the following paragraph, most of whose contents now appear in the association rules of GEMA: "The Institute pursues absolutely no private business purposes. It is only an intermediary agency. It does not collect reserve funds. A trade profit is out of the question. Administrative costs will be deducted from incoming fees, along with a further 10% contribution to the co-operative's relief fund. All remaining income, down to the last penny, will be distributed to the beneficiary composers, lyricists, and publishers." The time after the foundation of the AFMA was quite turbulent. In 1909, the GDT founded a second society focused exclusively on the exploitation of mechanical reproduction for vinyl records, the Institute for Mechanical-Musical Rights LLC (; AMMRE). In 1913, the Austrian Society of Authors, Composers, and Music Publishers (; AKM) entered the German market and opened a German branch office. In 1915, a few members of the GDT split off from the organization and founded GEMA (Genossenschaft zur Verwertung musikalischer Aufführungsrechte, which is not identical to the present-day GEMA). One of the founding members was composer Leon Jessel. In 1916, GEMA and AKM's German branch merged into the Association for the Protection of Musical Performing Rights in Germany (). All of this resulted in a situation that had effects contrary to the original interests of authors and promoters as well as users—that is, two competing collecting societies. In 1930, the GDT (in the form of the AFMA) joined with the Verband under the label Verband zum Schutze musikalischer Aufführungsrechte für Deutschland. However, the business units and facilities of both societies were not impacted by the consolidation. Both collecting societies continued to operate separately—all the while pretending to operate under a unified corporate name. This came to an end during the Third Reich with the Reich Law regarding the Intermediation of Musical Performance Rights (). The legislator responsible for this law, Joseph Goebbels, did so with the aim of bringing all collecting societies into line and granting them a monopoly position. 1933–2000 On 28 September 1933, the State-Approved Society for the Exploitation of Musical Performing Rights (; STAGMA) arose out of the Verband zum Schutze musikalischer Afführungsrechte für Deutschland and was issued a monopoly on the exercise of musical performing rights. The still-existing AMMRE was annexed into STAGMA in 1938. The Reichsmusikkammer (), under the direction of then-president Richard Strauss, stipulated in its guidelines that, "non-Aryans are categorically not to