France – Guillotine Archibald Low (1882–1956), UK – Pioneer of radio guidance systems Ed Lowe (1920–1995), U.S. – Cat litter Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001), Russia – Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822–1882), Poland – Kerosene lamp Auguste and Louis Lumière (1862–1954 and 1864–1948), France – Cinématographe Cai Lun, 蔡倫 (50–121), China – paper Giovanni Luppis or Ivan Vukić (1813–1875), Austrian Empire (ethnical Croatian, from Rijeka) – self-propelled torpedo Richard F. Lyon (born 1952), U.S. – Optical mouse Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984), Russia – first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines M Charles Macintosh (1766–1843), Scotland – waterproof raincoat, life vest Theodore Maiman (1927–2007), U.S. – Laser, see also Gordon Gould Ahmed Majan (born 1963), UAE – instrumented racehorse saddle and others Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966), Russia/Germany – Orbitrap mass spectrometer Stepan Makarov (1849–1904), Russia – Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice Victor Makeev (1924–1985), Russia – first submarine-launched ballistic missile Nestor Makhno (1888–1934), Ukraine/Russia – tachanka Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov (1896–1964), Russia – Maksutov telescope Annie Malone (1869–1957), U.S. – Cosmetics for African American women Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937), Russia – designed the first matryoshka doll (together with Vasily Zvyozdochkin) Al-Ma'mun (786–833), Iraq – singing bird automata, terrestrial globe Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007), Russia – reflectron (ion mirror) George William Manby (1765–1854), UK – Fire extinguisher Harry Mendell US - invented the first digital sampling synthesizer Joy Mangano (born 1956), U.S. – household appliances Anna Mangin (1844-1931), American inventor, educator, caterer and women's rights campaigner Charles Mantoux (1877–1947), France – Mantoux test (tuberculosis) Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), Italy – radio telegraphy Gheorghe Marinescu (1863–1938), Romania – the first science films in the world in the neurology clinic in Bucharest (1898–1901) Sylvester Marsh (1803–1884), U.S. – Marsh rack railway system Konosuke Matsushita (1894–1989), Japan – battery-powered Bicycle lighting Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585), Syria/Egypt/Turkey – steam turbine, six-cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump, framed sextant Alex Mashinsky (born 1965), U.S. - VoIP John Landis Mason (1826–1902), U.S. – Mason jars Fujio Masuoka (born 1943), Japan – Flash memory John W. Mauchly (1907–1980), U.S. – ENIAC – the first general purpose programmable digital computer Henry Maudslay (1771–1831), UK – screw-cutting lathe, bench micrometer Hiram Maxim (1840–1916), U.S. born, UK – First self-powered machine gun James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) and Thomas Sutton, Scotland – color photography Stanley Mazor (born 1941), U.S. – microprocessor John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), Scotland –