Geropsychology Police and public safety psychology Sleep psychology Rehabilitation psychology Group psychology and group psychotherapy Forensic psychology Industrial and organizational psychology Psychoanalysis Counseling psychology Serious mental illness psychology Clinical psychopharmacology Clinical psychologists receive training in a number of psychological therapies, including behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, existential, psychodynamic, and systemic approaches, as well as in-depth training in psychological testing, and to some extent, neuropsychological testing. Services Clinical psychologists can offer a range of professional services, including: Psychological treatment (psychotherapy) Administering, scoring, and interpreting psychological tests Prescribing medications (in some States) Conducting psychological research Teaching Developing prevention programs Consulting Program administration Expert testimony Supervision of students or other mental health professionals In practice, clinical psychologists might work with individuals, couples, families, or groups in a variety of settings, including private practices, hospitals, community mental health centers, schools, businesses, and non-profit agencies. Most clinical psychologists who engage in research and teaching do so within a college or university setting. Clinical psychologists may also choose to specialize in a particular field. Prescriptive Authority for Psychologists (RxP) Psychologists in the United States campaigned for legislative changes to enable specially-trained psychologists to prescribe psychotropic medications. Legislation in Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Illinois has granted those who complete an additional master's degree program in clinical psychopharmacology authority to prescribe medications for mental and emotional disorders. , Louisiana is the only state where the licensing and regulation of the practice of medical psychology by medical psychologists (MPs) is regulated by a medical board (the Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners) rather than a board of psychologists. While other states have pursued prescriptive authority, they have not succeeded. Similar legislation in the states of Hawaii and Oregon passed through their respective legislative bodies, but in each case the legislation was vetoed by the state's governor. In 1989, the U.S Department of Defense was directed to create the Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (PDP). By 1997, ten psychologists were trained in psychopharmacology and granted the ability to prescribe psychiatric medications. Licensure The practice of clinical psychology requires a license in the United States and Canada. Although each of the U.S. states is different in terms of requirements and licenses (see and for examples), there are three common requirements: Graduation from an accredited school with the appropriate degree Completion of supervised clinical experience Passing a written and/or oral examination All U.S. state and Canada provincial licensing boards are members of the Association