endangerment level of H. japonica is of "Least Concern". The population is listed as stable and non-fragmented. The IUCN lists some potential threats to H. japonica, which are primarily pollution and related to other environmental factors. Specifically, droughts that will occur at a higher frequency due to climate change will negatively affect the habitats of H. japonica as they rely on inland water to survive. In addition, increased agriculture and land for livestock may displace some H. japonica. H. japonica are reported to be able to survive in other habitats, such as rice paddies. Thus, the effects of this shift in potential habitat are unlikely to affect H. japonica due to the ability of H. japonica to survive in habitats ranging from urban to mountainous regions. Additionally, H. Japonica tadpoles are susceptible to the ranavirus. Ranavirus transmits through animal-animal contact and has symptoms including abdominal edema, skin hemorrhaging, as well as damage to the liver, kidney, and spleen. Climate and habitat change have both contributed to increased virus transmission. Aside from tadpoles, ranavirus infects many amphibians, fish, and other cold-blood species. Human application H. japonica males will space their calls out such that males will avoid calling at the same time. This spacing out occurs in order to allow females to listen to each of the males’ calls. In situations where multiple H. japonica males call at the same time, the female is unable to determine the location of each male calling. This makes mating difficult because the female has to be able to locate the male in order to mate. H. japonica males are able to desynchronize their calls with relatively little central organization or communication. Humans have studied this ability of H. japonica males to behave in a coordinated manner despite no central organization or communication. Humans have used H. japonica observations in order to design wireless communication networks in order to improve efficiency in situations where no central communication hub is present. This area of science and development is termed “swarm intelligence” and further research is currently being conducted. References External links japonicus Frogs of China Amphibians of Japan Amphibians of Korea Amphibians of Mongolia Amphibians of Russia Taxa named by Albert Günther Amphibians described in 1859