by breeding. Mating Mating system Male H. japonica are observed to congregate in leks in an attempt to mate with female H. japonica. A lek is an area where males will congregate in order to perform courtship displays in order to mate with females. Male leks seem to form preferentially at spots with significant water resources. Female distribution appears to be skewed towards male lekking sites. These lekking sites were identified by their extremely high male density. Female distribution does not seem to be explained by other factors like water availability, vegetation, or herbicide levels. The lek model that seems to fit the lekking exhibited by H. japonica is the environmental hotspot model. This is because the sites that had the highest male density were those that had significantly high female encounter rates. Thus, there seems to be some bias of lek location towards areas with high female densities. Females need water for oviposition and the preference of male leks to form near water could be a mediating factor in choosing spots close to females. Calling Male H. japonica will call to signal their presence to females and to compete with other males. Notes of H. japonica calls are made up of fine pulses, and exist mainly at the frequency of 1.7 kHz. H. japonica was observed to make the majority, if not all, of their calls at night. H. japonica also seemed to call when they were located on the banks of rice paddies. Note length and note interval were observed to decrease in H. japonica males when temperature increased. Preference H. japonica are observed to prefer more shallow and smaller bodies of water for breeding. H. japonica prefer bodies of water termed oxbow lakes, likely due to their freestanding nature and higher chance of being refilled. Oxbow lakes are likely preferred due to the inability of tadpoles to swim along or against strong currents. Infection effects on calling H. japonica is susceptible to infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection causes a disease termed Chytridiomycosis. Chytridiomycosis is an amphibian disease that has devastated many amphibian populations across the world. H. japonica seems to be susceptible to Chytridiomycosis, however the disease does not appear to pose a high burden to this species. In fact, H. japonica has not been observed to suffer from increased morbidity or mortality from Chytridiomycosis H. japonica in Korea seem to have Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection