Street) is very typical of the medieval Montpellier. The mikve, ritual Jewish bath, dates back to the 12th century and is one of very few old mikves preserved in Europe. The Jardin des plantes de Montpellier—oldest botanical garden in France, founded in 1593 The La Serre Amazonienne, a tropical rain forest greenhouse The 14th-century Saint Pierre Cathedral The Porte du Peyrou, a triumphal arch built at the end of the 17th century, and the Place Royal du Peyrou built in the 17th century, are the highest point of the Ecusson. The Tour des Pins, the only remaining of 25 towers of the city medieval walls, built around 1200. The Tour de la Babotte, a medieval tower which was modified in the 18th century to house an observatory. The Saint Clément Aqueduct, built in the 18th century. The Antigone District was designed by the postmodern architect Ricardo Bofill from Catalonia, Spain A number of châteaux (such as Château de Flaugergues, Château de la Mogère or Château d'O), so-called follies, built during the 18th century by wealthy merchants surround the city Nearly 80 private mansions were built in the city center from the 17th to 19th century, and some of their interior courtyards are open Education History The University of Montpellier is one of the oldest in the world, founded in 1160, and having been granted a charter in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad von Urach and confirmed by Pope Nicholas IV in a papal bull of 1289. It was suppressed during the French Revolution but was re-established in 1896. It is not known exactly at what date the schools of literature were founded which developed into the Montpellier faculty of arts; it may be that they were a direct continuation of the Gallo-Roman schools. The school of law was founded by Placentinus, a doctor from Bologna University, who came to Montpellier in 1160, taught there during two different periods, and died there in 1192. With regard to the school of medicine, there were excellent physicians at Montpellier. The statutes given in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad, legate of Honorius III, which were completed in 1240 by Pierre de Conques, placed this school under the direction of the Bishop of Maguelonne. Pope Nicholas IV issued a Bull in 1289, combining all the schools into a university, which was placed under the direction of the bishop, but which in fact enjoyed a large measure of