of the Qur’ān; Exhortation for Morality and Truth; Qaḥṭān and ‘Adnan [the basic Arab tribes]; The Excess Deleted from Sībawayh; Introduction to Grammar; Inflection (Declension); The Speaker (The Rational Being); Superior and Distinguished; Explanation of the Names of Allah the Almighty; The Letters; Declension (Conjugation). Transcribers of al-Mubarrad The copyists Ismā’īl ibn Aḥmad Ibn al-Zajjājī and Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Shāshī were probably al-Mubarrad’s amanuenses. Other contemporary grammarians wrote commentaries of lesser value on The Book of Sībawayh. Among this group were: Abū Dhakwān al-Qāsim ibn Ismā’īl, who wrote “The Meaning of Poetry”; Abū Dhakwān’s stepson Al-Tawwazī. ‘Ubayd ibn Dhakwān Abū ‘Ali, among whose books there were Contraries, Reply of the Silencer, Oaths (Divisions) of the Arabians, Abū Ya‘lā ibn Abī Zur‘ah, a friend of al-Māzinī, who wrote A Compendium of Grammar (unfinished) Al-Mubarrad‘s leading pupil al-Zajjāj became an associate of al-Qāsim, the vizier of the ‘Abbāsid caliph al-Mu‘taḍid (892-902), and tutor to the caliph’s children. When al-Mu’taḍid was recommended the book Compendium of Speech by Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Abi ‘Abbād, which was composed in the form of tables, the caliph ordered his vizier, al-Qāsim, to commission an expositionary commentary. Al-Qāsim sent first to Tha‘lab, who declined -offering instead to work on Kitāb al-‘Ayn of al-Khalīl- and then to al-Mubarrad, who in turn declined on grounds of age. Al-Mubarrad recommended his younger colleague al-Zajjāj for such a laborious task. Al-Mubarrad had a close friendship with Ibn al-Sarrāj, one of his brightest and sharpest pupils. When al-Mubarrad died al-Sarrāj became a pupil of al-Zajjāj. Al Mubarrad taught Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Durustūyah. and Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘lsā al-Rummānī, wrote a commentary on the “Introduction" (Al-Madkhal) (on grammar) of al-Mubarrad. Ibn al-Ḥā’ik Hārūn, from al-Ḥīrah, a grammarian of al-Kūfah, debated with al-Mubarrad. A conversation between al-Mubarrad and Ibn al-Ḥā’ik is related by al-Nadīm were al-Mubarrad says to Ibn al-Ḥā’ik, “I notice that you are full of understanding, but at the same time free from pride." Ibn al-Ḥā’ik replied, “Oh, Abū al-‘Abbas, it is because of you that Allāh has provided our bread and livelihood.” Then al-Mubarrad said, “In spite of receiving your bread and livelihood, you would be proud if you had a proud nature." Al-Nadīm also relates a tradition from Abū ‘Ubayd Allāh that Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad had related that Abū al-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid [al-Mubarrad] the grammarian had said: “I never saw anyone more avaricious for