writes that while the Turkish authorities and colonists in Niokastro had surrendered to the advancing Greek army, reportedly, shouts of defiance were made that led to their massacre by the mob: "They spoke to the petty and small Hellenes as 'Romans'. It was as if they called them 'slaves'! The Hellenes not bearing to hear the word, for it reminded of their situation and the outcome of tyranny […]" The citizens of the newly independent state were called "Hellenes" making the connection with ancient Greece all the more clear. That in turn also fostered a fixation on antiquity and negligence for the other periods of history, especially the Byzantine Empire, for an age that bore different names and was a devisor to different and in many ways more important legacies. The classicist trend was soon balanced by the Greek Great Idea that sought to recover Constantinople and reestablish the Byzantine Empire for all Greeks. As the Prime Minister, Ioannis Kolettis, proclaimed in front of Parliament in 1844, "The Kingdom of Greece is not Greece; it is only part of it, a small and poor part of Greece […]. There are two great centers of Hellenism. Athens is the capital of the Kingdom. Constantinople is the great capital, the City, dream and hope of all Greeks." See also Greeks Gringo, a Spanish derivation of griego that came to mean "Anglophone North American" and related concepts Hellen Adjectival and demonymic forms of place names in Greco-Roman antiquity References Sources Bibliography In English John Romanides, "Romanity, Romania, Rum", Thessalonike, 1974Steven Runciman, "Byzantine and Hellene in the 14th century"In other languages Panagiotis Christou, "The Adventures of the National Names of the Greeks", Thessalonike, 1964Antonios Hatzis, "Elle, Hellas, Hellene", Athens, 1935–1936J. Juthner, "Hellenen und Barbaren", Leipzig, 1923Basso Mustakidou, "The words Hellene, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Turk", Tybigge, 1920Ioannis Kakrides, "Ancient Greeks and Greeks of 1821", Athens, 1956A. Rambeau, "L'empire Grecque au X' siecle"'' External links Clifton R. Fox, "What, if anything, is a Byzantine?" John S. Romanides, "Example of the science of the ethnic cleaning of Roman history." John S. Romanides, "Introduction to Romanity, Romania, Roumeli." John S. Romanides, "Kostis Palamas and Romiosini" History of Greece Greek culture Greeks