larger than the outer ones. The males differ from the females by a black pocket filled with scented scales in cell 1c, near the discoid cell on the upper side of the hind wings. The pockets are only created after hatching while the moth inflates its wings by turning up scented flakes. They play an important role in courtship, along with tufts of hair that can be turned out on the abdomen. The hairs sprout almost only from the rear third of the tuft of hair, a typical feature of the Danaini genera grouped under the clade Danaina. The underside of the forewing is black, only the apex, like the underside of the hind wings, is olive-brown. The pattern largely corresponds to the top. The antennae are black, as are the head and thorax, these two still bearing white dots and lines. The top of the abdomen is dark, the underside is pale brownish yellow colored with white shimmering underneath at the segment boundaries Life cycle Food plants The butterfly larva generally feed on plants of family Asclepiadaceae. The recorded host plants are: Asclepias Calotropis Heterostemma Marsdenia Heterostemma cuspidatum Hoya viridiflora Marsdenia tenacissima Wattakaka volubilis (syn. Drega volubilis) Crotalaria spp. Epibaterium spp. Soya Larva Yellowish white; 3rd and 12th segments, each with a pair of fleshy filaments, black and greenish white; each of the segments with four transverse black bars, the second bar on all broader than the others, bifurcated laterally, a yellow longitudinal line on each side; head, feet and claspers spotted with black. The larva is around in length and weighs around initially, but grows double that size and four times that weight within 48 hours. Pupa "Green with golden scattered spots and beaded dorsal crescent". (Frederic Moore quoted in Bingham) Range The species is distributed in South Asia and Southeast Asia. In 2019, a single adult specimen was reported from the Balearic Islands, marking it the first record of the species in Europe. Subspecies Listed alphabetically: T. l. bentenga (Martin, 1910) – Selajar T. l. conjuncta Moore, 1883 – Java, Bali, Kangean, Bawean, Lesser Sunda Islands T. l. exotica (Gmelin, 1790) – United Arab Emirates T. l. ino (Butler, 1871) – Sula T. l. leopardus (Butler, 1866) – Ceylon, India - southern Burma T. l. limniace (Cramer, [1775]) – southern China, Indochina, Hainan, Taiwan T. l. makassara (Martin, 1910) – southern Sulawesi T. l. orestilla (Fruhstorfer, 1910)