legacy of the Peshwas and caste-fellow Tilak. These Chitpavans felt out of place with the Indian social reform movement of Phule and the mass politics of Gandhi. Large numbers of the community looked to Savarkar, the Hindu Mahasabha and finally the RSS., drew their inspiration from fringe groups in this reactionary trend. Anti-Brahmin violence in the 20th century Shahu of Kolhapur During the early 20th century, Bal Gangadhar Tilak's and the Shankaracharya's decision to deny access to vedic rituals to the Maratha caste led to a fall out between Tilak and Shahu of Kolhapur. Shahu started a newspaper that supported the British and was also anti-Brahmin in its agenda. This propaganda led to great violence against Brahmins in Kolhapur. Mahatma Gandhi's assassination After Mahatma Gandhi's assassination by Nathuram Godse, a Chitpavan, Brahmins in Maharashtra, became targets of violence, mostly by members from the Maratha caste. The motivating factor for the violence was the love for Gandhi on the part of the rioters. The total monetary loss has been estimated to Rs.100 million (or about 20 million in 1948 US dollars). The violence after the assassination affected chitpavan Patwardhan family ruled princely states such as Sangli, where the Marathas were joined by the Jains and the Lingayats in the attacks against the Brahmins. Here, specifically, the loss was about Rs.16 million. This event led to the hasty integration of the Patwardhan states into the Bombay Province by March 1948 - a move that was opposed by other Brahmins as they feared the Maratha predominance in the integrated province. Military The Chitpavans have considered themselves to be both warriors and priests. Their involvement in military affairs began with the rise of the Peshwas and their willingness to enter military and other services earned them high status and power in the Deccan. Culture In their original home of Konkan, their primary occupation was farming, while some earned money by performing rituals among their own caste members. Anthropologist Donald Kurtz writes that the late 20th century opinions about the culture of the Chitpavans was that they were frugal to the point of appearing cheap, impassive, not trustworthy and also conspiratorial. According to Tilak, a Chitpavan himself, his community was known for cleanliness and being industrious but he suggested they should learn virtues such as benevolence and generosity from the Deshasthas. During the heyday of the Maratha Empire, the city of Pune became the financial