creating Wolf Cubs. A Canadian Beaver programme was designed and tested in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1971 by Harry McCartney, Alan Jones, and Gordon Hanna. and in 1972 it was expanded across the Scouts Canada organization. It was made an official programme of Scouts Canada in 1974. This was closely followed by the Republic of Ireland in the same year. Beaver became an official section in the Scout Association of the United Kingdom in 1986. Beavers and programmes for similar ages spread to a few other Scouting organizations around the world. Beavers were not formally adopted by many Scouting organizations until well into the 1980s. Beaver programmes around the world Australia Baden-Powell Scouts' Association in Australia The Baden-Powell Scouts' Association in Australia has a programme called Koalas, although some Groups do not operate Koalas as they were not part of Baden-Powell's concept. The programme serves 5 to eight year olds, and is followed by Wolf Cubs. The Koalas programme uses a catch phrase and themes around "Koalas climb high" with participants reciting the phrase and mimicking the motions of a climbing Koala. Scouts Australia Scouts Australia, has a programme called Joeys for 5 to 7 year olds. A joey is an infant kangaroo. The Joeys programme uses a catch phrase and themes around "Hop, Hop, Hop" such as Help Other People with participants reciting the phrase and mimicking the motions of a hopping joey kangaroo. Canada Scouts Canada In Scouts Canada Beavers are aged five to seven. Members normally wear a brown vest as a uniform with a brown Beaver coby hat. The Scouts Canada Beavers programme is based on the specially written short story Friends of the Forest written by Harry McCartney. McCartney was the Manitoba Executive Scout Director in 1971. With the help of two others, Alan Jones, and Gordon Hanna, the Beavers programme was tested and successfully brought to Scouts Canada officially and country-wide, by 1974. A five-year-old Beaver is a brown tail, a six-year-old is a blue tail and a seven-year-old is a white tail. The tail is attached to the back brim of the Beaver Hat on a Beaver's uniform. Beavers, at the end of their third (white tail) year, participate in a "swim-up" ceremony to become Cubs. Association des Scouts du Canada In the Association des Scouts du Canada Castors (Beavers in French) are aged from seven to nine. Members normally wear a yellow T-shirt