In 2008, authorities said that 43,000 people have been killed in the violence, however various human rights groups and non-governmental organisations have put the figure at twice that number. According to the Government of India Home Ministry, 2008 was the year with the lowest civilian casualties in 20 years, with 89 deaths, compared to a high of 1,413 in 1996. In 2008, 85 security personnel died compared to 613 in 2001, while 102 militants were killed. The human rights situation improved, with only one custodial death, and no custodial disappearances. Many analysts say Pakistan's preoccupation with jihadis within its own borders explains the relative calm. In March 2009, Abdullah stated that only 800 militants were active in the state and out of these only 30% were Kashmiris. Data released in 2011 by Jammu and Kashmir government stated that, in the last 21 years, 43,460 people have been killed in the Kashmir insurgency. Of these, 21,323 are militants, 13,226 civilians killed by militants, 3,642 civilians killed by security forces, and 5,369 policemen killed by militants. In 2016 Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society said there had been 70,000 plus killings, a majority committed by the Indian armed forces. Natural disaster diplomacy The 2005 Kashmir earthquake, which killed over 80,000 people, led to India and Pakistan finalising negotiations for the opening of a road for disaster relief through Kashmir. 2014 India–Pakistan floods was also followed by statements of cooperation by leaders of both countries. See also History of Kashmir India–Pakistan relations Indian White Paper on Jammu and Kashmir Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan Notes Citations Bibliography Often referred to as Sheikh Abdullah's autobiography. It has not been copyrighted in deference to Sheikh Abdullah's wishes. Further reading Pre-independence history Drew, Federic. 1877. The Northern Barrier of India: a popular account of the Jammoo and Kashmir Territories with Illustrations.&;#8221; 1st edition: Edward Stanford, London. Reprint: Light & Life Publishers, Jammu. 1971. Partition and post-independence Hussain, Shahla. 2021. Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition. Cambridge University Press. Webb, Matthew J. Kashmir's right to secede: A critical examination of contemporary theories of secession. Vol. 54. Routledge, 2012 Howard B. Schaffer Chester Bowles: New Dealer in the Cold War. Harvard University Press. 1993 . Malik, Iftikhar H. "The Kashmir Dispute: A Cul-De-Sac in Indo-Pakistan Relations?." Perspectives on Kashmir (1992): 299–318. Dr. Ijaz Hussain, 1998, Kashmir Dispute: An International