treaty (English version) entered into. 1839–41 – Edict of Gülhane, Tanzimat starts, Second Egyptian-Turkish War (~ 1841) (English version) 1840 – London Convention (the treaty of the Second Egyptian-Turkish War) 1841 – London Straits Convention (English version), Unkyaru-Sukeresshi treaty is discarded, the passage of the Russian fleet from Bosphorus and Dardanelles is prohibited. 1846 in Baku – Oil well drilling machine was made. There were hand-dug oil well before that. 1853 – Crimean War (~ 1856) 1856 – Treaty of Paris (peace treaty of the Crimean War) 1867 – Alfred Nobel invents dynamite 1870 – Constantinople Conference 1870 – Bulgarian Exarchate 1872 – Russia sold overseas oil well drilling rights in Baku to investors 1875: Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77) Serbian Uprising 1876: First Ottoman constitution enacted The Bulgarian April Uprising Nobel Brothers in Baku Montenegro-Ottoman War (1876-1878) 1877–78 – Russo-Turkish War and Congress of Berlin (1878) - Liberation of Bulgaria, Independence of Romania, independence of Montenegro, independence of Serbia 1878–79 – Kresna–Razlog uprising 1885 – Bulgarian unification 1894–1896 – Hamidian massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1897 – Greco-Turkish War. Constantinople Convention (1897) 1899 – German Baghdad Railway won the right-of-way. United Kingdom that has been competing Second Boer War withdrew in war expenses increased. 1903 – Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising 1904 – Russo-Japanese War 1905 – Yıldız assassination attempt. Armenian Revolutionary Federation attempted to assassinate Abdulhamid II, according to Abdulhamid II. 1908 – Bulgarian Declaration of Independence 1908 – Young Turk Revolution, Bosnia and Herzegovina annexation 1911-1912 - Italo-Turkish War, loss of Libya and the Dodecanese Islands 1912 – Albanian Declaration of Independence. Balkan League is formed by four Balkan countries. 1912–13 – Balkan Wars 1912–13 – First Balkan War 1913 – Second Balkan War 1913 – London Convention, Turkey lost Crete and European territory except for Istanbul 1914–18 – World War I; alliance with Germany; Turkish loss 1919 – Sèvres Treaty (treaty following the end of WWI) 1919–22 – Greco-Turkish War 1920 – Republic of Turkey established 1920–22 – Operation Nemesis 1923 – Treaty of Lausanne See also Russia and the Middle East International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) Thracian question History of Egypt under the British Decline of the Ottoman Empire Sick man of Europe Armenian question Polish question Greek Plan Great Game References Bibliography Anderson, M.S. The Eastern Question, 1774–1923: A Study in International Relations (1966) online. Bitis, Alexander. Russia and the Eastern Question: Army, Government and