eventually turned away from it in the 1990s, due to critiques by Nancy Cartwright, Michael Redhead, and others. In 2005, he wrote that he rejected the many-worlds interpretation because he could see no way for it to yield meaningful probabilities. He found both de Broglie–Bohm theory and the spontaneous collapse theory of Ghirardi, Rimini, and Weber to be promising, yet also dissatisfying, since it was not clear that either could be made fully consistent with special relativity's symmetry requirements. Neopragmatism and Wittgenstein In the mid-1970s, Putnam became increasingly disillusioned with what he perceived as modern analytic philosophy's "scientism" and focus on metaphysics over ethics and everyday concerns. He also became convinced by his readings of James and John Dewey that there is no fact–value dichotomy; that is, normative (e.g., ethical and aesthetic) judgments often have a factual basis, while scientific judgments have a normative element. For a time, under Ludwig Wittgenstein's influence, Putnam adopted a pluralist view of philosophy itself and came to view most philosophical problems as no more than conceptual or linguistic confusions philosophers created by using ordinary language out of context. A book of articles on pragmatism by Ruth Anna Putnam and Hilary Putnam, Pragmatism as a Way of Life: The Lasting Legacy of William James and John Dewey, edited by David Macarthur, was published in 2017. Many of Putnam's last works addressed the concerns of ordinary people, particularly social problems. For example, he wrote about the nature of democracy, social justice and religion. He also discussed Jürgen Habermas's ideas, and wrote articles influenced by continental philosophy. Major works and bibliography Vincent C. Müller compiled a detailed bibliography of Putnam's writings, citing 16 books and 198 articles, published in 1993 in PhilPapers. 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 2nd. ed., 1985 paperback: 2003 paperback: 2004 paperback: 2002 paperback: Based on the Gifford Lectures that Putnam delivered at the University of St Andrews in 1990 and 1991. See also American philosophy List of American philosophers References Further reading External links Hilary Putnam's blog, Sardonic comment, as stated by Putnam in "Hookway and Quine", Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, vol. 51, no. 4, 2015, pp. 495–507. London Review of Books contributor page Hilary Putnam: On Mind, Meaning and Reality , Interview by Josh Harlan, The Harvard Review of Philosophy, Spring 1992. "To Think with Integrity" , Hilary Putnam's Farewell Lecture, The Harvard Review of Philosophy, Spring