supremacist and define it as "an inclusive independence movement in which neither the origin nor the language are important". In addition, independence supporters usually allege most far-right and xenophobic groups in Catalonia support Spanish nationalism, and usually participate in unionist demonstrations. On the part of the independence movement, the Comitès de Defensa de la República (Committees for the Defense of the Republic; CDR) were created and organised to hinder police action through passive resistance. In September 2019, seven members of the CDR, alleged to be a branch called "Equipos de Respuesta Técnica" (Tactical Response Teams), were arrested for terrorist offenses; they were said to have been found with explosive material and maps of official buildings. Three of them were released on bail in October 2019. See also National and regional identity in Spain History of Catalonia 2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis List of active separatist movements in Europe Nation state Notes References External links "Catalonia Votes", website on self-determination referendum set up by the 2015-2017 Catalan government. (A video based on an article in favour of Catalonia's independence by professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin from Columbia University.) Party Urging More Autonomy From Spain Seems to Win in Catalonia Article on New York Times, November 2, 2006 Voters in Catalonia Approve A Plan for Greater Autonomy Article in The New York Times, June 19, 2006 Spain Moves On Law to Give Broad Powers To Catalonia Article in The New York Times, March 31, 2006 .