the deceased member could not recover. United States case law of recovery from disseisee in cestui que A few American jurisdictions place unusual burdens on a purchaser to ensure their transaction will be upheld. A purchaser or grantee from a person whose land is adversely held is precluded from maintaining an action in their own name to oust the adverse possessor and any other legal possessor. A conveyance of such land is champertous and void. The limited (adverse) title to the land remains in the grantor and the grantee cannot maintain an action for breach of the covenant in the conveyance. The fact that the transaction was fair and bona fide (with no legal connection between the parties being at arm's length, without notice and for value) does not change the rule. It has been said that the common law doctrine is obsolete, not being suitable to conditions and circumstances of the people of this country. Possession by a trust is not adverse to his trustee, and such possession will not void the latter to be champertous. United States rule against perpetuities In the United States the rule against perpetuities, where it is in effect, applies to both legal and equitable interests, created in trust. The rule varies from state to state. The common law rule may be stated, "No interest is good unless it must vest, if at all, not later than twenty-one years after some life in being at the date of the creation of the interest." Vesting indicates a right to an interest in the trust. The rule is directed entirely against remoteness in vesting. An identification of the person whose interest is defined by the trust, must either vest or fail in a specified time. Any interest which may remain contingent beyond the period of the rule is invalid. A beneficiary must be an identifiable person born within the time span of the trust, and vest in it. All interests in a charitable trust, are subject to the rule with a few exceptions. A charitable trust which gives a gift from the first charity to a second charity on a condition precedent is not void by reason of the fact that the condition may not occur without the period of the Rule. (See Example 2 below.) Property transferred from a non-charity and then left over to a second charity on a remote contingency is void. (See