the result of adaptative evolution from the plants to hostile environments through many generations. A number of interactions may be affected by metal hyperaccumulation, including protection, interferences with neighbour plants of different species, mutualism (including mycorrhizae, pollen and seed dispersal), commensalism, and biofilm. Tables of hyperaccumulators Hyperaccumulators table – 1 : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, Naphthalene, Pb, Pd, Pt, Se, Zn Hyperaccumulators table – 2 : Nickel Hyperaccumulators table – 3 : Radionuclides (Cd, Cs, Co, Pu, Ra, Sr, U), Hydrocarbons, Organic Solvents. Phytoscreening As plants are able to translocate and accumulate particular types of contaminants, plants can be used as biosensors of subsurface contamination, thereby allowing investigators to quickly delineate contaminant plumes. Chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene, have been observed in tree trunks at concentrations related to groundwater concentrations. To ease field implementation of phytoscreening, standard methods have been developed to extract a section of the tree trunk for later laboratory analysis, often by using an increment borer. Phytoscreening may lead to more optimized site investigations and reduce contaminated site cleanup costs. See also Bioaugmentation Biodegradation Bioremediation Constructed wetland Mycorrhizal bioremediation Mycoremediation Phytotreatment References Bibliography "Phytoremediation Website" — Includes reviews, conference announcements, lists of companies doing phytoremediation, and bibliographies. "An Overview of Phytoremediation of Lead and Mercury" June 6 2000. The Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information Web Site. "Enhanced phytoextraction of arsenic from contaminated soil using sunflower" September 22 2004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Phytoextraction", February 2000. Brookhaven National Laboratory 2000. "Phytoextraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil" April 18, 2001. M.M. Lasat July 2002. Donald Bren School of Environment Science & Management. "Phytoremediation" October 1997. Department of Civil Environmental Engineering. "Phytoremediation" June 2001, Todd Zynda. "Phytoremediation of Lead in Residential Soils in Dorchester, MA" May, 2002. Amy Donovan Palmer, Boston Public Health Commission. "Technology Profile: Phytoextraction" 1997. Environmental Business Association. "Ancona V, Barra Caracciolo A, Campanale C, De Caprariis B, Grenni P, Uricchio VF, Borello D, 2019. Gasification Treatment of Poplar Biomass Produced in a Contaminated Area Restored using Plant Assisted Bioremediation. Journal of Environmental Management" External links Missouri Botanical Garden (host): Phytoremediation website — Review Articles, Conferences, Phytoremediation Links, Research Sponsors, Books and Journals, and Recent Research. International Journal of Phytoremediation — devoted to the publication of current laboratory and field research describing the use of plant systems to remediate contaminated environments. Using Plants To Clean Up Soils — from Agricultural Research magazine New