translating musical compositions into visual performance. It uses supercomputing power to produce 3D visual images and sound from Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) files and can play a variety of compositions. Performances take place in interactive, immersive, virtual reality environments such as the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE), VisionDome, or Immersadesk. Because it is a 3D immersive world, the Color Organ is also a place—that is, a performance space. Further study California Institute of the Arts scholar William Moritz has documented color organs as a form of visual music, particularly as a precursor to visual music cinema. His papers and original research are in the collection of the Center for Visual Music, Los Angeles, which also has other historical color organ papers and resources. See also Cymatics Visual music Laser harp AudioCube – an electronic device capable of controlling as well visualizing sound and music through built in full colour RGB lighting New Epoch Notation Painting Light organ – an electronic device which automatically converts an audio signal into rhythmic light effects, which was popular in 1970s discotheques. Jack Ox and David Britton's Virtual Color Organ – a computational system for translating musical compositions into visual performance. References Citations Bibliography Thomas Wilfred's Clavilux. [Borgo Press, 2006] Michael Betancourt, Mary Hallock-Greenewalt: The Complete Patents. [Wildside Press, 2005] Michael Betancourt, Visual Music Instrument Patents Volume 1. [Borgo Press, 2004] Kenneth Peacock, "Instruments to Perform Color-Music: Two Centuries of Technological Exploration." [Leonardo, Vol. 21, No.4, 1988, pp. 397–406] Tonino Tornitore, "Giuseppe Arcimboldi E Il Suo Presunto Clavicembalo Oculare." [Revue des Etudes Italiennes, Vol. 31, No. 1–4, 1985, pp. 58–77] Austin B. Caswell, The Pythagoreanism of Arcimboldo. [The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 39, No. 2, Winter 1980, pp. 155–161] Gregorio Comanini, "Il Figino, overo del fine della pittura." [Trattati D'Arte Del Cinquecento: Fra Manerismo E Controrifroma, Volume Terzo Giuseppe Laterza & Figli, 1962, pp. 238–379] Klein, Adrian Bernard, "Coloured Light An Art Medium" 3rd ed. The Technical Press, London, 1937 Ox, Jack, & Britton, Dave. (2000). The 21st Century Virtual Reality Color Organ. IEEE MultiMedia, Journal of IEEE Computer Society, 7(3), pp. 2–5. Ox, Jack. (2001). 2 Performances in the 21st Century Virtual Organ: Gridjam and Im Januar am Nil. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia: Enhance realities: Augmented and Unplugged, Center for Design Visualization, UC Berkeley. Ox, Jack. (2002). The Color Organ and Collaboration.