Visakhapatnam Refinery (officially: Visakh Refinery), is one of the two oil refineries of HPCL in India, the other being Mumbai Refinery. This was one of the first major industries of Visakhapatnam and first oil refinery on the East Coast. After the nationalisation, HPCL has transformed itself into a mega Public Sector Undertaking and it is second largest integrated oil company in India. History of Visakha refinery Visakha refinery was commissioned by Caltex Oil Refining (India) in 1957, with an installed capacity of 0.675million tonne per year. The facility was acquired by the Government of India in 1976 and amalgamated with HPCL in 1978 by the CORIL-HPCL Amalgamation Order, 1978. The refinery's capacity was increased to 4.5million tonne per year under the first major expansion project in 1985, known as Visakha Refinery Expansion Project-I (VREP-I). Its refining capacity was increased to 7.5million tonne per year under VREP-II in 1999, and again to 8.3million tonne per year in 2010. Visakh Refinery Modernisation Project (VRMP) Visakh Refinery Modernisation Project (VRMP) is a brownfield expansion of the Visakh refinery located in Visakhapatnam, India. The project is being executed by the state-owned Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL). VRMP will expand the refining capacity of the Visakh refinery from 8.3million tonne per year to 15million tonne per year, while enabling the production and distribution of Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI)-compliant fuels. BS VI is a new emission standard that will align India's motor vehicle regulations with European Union (EU) regulations for light-duty passenger cars and commercial vehicles, heavy-duty trucks and buses, and two-wheeled vehicles. The standard is due to be implemented in India from 2020. The VRMP project is estimated to involve an investment of approximately $3.1bn and is scheduled for completion in 2020. Details of Visakh Refinery Modernisation Project HPCL received approval from the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) for the VRMP in February 2016. The expansion project is being carried out on an area adjacent to the east portion of the existing site. The scope of the project consists of the installation of primary processing units such as a 9million tonne per year crude distillation unit (CDU) replacing one of the three existing CDUs, a 3.3million tonne per year vacuum gas oil hydrocracker and a 290,000 tonne per year naphtha isomerisation unit (NIU). An additional 3.1million tonne per year solvent de-asphalting (SDA) unit, a 2.5million tonne per year slurry hydrocracker unit (SHCU) and