and "river" or "water" (kho), which are considered vital component required for human survival. The benevolent gods manifest in the form of the mountain and river, giving life to the people. Therefore, the Pham-Kho festival is a harvesting festival celebrated by Bugun (Khowa) community of Arunachal Pradesh. Other Important festival of Buguns are Kshyat-Sowai and Diying-Kho. Especially in Sraiba (a holy place with a ground for worship and related rituals) of every major villages, Kshyat-Sowai/Diying-Kho and Pham Kho is celebrated by the Bugun, in which the Phabi priest plays an important role in conducting the ceremony and religious rituals. Songs and dances such as Clown and Gasyo-Syo have a close affiliation with their religion. Feasts during these festivals mainly includes their traditional foods and Phua (local brew). Government Traditionally, Buguns have their own socio-politico-administrative decision-making system to regulate their society. The traditional village council of the Bugun (Khowa) is known as Nimiyang (Council of Elders), which looks after every aspect of village life, may it be decision-making, utilization of local resources, conflict resolution or regulating the society. Each family is represented in the Nimiang sessions by its head male member. The traditional village council of buguns are headed by Thap-Bkhow (Village-Chief). The Thap-Bkhow is an accepted leader and selected unanimously and not hereditary. There is no strict criterion for selection of the Thap-Bakhow, but a person with economic affluence, social stature, knowledge of customary laws, sound mentality, physical strength and generosity are taken into consideration. He presides over the meetings and sittings of the Nimiyang session. It is customary that only male member possessing above qualities can become Thap-Bakhow. Women may witnesses proceedings of the Nimiyang sessions, but can only contribute if its male member is absent. Migration Migration of Buguns to its present location are unknown. However, their mythology reveals that they have probably migrated from Tibet via East Kameng.(Buguns are subdivided into sections according to their specific locality known by different names:-Hakhongdua, Braidua, Khuchundua, Hajidua Dachandua and Hayindua). Bugun villages Some of the Bugun villages are:- Wanghoo, Dikhiyang, Singchung, Lichini, Ramu, Namfri/Mangopam Chitu, Sachida, Diching, Kaspi, Bichom (a Model Village which partially included people from Lichini, Ramu, Chitu, Sachida,). Tenga Market under Singchung and Nag Mandir of Kaspi are main market places for them. Dahung. Buguns relation with neighbouring tribes Buguns maintained good relations with their neighbouring tribes since they are surrounded by tribes like Sherdukpen, Aka (Hrusso),