Trillium chloropetalum, also known as giant trillium, giant wakerobin, or common trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is endemic to the western U.S. state of California, being especially frequent in and around the San Francisco Bay Area. Description Trillium chloropetalum is a perennial, clump-forming herbaceous plant with a thick underground rhizome. Like all trilliums, it has a whorl of three bracts (leaves) and a single trimerous flower with 3 sepals, 3 petals, two whorls of 3 stamens each, and 3 carpels fused into a single ovary with 3 stigmas. Since its flower has no stalk, T. chloropetalum belongs to subgenus Sessilium, the sessile-flowered trilliums. It is one of the largest of all Trillium species, with a scape (stem) from long. The bracts are broadly ovate, long and wide, usually with brownish mottling but sometimes unmottled. Petal color is highly variable, typically ranging from pale greenish yellow to greenish bronze (or purplish green) to dark purple. A variety that lacks yellow pigments has petal colors ranging from white to reddish-purple. The flower petals enclose purple stamens, long, and a purple ovary. Flowering occurs from late February to early April. In the San Francisco Bay Area, a white-petaled form of T. chloropetalum is often confused with T. albidum, which also has white petals. The former is distinguished by the purple pigment in its anther connective tissue, a character lacking in T. albidum. Taxonomy In 1856, John Torrey described Trillium sessile var. chloropetalum based on a specimen collected by John Milton Bigelow two years earlier in the "redwoods" of California. At the time, Bigelow was exploring the valleys and tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, but the precise original location of his specimen remains unknown. In 1903, Thomas Jefferson Howell described the species Trillium chloropetalum based on Torrey's variety. The epithet chloropetalum means "green-petaled". In 1975, John Daniel Freeman published an influential revision of subgenus Sessilium that included the description of a new species Trillium albidum and a completely new circumscription of Trillium chloropetalum . By separating out white-flowered T. albidum, Freeman was able to provide a rational circumscription of T. chloropetalum that includes the following taxa: Trillium chloropetalum var. chloropetalum Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum The petals of T. chloropetalum var. chloropetalum always show yellow pigments but these are often masked by purple or other pigments. In contrast, the petals of T. chloropetalum var. giganteum