The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. For the modern era, see List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers. For mathematicians of any era, see List of Iranian mathematicians. (A person may appear on two lists, e.g. Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin.) A Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar Abu Said Gorgani (10th century) 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician Astarabadi (15th century), physician Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian Albubather, physician and astrologer Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer B Brethren of Purity Bahmanyār, philosopher Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547–1621), poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar, astrologer Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century) Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian Bubares (died after 480 BC), engineer Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician Muhammad Bal'ami, historian Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami C Cabir Bin Hayyan, science; alchemist, chemist and pharmacist; physicist, astronomer and astrologer; medical and physical therapist; engineer, geographer, philosopher and Sufi. Cuveyni, historian D Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), polymath Ibn Durustawayh (872–958), grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith Ibn Qutaybah (828–885), historian E Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician F Al-Farghani (d. 880),