mother's Wolf clan in the matrilineal society. Fluent in English and Mohawk, he became a leader on the Six Nations reserve and an interpreter for the Canadian government. As an informal diplomat and negotiator, he helped facilitate relations between the Native and British communities. George Johnson married Emily Howells, a native of England whose family had immigrated to the United States in 1832. They had four children, including Emily Pauline Johnson (1861–1913), who became a respected Native American poet. Notes and references External links and further reading Horatio Hale, "Chapter III: The Book of Rites", The Iroquois Book of Rites (1883), Gutenberg Website, references to J. S. Johnson and his son George M. Johnson Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online O'Toole, Fintan, White Savage: William Johnson and the Invention of America; New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. . "John Smoke Johnson", The Pauline Johnson Archive, McMaster University 1792 births 1886 deaths Canadian Mohawk people Native American leaders Native American people of the Indian Wars Indigenous leaders in Ontario Six Nations of the Grand River