with the bell turned upward.) In 1738, the well-known horn player Anton Joseph Hampel served as a godfather at the baptism of a daughter of the renowned Dresden lutenist Silvius Leopold Weiss. In the baptismal register he was described as "Lituista Regius"—"royal lituus player". In the second half of the 18th century the lituus was described in one source as a Latin name for the trumpet or horn. A number of musical compositions from the Baroque era specify an instrument by the Latin name lituus, including Bach's motet O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht (BWV 118), a partita attributed to Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, as well as several masses and concertos by Johann Valentin Rathgeber. Scientists from Edinburgh University tried to recreate the lituus used by Bach in May 2009, in the form of a long wooden trumpet, assuming the word does not refer to the horn and the instrument had been out of use for 300 years. References Further reading Gessner, Conrad. 1555. "Descriptio Montis Fracti iuxta Lvcernam, et primum Chorographica, praefertim quod ad paludem Pilati in eo memorabilem". In his De raris et admirandis herbis qvae sive qvod noctv luceant, siue alias ob causas, lunariae nominantur, commentariolus : & obiter de alijs etiam rebus quæ in tenebris lucent : inferunter & icones quedam herbarum nove: eivsdem descriptio Montis Fracti, siue Montis Pilati, iuxta Lucernam in Heluetia: his accedvnt Io. Dv Chovl G.F. Lugdunensis, Pilati Montis in Gallia descriptio: Io Rhellicani Stockhornias, qua Stockhornus mons altissimus in Bernensium Heluetiorum agro, versibus heroicis describitur, 45–67. Tigvri [Zurich]: Apud Andream Gesnerum F. & Iacobvm Gesnerum, frates. Meucci, Renato. 1989. "Roman Military Instruments and the Lituus". The Galpin Society Journal 42 (August): 85–97. Szadrowsky, H. 1867–68. "Die Musik und die tonerzeugende Instrumente der Alpenbewohner: Eine kulturhistorische Skizze". Jahrbuch des schweizer Alpenclubs 4:275–352. Ancient Roman religion Ancient Roman musical instruments Natural horns and trumpets hu:Lituus (egyértelműsítő lap)