Lewkowicz, Nicolas. ''The Role of Ideology in the Origins of the Cold War] (Scholar's Press, 2018). Lipson, Leon. "Peaceful coexistence." Law and Contemporary Problems 29.4 (1964): 871–881. online Magnúsdóttir, Rósa. "'Be Careful in America, Premier Khrushchev!'. Soviet perceptions of peaceful coexistence with the United States in 1959." Cahiers du monde russe. Russie-Empire russe-Union soviétique et États indépendants 47.47/1-2 (2006): 109–130. Online in English Marantz, Paul. "Prelude to détente: doctrinal change under Khrushchev." International Studies Quarterly 19.4 (1975): 501–528. Ramundo, Bernard. Peaceful Coexistence: International Law in the Building of Communism (Johns Hopkins UP, 1967). Sakharov, Andrei (1968). Progress, Coëxistence, and Intellectual Freedom. Trans. by [staff of] The New York Times; with introd., afterword, and notes by Harrison E. Salisbury. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 158 p. Smith, Mark B. "Peaceful coexistence at all costs: Cold War exchanges between Britain and the Soviet Union in 1956." Cold War History 12.3 (2012): 537–558. Windt Jr, Theodore Otto. "The rhetoric of peaceful coexistence: Khrushchev in America, 1959." Quarterly Journal of Speech 57.1 (1971): 11–22. Zhang, Shu Guang. "Constructing ‘Peaceful Coexistence’: China's Diplomacy toward the Geneva and Bandung Conferences, 1954–55." Cold War History 7.4 (2007): 509-528. Zhi, Liang. "Heading Toward Peaceful Coexistence: The Effects of the Improvement in Sino-Burmese Relations from 1953 to 1955." Asian Perspective 42.4 (2018): 527–549. online Primary sources Khrushchev, Nikita S. "On peaceful coexistence." Foreign Affairs''. 38 (1959): 1. [https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/1997/10/13/a231db94-ad9e-430c-8b61-12354f373ffc/publishable_en.pdf online Foreign relations of the Soviet Union Soviet phraseology International relations theory Foreign relations of China Cold War history of China Peace Nikita Khrushchev