recess appointments on 12 occasions, most recently in 1958. Every recess appointed justice was later nominated to the same position, and all but one—John Rutledge in 1795 to be chief justice—was confirmed by the Senate. The 1795 Rutledge nomination was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate; the most recent nomination to be voted down was that of Robert Bork in 1987. George Washington holds the record for most Supreme Court nominations, with 14 nominations (12 of which were confirmed). Four presidents—William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter—did not make any nominations, as there were no vacancies while they were in office. Summary of table The table below lists all persons nominated for a seat on the Supreme Court since 1789, in chronological order by date of nomination, along with the actions taken by the president and the Senate on those nominations. Specifically, the table lists the following for each Supreme Court nomination: name of each nominee; name of the president who made the nomination, and their political party affiliation; name of the justice whose departure created the vacancy (the column sorts so as to show the person-to-person succession of judges since 1789); majority party in the Senate at the time of the nomination; date on which the president formally made the nomination, by signing a nomination message; outcome, the type and date of final action by the Senate, or of a nomination's withdrawal by the president; number of days that elapsed from the date a nomination was formally submitted until the date of final Senate action or the nomination's withdrawal. The following final results of the nomination process are tracked: confirmednominations confirmed by the Senate (including those of persons who subsequently declined to serve, or who died before taking office); withdrawnnominations withdrawn by the president prior to a confirmation vote; rejectednominations rejected by the Senate; lapsednominations that lapsed at the end of a session of Congress without a Senate vote cast on whether to confirm (including nominations that were postponed or tabled by the Senate that were not given further consideration). Additionally, where the final Senate action on a nomination was a roll-call vote (as opposed to a voice vote or unanimous consent), the totals for and against are noted. In listing all persons ever nominated to the Supreme Court, the table includes the names of those who were not confirmed as