in 1810 was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, another French satellite. It was not until after the German War of Liberation in 1813 that the sovereignty of Hesse-Cassel was restored. The incorporation of Hanau into Hesse-Cassel was, however, not completed until the death of prince-elector William in 1821, and the administrative reforms under his successor William II, when the county became the of Hanau. References Citations Cited literature Arnd, Carl (1858). Geschichte der Provinz Hanau und der unteren Maingegend. Hanau. Kügler, Detmar (1980). Die deutschen Truppen in amerikanischen Unabhängigleitskrieg. Stuttgart. Nöding, Caspar (1836). Statistik, Topographie und Geschichte des Landgräflichen und Kurfürstlichen Hauses Hessen-Kassel. Kassel. Dietrich, Reinhard (1993). " … wegen geführten großen Staats, aber schlechter Zahlung der Schulden …. Zur finanziellen Lage der Grafschaft Hanau im 17. Jahrhundert." Hanauer Geschichtsblätter, 31. Hesse-Hanau Hesse-Hanau Early Modern history of Germany 1760 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire