old building of the Łódź Fabryczna railway station has been removed and an underground station is being constructed. New railway is being constructed in Tricity. Rail history of Warsaw The first railway opened in Warsaw in 1845 (the Warsaw-Vienna Railway). In the next years, the following railways were opened: Warsaw-Saint Petersburg, in 1862, through Białystok and Vilnius – broad gauge railway, Warsaw-Moscow, in 1867 – through Terespol, thus called “Warsaw-Terespol Railway” – broad gauge, Ring Railway (Kolej Obwodowa), in 1876, connected the Warsaw-Vienna and Warsaw-Terespol Railways, Vistula Riverside Railway (Kolej Nadwiślańska), in 1877 - Mława-Warsaw-Lublin-Kovel – broad gauge, Warsaw-Kalisz, in 1902 – Warsaw-Sochaczew-Łódź-Kalisz - broad gauge railway. On these railways the following stations were built: Vienna St. (Dworzec Warszawsko-Wiedeński, 1845), Saint Petersburg St. (Dworzec Petersburski, 1863), Terespol St. (Dworzec Terespolski), Vistula St. (Dworzec Nadwiślański, 1878), Kalisz St. (Dworzec Kaliski, 1902). The Vienna St. and Terespolski St. survived World War I, the other stations were pulled down by Russians in 1915, but only the Kaliski St. was not rebuilt after the war. During the war and after it, the broad gauge railways were converted to standard gauge. But right up until 1933, the only line connecting both Vistula banks was the Ring Railway, with the bridge near today's Gdański Bridge. In 1933, the connection between the Main Station (former Vienna St.) and the Terespol St. was built: as it ran through the densely built-up city center, it was built in a tunnel. This tunnel along with a bridge is called Średnicowy (Cross-City Tunnel) and has approximately . Year 1934 saw the opening of the railway to Radom and further to Kraków. There are two railway bridges in Warsaw: along the Gdański bridge – former Ring Railway Bridge (1875), serves mainly freight trains and some of passenger trains, Średnicowy (1933) – serves mainly passenger trains. See also This article is part of the History of rail transport by country series. Polish State Railways PKP Group Railway stations in Poland Polish locomotives designation Polish National Railroads Summer 1939 Polish rail border crossings References External links PKP (Polish National Railways) official site URL accessed on February 5, 2006 Railway history at historiakolei.fm.interia.pl URL accessed on February 6, 2006 Warsaw rail history at www.warszawa1939.pl URL accessed on February 9, 2006 Steam locomotives history URL accessed on February 5, 2006 Krótka historia kolei w Warszawie (in Polish, accessed on Nov. 20 2010) Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn, in: Victor von