or chromatic runs and will test the range of any player; they have very quick tempos, as well as complicated rhythms and syncopation. Example marches are "Entry of the Gladiators", "Washington Grays", and "Battle of Shiloh". Grade 6: A rare difficulty. Usually found in greater works such as a symphonies, which typically contain mixed meters and intricate rhythms and harmonies. Instrumentation A 'correct' general description of the original instrumentation of (American) march bands is unlikely, as these bands were extremely varied through the 19th and early 20th centuries and most march music was written by composers for their own bands. Thus, almost all bands accumulated marches in repertoire that were written for their specific instrumentation. On the other hand, marches were also written for specific instrumentation to be determined "locally". That is, composers simply wrote a piano version of a march which was given to the publisher to arrange the different parts for concert or marching band, or orchestra, etc. Still, modern repertoire and arrangements are typically scored for: C piccolo C flute oboe bassoon B clarinet E alto clarinet B bass clarinet E alto saxophone B tenor saxophone E baritone saxophone Trumpet in B Cornet Euphonium French horn (in F) Trombone Tuba Timpani Keyboard instrument (usually glockenspiel) Snare drum Bass drum Clash cymbals Assignments and roles of instrument sections Generally, the several instrument sections of an American march band serve the various roles of performing a typical march as follows: Trumpets and cornets almost always carry the melody. They also may be scored various "flourishes" and "calls" for effect. Clarinets, flutes, and piccolos also carry the melody, and are assigned obbligatos and other integral lines. The tubas and other basses usually carry the bassline, providing the "oom" of the "oom-pah" sound of cut time marches (see French horns, below); they also provide the tonal foundation of the march, and assist to control volume and tempo. French horns almost always carry the rhythmic backup of a march. For example, in cut time marches, they are typically assigned upbeats to provide the "pah" for the stylistic "oom-pah" sound. In 6/8 marches, French horns play on: beat 1, the li of 1, beat 2, and the li of 2, (or, 1–la–li–2–la–li, see solmization); thus, the measure is one eighth note, then an eighth rest, then two eighth notes, an eighth rest, then a final eighth note. The euphonium often carries the melody,