not Ção). According to a Portuguese grammar written in 1550, the letter ç had the sound of /dz/ around that time. Another grammar written around 1700 would say that the letter ç sounds like /s/, which shows a phonetic evolution that is still valid today. Old Spanish used ç to represent /t͡s/ before /a/, /o/, /u/. It also represented /d͡z/ allophonically when it occurred before a voiced consonant. Early Modern Spanish used the letter ç to represent either /θ/ or /s/ before /a/, /o/, and /u/ in much the same way as Modern Spanish uses the letter z. Middle Castilian Spanish pronounced ç as /θ/, or as /ð/ before a voiced consonant. Andalusian, Canarian, and Latin American Spanish pronounced ç as /s/, or as /z/ before a voiced consonant. A spelling reform in the 18th century eliminated ç from Spanish orthography. In other languages, it represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate (like in English chalk): Friulian (c cun cedilie) before , , or at the end of a word. In Manx, it is used in the digraph , which also represents , to differentiate it from normal , which represents . In loanwords only In Basque, (known as ze hautsia) is used in the loanword Curaçao. In Dutch, it can be found in some words from French and Portuguese, such as façade, reçu, Provençaals and Curaçao. In English, is used in loanwords such as façade and limaçon (although the cedilla mark is often dropped: , ). Usage as a separate letter in various languages It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate in the following languages: the 4th letter of the Albanian alphabet. the 4th letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet. the 4th letter of the Turkish alphabet. the 3rd letter of the Turkmen alphabet. the 4th letter of the Kurmanji alphabet (also known as Northern Kurdish). the 4th letter of the Zazaki alphabet. In the 2020 version of the Latin Kazakh Alphabet, the letter represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate , which is similar to . It previously represented a voiceless palatal click in Juǀʼhoansi and Naro, though the former has replaced it with and the latter with . The similarly shaped letter the (Ҫ ҫ) is used in the Cyrillic alphabets of Bashkir and Chuvash to represent and , respectively. In Tatar, ç represents . It also represents the retroflex flap in the Rohingya Latin alphabet. Janalif uses this letter to represent the