as their eagle emblem, from the Persians. The standards of Roman legions consisted of a lance with a silver-plated shaft, topped with a crosspiece carrying figures of various beasts, the most important being the eagle. Attached to the shaft were several metal rings which took the form of laurel wreaths and medallions with images of gods, the Emperor, and members of the Imperial House. Ancient Mongolians also used vexilloids in the form of a staff topped with a metal ball or spearhead, with a horse's tail attached to it. This vexilloid, called a tug, spread among Turkish people and became military symbols in Turkish forces. In the 17th and 18th centuries they were carried before commanders-in-chief of the Polish Army. Examples Ancient The Achaemenid Empire used a stylised falcon on its vexilloid. The vexilloid of Alexander the Great's Macedonian Empire displayed the Vergina Sun. The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom has an Elephant as their symbol. The Indo-Greek Kingdom has an Recurve bow as their symbol. The Indo-Scythians has an Bull as their symbol. The vexilloid of The Indo-Parthian Kingdom is likely pretty similar to The Parthian Sun and it is related with The Derafsh Kaviani. The vexilloid of The Kushan Empire is suspended on the point of a Spear or Trident The symbol of the Mauryan Empire was the Ashoka Chakra. The Gupta Empire has The Garuda as their symbol. The vexilloid of Ancient Carthage most probably consisted of a spear with a disk and crescent (points upwards), symbolising the god Baal (sun = disk) and the goddess Tanit (moon = crescent). The Ptolemaic Kingdom has The Eagle of Zeus as their symbol. The vexillum of Ancient Rome displayed the slogan S·P·Q·R (senātus populusque Rōmānus), "The Roman Senate and People," in gold on a field of crimson. The Sassanian Empire, which is called Eran Shahr (Aryan Empire) in Middle Persian, used lotus symbol on its vexilloid, which is called the Derafsh Kaviani. Medieval The tugh of Central Asian and Turkic peoples of the pre-Ottoman and Ottoman periods. The vexilloid of the Mongol Empire, the "Yöson Khölt tsagaan tug" () or the "Nine Base White Banners", was composed of nine flag poles decorated with nine off-white horse tail hairs hanging from a round surface with a flame or trident-like shape on the top at the centre. The Nine White Banners was a peacetime emblem used by the Khan in front of his yurt.