representing the owner and will be headed by the president of the university. There will also be a university board consisting of either: chancellor, faculty or division. Private Universities Syrian Private University Al Rasheed International Private University for Science & Technology - Damascus International University for Sciences and Technology (IUST) - Damascus University of Kalamoon - Deir Atiyah The Arab European University - Sahnaya Al-Jazeera University - Deir ez Zor Al-Manara University - Latakia Al-Andalus University - Qadmous Al-Sham Private University - Damascus Arab International University (AIU) - Damascus International University for Science and Technology - Damascus Wadi International University Arab Academy for E-Business - Damascus Public Universities Damascus University in Damascus Aleppo University in Aleppo Al-Baath University in Homs Hama University in Hama Al-Furat University in Deir ez Zor Tishreen University in Lattakia University of Tartus in Tartus Syrian Virtual University in Damascus Rojava University in Qamishli The Centre for Measurement and Evaluation in Higher Education (CME), which was established in 2012, assesses the performance of students, programs, and educational institutions. The centre was founded to set clear criteria for cross-border certificates based on the methodology, techniques and institutional standard measurement tools. its aim is to measure knowledge, skills and attitudes in a scientific way, to ensure the quality of higher education outputs to meet developmental needs. Higher technical institutes Higher Institute of Marine Research Higher Institute of Water Resource Management Higher Institute of Business Administration Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology Virtual university In September 2002, the first virtual university was founded. through which students can obtain degrees from international institutions. The university is called Syrian Virtual University. Baathism education The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party heavily influences the educational system in Syria, in which primary school students called “Al-Ba’ath Vanguards” (), elementary school students led by "Revolutionary Youth Union" (), and college students headed by “National Union of Students” (), are injected with Baathism ideology, Pan-Arabism and socialist beliefs. According to the Constitution of Syria of 1973, Chapter 3: Educational and Cultural Principles, Article 21, it is written: The article was later scrapped in the new Constitution of 2012. Nevertheless, the students are still being taught to Baathism through a subject known as "Political Arab Sociology". Computer literacy This measure and others, such as making computer literacy mandatory at the high-school level and English- and French-language instruction compulsory in the elementary schools, have the goal of equipping