been sent to me by Marcellus' (Livy) 'they say that his head caught fire while many people were watching' The perfect infinitive can also represent an imperfect indicative in the original sentence. In the following example is equivalent to the imperfect tense in direct speech: (Nepos) 'it is said that at that time the mother of Pausanias was still living' In the following example, to emphasise the idea of habitual action, a frequentative verb 'I do often' is used: (Ammianus) 'which is something that we read Alexander the Great frequently used to do' If the infinitive is passive (e.g. ), the auxiliary verb can sometimes be omitted: (Seneca) 'he heard that his brother had been killed' (Ammianus) 'it was reported that Constantinople had been shaken by an earthquake' Perfect participle with Occasionally a perfect passive infinitive is found formed with instead of the usual . This usually refers to a situation that existed at a certain time in the past resulting from an earlier event: (Asconius) 'it appears from the speech that while the trial was in progress, an army had been stationed in the forum by Gnaeus Pompeius' (Plautus) 'are you saying that (at the time when you saw me) I was wearing (lit. was dressed in) a lady's mantle?' (Cicero) 'it is sufficient to show that (at the time Clodius was murdered) great hope had been placed for him in Milo's death' In other examples the participle refers to a situation that existed up until a certain time in the past, but which changed later: (Ovid) 'Zancle (= Messina in Sicily) too is said to have been formerly joined to Italy, until the sea took away the common boundary' (Cicero) 'I found out that (until you got to know him better) he had previously been unfairly suspected by you' (Livy) 'Tanaquil addressed the people: she said that the king had been knocked unconscious by the sudden blow, but he had now recovered' For further examples see Latin tenses#Perfect infinitive with fuisse. Later event or situation If an indirect statement describes an event or situation later than the introductory verb, the future infinitive is used. This consists of the future participle + , if active, or the supine + if passive. The future participle is an adjective, and so changes for number and gender: (Cicero) 'and they said that they were going to send a letter to you' The