November 1966. Whereas Lin had recently sought to curb Red Guard rebellion by interpreting Mao's "Bombard the Headquarters" to mean "bombard a few capitalist roaders" as opposed to "bombard our proletarian headquarters", Yilin-Dixi argued that it was the so-called "proletarian headquarters" itself that had "become obsolete" and needed to be "reformed", saying: "We must create a whole new state machinery to replace the old one". The Shengwulian was a self-styled ultraleft group, and was the GPCR's most famous such group. It sought to emulate the Paris Commune as the historical example of popular power and argued that China's "new bureaucratic bourgeoisie" would have to be destroyed to establish a genuinely egalitarian society. The group's significant political writings include its Program and Yang Xiguang's "Whither China?" Whither China? argued that the central conflict in China during the Cultural Revolution was not between Mao Zedong's proponents and opponents, or between the proletariat and the former wealthy, but instead between the masses and a "Red capitalist class" that was "decadent" and impeding historical progress. See also Anarchism in China Mao-Spontex Maoism Notes Further reading The 70s Collective, ed. 1996. China: The Revolution is Dead, Long Live the Revolution. Montreal: Black Rose Books. Chen Erjin. 1984. Crossroads Socialism: An Unofficial Manifesto for Proletarian Democracy. Trans. Robin Munro. London: Verso. Mehnert, Klaus, ed. 1969. Peking and the New Left: At Home and Abroad. Berkeley: University of California Press. Meisner, Maurice. 1999. Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic, Third Edition. New York: The Free Press. Wang Shaoguang. 1995. The Failure of Charisma: The Cultural Revolution in Wuhan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. External links Communist Left on China "The rise and suppression of the 'ultra-left' in the Chinese cultural revolution" by Pete Brown "'New Trends of Thought' on the Cultural Revolution" by Wang Shaoguang "Rethinking 'Capitalist Restoration' in China" by Yiching Wu 宋永毅、孙大进编. 1997. 《文化大革命中的异端思潮》. 香港:田园书屋. 《论新思潮》，四三派（ ?）著 《中国向何处去？》，省无联（杨曦光）著 《无产阶级文化大革命中各种派别的分析》，北决扬（ 杨 Xiulin）著 《特权论》（《论无产阶级民主革命》），陈泱潮（陈尔晋）著 《从阶级关系反思中国的“资本主义复辟”》，吴一庆著 《“文革”为什么结束？》，韩少功 (陈益南《一个工人的"文革"》的序言) Chinese New Left Communism in China Cultural Revolution Cold War history of China Left communism Politics of China Maoism in China