Though the private FM stations have bought life to the radio industry in Goa, signal strength and coverage remain weak in the southern part of Goa, beyond the Verna plateau. Thus, most of the people in south Goa are unable to get reception in their home. There is also an educational channel, Gyan Vani, run by IGNOU broadcast from Panaji at 105.6 MHz. Broadcasting background In the mid-1990s, when India first experimented with private FM broadcasts, the small tourist destination of Goa was the fifth place in the country where private broadcasters could secure FM slots. The first four centres were the major metro cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. In Phase-II of FM licensing, Goa's capital, Panjim was categorised as a 'D'-class city, i.e. having a population between 100,000 and 300,000. In the end of January 2006, three private FM radio players won bids to set up private FM radio stations in Goa.: Radio Mirchi (ENIL - Times group, linked to the Indian media giant Times of India, Rs 17.1 million; Indigo (Jupiter Capital – Rajiv Chandrasekhar, linked to the BPL electronics hardware firm), Rs 12.9 million; and Big FM (Adlabs - Reliance – Anil Ambani group) Rs 12.1 million. Big FM at 92.7 MHz and Radio Mirchi at 98.3 MHz both launched in Goa in May 2007. Radio Indigo at 91.9 MHz, the country's first and only 24hr international hit music station launched in June 2007. Indian policy stipulates that these bids are a One-Time Entry Fee (OTEF), for the license period of 10 years. India's earlier attempts to privatise its FM channels ran into difficulty, when most private players bid heavily then could not meet their commitments to pay the governments the expected amounts. In FM Phase-1 (year 2000), the highest bid in Goa was Rs 41.5 million. Under the policy then, this would have escalated – at 15% each year – to Rs. 146 million by the tenth year of operation. The bidder would have ended up paying Rs. 42.6 crores over 10 years, causing the major players to back off. This time, the only local company from Goa to bid for a license was Tarun Bharat Multigraphics, resulting in all of the winning players being based outside of Goa. All the three winning bidders were to co-site their transmitting infrastructure with All India Radio's tower on the outskirts of Panaji. AIR's FM Rainbow has a