Literacy According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Gumla CD block was 129,160 (72.28% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 72,765 (80.83% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 56,395 (63.6% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 17.23%. census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate Language and religion According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Gumla subdistrict, Hindi was the mother-tongue of 127,704 persons forming 59.80% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets), Kurukh (64,166/ 30.05%), Urdu (12,935/ 6.06%), Kharia (6,429/ 3.01%), Mundari (894/ .742%), Odia (367/ 0.17%), Bengali (366/ 0.17%), Maithili (317/ 0.15%) and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (368/ 0.17%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 33,528 persons having Sadri/ Sadan, 54,535 persons having Nagpuri, 634 persons having Magahi/ Magadhi, 759 persons having Bhojpuri, 225 persons having Chhattisgarhi as mother-tongue. Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Gumla subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 94,517 and formed 44.25% of the population, followed by: (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Hindus (76,594/35.86%), Muslims (21,173/ 9.91%), Christians (20,722/ 9.70), and persons who did not state their religion (366/ 0.17%). Scheduled Tribes numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Oraon, Dhangars (62.63%), Munda (11.70%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and Chik Baraik (2.57%). Economy Overview 80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." Livelihood In Gumla CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 44,133 and formed 52.40%, agricultural