1944 Sir Alexander Cadogan of the Foreign Office informed the Polish minister of foreign affairs Edward Raczyński that Kowalewski's contacts with the opposing powers could be treated as treachery and that he should be dismissed. Although no proofs were presented, the Polish government felt forced to obey the British wish and Kowalewski was dismissed from his post on March 20 and on April 5 he was transported to London. Kowalewski was named the chief of the Polish Operations Bureau at the Special Forces Headquarters. Among his tasks was the preparation of the Polish resistance organizations in occupied Europe for Operation Overlord. However, his post was mostly titular as it was already too late for any arrangements to have effect and Kowalewski could change nothing. British exile After the war Kowalewski remained in exile in Great Britain, where he started working as a journalist. Until 1955 he was the editor in chief of an East Europe and Soviet Russia monthly. In 1958 and 1959 he was also a tutor at an unofficial military school for the Polish diaspora. He also briefly collaborated with Radio Free Europe and other Polish exile organizations. In his late years, in 1963, he briefly returned to cryptanalysis and managed to break the codes used by Romuald Traugutt during the January Uprising. He died of cancer on October 31, 1965 in London. See also History of Polish Intelligence Services List of Poles Western betrayal Notes References Jan Stanisław Ciechanowski, The Principal Achievements of Polish Intelligence (Part VI). Lt-Col. Jan Kowalewski’s Mission in Portugal, Vol. I: The Report of the Anglo-Polish Historical Committee, eds. T. Stirling, D. Nałęcz, T. Dubicki, co-ordinator of the English Language version of the Polish papers J. Ciechanowski, Vallentine Mitchell, London-Portland 2005, pp. 518–531. Richard Woytak, "Colonel Kowalewski and the Origins of Polish Code Breaking and Communication Interception," East European Quarterly, vol. XXI, no. 4 (January 1988), pp. 497–500. "Crusader In The Secret War", Judith Hare, Countess of Listowel, 1952, Christopher Johnson 1892 births 1965 deaths Military personnel from Łódź Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun Polish Army officers Polish intelligence officers Polish spies University of Liège alumni Pre-computer cryptographers Polish cryptographers Cipher Bureau (Poland) Polish anti-communists World War II spies for Poland Polish military attachés