its army units were small and dispersed. In popular culture This rebellion was featured in the novel Les Chouans by Honoré de Balzac and The Man in Grey, a collection of short stories about the Chouans by Baroness Orczy, as well as being the central action of the novel The Marquis of Carabas by Rafael Sabatini. It was also depicted in paintings and popular imagery. In Breton literature, Lan Inisan published Emgann Kergidou ("The Battle of Kergidou") in 1877, the first and only novel in the Breton language to be published before the First World War. The novel is set during the 1793 uprising in Saint-Pol-de-Léon. Bibliography Historical Jacques Duchemin des Cépeaux, Souvenirs de la Chouannerie, 1855 ; Émile Souvestre, Scènes de la Chouannerie, Michel Lévy, Paris, 1856; Abbé Jean-François Paulouin, La Chouannerie du Maine et Pays adjacents. 1793–1799–1815–1832. Avec la Biographie de plus de 120 Officiers., Monnoyer, Le Mans, 1875 Jean Morvan, Les Chouans de la Mayenne. 1792 - 1796, Lévy, Paris, 1900 Abbé Almire Belin (dir.), La Révolution dans le Maine. Revue bimestrielle, Imprimerie Benderitter puis M. Vilaire, Le Mans, 1925–1937 Marc Valin, Chouans de la Mayenne, Éditions Siloé, Laval, 1985 Jean Barreau, La chouannerie mayennaise sous la Convention et le Directoire, Imp. Martin, Le Mans, 1988. Anne Bernet, Les Grandes Heures de la chouannerie, Perrin, 1993 Roger Dupuy, Les Chouans, Hachette Littérature, 1997. Anne Bernet, Histoire générale de la chouannerie, Perrin, 2000. Jean Lepart,"Histoire de la Chouannerie dans la Sarthe", in Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine, Le Mans,tome CLIII, p. 13-64, 2002 and tome CLV, p 65-120, 2004. Hubert La Marle, Dictionnaire des Chouans de la Mayenne, Éditions régionales de l'Ouest - Mayenne. 2005. Bernard Coquet, Le dernier des Chouans Louis-Stanislas Sortant, 1777–1840, Éditions Ophrys-SPM, Paris, 2007. Works of fiction Honoré de Balzac, Les Chouans ou la Bretagne en 1799, La Comédie humaine, tome XIII. (also adapted as a film, Les Chouans, by Henri Calef, with Jean Marais, 1946). Victor Hugo, Quatrevingt-treize. Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, L'Ensorcelée. and Le Chevalier des Touches. Michel Ragon, les mouchoirs rouges de Cholet. The film Chouans!, by Philippe de Broca, with Philippe Noiret, Sophie Marceau, Lambert Wilson and Stéphane Freiss, 1988. D. K. Broster 'Sir Isumbras at the Ford', published in 1918. D. K. Broster 'The Yellow Poppy', published in 1920. References Further reading Furet, François and Mona Ozouf, eds. A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution (1989), pp 3–10 Sutherland,