called S4 (or fourth year). At the end of S4, students normally sit for examinations in seven or eight National 5 subjects in which they have studied over the previous two years. National 5s and are taken during the months of May and June. It is followed by an optional fifth year (S5) at school or pupils may choose to leave at the end of S4, provided they have reached the age of 16 by 30, September of that year. Those who wish to leave, but will not meet the September deadline, may do so provided that they have either secured an apprenticeship or a placement in a college designed for Christmas Leavers. They are called this because there are two leaving dates in the academic year - the last day in May (summer leaving date), and the last day before the Christmas holidays (winter leaving date). Hence the term "Christmas leavers". United States The tenth grade is typically the second year of high school, called sophomore year. In the U.S. curriculum for math, tenth graders are usually taught geometry. Occasionally, trigonometry, precalculus, or higher classes, are offered for students who wish to take Advanced Placement math classes in later years of high school. In the U.S. curriculum for literature, students have already begun to familiarize themselves with notable authors such as Shakespeare, while advanced programs put a major emphasis on literary terms and themes. Generally, students at this grade will be taught world literature. Like other classes, Honors and Advanced Placement versions of this course are available. In the U.S. curriculum for science, tenth graders are usually taught chemistry, biology, or physics. Like other classes, Advanced Placement Chemistry and/or Biology is available. In the U.S. curriculum for social studies, tenth grade students are taught recent world history or American history. In some districts, Advanced Placement coursework, such as geography, European history, Global studies, or United States History. See also Educational stage Ninth grade Eleventh grade Twelfth grade Year Ten Senior secondary education References 10 Secondary education it:Sophomore