in what would come to be known as the Madiun Affair. They killed pro-government officers, and announced over radio the formation of a new "National Front" government. Caught by surprise by the premature coup attempt, Communist leaders, including Amir, rushed to Madiun to take charge of the government. The following day, about 200 pro-PKI and other leftist leaders who remained in Yogyakarta were arrested by the Republican government, with Sukarno denouncing the Madiun rebels over radio, and calling upon Indonesians to rally against Musso and his plans for a Soviet-style government. Musso replied on radio that he would fight to the finish, while, the People's Democratic Front branches in Banten and Sumatra announced they had nothing to do with the rebellion. In the following weeks, pro-government forces, led by the Siliwangi Division, marched on Madiun where there were an estimated 5,000-10,000 pro-PKI soldiers. As the rebels retreated they killed Masyumi and PNI leaders and officials, and in the villages killings took place along santri-abangan lines. On 30 September, the rebels abandoned Madiun, and were pursued by pro-government troops through the countryside. Musso was killed on 31 October trying to escape custody. Amir and 300 rebel soldiers were captured by Siliwangi troops on 1 December. Some 35,000 people were later arrested. It is thought perhaps 8,000 people were killed in the affair. As part of a second major military offensive against the Republic, on 19 December Dutch troops occupied Yogyakarta city and the Republican government was captured, including Sukarno, Hatta, Agus Salim, and Sjahrir. Republican forces withdraw to the countryside beginning full-scale guerrilla war on either side of the van Mook line. Rather than risk their release, the army killed Amir and fifty other leftist prisoners as it withdrew from Yogyakarta that evening. See also First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet Madiun Affair Notes References Citations Sources 1907 births 1948 deaths People from Medan Prime Ministers of Indonesia People of Batak descent Converts to Protestantism from Islam People of the Indonesian National Revolution Indonesian Protestants Indonesian former Muslims Socialist Party of Indonesia politicians Defense ministers of Indonesia Indonesian Christians Christian communists Indonesian Christian socialists Indonesian newspaper editors Newspaper editors from the Dutch East Indies Rechtshogeschool te Batavia alumni Executed Indonesian people Executed prime ministers