French officer accompanying the three Poles. On 8 November 1942, Allied forces landed in French North Africa. When the French authorities there submitted to the Allies and broke with Vichy France, Germany occupied southern France. Major Bertrand, anticipating this outcome, evacuated Cadix on 9 November, two days before the German forces moved. The Cadix staff dispersed, attempting to reach Allied territory. Rejewski and Zygalski eventually crossed into Spain, where they were arrested and imprisoned. Released after Red Cross intercessions, they went to Britain. There they were employed by British intelligence until the war's end, against German SS "hand" ciphers. Cadix'''s Polish military chiefs, Gwido Langer and Maksymilian Ciężki, were captured by the Germans as they tried to cross from France into Spain on the night of 10–11 March 1943. Three other Poles were captured with them, Antoni Palluth, Edward Fokczyński, and Kazimierz Gaca. Langer and Ciężki became prisoners of war. The other three men were sent as slave labor to Germany, where Palluth and Fokczyński perished. All five men protected the secret of Allied decryption of the Enigma cipher. See also Cipher Bureau Saxon Palace Kabaty Woods PC Bruno Enigma cipher Ultra Jerzy Różycki Notes References Bertrand, Gustave, Enigma ou la plus grande énigme de la guerre 1939–1945 ("Enigma: the Greatest Enigma of the War of 1939–1945"), Paris, Librairie Plon, 1973. Kozaczuk, Władysław, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two'', edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984, . Staff photo Cipher Bureau (Poland) Enigma machine Vichy France