angle of attack) as flow accelerates from zero, and moves backwards as the flow accelerates. Once the initial transient effects have died out, the stagnation point is at the trailing edge as required by the Kutta condition. Mathematically, the Kutta condition enforces a specific choice among the infinite allowed values of circulation. See also Kutta–Joukowski theorem Horseshoe vortex Starting vortex References L. J. Clancy (1975) Aerodynamics, Pitman Publishing Limited, London. "Flow around an airfoil" at the University of Geneva "Kutta condition for lifting flows" by Praveen Chandrashekar of the National Aerospace Laboratories of India A.M. Kuethe and J.D. Schetzer, Foundations of Aerodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York (1959) Massey, B.S. Mechanics of Fluids. Section 9.10, 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. London (1970) Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 67-25005 C. Xu, "Kutta condition for sharp edge flows", Mechanics Research Communications 25(4):415-420 (1998). E.L. Houghton and P.W. Carpenter, Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, 5th edition, pp. 160-162, Butterworth-Heinemann, An imprint of Elsevier Science, Jordan Hill, Oxford (2003) Notes Fluid dynamics Aerodynamics