by the Higher Education Statistics Agency: Students In the 2021–22 academic year, 301,230 students studied at universities or institutes of higher education in Scotland, 232,080 of which were full-time, 59.1% were female and 40.9% male. 61% of students were domiciled in Scotland, 12% from the rest of the United Kingdom, and the remaining 27% being international students (6% from the European Union). Of all these, approximately 204,465 were studying at undergraduate level, 83,065 for a taught postgraduate degree (primarily a master's degree) and 13,705 for a postgraduate research degree (primarily PhD). The three largest universities by enrolment were the Universities of Glasgow (42,980 students), Edinburgh (41,250 students) and Strathclyde (25,715 students). Scottish Universities Summer Schools in Physics The Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics (SUSSP) was established in 1960 by the four ancient Scottish Universities (Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and St. Andrews) to contribute to the dissemination of advanced knowledge in physics and the formation of contacts among scientists from different countries through the setting up of a series of annual summer schools of the highest international standard. it had increased to include Dundee, Glasgow Caledonian, Heriot-Watt, Paisley, and Strathclyde. Rankings In the 2023 national league table rankings, five of the top twenty in both of The Guardian University Guide and in The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide were Scottish universities. In the 2023 global rankings, three Scottish universities featured in the world's top 200 universities in both of the QS and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. In terms of rankings there are four distinctive clusters of higher and lower status universities in the UK: Oxbridge comprising cluster one; a second cluster containing the remaining 22 Russell Group universities together with 17 other old universities, including Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Heriot-Watt, St Andrews, Stirling and Strathclyde; a third cluster containing 13 old universities and 54 new universities including the remaining Scottish universities; and a fourth cluster contains 19 new universities but no Scottish universities. See also List of universities in Scotland List of universities in the United Kingdom Universities in the United Kingdom Notes