Island, and Ohlson Mountain AFS were closed on 15 May 1963 due to budget reductions. Unalakleet, Northeast Cape, and Fire Island AFS closed 30 September 1969 due to budget reductions. Long Range Radar (LRR) Sites By the 1970s, the AC&W system had become expensive to maintain and was obsolete. In 1974 the Air Staff released its Saber Yukon study, which recommended that the system be modernized. As a result, AAC was included in the Electronic Systems Division-managed program to replace the SAGE system with a joint USAF-FAA use Region Operations Control Center/Joint Surveillance System (ROCC/JSS). The command also initiated another program to replace the site radars with minimally attended radars. The Alaskan-unique Seek Igloo program, as it became known, was also managed by the Electronic Systems Division. Construction of the Alaskan NORAD Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC), or "Top ROCC," was begun in 1980 at Elmendorf AFB. It achieved initial operational capability on 14 June 1983, and fully operational capability on 15 September 1983. Data from the Ground Control Intercept sites was remoted back to the ROCC from the 13 sites, the large number of personnel at the Radar sites were no longer needed. All military personnel were phased out by September 1983. The 13 AC&W squadrons were inactivated 1 November 1983. The AC&W sites were redesignated long range radar sites, and a small number of contract civilian personnel remained at the sites to provide maintenance. Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Stations The Distant Early Warning Line was a Cold War system of radar stations in the Arctic region of Canada, with stations in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. It was designed to detect incoming "Over the Pole" Soviet aircraft, and provide early warning for a land based invasion. Alaskan Air Command operated 40 main stations with an additional 15 gap filler sites along Alaskan north coast from the Canada–US border westward along the Aleutian Islands. The DEW Line remained in operation for about 30 years, being replaced by the North Warning System (NWS) when selected DEW Line stations were upgraded and merged with newly built stations into a more advanced early warning system. Automation was increased over the previous DEW Line system and a number of additional DEW Line stations were closed. In 1990, with the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union the system in Alaska came under the control of the Alaskan NORAD