carefulness of life would have been removed too' (Cicero) 'I can say this, that I will have achieved enough, if no danger redounds on me.' Very rarely a future perfect of direct speech can be represented in an indirect statement by followed by a perfect or pluperfect subjunctive: (Cicero) 'I was hoping that by the time you received this letter, the requests which I requested from you in my earlier letter would have been granted' (Epistolary imperfect = 'I hope that...') As the last two examples above illustrate, in a subordinate clause in the future perfect tense usually becomes either the perfect subjunctive () or pluperfect subjunctive (), according to whether the tense of the introductory verb is primary or historic. In a few cases, however, when the introductory verb is in the 1st or 2nd person, the future perfect indicative is retained. Ideal potential situations The distinction between the ideal conditional ('if this were to happen') and the simple future conditional ('if this happens') disappears in indirect speech). Thus in an indirect statement, the future participle is used, just as with a future logical conditional: (Cicero) 'he says that if he were being burnt, he would say "how pleasant this is!"' In the following indirect statement, the future infinitive of is combined with a gerundive to express what would happen in a hypothetical future situation: (Curtius) '(he had written that) a person would inevitably grow old just visiting such a huge country, even without fighting a battle' Present unreal situations If a reported statement depends on a situation contrary to fact, the verb takes the form of a future participle + , which is known as the periphrastic perfect infinitive. The following examples illustrate a present unreal (contrary to fact) situation: (Cicero) 'they confess that they would not lift a hand for the sake of virtue, unless virtue itself gave pleasure' (Cicero) 'do you think any old woman would be so crazy as to believe in dreams if they didn't come true by chance sometimes?' (Pliny) 'what do we think would be happening to him if he were alive?' – 'he would be dining with us!' As illustrated above, in an unreal conditional, the imperfect or pluperfect tense of the subjunctive in the protasis '(if' clause) remains unchanged, even after a primary tense verb. Past unreal events and situations Exactly the same construction with the future participle plus can