the academic movement to subject the Bible to historical and literary criticism. In 1879 Bauer published (Christ and the Caesars), and in 1882 he published (Disraeli's Romantic and Bismarck's Socialist Imperialism). Bauer's final book on theology, Christ and the Caesars (1879), was his crowning effort to justify Hegel's position that Christian theology owed at least as much to Greco-Roman classical philosophy as it owed to Judaism. Bruno Bauer died at Rixdorf in 1882. Conflict with David Strauss Shortly after the death of Hegel, another writer, David Strauss, who had been a reader of Hegel's writings, arrived in Berlin (1831). As a student of Friedrich Schleiermacher he wrote a controversial book which is now famous, entitled, The Life of Jesus Critically Examined, usually referred to as The Life of Jesus (1835). In this book David Strauss announced his own landmark theory of 'demythologization' as an approach to the Gospels, but he also attempted to use Hegel's name and fame in the dedication of his book. In the year of its publication, Strauss's book raised a storm of controversy. The Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV tightened control of the Prussian University system, favoring an ultra-conservative approach to the New Testament. He strongly objected to the writing of David Strauss, and so he also blamed the Hegelian school in general, partly because Strauss had named Hegel in his dedication. Bruno Bauer, now 26 years old, was chosen by the Hegelians to refute David Strauss in the Hegelian (Journal of Philosophical Criticism). Bauer demonstrated that Strauss had thoroughly misrepresented Hegel. Bauer also demonstrated that David Strauss' dialectic was taken from Schleiermacher (who was antagonistic toward Hegel). Although Strauss's book had sold well throughout Europe, in 1838 Strauss published a rebuttal to Bruno Bauer in a booklet entitled, In Defense of my Life of Jesus against the Hegelians (1838). In that book Strauss admitted publicly that his position had not been inspired by Hegel's philosophy after all, nor by Hegel's theology (and its dialectical Trinity). This firmly divorced Strauss of the Hegelian philosophy. However, in this final exchange with the Hegelians, David Strauss criticized them in a way that became famous. Strauss invented terms still in use today: a Right Hegelian would uncritically defend all positions of orthodox Christian theology, he said, while a Left Hegelian takes a liberal and progressive approach to Scripture. The Prussian monarch, objecting to these debates, banned many Hegelians from