do not belong to any of the above-mentioned philosophical circles: Scholars: Yadollah Sahabi, prominent academic, writer and scientist Mohammad Gharib, pioneering physician and academic Fereydoun Hoveyda (prominent scholar, writer and filmmaker) Daryoush Ashouri (prominent scholar, linguist and cultural theorist) Masoud Behnoud (prominent journalist and writer) Parviz Varjavand (scholar, archeologist and expert of cultural heritage) Farrokhroo Parsa (scholar, politician and physician; first female minister of Iran) Economists: Mousa Ghaninejad (senior Iranian economist) Fariborz Rais-Dana (senior economist) Experts on law and political sciences: Davoud Hermidas-Bavand (prominent scholar and political scientist) Nasser Katouzian (Tehran University professor of law and political sciences) Jamshid Momtaz (Tehran University professor of international law) Javad Zarif (prominent scholar, political analyst and expert on international relations) Sadeq Zibakalam (leading political scientist and professor of Tehran University) Amir Attaran lawyer and immunologist; expert on public health and global development issues. Elaheh Koulaei (political scientist and expert on USSR at Tehran University) Philosophy education in Iran Philosophy has become a popular subject of study during last few decades in Iran. Comparing the number of philosophy books currently published in Iran with that in other countries, Iran possibly ranks first in this field but it is definitely on top in terms of publishing philosophy books. Currently different approaches are working in a diverging fields of philosophy: 1. Traditional Persian Islamic philosophy. traditional classic philosophy revived after a period of silence, in Tehran School, and notably works of Agha Ali Modarres Zonoozi in the early 20th century, after him both schools of Tehran and Ghom (with the works of Allameh Tabatabai and Imam Ruhollah Khomayni) activated philosophical debates. Nowaday, Islamic philosophy is the most fresh period all over the world in Iran all the way after Sfavid school of Isfahan. The most notable figures of our time include Allameh Hossein tabatabaii, Allameh Rafiai Gazvini, Mehdi Hayeri Yazdi, Falatouri, Hasan zadeh Amoli, Morteza Motahhari, Abolhasan Jelveh, Mohammad tagi Amoli, allameh hossein Gharavi Isfahani (kompani), Ibrahim Ashtiyani, Jalaloddin Ashtiyani, Kazem assar. 2. Western philosophy. The Western philosophy is mostly welcome to Iran in the 19th century, but its full development began in the 1970s, with the reactive movement against the left political thought of Soviet sect of Toodeh party, most notably by refutation of their Marxist–Leninist works (typically in Tagi Arani's works). The leading figures include Allameh Tabatabai, and his pupil Morteza Motahhari. Also Ahmad Fardid and his Circle who introduced phenomenology and very specifically