Abu Mudhar Ziyadat Allah III () (died 911–916) was the eleventh and last Emir of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (903–909). He came to power after the murder of his father Abdallah II on 27 July 903. He immediately had all his brothers and uncles executed to eliminate any possible rivals. While this massacre secured his position in the short term, the Aghlabid dynasty lost any remaining prestige it had in the eyes of the people. Later Fatimid sources paint Ziyadat Allah in an extremely negative light, claiming that he had orchestrated his father's murder, and depicting him as a decadent and undignified ruler. Among his indulgences include the drinking of alcohol and hiding whoopee cushions (made of inflated animal bladders) for unsuspecting guests to sit on, which amused Ziyadat Allah and his friends to no end. Fatimid sources claim that Ziyadat Allah's shameful and unscrupulous behavior drove his subjects to side with the proto-Fatimid state led by the missionary Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i, whose piety and asceticism is portrayed positively. Abu Abdallah, backed by the Kutama Berber tribe, took advantage of the instability following Ziyadat Allah's accession to capture the city of Sétif in October/November of 904. In 905, an Aghlabid force was sent west, towards Kutama territory, to restore order, but was ambushed and routed by Kutama horsemen a day after leaving Constantine. Another campaign was planned for 906, but in March the Aghlabid troops mutinied in Kairouan, where they released all the prisoners from the city's jails. Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i then went on the offensive again, capturing the cities of Tubna and Bilizma. While Ibn Idhari says that both cities fell at the end of Dhu al-Hijjah in 293 AH, Mohamed Talbi places the date of Bilizma's surrender in the middle of 294 AH, i.e. the spring of 907 CE. By 907, Ziyadat Allah had begun to seriously consider the possibility of a Kutama invasion of central Ifriqiya: he had relocated from Tunis to the palace city of Raqqada (near Kairouan), which he had fortified with a wall made of rammed earth and unbaked clay bricks. In early 907, an Aghlabid force once again marched against Abu Abdallah, following the southern Roman road through the strongly fortified city of Baghaya. This time, however, they made it deep into Kutama territory. The Aghlabid troops, reinforced with Berber volunteers from the Aurès Mountains, destroyed the mountain stronghold of Dar Malul, but