the research results imply that it is not applicable for any specific individual, but may be applicable to a group. Vagueness: Some important principles of graphology are vague enough to allow significant room for a graphologist to skew interpretations to suit a subject or preconceived conclusion. For example, one of the main concepts in the theory of Ludwig Klages is form-niveau (or form-level): the overall level of originality, beauty, harmony, style, etc. of a person's handwriting—a quality that, according to Klages, can be perceived but not measured. According to this theory, the same sign has a positive or negative meaning depending on the subject's overall character and personality as revealed by the form-niveau. In practice, this can lead the graphologist to interpret signs positively or negatively depending on whether the subject has high or low social status. Approaches Each approach to handwriting analysis has spawned several systems. Integrative graphology focuses on strokes and their relation to personality. Graphoanalysis was the most influential system in the United States, between 1929 and 2000. Holistic graphology is based on form, movement, and use of space. There are several methods that use psychographs or psychograms, specific diagrams, to analyze handwriting. Four academic institutions offer an accredited degree in handwriting analysis: The University of Urbino, Italy: MA (Graphology) Instituto Superior Emerson, Buenos Aires, Argentina: BA (Graphology) Centro de Estudios Superiores (CES), Buenos Aires, Argentina: BA (Graphology) Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain: MA (Graphology) Vocabulary Every system of handwriting analysis has its own vocabulary. Even though two or more systems may share the same words, the meanings of those words may be different. The technical meaning of a word used by a handwriting analyst, and the common meaning is not congruent. Resentment, for example, in common usage, means annoyance. In graphoanalysis, the term indicates a fear of imposition. Legal considerations In Hungary A report by the Hungarian Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information says that handwriting analysis without informed consent is a privacy violation. In the United States Employment law A 2001 advisory opinion letter from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission responded to a question regarding "whether it is legal to use an analysis of an applicant's handwriting as an employment screening tool. You also ask whether it is legal to ask the applicant's age and use of medications to allow for variants in his/her handwriting." The letter advised that in