This article lists some of the attested Gaelic kingdoms of Early Medieval Ireland prior to the Norman invasion of 1169-72. For much of this period, the island was divided into numerous clan territories and kingdoms (known as túatha). These túatha often competed for control of resources and thus they continually grew and shrank (in both size and number). In addition to kingdoms or túatha, Gaelic Ireland was also divided into five prime overkingdoms (Old Irish cóiceda, Modern Irish cúige). These were Ulaid (in the north), Connacht (in the west), Laighin (in the southeast), Mumhan (in the south) and Mide (in the centre). After the Norman invasion, much of the island came under the control of the Lordship of Ireland, although some parts remained under the control of Gaelic dynasties. After 1350, Norman control began to weaken, and a "Gaelic resurgence" took place which resulted in the direct influence of the Parliament of Ireland shrinking to an area known as The Pale by 1500. In 1541 the Kingdom of Ireland was established by Henry VIII and the Tudor conquest of Ireland commenced. The repudiation of the terms of the Treaty of Mellifont by the Crown resulted in the Nine Years War and Flight of the Earls, which marked the end of the Gaelic order. Ulster Earliest times Darini, in Tyrone, Armagh and Down, possibly a branch of the Érainn and linked with their supposed ancestor deity Dáire Erdini in County Fermanagh Robogdii, in Antrim and Londonderry Venicnii in County Donegal Voluntii, probably the people later known as the Ulaid, in Armagh, Down, Monaghan and Cavan Early Christian Airgíalla or Oirghialla or Oriel Airthir Cairpre Droma Cliab Cenél Conaill (Tir Chonaill) Cenél nEogain (Tir Eogain) Conaille Muirtheimne Cruithne Dál nAraidi Dál Fiatach Dál Riata Dartraige Dartraige Con-innsi Eilne Fir Manach Iveagh Uí Echach Cobo Northern Uí Néill Ulaid From the 12th century East Breifne Meath Earliest times Ebdani, Eblani or Blanii (probably variants of the same name) Early Christian Ciannachta Southern Uí Néill Brega Lagore Cnogba Leinster Earliest times Brigantes in south Wexford, also known from northern Britain; possibly linked with the goddess Brigit Cauci around Dublin Coriondi north Wexford Menapii in County Wicklow, also known from Gaul; their name is linked to Fermanagh and Monaghan, although they are much further north Osraige Early Christian Kingdom of Dublin Uí Ceinnselaig Uí Dúnlainge From the 12th century Kingdom of Leinster, see also Kings