this, the vehicle bay doors must be near the waterline; unless these are sealed properly, water may leak through. Even a small amount of water moving about inside can gain momentum and capsize a ship, a phenomenon known as the free surface effect. Modifications: In the 1980s, the ship reportedly underwent several modifications, including the addition of two passenger decks and the widening of cargo decks. This may have destabilized the ship past its design limitations, particularly as its draught was only 5.9m. Combined with high winds, the tall ship could have been toppled easily. Vehicle movement: Another theory is that the rolling of the ship caused one or more of the vehicles in its hold to break loose and puncture a hole in the hull, thereby allowing seawater to flood into the vessel. Search and rescue At 23:58 UTC on 2 February 2006 the air-sea rescue control room at RAF Kinloss in Scotland detected an automatic distress signal relayed by satellite from the ship's position. The alert was passed on via France to the Egyptian authorities. On 3 February 2006 some lifeboats and bodies were seen in the water. At least 314 survivors and around 185 dead bodies were recovered. Reuters reported that "dozens" of bodies were floating in the Red Sea. Rescue boats and helicopters searched the area, including four Egyptian frigates. Italian Coastal Patrol Unit Ships patrolled for more than 90 hours in severe weather conditions, and eight survivors were rescued by MFO Esploratore-class vessels Vedetta and Sentinella. The United Kingdom diverted the warship HMS Bulwark which would have arrived in a day-and-a-half, but reports conflict as to whether or not the ship was recalled. Israeli sources report that an offer of search and rescue assistance from the Israeli Navy was declined. Egyptian authorities accepted a United States offer of a P-3 Orion maritime naval patrol aircraft after initially having said that the help was not needed. Many survivors reported seeing the captain of the vessel being the first to leave the ship in a lifeboat [AP 2-04-06]. Similar incidents In 1915 the SS Eastland was raised from the Chicago River after capsizing earlier the same year when the ship's limit of 2752 passengers was exceeded; a total of 845 passengers and crew were killed. The sinking of al-Salam Boccaccio 98 was compared to that of the 1987 MS Herald of Free Enterprise disaster, which killed 193