provinces arguing that the illiteracy of the Kurds was a reason for the backwardness of the Kurds but as well for the foreign powers to intervene in the region. Kurdish historical figures such as Sultan Saladin or members of the Marwanid dynasty or the house of Bedir Khan and their achievemnts were a recurrent subject in its articles. In 1918, the newspaper was published by the son of Emin Ali Bedirkhan, Süreyya Bedir Khan. In 1991, the scholar Emin Bozarslan re-published and translated a collection of its suites into Modern Turkish. Sources Zeynel Abidin Kızılyaprak, Hasan Kaya, Şerif Beyaz, Zana Farqini, İstanbul Kürt Enstitüsü, 1900'den 2000'e Kürtler - Kronolojik Albüm, Özgür Bakış Milenyum Armağanı, İstanbul, Ocak 2000, p. 12. Malmîsanij, Cızira Botanlı Bedirhaniler ve Bedirhani Ailesi Derneği'nin Tutunakları, Avesta, İstanbul, 2000, , pp. 187–197. External links https://www.saradistribution.com/kurdistan-newspaper1898.htm Kurdish-language newspapers Publications established in 1898