may incidentally be awarded compensation by a criminal court judge. Evidence from a criminal trial is generally admissible as evidence in a civil action about the same matter. For example, the victim of a road accident does not directly benefit if the driver who injured them is found guilty of the crime of careless driving. The victim still has to prove his case in a civil action, unless the doctrine of collateral estoppel applies, as it does in most American jurisdictions. The victim may be able to prove their civil case even when the driver is found not guilty in the criminal trial, because the standard to determine guilt is higher than the standard to determine fault. However, if a driver is found by a civil jury not to have been negligent, a prosecutor may be estopped from charging them criminally. If the plaintiff has shown that the defendant is liable, the main remedy in a civil court is the amount of money, or "damages", which the defendant should pay to the plaintiff. Alternative civil remedies include restitution or transfer of property, or an injunction to restrain or order certain actions. The standards of proof are higher in a criminal case than in a civil one, since the state does not wish to risk punishing an innocent person. In English law the prosecution must prove the guilt of a criminal "beyond reasonable doubt"; but the plaintiff in a civil action is required to prove his case "on the balance of probabilities". Thus, in a criminal case a crime cannot be proven if the person or persons judging it doubt the guilt of the suspect and have a reason (not just a feeling or intuition) for this doubt. But in a civil case, the court will weigh all the evidence and decide what is most probable. Civil procedural types Civil procedure is traditionally divided into inquisitorial and adversarial. Civil procedure by country Australia Brazil Canada England and Wales Germany India Netherlands Romania Scotland South Africa United States See also Affirmative defense Civil Justice Fairness Act Criminal procedure Jurisdiction Laches Objection Prejudice (law) Statute of limitations Summary judgment Time constraints Trial de novo References External links Civil Procedure Rules applying to England and Wales Complete text of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Cornell Univ.) Rhode Island Civil Court Rules of Procedure - Optimized by a Constable from the law library at the