his part, simply designated sophia (also referred to as the arete or excellence of philosophical reflection) as the consummation or the final cause (telos) of techne. Heidegger attempted to explain the Aristotelian conceptualization outlined in the Nicomachean Ethics, where the eidosthe soul of the makerwas treated as the arche of the thing made (ergon). In this analogy, the telos constitutes the arche but in a certain degree not at the disposition of techne. In modern Action theory also makes essential use of teleological vocabulary. From Donald Davidson's perspective, an action is just something an agent does with an intentioni.e., looking forward to some end to be achieved by the action. Action is considered just a step that is necessary to fulfill human telos, as it leads to habits. According to the Marxist perspective, historical change is dictated by socio-economic structures, which means that laws largely determine the realization of the telos of the class struggle. See also Conatus Dysteleology Metaphysics Plato Polytely Teleological argument Teleonomy References External links Teleological Notions in Biology, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Alexander, Victoria N. Narrative Telos: The Ordering Tendencies of Chance. Dactyl Foundation. Action (philosophy) Aristotelianism Concepts in ancient Greek metaphysics Concepts in social philosophy Philosophy of Aristotle Teleology