as large pothole triggers a loss of vehicle control Hits oncoming vehicles during a passing maneuver on a bi-directional road Two specific types of accidents are the highsider and the lowsider. One effect riders may have to contend with is speed wobble. Serious non-fatal injuries When an accident does happen, there is a reported 80% chance of injury or death on a motorcycle in comparison to about 20% for passenger vehicles. Non-fatal injuries for motorcycle accidents include the danger of paralysis, such as quadriplegia. Automotive and motorcycle accidents together are the leading cause of spinal cord injuries, about 35% percent; this can include more minor injuries to the spinal cord up to more severe cases such paraplegic (2) or quad (4) plegic cases. Paralysis injuries can cost 300 thousand to 1 million USD to treat in the first year, and one to 4 million over the person's lifetime. In some cases, people may survive their accident but have limbs amputated. Comparisons In 2013, 4,735 pedestrians and 743 bicyclists were killed compared to 4,688 on motorcycles. (In the US, motorcycles includes both motorized tricycles and bicycles.) In 2013, a total of 32,479 were killed including motorcycle fatalities. Compared to passenger vehicles, motorcycles had 28 times the number of fatalities as cars per mile driven in 2016. 319 died on All terrain vehicles in 2013. The breakdown in deaths by type of bike in 2013 is as follows: Cruiser 1,281, Touring 578, Sport-touring 22, Sport 269, Supersport 945, off-road 42, other or unknown 889. Breakdown for 2013 by engine size is 1,951 for under 1000 CC, 692 for 1000 to 1400, and 1,276 for over 1400 (approximately). 1,832 were single-vehicle crashes and 2,549 were multi-vehicle crashes. 327 died on ATVs in 2011 compared to 4,612–4,403 on motorcycles that year. Motorcycles in the US In the US, the NHTSA defines the following vehicles as motorcycles: mopeds, two- or three-wheeled motorcycles, off-road motorcycles, scooters, mini bikes, and pocket bikes. Crash conditions See also Motorcycle safety List of deaths by motorcycle accident Rider deaths in motorcycle racing Hurt Report 1981 safety research Lane splitting Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics Crumple zones Transportation safety in the United States Notes Further reading Motorcycle Safety Program, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Motorcyclist Fatalities by State (2011) Costs of Injuries Resulting from Motorcycle Crashes: A Literature Review Traumatic Ectopic Dislocation of Testis ( a case of traumatic testicular dislocation with