neural networks and computational neuroscience has been pioneering. Tadeusz Sendzimir (1894–1989), engineer and inventor of international renown with 120 patents in mining and metallurgy, 73 of which were awarded to him in the United States Maria Siemionow, Polish surgeon who performed the first face transplant surgery in the U.S. Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972), helicopter engineer who founded the first helicopter industry in the U.S. Iwona Stroynowski (born 1950), immunologist she discovered the process of gene expression control called attenuation, the first example of a riboswitch mechanism Ryszard Syski (1924–2017), mathematician whose research was in queueing theory Stanisław Szarek (born 1953), mathematician his research concerns convex geometry and functional analysis Jack W. Szostak (born 1952), Nobel Prize–winning biologist; his work helped us to understand telomeres and helped create the human genome project Bolesław Szymański (born 1950), computer scientist, he's known for multiple contributions into computer science, including Szymański's algorithm Alfred Tarski (1902–1983), mathematician and philosopher Joseph Tykociński-Tykociner (1877–1969), patent and invention of sound film on motion pictures Adam Ulam (1922–2000), historian and political scientist at Harvard University, one of the world's foremost authorities on Russia and the Soviet Union Stanisław Ulam (1909–1984), mathematician who participated in the Manhattan Project and proposed the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons Thaddeus Vincenty (1920–2002), geodesist, he devised Vincenty's formulae, a geodesic calculation technique published in 1975 which is accurate to about half a millimeter Andrzej Walicki (1930–2020), economist; in 1998 he won Balzan Prize for his contribution to the study of the Russian and Polish cultural and social history, and also the study of European culture in the 19th century Frank Wilczek (born 1951), physicist, Nobel Prize 2004 Anne Wojcicki, biotech analyst, biologist, and businesswoman; co-founder of 23andMe (genetics testing) Stanley Wojcicki, professor and former chair of the physics department at Stanford University in California Aleksander Wolszczan (born 1946), astronomer, discoverer of the first extrasolar planets and pulsar planets Robert Zajonc (1923–2008), social psychologist Maria Zakrzewska (1829–1902), pioneering female doctor in the United States Edmund Zalinski (1849–1909), invented pneumatic dynamite torpedo-gun, invented an electrical fuse, Other inventions included a modified entrenching tool, a ramrod-bayonet, and a telescopic sight for artillery and the Zalinsky boat, one of the earliest submarines in the United States George D. Zamka (born 1962), NASA astronaut Casimir Zeglen (1869–19??), invented the bulletproof vest in 1897; a Catholic priest of St. Stanislaus Kostka Roman Catholic Church in Chicago Florian Znaniecki (1882–1958), sociologist and