as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details. Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Palkot subdistrict, Hindus numbered 41,635 and formed 51.49% of the population, followed by: (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) ‘Other religious communities’ (23,185/ 28.67%), Christians (15,333/ 18.96%), Muslims (587/ 0.73%), and persons who did not state their religion (119/ 0.15%). Scheduled Tribes numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Oraon, Dhangars (62.63%), Munda, Patars (11.70%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and Chik Baraik (2.57%). Economy Overview 80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011–12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." Livelihood In Palkot CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 31,959 and formed 68.16%, agricultural labourers numbered 9,663 and formed 20.61%, household industry workers numbered 1,247 and formed 2.66% and other workers numbered 4,019 and formed 8.57%. Total workers numbered 46,888 and formed 57.99% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 33,971 and formed 42.01% of the population. Infrastructure There are 73 inhabited villages in Palkot CD block. In 2011, 6 villages had power supply. 1 village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 73 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 70 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 9 villages had post offices, 5 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had telephones (land lines), 12 villages had mobile phone coverage. 73 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 12 villages had bus service (public/ private), 8 villages had autos/ modified autos, 10 village had taxi/ van, 22 villages had tractors. 4 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies, 33 villages had public distribution system. Agriculture In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain