airfoil and the EMED system removes accumulations aft of the heated portion of the airfoil. Passive (icephobic coatings) Passive systems employ icephobic surfaces. Icephobicity is analogous to hydrophobicity and describes a material property that is resistant to icing. The term is not well defined but generally includes three properties: low adhesion between ice and the surface, prevention of ice formation, and a repellent effect on supercooled droplets. Icephobicity requires special material properties but is not identical to hydrophobicity. To minimize accretion, researchers are seeking icephobic materials. Candidates include carbon nanotubes and slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) which repel water when it forms into ice. See also Atmospheric icing Icing conditions Icing accidents Aero Caribbean Flight 883 (2010) Air Algérie Flight 5017 (2014) Air Florida Flight 90 (1982) Air France Flight 447 (2009) Alan Kulwicki plane crash (1993) Arrow Air Flight 1285 (1985) Colgan Air Flight 3407 (2009) Comair Flight 3272 (1997) Loganair Flight 670 (2001) Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 (1991) Sol Líneas Aéreas Flight 5428 (2011) United Express Flight 2415 (1989) West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 (2005) References Bibliography External links SAE paper on Electro-Thermal Ice Protection by Strehlow, R. and Moser, R. Ice in transportation