who had not yet achieved suffrage, became less central to the movement in the early 1900s. Other causes Prohibition agendas also became popular among factory owners, who strove for more efficiency during a period of increased industrialization. For this reason, industrial leaders such as Henry Ford and S.S. Kresge supported Prohibition. The cause of the sober factory worker was related to the cause of women temperance leaders: concerned mothers protested against the enslavement of factory workers, as well as the temptation which saloons offered to these workers. Efficiency was also an important argument for the government because it wanted its soldiers to be sober. At the end of the nineteenth century, temperance movement opponents started to criticize the slave trade in Africa. This came during the last period of rapid colonial expansion. Slavery and the alcohol trade in colonies were seen as two closely related problems, and they were frequently called "the twin oppressors of the people". Again, this subject tied in with the ideas of civilization and effectiveness: temperance advocates raised the issue that the "natives" could not be properly "civilized" and put to work, if they were provided with the vice of alcohol. See also List of Temperance organizations Temperance songs Moralism War on Drugs Wedding of the Weddings in Poland Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Coffee House Alcoholics Anonymous Nazirite Notes References Bibliography External links Alliance House Foundation World Woman's Christian Temperance Union IOGT International Standard encyclopedia of the alcohol problem President Rutherford B. Hayes White House Temperance Shapell Manuscript Foundation Temperance news page – Alcohol and Drugs History Society Fitzpatricks Herbal Health and Cordials See more images from temperance movement by selecting the "Alcohol" subject at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection, Cornell University Library Benjamin Rush's An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind (1812) 1813 establishments in Massachusetts 19th-century reform movements 19th century in the United States Civil rights and liberties History of the United States Prohibition Social movements Feminism and history Social conservatism