specific names based on wild species, which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic forms", confirming Bos primigenius for the aurochs and Bos gaurus for the gaur. If domesticated cattle and gayal are considered separate species, they are to be named Bos taurus and Bos frontalis; however, if they are considered part of the same species as their wild relatives, the common species are to be named Bos primigenius and Bos gaurus. During the 2010s, analysis of the complex genetics of the bovine lineages determined that the genus Bison needed to be relegated to a subgenus of Bos in order to retain monophyly within Bos since both extant species of Bison are phylogenetically embedded within Bos. The specific relationships in these analyses determined that the two living bison species were each other's closest living relatives, with their closest relatives amongst Bos being the yaks based on nuclear DNA. The mitochondrial DNA for the wisent was found to contradict the nuclear DNA result, and was more closely related to those of cattle, while the mitochondrial DNA of the American bison supported the nuclear DNA result of a close relationship with yaks. The discrepancy between the mitochondrial DNA of the American bison and wisent is suggested to be likely due to incomplete lineage sorting or genetic introgression into B. bonasus from other Bos species. Species The following species are known: Subgenus Bos Bos taurus (domestic cattle) B. t. taurus (Taurine cattle) B. t. africanus (Sanga cattle) Bos (taurus) indicus (zebu or indicine cattle) †Bos primigenius (aurochs) †B. p. primigenius (Eurasian aurochs) †B. p. mauritanicus (North African aurochs) †B. p. namadicus (Indian aurochs) †Bos acutifrons †Bos buiaensis Subgenus Bibos Bos gaurus (gaur or Indian bison) Bos frontalis (gayal) Bos javanicus (banteng) B. j. domesticus (Bali cattle) †Bos palaesondaicus Subgenus Novibos (could be a synonym of Bibos) †?Bos sauveli (kouprey) (possibly extinct) Subgenus Poephagus Bos mutus (wild yak) Bos grunniens (domestic yak) †Bos baikalensis Subgenus Bison (traditionally treated as a separate genus) Bos bison (American bison) B. b. bison (plains bison) B. b. athabascae (wood bison) Bos bonasus (wisent or European bison) B. b. bonasus (lowland wisent) †B. b. hungarorum (Carpathian wisent) †B. b. caucasicus (dombay or Caucasian wisent) †Bos priscus (Steppe wisent) †Bos antiquus †Bos hanaizumiensis †Bos latifrons †Bos menneri †Bos occidentalis †Bos schoetensacki †Bos palaeosinensis †Bos sivalensis †Bos georgicus See also Bovine genome Bull (mythology) References External links Vasey,