history to deny transcendence; rationalism was its creed. This bourgeois ideology even ignores art in its extreme manifestations. There was a second, “inauthentic” novel form that draws on the collective consciousness. Goldmann suggests that Eugène Sue or Alexandre Dumas, père are examples of this form. References Goldmann, Lucien. Towards a Sociology of the Novel. 1964. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Tavistock Publications, 1975. 1963 non-fiction books Books by Lucien Goldmann French literary criticism Books of literary criticism