John Crosby. A Hundred Years of Merchant Banking, A History of Brown Brothers and Company. New York (1909) online Karabell, Zachary. "The Capitalist Culture That Built America: Since the early 19th century, the firm of Brown Brothers defined the distinctive American mix of financial power and public service. Its example can still instruct us." Wall Street Journal May 14, 2021 Killick, John R. "The Cotton Operations of Alexander Brown and Sons in the Deep South, 1820–1860." Journal of Southern History 43.2 (1977): 169–194. online Kouwenhoven, John Atlee. Partners in Banking: An Historical Portrait of a Great Private Bank, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 1818–1968 (1968) online Rappleye, Charles. Sons of Providence: The Brown brothers, the slave trade, and the American revolution (Simon and Schuster, 2007). excerpt External links History of Philadelphia American companies established in 1818 Banks established in 1818 Former investment banks of the United States 1818 establishments in Pennsylvania 1931 disestablishments in Pennsylvania American companies disestablished in 1931 1931 mergers and acquisitions