Afghanistan, Persia and Iraq. When this threat was removed late in 1942 after the battles of Stalingrad and El Alamein, the focus was switched to South East Asia. The India Mission's first cover name was GS I(k), which made it appear to be a record-keeping branch of GHQ India. The name, Force 136 was adopted in March 1944. From December 1944, the organisation's headquarters moved to Kandy in Ceylon and co-operated closely with South East Asia Command which was also located there. In 1946, Force 136 was wound up, along with the rest of SOE. Organisation Command level Force 136 was organised into three Groups to conduct covert operations in different parts of Asia. Basic level A typical Force 136 team consisted of 8 agents, including two commanders, two agents in charge of demolition, one wireless telecommunication (W/T) operator, one agent to cipher and decrypt messages and two scouts. Training Force 136 agents received commando/special forces training from the British Military. The training course lasted for three months and included skills such as stalking, silent killing, demolition, jungle patrolling and survival, wireless operations, espionage, parachuting, interpretation and silent swimming. Known training centres for Force 136 agents were: Eastern Warfare School (also known as Jungle Training Course) of the 3rd Commando Brigade in Poona, India. Royal Marine Group Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisation Instructional Wing, Chatham Camp in Colombo, Ceylon. This was a transit base for commando forces (including No. 1 Commando, No. 5 Commando, No. 42 (Royal Marine) Commando and No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando) before the Burma campaign 1944–45 and Operation Zipper. Commando Bay at Okanagan Lake, Canada. Operations Malaya The Oriental Mission of SOE attempted to set up "stay-behind" and resistance organisations from August 1941, but their plans were opposed by the British colonial governor, Sir Shenton Thomas. They were able to begin serious efforts only in January 1942, after the Japanese Invasion of Malaya had already begun. An irregular warfare school, 101 Special Training School (STS 101), was set up by the explorer and mountaineer Freddie Spencer Chapman. Chapman himself led the first reconnaissances and attacks behind Japanese lines during the Battle of Slim River. Although the school's graduates mounted a few operations against the Japanese lines of communication, they were cut off from the other Allied forces by the fall of Singapore. An attempt was made by the Oriental Mission to set up a HQ in