South African archivist Verne Harris, Australian archival scholar Sue McKemmish, UCLA faculty and archival scholar Anne Gilliland, University of Michigan faculty and archival scholar Margaret Hedstrom, American archival scholar and University of Pittsburgh faculty member Richard Cox, Italian archival scholar and faculty at University of British Columbia Luciana Duranti, and American museum and archival scholar David Bearman. Critical archival studies In 2002, the journal Archival Science published a series of articles that analyzed systems of power in archival practice, theory, and recordkeeping. This outlook informed a new theoretical orientation that was described in 2017 by Punzalan, Caswell, and Sangwand as "critical archival studies". This work applies critical theory to archival science, with subjects including how people and institutions create archives that justify and perpetuate oppression. Critical archival studies has a goal of building archival practices that resist reinforcing oppression based on race, class, gender, sexuality, and ability. For example, this work includes research into failures to document racist acts. This work has influenced digital humanities, which uses archives, becoming part of digital humanities scholarship that also works to resist oppression. Archival studies have shown a re-emergence of post-custodial debate in relation to indigenous, community and human rights archives. It has been indicated that archival institutions in the global north often enter into repressive partnerships with institutions in the global south. It would only involve the transaction of valuable material from the global south and unfairly benefiting from them, increasing inequality. Archival studies have provided measures to decolonise archival practice in order to dismantle colonial and imperialist implications, especially regarding such post-custodial partnerships. Since 2016, the concept of "symbolic annihilation" has been used to describe the disappearance of communities through systematic or implicit lack of representation in archives. Adapted first into the archival literature by Caswell from feminist uses of symbolic annihilation, the idea has been used in archival studies to describe under-representation of marginalised communities within archives. This absence can also be found in archival policies as well as description and annotation practices. The preservation and the usage of accurate language and description of community archives is therefore crucial for their accessibility and inclusivity. This would ensure the consideration of neglected community values, and contribute to critical archival discussions regarding the silence in historical documentation. Critical archival studies has also worked against white privilege and white supremacy in archival theory and practice. Caswell, for example, reviewed the manner in which