The Holy Spirit (, ruh al-qudus) is mentioned four times in the Quran, where it acts as an agent of divine action or communication. The Muslim interpretation of the Holy Spirit is generally consistent with other interpretations based upon the Old and the New Testaments. Further, the Quran refers to rūḥ as Ruh al-qudus (, "the holy spirit" or "spirit of holiness") and ar-ruh al-amin ("the faithful/trustworthy spirit"). The holy spirit is more commonly known as archangel Gabriel (Arabic: جبريل‎, Jibrīl or جبرائيل‎, Jibrāʾīl), the messenger to all the prophets. In Sufism, rūḥ (; plural ) is a person's immortal, essential self—pneuma, i.e. the "spirit" or "soul". The Quran itself does not describe rūḥ as the immortal self, directly. Nevertheless, in some contexts, it animates inanimate matter. Further, it appears to be a metaphorical being, such as an angel. In one instance, rūḥ refers to Jesus. Outside the Quran, rūḥ may also refer to a spirit that roams the earth; a ghost. Among the al-Laṭaʾif as-sitta () it is the third purity. In the Quran Some Muslim commentators connected this expression with the "faithful/trustworthy spirit" (ar-ruh al-amin) who is said to have brought down the Quran in verse , and identified with Gabriel. Other Muslim commentators viewed it as identical with the created spirit described in other Quranic verses as the means by which God brought Adam to life (e.g., ), made Mary conceive Jesus and inspired angels and prophets (e.g., ). The spirit who together with "the angels" descends and ascends to God (, , ) was also identified with Gabriel in Quranic commentaries. Thus, the figure of Gabriel became a focus of theological reflection on the content of revelation and the nature of cognition itself, with distinctions articulated between reason, prophetic revelation, and mystical knowledge. Rūḥ al-qudus Rūḥ al-qudus (, "the holy spirit" or "spirit of holiness"), ar-rūḥ al-amin (, "the faithful/trustworthy spirit"), is a Quranic expressions that describes a source or means of prophetic revelations, commonly identified with the angel Gabriel. Quranic commentators disagreed in their identification of Gabriel with various uses of the word rūḥ. For some, ar-rūḥ is simply the angelic quality bestowed upon humans, but not an angel himself. The phrase rūḥ al-qudus, commonly translated as the "holy spirit" or the "spirit of holiness", occurs four times in the Quran, in and 253, Al-Ma'idah verse 110, and An-Nahl verse 102. In three instances, it