Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin (; 24 March 1935 – 30 March 2012) became head of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB in January 1989, when the former FCD chief, Vladimir Kryuchkov, was promoted to KGB chief. Prior to that, Shebarshin had served as Kryuchkov's deputy from April 1987. Early life After graduating in 1952 from high school with a silver medal, Shebarshin entered the Indian branch of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. When the institute closed in 1954, he was transferred to the third year of Faculty of Oriental Studies MGIMO. In 1957, he married a classmate, a student of the Chinese Branch Nina Vassilyevna Pushkina. Upon graduation, in October, 1958, he was assigned to work as a referent at the USSR Embassy in Pakistan. In 1962, he was promoted to the post of third secretary of the embassy and got a position at the department of South-East Asian Affairs of the USSR. Pakistan Un 1962, Shebarshin was invited to join the KGB First Chief Directorate, where began a new career in the rank of second lieutenant and security officer. After a year of training at an intelligence school, he was sent to work in Pakistan under diplomatic cover. At the time, the Pakistan's participation in military-political blocs CENTO and SEATO, close ties with the United States, the conflict relations with neighboring India, and rapprochement with China determined the importance of the Pakistan branch for the Soviet intelligence. The acquisition sources in U.S. facilities located in Pakistan was the most important task of all foreign residencies of the KGB as the region was a large American colony in India, hosting military advisers, diplomats, spies, journalists, etc. At the initiative of the Soviet Union, leaders of the warring parties, Pakistani President Ayub Khan and Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri met in January 1966 in Tashkent to end the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. This was a major diplomatic success of the Soviet delegation, headed by Alexei Kosygin. Shebarshin was promoted for contributing to the preparation for the negotiations. Shebarshin's supervisors later stated that he "achieved concrete results in the recruiting work," hinting that he bribed intelligence agents and acquired information. India In 1968, Shebarshin returned to Moscow and took a year-long training course to improve managerial staff. In early 1971, he was sent as a deputy KGB resident in India, and in 1975, he was appointed a resident. While Shebarshin