used, which is sized as well. Process of the craft Gongbi requires drawing with fine lines first to represent the exaggerated likenesses of the objects, and then adds washes of ink and color layer by layer, so as to approach the perfection of exquisiteness and fine art. The practice of Gongbi is specifically on rice paper when sketching out the design and layout of the drawing. Typically, pencil is used before beginning the second draft with the tipped brushes. The variation and detail in strokes are important especially when layering each wash of ink on top of each other. There are upward and downward strokes used that emphasize detailed pictures such as facial features and insects. After hundreds of years, a technique was developed for all gongbi artists as a system. Lines are used first to contour the figure and determine the fine outlines of the painting. Modest colors are added to the painting that add onto a sense of nature; flamboyant colors are used when the content of the painting has accentuated lines. Gongbi painters Listed chronologically: Yan Liben (c. 600–673) Zhang Xuan (713–755) Zhou Fang (c. 730–800) Gu Hongzhong (937–975) Emperor Huizong of Song (1082–1135) Tang Yin (1470–1524) Qiu Ying (1494–1552) Chen Hongshou (1598–1652) See also Art movement Creativity techniques List of art media List of artistic media List of art movements List of most expensive paintings List of most expensive sculptures List of art techniques List of sculptors References Chinese painting Painting techniques