Constitution was made amenable by a simple majority of all the elected MPs in Parliament. 1970. To safeguard the rights of racial and religious minorities in Singapore, the Presidential Council was established. Renamed the Presidential Council for Minority Rights in 1973, its main function is to scrutinize most of the bills passed by Parliament to ensure that they do not discriminate against any racial or religious community. 1979. The proportion of elected MPs required to amend the Constitution was returned to at least a two-thirds supermajority during the Second and Third Readings of a constitutional amendment bill. 1984. Non-constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs) were introduced. 1988. Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs) were introduced. These are electoral divisions or constituencies in Singapore, the MPs of which are voted into Parliament as a group. At least one member of each GRC must be a member of a minority community. 1990. Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) were introduced to bring non-partisan voices into Parliament. 1991. The Constitution was amended to provide for a popularly and directly elected president. 1994. The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal was established to provide a mechanism for the President, acting on Cabinet's advice, to refer to the Tribunal for its opinion any question as to the effect of any provision of the Constitution which has arisen or appears to likely to arise. 2016. The concept of reserved elections for a community that has not held the office of President for 5 or more consecutive terms was added. 2022. Ensures that Parliament has the right to define marriage and protect it from court challenges, the definition that a marriage is between a man and a woman. See also Law of Singapore Notes References Citations Sources Cases Kesavananda Bharati v. The State of Kerala [1973] INSC 258 , A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1461, Supreme Court (India). Phang Chin Hock v. Public Prosecutor [1980] 1 M.L.J. [Malaya Law Journal] 70, Federal Court (Malaysia). . Teo Soh Lung v. Minister for Home Affairs [1989] 1 S.L.R.(R.) 461, H.C. (Singapore) ("Teo Soh Lung (H.C.)"). . . Taw Cheng Kong v. Public Prosecutor [1998] 1 S.L.R.(R.) 78, H.C. (Singapore) ("Taw Cheng Kong (H.C.)"). Public Prosecutor v. Taw Cheng Kong [1998] SGCA 37, [1998] 2 S.L.R.(R.) 489, Court of Appeal (Singapore), archived from the original on 13 April 2009 ("Taw Cheng Kong (C.A.)"). . . Legislation Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev. Ed.,