was deemed "not completely satisfactory and the community did not allow him to teach in Australia". On 23 and 24 May 1839, Kavel convened a meeting of the elders of the three villages. At this meeting, the constitution of the new Australian Lutheran synod was adopted. At the following synodical gathering in 1840, a letter was drafted and subsequently sent to the "Old Lutherans" in Prussia. Its purpose was to encourage others to emigrate and, most importantly, have a second pastor immigrate to Australia. On 28 October 1841, 224 further Prussian immigrants arrived in Adelaide on the Skjold, among them Pastor Gotthard Fritzsche. This group formed the main part of the settlements at Lobethal and Bethanien. At Lobethal Krummnow, who was now a naturalised English citizen and was able to purchase land, the settlers provided him with funds to establish a community: Krummnow wanted it based on his own principles of shared property and fervent prayer. The Lobethal settlers rejected Krummnow's vision and legally disputed his right to the land titles. In 1842, Langmeil was settled. Kavel remained in South Australia until his death. Division in the Church Tension arose between Kavel and the settled migrants at Hahndorf and Klemzig when he strongly urged them to relocate to Langmeil. Family Kavel's parents, Albrecht Christian Kavel (c. 1766 – August 1842) and (Charlotte) Sabine Kavel, née Fillgraf, (25 December 1767 – 1852) also emigrated aboard Prince George in 1838. August Kavel married Anne Catherine Pennyfeather, an English woman, on 28 March 1840. She died on 25 December 1841 after giving birth to a stillborn son and was buried in the tiny Klemzig cemetery (Kavel's parents would also be buried there). Kavel married again in 1851, to Johanna Beata Irrgang; they had no offspring. His sister Maria Charlotte Sabine Kavel (2 August 1806 – 6 April 1880) emigrated aboard Prince George in 1838 and married (Johann Friedrich) August Fiedler (21 February 1796 – 17 September 1880). Three brothers Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Kavel, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Kavel, and Daniel Samuel also emigrated on the same voyage. Literature (in English and German) Theodor Hebart: Die Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Australien ... 1838–1938. Lutheran Book Depot, Adelaide 1938. – Detailed description of the early years of the Lutheran Church in Australia, including an illustration and explanation of the theological conflicts between Kavel and Fritsche. Wilhelm Iwan: Um des Glaubens willen nach Australien: Eine Episode deutscher