(AU 1165) Ri Alban, Uilliam Garm (AU 1214) Uilliam, ri Alban (AU 1214) Roibert a Briuis, mormaer .. righ n-Alban (AU 1302 = 1306) Roberd a Briuis mormaer .. rig a nAlbain (AC 1306) Edubart Mor Ri Saxan & Bretan & Alban & Duice na Gascune & tigerna na hErend (AC 1307) Roibeat a Briuis, ri Alban (AU 1314) Righ Alban .i. Semus Sdibard (AC 1499) Medieval Charter styles The Poppleton manuscript preserves a grant supposedly made by King Nechtan to the monastery of St. Brigid at Abernethy, c. early sixth century: Latin: English: 'Great Nechtan, son of Uurp, King of all the provinces of the Picts' In the Scottish period, the charter styles vary at first, but later become more formulaic. Here are some examples from the early charter period. The Roman numeral which follows is the number given to the charter in Archibald C. Lawrie's Early Scottish Charters: Prior to A.D. 1153, (Glasgow, 1905): (Lawrie, V.) English: 'Macbeth son of Findláech and Gruoch daughter of Bodhe, King and Queen of the Scots'. Source is the Registrum of the Priory of St Andrews, and the document is a Latin translation from an earlier Gaelic document, so the style is not reliable (X) 'Malcolm by the Grace of God, High King of the Scots' (XVII: 1095) 'Edgar by the Grace of God, King of the Scots' (XXVII) 'Alexander by the Grace of God, King of the Scots' (LXIX) 'David by the Grace of God, King of Scotland' (CIV) 'David by the Grace of God, King of the Scots' From David I onwards, the royal style is either or . From the late Middle Ages to the Acts of Union In the late Middle Ages the styles ('king of the Scots') and ('king of Scotland') were used interchangeably. Similarly, the monarchs of England could be referred to as the "king of the English" as indeed Edward II of England was in the Declaration of Arbroath (1320). King of the Scots was used in "The Declaration of the Clergy in favour of Robert the Bruce" (1334), as it was in the charter by which Edward Balliol ceded the southern counties of Scotland to England. However, in many other documents King of Scotland was the preferred style, including "The Letter of the Magnates of Scotland to the King of France" (1308), "The Settlement of Succession on Robert the Bruce" (1315), the Treaty of