degeneration, prolapse of the vitreous into the anterior chamber, and an increase or decrease of anterior chamber depth. Removal of the lens before it completely luxates into the anterior chamber may prevent secondary glaucoma. Extreme degree of luxation of lens is called "lenticele" in which lens comes out of the eyeball and becomes trapped under the Tenon's capsule or conjunctiva. A nonsurgical alternative treatment involves the use of a miotic to constrict the pupil and prevent the lens from luxating into the anterior chamber. Breed predisposition Terrier breeds are predisposed to lens luxation, and it is probably inherited in the Sealyham Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Wirehaired Fox Terrier, Rat Terrier, Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, Tibetan Terrier, Miniature Bull Terrier, Shar Pei, and Border Collie. The mode of inheritance in the Tibetan Terrier and Shar Pei is likely autosomal recessive. Labrador Retrievers and Australian Cattle Dogs are also predisposed. Systemic associations in humans In humans, a number of systemic conditions are associated with ectopia lentis: More common: Marfan syndrome (upward and outward) Homocystinuria (downward and inwards) Weill–Marchesani syndrome Sulfite oxidase deficiency Molybdenum cofactor deficiency Hyperlysinemia Less common: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Crouzon disease Refsum syndrome Kniest syndrome Mandibulofacial dysostosis Sturge–Weber syndrome Conradi syndrome Pfaundler syndrome Pierre Robin syndrome Wildervanck syndrome Sprengel deformity See also List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations References External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on ADAMTSL4-Related Eye Disorders, Autosomal Recessive Isolated Ectopia Lentis, Ectopia Lentis et Pupillae Dog diseases Cat diseases Congenital disorders of eyes Disorders of lens