but they were also paid the same wage as men. Furthermore, it was a forum for such topics as sports, education, politics, etc., all of which were traditionally male topics. The journalists on La Fronde had to go to great lengths to ensure their access to places which were not open to women, such as Parliament. They would also use pseudonyms, such as Severine, which was the pseudonym of well-known anarchist contributor Caroline Rémy de Guebhard. It was these practices which both concerned and created public interest in the paper. It was widely critiqued as militantly feminist, imitating male styles of writing, and confusing by its representation of conflicting perspectives which lacked continuity. But this last critique was likely in actuality an enactment of the popular strategy in nineteenth century feminism to deconstruct republicanism by pointing out contradictions and inconsistencies. For instance, its inclusion of women who were solely mothers and those in the workforce contested the singularity of women's so-called destiny. La Fronde monumentally fostered the concept that women were knowledgeable and opinionated on traditionally male issues and spheres, and actively criticized fanciful representations of women in literature and the media. References External links Digitized issues of La Fronde (1897–1901) from issus du fonds de la Bibliothèque Marguerite-Durand Library's collection (Paris). M.net, ICT Business news and information Durand's biography 1897 establishments in France 1905 disestablishments in France Defunct newspapers published in France Feminism in France Feminist newspapers French Third Republic Publications established in 1897 Publications disestablished in 1905 Newspapers published in Paris