The dean and chapter claim Ledrede purged himself of rebellion at the Kilkenny parliament of 1328. 1333—Ledrede returns to England; the Pope urges Edward III to assist him and other Irish prelates against heretics. John XXII writes to the Archbishop of Cashel ordering him to promulgate in his province a processus pontificum against heretics. 1335 November—Pope Benedict XII writes to Edward III on behalf of Ledrede. 1339 June—Edward III orders the writs against Ledrede to be revoked. September—Edward III orders the escheator of Kilkenny to obey the writ issued in July restoring Ledrede's temporalities. Roger Outlaw dies while holding office as deputy judicier; Bicknor succeeds him. 1341 February—Ledrede sends a petition to the king claiming that Bicknor had planned to murder him in 1329. 1343—Bicknor is cited by the papacy for impeding Ledrede in his prosecution of heretics. Ossory is exempted from the jurisdiction of Dublin. The papacy orders an inquiry into Bicknor's protection of heretics. 1347 April—Ledrede receives a royal pardon and secures his temporalities back from the king; he returns to his diocese. 1349 July—Death of Alexander Bicknor. Restoration of Ossory to the jurisdiction of Dublin. 1351—Ledrede refuses a royal tax on the clergy, the 1347 pardon is revoked and the temporalities resumed. 1355—Ledrede is granted a royal pardon and his temporalities restored. He is accused of instigating a violent attack on a priory. 1356/7 -- The English chancellor, John Thoresby, Archbishop of York, drafts a letter to the pope asking for Ledrede's removal, accusing him of senility, madness, and persecuting his parishioners. 1360—Ledrede dies. Significance In the late thirteenth and fourteenth century, heresy was considered as evidence of the struggle with the devil, with the "dangers" of witchcraft voiced by the papacy in Avignon. Pope John XXII listed witchcraft as heresy in his bull Super illius specula. Kyteler's was one of the first European witchcraft trials and followed closely on the election of this pope (1316–1334). Kyteler's case appears to involve the first recorded claim of a witch lying with her incubus. Annales Hiberniae state that: Ricardus Ledered, episcopus Ossoriensis, citavit Aliciam Ketil, ut se purgaret de heretica pravitate; quae magiae convicta est, nam certo comprobatum est, quendam demonem incubum (nomine Robin Artisson) concubuisse cum ea ... – that is, that Kyteler had intercourse with a demon named as "Robin Artisson". This case was also the first to treat the accused parties as an organized group or