for alternating current, or below 75 V for direct current. The directive only covers electrical equipment and not voltages appearing inside equipment or voltages in electrical components. IEC IEC 61140:2016, Basic safety publication defines ELV as ≤ 50V AC (RMS) and ≤ 120V DC ripple-free. IEC 60364-4-41:2017, Group safety publication defines ELV as ≤ 50V AC (RMS) and ≤ 120V DC ripple-free. Australia and New Zealand AS/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules define "extra low voltage" as "Not exceeding 50V AC or 120V ripple-free DC" However, AS/ACIF S009 Clause 3.1.78.1 Extra-Low Voltage (ELV)states: "a voltage not exceeding 42.4V peak or 60V DC [AS/NZS 60950.1:2003]" and adds a note: "This definition differs from the ELV definition contained in AS/NZS 3000:2000" which is more closely aligned to the Telecommunications Network Voltage (TNV) limits ... i.e. 120V DC or 70.7V AC peak (50V AC RMS)" which accommodates telephone ringing voltage on the nominally −48V DC battery supply which could be encountered on a telephone line and was not considered hazardous, whereas 120V AC without current limiting at its source can inject 115mA into individuals leading to fibrillation of the heart. Brazil In Brazil, ELV (Extra-baixa tensão or EBT in Portuguese) is officially defined in Regulatory Standard no. 10 from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment as any voltage "not exceeding 50 volts a.c. or 120 volts d.c.". Although that standard defines safety rules for electricity, the Regulatory Standard no. 12 requires an even lower voltage for start and stop devices on machines and equipment made from March 2012 and on, stating it shall not exceed 25 volts AC or 60 volts DC References External links Electrical Safety chapter from Lessons In Electric Circuits Vol 1 DC book and series. Voltage Electric power Electrical safety