felt vindicated by their inclusion in this exhibition, which established that contemporary Australian painting had a well-founded national identity. In the months after the Antipodeans exhibition, Boyd, Perceval and Blackman all moved to London, and established successful exhibiting careers on the European scene. The Antipodeans were a Melbourne movement. In 1961, a group calling themselves the Sydney 9 — which included the Australian abstract artists Hector Gilliland, Carl Plate, Leonard Hessing, Stan Rapotec, John Olsen, Robert Klippel, Clement Meadmore and Bill Rose — held an exhibition of paintings and sculpture to counter the Antipodeans group. The group also recruited a young critic, Robert Hughes, to oppose the stance of Bernard Smith. In 1999, the now internationally known art movement Stuckism was founded, which among other preceding art movements draws on the principles of The Antipodeans. See also Sydney Charm School Paris School New York School Art of Australia Stuckism in Australia References External links Grove Dictionary of Art Art movements Australian art Australian artist groups and collectives Modern art Figurative Abstraction