as well as Sweden and Switzerland, while Swiss buyers were also offered this engine in the Cressida and the Crown. In Europe (aside from Sweden and Switzerland, who received the same spec engine as Australia) the 5M-E produced in the Crown MS112 and the Celica Supra MA61. Applications (calendar years): 5M Toyota Crown MS112, MS122, MS132 5M-EU (Japan), 5M-E 1979–1989 Toyota Crown MS112, MS122, MS133 1980–1986 Toyota Celica Supra MA47, MA56, MA61 1980–1987 Toyota Cressida MX62, MX63, MX72, MX73 5M-GE The 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder) DOHC 5M-GE is familiar as the engine of the Toyota Supra and Toyota Cressida of the 1980s. It was quite different from any previous member of the M family, with Bosch L-Jetronic-derived electronic fuel-injection (using an AFM intake measuring scheme), wide-angle valves, and belt-driven dual camshafts. It used hydraulic valve lifters, a first for Toyota. The use of rocker arms and valve lash adjusters eliminated the need for valve clearance maintenance, a world first for any twin cam engine. This version of the M made its US debut in 1982's Toyota Celica Supra MK2. The 1982 version had a vacuum-advance distributor, whereas the 1983–1988 versions found in the Celica Supra and Cressida had full electronic control of the ignition system and distributor. The newer engine control system found in these later cars was named TCCS, or Toyota Computer Control System and, together with different intake runners, increased max power by from August 1983. Output ranged from , depending on exhaust system, emissions controls, compression ratio, intake runner shape (earlier models had round intake runners and later models had D-shaped intake runners), and ECU tuning. There were aftermarket crank and piston kits offered for the 5M-GE that took the displacement up to 2.9 L for and 3.1 L for . Outfitted with kits like the Kuwahara 3100, these engines were often used quite successfully in powerboat racing in the mid 1980s. Specifications: Valvetrain: DOHC 2 valves per cylinder Forced Induction: None Displacement: Bore x stroke: Compression Ratio: 8.1:1 to 9.2:1 Power: Torque: Production: 1982–1988 Applications (calendar years): 1981.07–1986 Toyota Celica XX/Supra MA61 1982–1988 Toyota Cressida MX62, MX63, MX72, MX73 1981.08–1984.08 Toyota Crown MS120 1981.02–? Toyota Soarer MZ11 Differences between years on US model of the Celica Supra: 1982 Supra 5M-GE had vacuum-advance distributors and 9-to-0 volt output AFMs. 1982–1983 Supra 5M-GE had dual V-belt accessory drive, 65 amp alternator, square-tooth camshaft belts, 8.8:1 compression ratio,