of the Law Building include a pedestrian bridge connecting the School of Law with Litchfield Towers dormitories, Lawrence Hall, and Wesley W. Posvar Hall. Deans of the Law School John Douglass Shafer, 1895–1920 Alexander Marshall Thompson, 1920–1940 Eugene Allen Gilmore, 1940–1942 Judson Adams Crane, 1942–1949 Charles Bernard Nutting, 1949–1951 Judson Adams Crane (Acting Dean), 1951–1952 Brainerd Currie, 1952–1953 Arthur Larson (on leave of absence 1954–56), 1953–1956 Charles Wilson Taintor II (Acting Dean), 1954–1957 Thomas McIntyre Cooley II, 1957–1965 William Edward Sell, Chairman, Administrative Committee, 1965–1966; Dean, 1966–1977 John E. Murray Jr., 1977–1984 Richard J. Pierce Jr., 1984–1985 Mark A. Nordenberg, 1985–1993 (University Chancellor, 1995–2014) Richard H. Seeburger (Interim Dean), 1993–1994 Peter M. Shane, 1994–1998 David J. Herring, 1998–2005 Mary A. Crossley, 2005–2012 William M. Carter Jr., 2012–2018 Amy J. Wildermuth, 2018–2023 Haider Ala Hamoudi (Interim Dean), 2023-Present Academics The University of Pittsburgh School of Law offers four degrees. The J.D. (Juris Doctor) is the required degree to practice law in most of the United States, thus J.D. students make up most of the school's student body. Academic programs The John P. Gismondi Civil Litigation Certificate Program Environmental Law, Science and Policy Health Law Intellectual Property and Technology Law International and Comparative Law Disability Studies Law and Entrepreneurship Washington, D.C. Externship Program Pitt Law Center for International Legal Education Pitt Law offers area studies in the following international legal systems: Asian Studies Global Studies Latin American Studies Russia and Eastern European Studies Western European Studies These area studies serve to supplement the study of International Law, in addition to providing Pitt Law students with the opportunity to pursue careers abroad. Experiential skills programs Clinics The University of Pittsburgh School of Law has several clinical programs, which allow law students to gain practical experience as lawyers before graduating from law school. The following clinics are currently offered by the School of Law: Tax Clinic Securities Arbitration Clinic Family Law Clinic Environmental Law Clinic Health Law Clinic Elder Law Clinic Immigration Law Clinic Lawyering Skills Competitions The law school also hosts and facilitates multiple moot court and lawyering skills competitions for law students. The law school's Moot Court Board administers three intramural competitions each year: the Appellate Moot Court Competition, the Murray S. Love Trial Moot Court Competition, and the Negotiations Competition. The school also assembles teams to compete at multiple interscholastic and international moot court competitions covering specialized areas such as Energy