people. Nowadays the president of the Basque Country known as the Lehendakari swears his charge there. In 1798, with the establishing of the short-lived Roman Republic, such a tree was also planted in Rome's Piazza delle Scole, to mark the legal abolition of the Roman Ghetto (which was, however, re-instated with the resumption of Papal rule). The last surviving liberty elm in Italy, planted in 1799 to celebrate the new Parthenopean Republic, stood until recently in Montepaone, Calabria. The tree was badly damaged in a storm in 2008 and has been replaced by a clone. As students at the Tübinger Stift, the German philosopher Georg Hegel and his friend Friedrich Schelling planted a liberty tree on the outskirts of Tübingen, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Besides actual trees, the term "Tree of Liberty" is associated with a quotation from a 1787 letter written by Thomas Jefferson to William Stephens Smith: "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants." See also "Liberty Tree", a poem by Thomas Paine (Wikisource) Pine Tree Flag, sometimes called the Liberty Tree Flag Liberty Generation List of elm trees List of individual trees Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet References External links "A View of the Year 1765" by Paul Revere (engraving) "Liberty Tree" by Thomas Paine (poem) 1770s individual tree deaths 18th century in Boston American Revolution Boston Common Chinatown, Boston Destroyed individual trees History of Boston History of the Thirteen Colonies Individual elm trees Individual trees in Massachusetts Liberty symbols Massachusetts in the American Revolution