This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations. Population With an estimated population of 10,516,707 as of 2022, compared to 9.3 million at the beginning of the 20th century, the population growth of the Czech Republic has been limited, due to low fertility rates and loss of population in and around World Wars I and II. Population loss during World War I was approximately 350,000. At the beginning of World War II the population of the Czech Republic reached its maximum (11.2 million). Due to the expulsion of the German residents after World War II, the Czech Republic lost about 3 million inhabitants and in 1947 the population was only 8.8 million. Population growth resumed, and in 1994 the population was 10.33 million. From 1994 to 2003 natural growth was slightly negative (−0.15% per year) and the population decreased to 10.2 million. Since 2005, natural growth has been positive, but in recent times the most important influence on the population of the Czech Republic has been immigration: approximately 300,000 during the 2010s. One birth every 5 minutes One death every 5 minutes One net migrant every 44 minutes Net gain of one person every 131 minutes Total population Life expectancy total population: 79.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 56th male: 76.55 years female: 82.61 years (2021 est.) Death rate 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population. Infant mortality rate Fertility Population density and urban areas Age structure 2020 0–14 years: 15.17% (male 834,447 /female 789,328) 15–24 years: 9.2% (male 508,329 /female 475,846) 25–54 years: 43.29% (male 2,382,899 /female 2,249,774) 55–64 years: 12.12% (male 636,357 /female 660,748) 65 years and over: 20.23% (male 907,255 /female 1,257,515) Median age total: 43.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 28th male: 42 years female: 44.7 years (2020 est.) Vital statistics Source: Czech Demographic Handbook 2007 Current vital statistics Education Literacy definition: NA total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2011 est.) Employment and income Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 Total: 8%. Country comparison to the world: 155rd Male: 7.2% Female: 9.2% (2020 est.) Ethnic groups The majority of the million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguistically Czech (95%). They are descendants of Slavic people from the