to treat upper respiratory tract infections, as an expectorant and otherwise for cough. Archaeological evidence shows Anadenanthera colubrina beans have been used as hallucinogens for thousands of years. The oldest clear evidence of use comes from pipes made of puma bone (Felis concolor) found with A. colubrina beans at Inca Cueva, a site in the Humahuaca gorge at the edge of the Puna of Jujuy Province, Argentina. The pipes were found to contain the hallucinogen DMT, one of the compounds found in Anadenanthera beans. Radiocarbon testing of the material gave a date of 2130 BC, suggesting that Anadenanthera use as a hallucinogen is over 4,000 years old. Snuff trays and tubes were found in the central Peruvian coast dating back to 1200 BC. Archaeological evidence of insufflation use within the period 500-1000 AD, in northern Chile, has been reported. Wood In northeastern Brazil, the tree is primarily used as timber and for making wooden implements. "It is used in construction and for making door and window frames, barrels, mooring masts, hedges, platforms, floors, agricultural implements and railway sleepers." The wood is also reportedly a preferred source of cooking fuel, since it makes a hot and long-lasting fire. It is widely used there in the making of fences, since termites seem not to like it. At one time, it was used in the construction of houses, but people are finding it more difficult to find suitable trees for that purpose. Chemical compounds Chemical compounds contained in A. colubrina include: 2,9-dimethyltryptoline – plant 2-methyltryptoline – plant 5-MeO-DMT – bark 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine – bark Bufotenin – plant beans Bufotenin-oxide – fruit, beans Catechol – plant Leucoanthocyanin – plant Leucopelargonidol – plant DMT – fruit, beans, pods, bark DMT-oxide – fruit Methyltryptamine – bark Orientin – leaf Saponarentin – leaf Viterine – leaf The bark and leaves contain tannin and the beans contain saponin. Botanical varieties Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.Conc.)Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.)Altschul Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.Conc.)Brenan var. colubrina See also Hamilton's Pharmacopeia References References Further reading External links Anadenanthera colubrina Specimens Click View Med (www.fieldmusem.org) Anadenanthera colubrina Photo Anadenanthera colubrina colubrina Entheogens Trees of Brazil Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Medicinal plants of South America Trees of Bolivia Trees of Argentina Plants described in 1831