ministers and currency unit (Malaysian Ringgit), China did not accept those transliterations and proceed to use their own transliterations. For Malay names, transliterations usually uses their pronunciation to transliterate into Chinese characters instead of their appeared romanization (e.g. Xinhua's translation usually transliterate letter by letter instead of following their pronunciation). Transcription table The table below is the English-into-Chinese transcription table from Xinhua's Names of the World's Peoples. This table uses the International Phonetic Alphabet for English vowels (rows) and consonants (columns). Notes When ⟨a⟩ is pronounced as at the beginning of a word, transcribe it according to the row. When ⟨ia⟩ is at the end of a word, transcribe the ⟨a⟩ as . When vowels ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, and ⟨u⟩ are in an unstressed syllable, generally transcribe them according to their written forms. When diphthongs ⟨ai⟩ and ⟨ay⟩ are at the beginning of a word, transcribe them according to the [] row. When ⟨r⟩ or ⟨re⟩ is at the end of a word with a phonetic transcription of , transcribe both as . Transcribe [tr] and [dr] as [t] plus [r]- and [d] plus [r]-row characters. Transcribe ⟨m⟩ as when it is before a ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩. But when a ⟨b⟩ after ⟨m⟩ is not pronounced, still transcribe ⟨m⟩ according to . Generally still transcribe an aspirated unaspirated-consonant or an unaspirated aspirated-consonant according to its written form. , , , , , , , , , , etc. (shown as alternatives above) are used in female names. is used at the beginning of a word. (shown as an alternative above) Exceptions Translating names The characters now employed in standardized transcription tend to have abstract or obscure meanings and have fallen out of use, so that their phonetic use is apparent. Therefore, in many cases, the Chinese names non-Chinese people adopt for themselves are not those that are phonetically equivalent but are instead "adapted" from or "inspired" by (i.e., translations of) the original. See, for instance, the Chinese names of the Hong Kong governors. New characters Very rarely, characters are specially made for the transcribed terms. This was formerly more common: by adding the appropriate semantic radical, existing characters could be used to give a sense of the sound of the new word. , for instance, was formed out of (the water radical) + , which at the time had the sound value khong, to approximate the Yue name *Krong.