normally harmless and can be beneficial, the adults as pollinators and the larvae as indicator species for bad condition of their host plants. In Florida for example, Rhopalotria slossoni is important in maintaining populations of the rare Coontie (Zamia pumila); indirectly, the Atala butterfly (Eumaeus atala) also depends on this beetle. The original host plants of belids were probably Araucariaceae, conifers which were extremely common during the time when the family evolved. Some modern genera also feed on angiosperms, usually rather old groups like Balanophoraceae, Myrtaceae or Vitaceae, on cycads, or on palms. The Pacific genus Proterhinus has undergone a vigorous adaptive radiation on the Hawaiian Islands and evolved to utilize a wide range of the limited diversity of plants found there. Systematics The subfamilies have each, at various times, been considered as separate families, but they are grouped together in most recent classifications. There are three main living lineages, variously considered three or, as here, two subfamilies, with the tribe Aglycyderini sometimes considered a distinct subfamily. Other classifications treat the Oxycoryninae as distinct family Oxycorynidae. A prehistoric subfamily only known from Mesozoic fossils are the Eobelinae. Extinct taxa †Sinoeuglypheus Yu et al. 2019 Daohugou, China, Callovian Subfamily Belinae Schoenherr 1826 †tribe Davidibelini Legalov 2015 †Davidibelus Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian †subfamily Montsecbelinae Legalov 2015 †tribe Montsecbelini Legalov 2015 †Montsecbelus Zherikhin and Gratshev 1997 La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain, Barremian Subfamily Oxycoryninae Schoenherr 1840 †Khetana Zherikhin 1993 Emanra Formation, Russia, Turonian Clade Aglycyderitae Wollaston 1864 †tribe Distenorrhinoidini Legalov 2009 †Distenorrhinoides Gratshev and Zherikhin 2000 La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain, Barremian Clade Allocorynitae Sharp 1890 Tribe Allocorynini Sharp 1890 †Pleurambus Poinar and Legalov 2014 Dominican amber, Miocene †tribe Palaeorhopalotriini Legalov 2013 †Palaeorhopalotria Legalov 2013 Monteils Formation, France, Priabonian Clade Oxycorynitae Schoenherr 1840 Tribe Metrioxenini Voss 1953 Subtribe Metrioxenina Voss 1953 †Archimetrioxena Voss 1953 Baltic amber, Eocene Subtribe Zherichinixenina Legalov 2009 †Paltorhynchus Scudder 1893 Green River Formation, Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene †Succinometrioxena Legalov 2012 Baltic amber, Eocene References External links Belidae on web.archive.org Images of Belidae species in New Zealand Beetle families