Kaleidoscope hotel in Kingston, moved to York. During that time, he and Smith would send each other tapes of unkind songs they had written for each other. Smith played in another band at the age of 16 called Gazunder alongside the Sound frontman Adrian Borland and rock drummer Bruce Bizland, which sounded like the rock instrumentals on David Bowie's The Man Who Sold the World (1970). The Filth to Cardiacs: 1977–2008 Formation, demos and line-up changes: 1977–1984 At the age of 16, Smith formed a rock group, the Filth. Often misremembered as "Philip Pilf and the Filth", the group was established by Smith in 1977. The same year, the Filth wrote the song "Icky Qualms" and played their first gig the Kaleidoscope hotel, "a hostel for misfits and that". Smith arranged the group with Peter Tagg on drums, Jim on bass, himself on guitar and Michael Pugh on vocals. Mick Pugh, a friend of Jim's, was chosen due to his shouty voice. In 1979, Smith helped record a 7", "A Bus for a Bus on the Bus", at Elephant Studios in London. 1980 saw Smith recording the first and only Cardiac Arrest album, The Obvious Identity. Eventually, 1000 cassettes were recorded, but only sold at concerts to save on expenditure. Smith decided to change the name of the band to Cardiacs in 1981. He helped record the band's first album, Toy World, in the same manner as the Cardiac Arrest album – on cassette tape – at a small basement studio known as Crow Studios. After another line up change, Smith recruited Tim Quy (percussion), Sarah Cutts (saxophone) and Dominic Luckman (drums). Studio years, side projects and solo work: 1984–2008 The label Alphabet Business Concern was created in 1984. Smith was asked by vocalist Fish to support his band Marillion on their forthcoming tour near the end of the year. Smith agreed but was not prepared for the hostile audience that awaited them on all legs of the tour (forcing them off the final three days of the tour). From then until 1999, Cardiacs released six studio albums, as well as a number of singles, EPs and live albums. During the 1990s, Smith took a break from Cardiacs to work on various other projects. During 1989 and 1991, he wrote songs for a solo album, Tim Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld, eventually released in 1995. Smith, his ex-wife Sarah Smith, and