and Togo: 6.6) Mauritius (0.55) Botswana (0.43) Ghana (.38) Between 2009 and 2012, a total of 72 companies were launched on the stock exchanges of 13 African countries. See also United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Africa–China economic relations African Economic Community African Economic Outlook Demographics of Africa Economic history of Africa Land grabbing Languages of Africa List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty List of countries by Human Development Index Central banks and currencies of Africa List of countries by credit rating List of countries by future gross government debt List of countries by public debt List of countries by leading trade partners List of countries by industrial production growth rate List of countries by GDP (nominal) List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita List of countries by GDP (PPP) List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita List of countries by tax revenue as percentage of GDP List of countries by GDP growth Citations General and cited references Fage, J. D. A History of Africa (Routledge, 4th edition, 2001 ) (Hutchinson, 1978, ) (Knopf 1st American edition, 1978, ) Kayizzi-Mugerwa, Steve The African Economy: Policy, Institutions and the Future (Routledge, 1999, ) Laouisset, Djamel (2009). A Retrospective Study of the Algerian Iron and Steel Industry. New York City: Nova Publishers. Moshomba, Richard E. Africa in the Global Economy (Lynne Rienner, 2000, ) OECD. African Economic Outlook 2006/2007 (OECD, 2007, ) Rodney, Walter. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. (Washington: Howard UP, 1982, ) Sahn, David E., Paul A. Dorosh, Stephen D. Younger, Structural Adjustment Reconsidered: Economic Policy and Poverty in Africa (Cambridge University Press, 1997, ) External links The Age of the Dragon: China's Conquest of Africa Holding the door open for multinationals to extract Africa's wealth, Foreign Policy in Focus Africa in the World Economy: the national, regional and international challenges by Jan Joost Teunissen and Age Akkerman Africa: Living on the Fringe, Monthly Review. Samir Amin offers a Marxist analysis of Africa's continued economic crisis BBC: Africa's Economy OECD work on African economy Africa Economic Analysis World Economic Forum – Africa African Development Bank Group IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) – September 2003 – Public Debt in Emerging Markets Language and Africa Africa's economy: A glimmer of light at last? – The Economist Africa and the Knowledge Economy – World Bank Institute report. Economic analysis of