dispersed by birds and mammals (zoochory). The fruit is also eaten by humans. The species are native to the tropical habitats of the rain forest, from sea level to an altitude of 1,300 m. Phytochemistry Plants contain unusual lignans and alkaloids (sampangine, eupolauridine, eupomatidine-1, liriodenine and lanuginosine, antimicrobials and antifungals) such as proanthocyanidins, cyanidin and flavonoids, in particular velutin. Iridoids, flavonols and ellagic acid are absent. Cyanogenesis absent. Uses The colourful wood of E. laurina is valued as is its fruit, which is used to make traditional Australian drinks, preserves and pastries. Systematic position Eupomatiaceae associates specifically with the family Annonaceae in the order Magnoliales from their botanical descriptions. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website considers Eupomatiaceae a sister group of the family Annonaceae in the terminal clade in the order’s evolution (see AP-website). The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. Species Eupomatia barbata – formally described in 2002 Commonly named northern small bolwarra. Endemic only in north-eastern Queensland, Australia. Shrubs up to 1 m tall. Eupomatia bennettii – formally described in 1858 Commonly named small bolwarra. Endemic only in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Shrubs up to 1.4 m tall, little branching; leaves oblanceolate to oblong, 80-200 mm by 25-50 mm, petiole decurrent on the stem; flowers up to about 25 mm diameter, pedicels 5 mm; stamens 8-12 mm, yellow with the inside stained red; dark red staminodes; fruits obconic, 20-30 mm diameter, green turning yellow on ripening. Eupomatia laurina – formally described in 1814 Commonly named bolwarra or copper laurel. Grows naturally in New Guinea and eastern Australia. Shrubs or small trees up to 10 m tall, highly branched; leaves shiny, oblong-elliptical, 70-120 mm long by 20-50 mm wide, petiole non-decurrent of 3 mm; flowers 20 mm in diameter; stamens white to cream, off-white staminodes; fruits greenish-yellow of 15-20 mm diameter, brown when ripe. Pollinated by the weevil Elleschodes hamiltoni. Notes There was no agreement in the references consulted as to whether the calyptra derived from the calyx or a bract. Perianths do not appear when the calyptra develops, so that, as mentioned, the plants have flowers without petals. When the calyptra’s first floral organs appear stamens and staminodes emerge arranged in a regular pattern following the Fibonacci sequence joined in sequences of 13 and 21