products, 120 US and foreign patents James Gregory (1638–1675), Scotland – Gregorian telescope William Griggs (1832–1911), England – a process of photolithography William Robert Grove (1811–1896), Wales – fuel cell Gustav Guanella (1909–1982), Switzerland – DSSS, Guanella-Balun Otto von Guericke (1602–1686), Germany – vacuum pump, manometer, dasymeter Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976), Russia – MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan) Goldsworthy Gurney (1793–1875), England – Gurney Stove Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685–1724), Brazil – early air balloons Johann Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), Germany – movable type printing press Samuel Guthrie (physician) (1782–1848), U.S. – discovered chloroform H Fritz Haber (1868–1934), Germany – Haber process (ammonia synthesis) John Hadley (1682–1744), UK – Octant Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Russia/Switzerland – first anti-cholera and anti-plague vaccines Gunther von Hagens (born 1945), Germany – whole body Plastination Charles Hall (1863–1914), U.S. – aluminum production Robert N. Hall (1919–2016), U.S. – Semiconductor laser Samuel Hall (1782–1863), UK – condenser to enable recycling of water in ship's steam engine Tracy Hall (1919–2008), U.S. – synthetic diamond Nicholas Halse (died 1636), England – malt kiln Richard Hamming (1915–1998), U.S. – Hamming code John Hays Hammond Jr. (1888–1965), U.S. – radio control Ruth Handler (1916–2002), U.S. – Barbie doll James Hargreaves (1720–1778), UK – spinning jenny John Harington (1561–1612), UK – the flush toilet William Snow Harris (1791–1867), UK – much improved naval Lightning rods John Harrison (1693–1776), UK – marine chronometer Ross Granville Harrison (1870–1959), U.S. – first successful animal Tissue culture, Cell culture Kazuo Hashimoto (died 1995), Japan – Caller-ID, answering machine Victor Hasselblad (1906–1978), Sweden – invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1039), Iraq – camera obscura, pinhole camera, magnifying glass George H. Heilmeier (1936–2014), U.S. – liquid crystal display (LCD) Henry Heimlich (1920–2016), U.S. – Heimlich maneuver Robert A. Heinlein (1907–1988), U.S. – waterbed Jozef Karol Hell (1713–1789), Slovakia – the water pillar Rudolf Hell (1901–2002), Germany – the Hellschreiber Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Germany – Helmholtz pitch notation, Helmholtz resonator, ophthalmoscope Zhang Heng (78–139), China – Seismometer, first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere Beulah Louise Henry (1887–1973), U.S. – bobbin-free sewing machine, vacuum ice cream freezer Charles H. Henry (1937-2016), U.S. – Quantum well laser Joseph Henry (1797–1878), Scotland/U.S. – electromagnetic relay Félix d'Herelle (1873–1949), together with Giorgi Eliava (1892–1937), France,Georgia – Phage therapy Heron (c. 10–70), Roman Egypt –