of consumption independent of outside influence. Right-wing critics see anti-consumerism as rooted in socialism. In 1999, the right-libertarian magazine Reason attacked anti-consumerism, claiming Marxist academics were repackaging themselves as anti-consumerists. James B. Twitchell, a professor at the University of Florida and popular writer, referred to anti-consumerist arguments as "Marxism Lite". There have also been socialist critics of anti-consumerism who see it as a form of anti-modern "reactionary socialism", and state that anti-consumerism has also been adopted by ultra-conservatives and fascists. In popular media In Fight Club, the protagonist finds himself participating in terroristic acts against corporate society and consumer culture. In Mr. Robot, Elliot Alderson, a young cybersecurity engineer, joins a hacker group known as society, which aims to crash the U.S. economy, eliminating all debt. In the novel American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis, the protagonist Patrick Bateman criticizes the consumerist society of America in the 1980s of which he is a personification. Later on he goes on a killing spree without any consequences, suggesting that the people around him are so self-absorbed and focused on consuming that they either do not see or do not care about his acts. In the Pixar movie, WALL-E, earth is depicted in an apocalyptic state caused by the negative effects of human consumerism. See also Anti-consumerists (category) Affluenza Anti-capitalism Brandalism Buy Nothing Day Conceptual detours of the shopping cart in art, design and consumerism Degrowth Détournement Downshifting (lifestyle) Ethical consumerism Freeganism Growth Fetish Mottainai Neoism Over-consumption Philosophy of futility Planned obsolescence Post-growth Slow movement (culture) Steady-state economy Waste picker The Zeitgeist Movement References Sources Bakan, Joel (2004) The Corporation. Elizabeth Chin (2001) Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture University of Minnesota Press Hertz, N (2002) Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy. Arrow. Luedicke, Marius K, Craig J. Thompson and Markus Giesler. 2010. "Consumer Identity Work as Moral Protagonism: How Myth and Ideology Animate a Brand-Mediated Moral Conflict". Journal of Consumer Research. 36 (April). Monbiot, G (2001) Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain. Pan. Schor, J. (2010) Plenitude, Penguin Press HC. Zehner, O (2012) Green Illusions, University of Nebraska Press. External links Fifty Possible Ways to Challenge Over-Commercialism by Albert J. Fritsch, SJ, PhD The Rebel Sell, This Magazine, By Joseph Heath and Andrew Potter 25 Years of Monitoring the Multinationals The Story of Stuff by Annie Leonard The Good Life: An International Perspective Consumerism Anti-corporate activism