century. Persian literature enjoyed the emergence of influential figures as Sadeq Hedayat, Ahmad Kasravi, Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, Shahrokh Meskoob, Ebrahim Golestan and Sadegh Choubak. Poetry after classics Modern Persian poetry came into existence after Nima Yushij. Some notable figures include: Nima Yushij Bijan Jalali Fereydoon Moshiri Forough Farrokhzad Manouchehr Atashi Mehdi Akhavan-Sales Hushang Ebtehaj Ahmad Shamlou Mohammad Ali Sepanloo Mohammad Reza Shafiei-Kadkani Mohammad Zohari Simin Behbahani Sohrab Sepehri Drama After the translation of Mirza Fatali Akhundov's plays into Persian in the 19th century, Persian drama came into a new period. 20th century saw the appearance of great playwrights such as Bahram Beyzai and Akbar Radi. Modern scientific movement The history of modern science in Iran dates back to the year 1851 and the establishment of Darolfonoon – which was founded as a result of the efforts of Mirza Taghi Khan Amir Kabir, aiming at training and teaching Iranian experts on many fields of sciences, and it was the future minded Abbas Mirza who first dispatched students to Europe to obtain a western education. By the establishment of Tehran University, science in Iran entered a new phase. Mahmoud Hessaby, Ali-Asghar Hekmat, Moslem Bahadori and many others played roles in initiating and forming these movements. The outcome of the movement has been the emergence of researchers who have been trained and received doctorate degrees in the country and have found international reputations. Modernization of Iranian medicine did not occur through the straightforward replacement of traditional Persian medicine by modern European medicine. Rather, the integration of modern medicine went through a long process that included both the reinterpretation of traditional theories by traditional physicians and the assimilation of modern theories through the prism of traditional medicine. One of the main Iranian scientific movements in the late 20th century was in the field of chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. The main leaders of this movement were Abbas Shafiee, Bijan Farzami, Mohammad-Nabi Sarbolouki, Issa Yavari and Ahmad Reza Dehpour. The movement resulted in hundreds of research papers in peer reviewed international journals. Other notable figures who promoted world-class research in Iran during the 20th century are Reza Mansouri and Yousof Sobouti (Physics) Abolhassan Farhoudi (Immunology) Mohammad Reza Zarrindast (Pharmacology) Fereydoun Davatchi (Rheumatology) Taher Movassaghian (Chemistry) Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh (Hematology) Ali Radmehr (Radiology) Hossein Najmabadi (Medical genetics) Hormoz Shams (Ophthalmology) Moslem Bahadori (Pathology) Hormoz Dabirashrafi (Obstetrics and Gynecology) Hossein Esteky (Neuroscience) G.R. Baradaran Khosroshahi (Mathematics) Caro Lucas (Electrical Engg.,