all his predecessors and contemporaries combined is due our present knowledge of the Orthoptera." In 1889 Scudder completed his monumental treatise, Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada incorporating 30 years of work on the physiology, life history, distribution, and classification of butterflies. This publication cemented his reputation as a leading lepidopterist of his day, and remained a standard and influential work for many years. In addition to numerous scientific papers, Scudder also wrote several popular accounts of butterflies for the general public. In 1865, Scudder wrote his first paper on fossil insects, Devonian Insects of New Brunswick. After the Civil War, the extensive explorations of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) led to the discovery of many fossil insects. From 1886 to 1892, Scudder was employed as the staff paleontologist to analyze and publish these findings for the USGS. His extensive work was summarized in The Fossil Insects of North America (two volumes, 1890) and in 1891 he prepared a valuable index of the fossil insects of the world. Scudder eventually described more than 1100 new species of fossil insects, and wrote 122 papers on the subject. Beginning in 1862, Scudder had a long association with the Boston Society of Natural History, where he served in various roles, including recording secretary, librarian, custodian, vice president (1874-1880), and president (1880-1887). He also worked as an assistant librarian at Harvard from 1879 to 1882, and held the office of librarian for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His interest in librarianship and bibliography led him to compile and publish in 1879 a catalog of scientific serials of all countries from 1633 to 1876. He also published Nomenclator Zoologicus (1882–1884), a seminal and comprehensive list of all generic names in zoology, including insects. In his other contributions, Scudder was co-founder of the Cambridge Entomological Club and its journal Psyche (1874); general secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1875), and vice president (1894); cofounder, editor, and guide of the Appalachian Mountain Club (1878); first editor of Science magazine; (1883–1885) and USGS paleontologist (1886–1892). He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1878. In 1867, Scudder married Ethelinda Jane Blatchford, who died in 1872. Their only son, Gardner, was close to his father and accompanied him on many of his field trips. Gardner died of tuberculosis in 1896. At about the same time, Scudder