the practice of the profession. In many cases such as law, medicine and teaching, the first professional degree is also terminal, usually because no further advanced degree is required for practice in that field, even though more advanced academic degrees may exist. Typical professional degree Business: Accountant (MAcc, MAcy, MSAcy) Business Administration (MBA) Design: Architect (B.Arch, M.Arch, D.Arch) Architectural Engineer (B.A.E, M.A.E) Landscape Architect (BLA, MLA) Urban Planning (MPLAN, MCRP, MUP, MCP, MCD, MURP) Interior Design, Interior Architecture (BS, BFA, MFA, MID, MA, MS) Education or a bachelor's usable for teaching (BEd, BA, BME, BSE, BSocSc, BSc) Engineer (BE, BEng, MEng, BSE, BScEng, BASc) Healthcare: Acupuncturist (MAcOM, DAcOM) Advanced Practice Nurse (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc) Audiologist (MS, AuD) Chiropractor (DC) Health Administrator (MHA) School Counselor (M.A., M.S., M.Ed., M.Coun. [also M.C.], or Ph.D.) Mental Health Counselor (M.A., M.S., M.Ed., M.Coun. [also M.C.], or Ph.D.) Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS, CLS, MT) Dentist (DMD, BDent, DDS, BDS, BDSc, BChD, CD, Cand.Odont., Dr.Med.Dent.) Midwife (BMid, BScMid) Nurse (BSN, MSN) Occupational Therapist (OTD, DrOT, MSOT, MA, MOT) Optometrist (OD, B.Optom) Pharmacist (BPharm, BScPhm, PharmB, MPharm, Pharm.D.) Physical Therapist (DPT, DPhysio, MPT, MSPT, MPhysio, BSPT, BPT, BPhysio) Physician or Surgeon (M.D., D.O., MBBS, MDCM, MBChB, BMed, Dr.Med, Dr.MuD, Cand.med). Physician Assistant (MPAS, MPS, MS, PGDip) Podiatrist (DPM, DP, PodD, BPod, PodB) Psychologist (PhD, PsyD, ClinPsyD or EdS) Public Health (MPH) Radiation Therapist (BSc, BRad) Radiographer (BSc, BMRSc, BRad) Respiratory Therapist (MSRC, BSRT) Scientist (BSc, BS) Social Worker (BSW, BA, BSc) Speech and Language Therapist (MA, MS) Veterinarian (DVM, VMD, BVS, BVSc, BVMS) Lawyer (LL.B., J.D.) Minister (M.Div.) Advanced professional degrees Education (MEd, MAT, MT, EdS) Engineering (MEng, MASc, MMSc, PD) Healthcare: Acupuncture (DAcOM) Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN: CRNA, NP, CNM, CNS) (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc) Biotechnology (ALM) Dental Science (DDSc, Dr.Odont) (advanced degree in countries that award a bachelor's degree in dental surgery as first professional degree, usually awarded for outstanding research to a particular field of Dentistry) Dentistry (MDS, MSD, MDSc, or DClinDent) (these are usually granted at the culmination of a specialty training program in dentistry in those programs that also require research and a thesis to be completed) Medicine (MD/DO) (advanced degree in countries that award a bachelor's degree in medicine or surgery as first professional degree, usually awarded for outstanding research to a particular field of Medicine) Midwifery (MMid, MScMid) Nursing Practice (DNP) Surgery (MS, MSurg, MCh, ChM, or MChir)