that adjuncts are distinct from specifiers and complements in that you can essentially add unlimited adjuncts. An adjunct must be adjoined to the local XP that it is modifying and cannot be referring to another XP in the sentence. Heads can only take a select few number of complements and a complement must be adjacent to its head. There is a direct relationship between the head and its complement: in other words, a head subcategorises for a complement. A subcategorization frame helps you determine what kind of complement it is. This does not mean, however, that a head must take a complement since there can be zero complements. A head determines the properties of the phrase through projection. Locality, then, shows the local relationship in which the head projects an X-bar level and an XP -phrasal level. X-bar theory derives a hierarchical vertical structure where XP dominates X’ and X’ dominates X. But the linearity in which complements, specifiers and adjuncts attach can be changed based on the language. Head-initial languages will have the head precede the complement, like in English. Head-final languages, like Japanese and Korean, have the head following the complement. In this way, X-bar theory allows for variation across languages with some having an SOV (subject, object, verb) order while others have an SVO order. Along with this, there are also some language universals that are seen repeatedly in a variety of different languages around the world. When a phrase or head is in a relationship that is non-local to what selects for it, we see a violation of locality of selection. The underlying structure will need to satisfy selection requirements and locality of selection. But, we also see selection requirements being met through movement. This is especially noticeable when a DP raises to Spec TP through the Extended Projection Principle (EPP). Extended Projection Principle The Extended Projection Principle (EPP) refers to the highest Tense Phrase containing a subject. Before the EPP can be satisfied, you must ensure that LOS is satisfied. Once all of the projection principles of LOS are satisfied, EPP is activated when there is movement from one part of the tree to another. This movement allows for the TP to contain a subject. When generating the tree we must first ensure that all areas of the LOS are correctly projected. This is the tree we would generate to ensure that LOS has been