New York; 1987–1994) North Iowa Outlaws (Mason City, Iowa; 2005–2010; relocated to Onalaska, Wisconsin, and renamed Coulee Region Chill) Oakland Chiefs (Oakland, Michigan; 1975–76; relocated to Wayne, Michigan, and renamed Wayne Chiefs) Owatonna Express (Owatonna, Minnesota; 2008–2011; relocated to Odessa, Texas, and renamed Odessa Jackalopes) Paddock Pool Saints (Ecorse, Michigan; 1975–1984; won seven straight GLJHL titles) Philadelphia Rebels (Philadelphia Pennsylvania; 2017–18; relocated from Aston for one season before relocating to Jamestown, New York, as the Jamestown Rebels) Pittsburgh Forge (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 2001–2003; relocated to Toledo, Ohio, and renamed Toledo IceDiggers) Port Huron Fighting Falcons (Port Huron, Michigan; 2010–2014; relocated to Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and renamed Keystone Ice Miners) Port Huron Fogcutters (Port Huron, Michigan; 1975–76) Redford Royals (Redford, Michigan; 1978–1984, 1987–1989) Rio Grande Valley Killer Bees (Hidalgo, Texas; 2013–2015; relocated to Aston, Pennsylvania, and renamed the Aston Rebels) Rochester Junior Americans (Rochester, New York; 1999–2000) Saginaw Gears (Saginaw, Michigan; 1991–1995; relocated in midseason to Gaylord, Michigan, and renamed Gaylord Grizzles) Santa Fe RoadRunners (Santa Fe, New Mexico; 2004–2007; relocated to Topeka, Kansas, and renamed Topeka RoadRunners) Soo Eagles (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan; 2012–2015; returned to NOJHL and franchise relocated to Middletown, New Jersey, and renamed the New Jersey Titans) Soo Indians (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan; 1995–2005) Southern Minnesota Express (Owatonna, Minnesota; 2005–2008; relocated to Detroit area and renamed Motor City Machine) Springfield Spirit (Springfield, Missouri; 2001–2005; relocated to Wasilla, Alaska, and renamed Wasilla Spirit) St. Clair Shores Falcons (St. Clair Shores, Michigan; 1983–1986; relocated to Fraser, Michigan, and renamed Detroit Falcons for one season) St. Louis Bandits (St. Louis, Missouri; 2006–2012; purchased and relocated to Cloquet, Minnesota, after a one-year hiatus and to be used by the Minnesota Wilderness) St. Louis Sting (St. Louis, Missouri; 1996–2001; relocated to Springfield, Missouri, and renamed Springfield Spirit) Texarkana Bandits (Texarkana, Arkansas; 2003–2006; relocated to St. Louis, Missouri, and renamed St. Louis Bandits) Texas Tornado (North Richland Hills, Texas for 1999–2008; hiatus for 2008–09 season; Frisco, Texas for 2009–13; relocated to back North Richland Hills in 2013 and renamed Lone Star Brahmas) Toledo IceDiggers (Toledo, Ohio; 2003–2005; relocated to Alpena, Michigan, and renamed Alpena IceDiggers) Topeka Pilots (Topeka, Kansas; 2018–2020; relocated to the Kansas City metropolitan area as the Kansas City Scouts, but never played before being relocating again as the Amarillo Wranglers) Topeka RoadRunners (Topeka, Kansas; 2007–2018; renamed Topeka Pilots under new ownership) Traverse City North Stars (Traverse City, Michigan; 2005–2012; franchise purchased and