Norwegian Academy of Sciences. In October 1990, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility awarded him its Norbert Wiener Award for Social and Professional Responsibility. In 1999, he and Dahl became the first people to receive the then new Rosing Prize, awarded by the Norwegian Data Association for exceptional professional achievements. In June 2000, he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship for "his originating of object technology concepts" by the Object Management Group, a technical standards group for object-orientation, which maintains several International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. In November 2001, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Nygaard and Dahl the IEEE John von Neumann Medal "For the introduction of the concepts underlying object-oriented programming through the design and implementation of Simula 67". In February 2002, he was given, once more with Ole-Johan Dahl, the 2001 A. M. Turing Award by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), with the citation: "For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67." In August 2000, he was made Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav by then King Harald V of Norway. Other activities In 1984 and 1985, Nygaard was chairman of the Informatics Committee of the University of Oslo, and active in the design of the university's plan for developing research, education and computing and communication facilities at all faculties of the university. He was the first chairman of the Environment Protection Committee of the Norwegian Association for the Protection of Nature. He was for 10 years (in the 1970s) Norwegian representative in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) activities on information technology. He has been a member of the Research Committee of the Norwegian Federation of Trade Unions, and cooperated with unions in many countries. For several years, he was engaged in running an experimental social institution trying new ways to create humane living conditions for socially outcast alcoholics. Nygaard was active in Norwegian politics. In the mid and late 1960s, he was a member of the National Executive Committee of the Norwegian Liberal Party, and chair of that party's Strategy Committee. He was a minor ballot candidate in the 1949 parliamentary election. During the intense political fight before the 1972 referendum on whether Norway should become a member of the European Common Market (later the European Union), he worked as coordinator for the many