institutions and to handle the pardons and paroles of municipal inmates, was adopted in 1908. Out of the Board of Pardons and Paroles, in 1910, grew the Board of Public Welfare, the first of its kind in the country. Billikopf was a board member and Volker the president. The board oversaw provision of social services and family aid, free legal advice, a loan agency and the inspection of factories and work places. Beginning in 1913, when he was only thirty, he was included in Who’s Who In America. In 1914, the NAACP recruited Billikopf and other Jewish leaders for its board. In 1916 Billkopf was elected President of the National Association of Jewish Workers. In 1917 Billikopf left Kansas City and came to New York City where he became the executive director of the American Jewish Relief Committee which raised $20,000,000 for the aid of displaced European Jews after World War I. In 1920 he settled in Philadelphia, where he became the first full-time Director of the Federation of Jewish Charities, known today as the Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia. He also held positions with many public and private welfare agencies, most notably as president of the National Conference of Jewish Social Service. He was also prominent in labor relations in Philadelphia, one year settling more than 80 major labor disputes. While in Philadelphia, he married Ruth Marshall, daughter of famed Jewish leader and lawyer, Louis Marshall. External links Cornell.edu - 'Guide to the Jacob Billikopf Arbitration Awards, 1925-1927', Cornell University Library KCLibrary.org - Conrads, David. 1999. "Jacob Billikopf, Social Worker, 1883-1950" [biography]. Missouri Valley Special Collections. Richmond.edu - 'Commemorative Plaques at Parsons Music Library', University of Richmond References 1882 births 1950 deaths American activists American people of Russian-Jewish descent Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States