greatly profited, as he had exchanged the first-class ticket for a third-class one and pocketed the difference. As a result of rumours of his great wealth, Zhang's tomb was repeatedly targeted and raided by grave robbers. It was also opened by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution, but the communists found only a single tablet. In modern China, Zhang is still mainly remembered as a "wicked warlord" representing the violent excesses of his era. Personal life Nicknames and titles In course of his career, Zhang gained a great number of nicknames, most of them derogatory: "Dogmeat General": The name was based on his preference for a Chinese brand of tonic known as "dogmeat", or from his addiction to the high stakes gambling game paijiu, popularly known as "eating dog meat." "Monster" "Lanky General" "Old Eighty-Six": The origin of this nickname is unclear. According to rumour it either referred to his height or to the length of his penis, which was said to measure up to a pile of 86 Mexican silver dollars when erect. Mexican silver dollars were a common currency in China at the time. "Three Don't Knows": Based on Zhang's alleged lack of knowledge about how much money he had, how many soldiers, and how many women in his harem. "72-Cannon Chang": This nickname might also have been connected to the alleged length of his penis. "Chang of Shantung" by the foreign press "Great General of Justice and Might": a title he awarded to himself. "The General with three long legs" by Shanghai's prostitutes in reference to his penis' length. Character and public image Zhang Zongchang was one of the most infamous and well-known Chinese warlords, and is difficult to differentiate truth from slander and legends in regards to his life. Being of impressive height and physically strong, he was often regarded as a brute and loathed by his victims. According to researchers Matthew R. Portwood and John P. Dunn, his opponents portrayed him as "a poster boy for evil and avarice". Historian Arthur Waldron stated that of all warlords of the time, Zhang is "perhaps the one most generally held in contempt". His opponents stated that his behaviour was "mindlessly brutal" during his military campaigns and that he had "the physique of an elephant, the brain of a pig and the temperament of a tiger". Writer Lin Yutang called Zhang "the most colorful, legendary, medieval, and unashamed