to serve customers. Critical response Bouie v. City of Columbia was one of five cases involving segregation protests that were decided on June 22, 1964. The other four cases were Griffin v. Maryland, 378 U.S. 130 (1964), Barr v. City of Columbia, 378 U.S. 146 (1964), Robinson v. Florida, 378 U.S. 153 (1964), and Bell v. Maryland. In none of these cases did the Supreme Court reach the merits of any argument addressing whether private actions of segregation that are enforced by state courts constituted a state action, which violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. These decisions were announced two days after the Senate ended a filibuster and passed the bill which would become the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed segregation in public accommodations. It has been suggested that the Supreme Court refrained from reaching the merits in these cases in consideration of the Act; had it done so, it would have eliminated the basis for passage of the legislation. See also Civil Rights Movement List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 378 References External links 1964 in United States case law African-American history of South Carolina Allen University History of Columbia, South Carolina Lunch counters Restaurants in South Carolina United States racial desegregation case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court Void for vagueness case law Civil rights movement case law