The Berlin Wall was referred to as the "Wall of Shame" in many more recent notable contexts, such as: The academic article, "The Democratic Invention", by Mário Soares, former Prime Minister and later President of Portugal (1986–1996) The "Our Europe" speech by Jacques Chirac, President of France, to the Bundestag, 27 June 2000 A speech in 2002 by Romano Prodi, Prime Minister of Italy and former President of the European Commission Other uses In 1998, UNIFEM organized a photo exhibit at the United Nations that contrasted a "wall of shame", focusing on women's plight and suffering, with a "wall of hope", showcasing initiatives to end violence against women. An academic paper by M. Lachance (York University) talks about the Quebec "wall of shame". Peru's "Wall of Shame", a ten foot high wall outside Lima, separating San Juan de Miraflores and Surco. The 2016 separation wall around the Ain al-Hilweh camp in Lebanon, intended to separate the local Palestinian-Lebanese population from the surrounding society. The Egypt–Gaza barrier The Israeli West Bank barrier The Mexico–United States barrier See also The Shame References Walls Berlin Wall Separation barriers 1960s neologisms Political metaphors es:Muro de la Vergüenza