Reach is the number of individuals from the universe who are exposed to the medium or vehicle. Reach is normally expressed in terms of % (percentages) Calculation of reach: If universe is: 1,000,000 individuals (this is approx. data, it is usually defined through sampling through people-meter): For a single episode of a program (30 minutes or 1 hour) If out of above 1,000,000 of individuals 600,000 saw at least 1 minute of programme then: Reach = (600,000/1,000,000) x 100 Reach = 60% Variations of the reach concept: Gross reach Gross reach is the summation of all audiences who have been exposed to the vehicle. Week 1: 1,000 Week 2: 2,000 Week 3: 1,500 Week 4: 1,200 Hence, gross reach = Week 1 + Week 2 + Week 3 + Week 4 Gross reach = 5,700 Cumulative reach Cumulative reach: The audiences accumulate over the time The number of individuals within the TG who are exposed to the medium or vehicle over a certain period of time Total time = Total average minutes (universe) x Universe Total time/reach = Avg minutes viewers Net reach Net reach Net reach is the summation of all audiences who have been exposed to the vehicle and excludes the duplication of the viewership. What is a TVR (television rating point): TVR = Reach x Time spent TVR = (minutes viewed/minutes available) + (minutes viewed / minutes available) /N X100 N = Number of individuals Gross rating points (GRPs) The sum of all ratings achieved in a campaign GRP levels are generally measured and reported on a 4-week basis It is a measure of the media plan's trust CPRP Measurement used in planning a television media buy based on the cost of a commercial time slot and the rating of the program where the time slot is positioned. If, for example, the cost of a commercial time slot during prime time was 1000 and the program rating for that time was 10 (which means that 10% of the total potential audience was tuned to that program), then the cost per GRP would be 1000 divided by 10%, or 100. The CPRP measurement is a way of measuring the efficiency of media cost, as compared to measuring the cost per thousand (CPT) and is generally used when making comparisons of the various broadcast vehicles. When the actual buy is made, the advertiser will still want to know the