chief gods Freyr and Njord with a number of others, are represented along with the Æsir in Asgard, but it seems probable that it was in the underworld." Davidson notes a connection between the Vanir and "the land-spirits who dwelt in mounds and hills and in water [...]. Rudolf Simek claims that Snorri "unquestionably" invented the name Vanaheimr as a Vanir counterpart to Asgard, but does not mention the Vafþrúðnismál reference. Notes References Bellows, Henry Adams (Trans.) (1923). The Poetic Edda. American-Scandinavian Foundation Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2005). The Prose Edda. Penguin Classics. Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1993). The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe. Routledge. Hollander, Lee Milton. (Trans.) (2007). Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. University of Texas Press. McKinnell, John (2005). Meeting the Other in Norse Myth and Legend. DS Brewer. Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer. Thorpe, Benjamin (Trans) (1866) The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson. Norrœna Society. Locations in Norse mythology Vanir