timpani to create the roar of the waters, snare drums to reproduce the hiss of the spray, and a remarkable series of discordant, chromatic descending scales to reproduce the chaos of the falling waters as they crash onto the rocks. Fry's other works, including Leonora (New York debut in 1858) and Notre-Dame of Paris (1864, Philadelphia), received mixed reviews along partisan lines: conservatives tended to dislike Fry's music, whereas political progressives highly enjoyed it. His other musical works included the Overture to Macbeth, the Breaking Heart, string quartets and sacred choral music. From 1852 until his death in 1864, Fry served as music critic and political editor for the New York Tribune. Death William Henry Fry died at age 51 on December 21, 1864, in Santa Cruz (Saint Croix) in the Virgin Islands. His death was apparently from tuberculosis "accelerated by exhaustion." He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Compositions Opera Leonora (1845) Santa Claus, Christmas Symphony (1853) Hagar In the Wilderness, Sacred Symphony (1853) Niagara Symphony (1854) Stabat Mater: An Oratorio (1855) Overture to Macbeth (1864) The Breaking Heart (aka Adagio, Adagio sostenuto) According to music historian David Mason Greene, much of Fry's musical output was lost after his death. Writings In addition to his journalistic output, Fry wrote one book, Artificial Fish-Breeding, published in 1858. Modern editions Fry, William Henry. "Santa Claus: Christmas Symphony (1853)." Edited by Sam Dennison. In Three Centuries of American Music: A collection of American sacred and secular music, Volume 9: American orchestral music, 1800–1879. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1992. This edition is part of a larger multi-volume set and contains a newly copied version of the Santa Claus Symphony, based on the manuscript held in the Fleisher Collection, now at the Free Library of Philadelphia. The introduction includes a short biography of Fry as well as specific information about the composition of the symphony and its critical reception. Also included in the volume are orchestral works by Fry's musical contemporaries: Philip Trajetta, Charles Zeuner, Anthony Philip Heinrich, George Frederick Bristow, Dudley Buck and Fry's teacher Leopold Meignen. Fry, William Henry. "Christmas Symphony." Transcribed for concert band by Charles Fernandez. Los Angeles: Trone Music, 2013. References External links Encyclopedia of World Biography on William Henry Fry Liner notes by Kile Smith for recording of Fry's Santa Claus Symphony, Overture to Macbeth, Niagara Symphony and The Breaking Heart (Naxos 8.559057) American male classical composers