the benandanti and a wide variety of practices which he describes as evidence of a substrate of shamanic cults in Europe. His 1999 work, The Judge and the Historian, sought to expose injustice in the trial of Adriano Sofri, but failed to win a new trial. His book was not only about Sofri, but was also a general reflection on the scientific methods used by a historian, and their similarity to the work of a judge, who also has to correlate testimonies with material evidence in order to deduce what really happened. Thus, he explains how the judicial model of early historiography made it focus on easily verifiable facts, resulting in studies that centered on individuals or on what Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch called in the Annales d'histoire économique et sociale an "evenemential history". In his book History, Rhetoric, and Proof (1999), he contrasts the ancient rhetoric of Aristotle with the modern rhetoric of Nietzsche. Bibliography (First published in Italian as Il formaggio e i vermi, 1976) (First published in Italian as I benandanti, 1966) (revised edition, 2000) (First published in Italian as Storia notturna: Una decifrazione del Sabba, 1989) (First published in Italian as Il giudice e la storico, 1991) See also Leone Ginzburg (father), Natalia Ginzburg (mother) Vatican Secret Archives Menocchio, accused of heresy References External links Ginzburg UCLA Homepage Carlo Ginzburg at the International Balzan Prize Foundation On the Dark Side – Ginzburg interview “An Interview with Carlo Ginzburg by Yehuda Safran and Daniel Sherer,” Potlatch 5 (2022), 1-55. 20th-century Italian historians Jewish historians Microhistorians 1939 births Living people Jewish Italian writers Viareggio Prize winners Writers from Turin 20th-century Italian male writers Italian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent Academic staff of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Italian male non-fiction writers 20th-century Italian Jews 21st-century Italian historians