Hindus constituted 44.45%, Muslims 32.74% and Christians 6.01% of the population. The percentage of scheduled tribes in the population of Pakuria CD block was 64.35%. In the district as a whole, scheduled tribes constituted 44.59% of the population. Around 85% of the tribal population was composed of Santhals. There are two primitive groups – Mal Paharias and Sauria Paharias. At the time of the 2011 census, 62.52% of the population spoke Santali, 21.53% Khortha, 9.90% Bengali, 2.54% Bhojpuri and 1.55% Malto as their first language. Rural poverty 50-60% of the population of Pakur district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Sahebganj, Deoghar and Garhwa districts. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%. Economy Livelihood In Pakuria CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 15,378 and formed 30.04%, agricultural labourers numbered 25,563 and formed 49.93%, household industry workers numbered 1,410 and formed 2.75% and other workers numbered 8.844 and formed 17.28%. Total workers numbered 51,195 and formed 47.15% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 57,381 and formed 52.85% of total population. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes. Infrastructure There are 148 inhabited villages in Pakuria CD block. In 2011, 21 villages had power supply. 5 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 132 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 147 villages had hand pumps, and 1 village did not have drinking water facility. 17 villages had post offices, 3 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephones (land lines), 4 villages had public call offices and 31 villages had mobile phone coverage. 141 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 2 villages had bus service