India. In addition, there are Radha Soami-influenced, derived from the Radha Soami often westernized groups but denies their connection, namely the Eckankar led by Paul Twitchell (a former disciple of Kirpal Singh), the similar American syncretistic Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness of John-Roger Hinkins, the linked to the Beas Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission), established by Hans Maharaj, and "Quan Yin method" of Ching Hai (a female student of Thakar Singh). List of notable gurus General founder Shiv Dayal Singh Radha Soami subtraditions Radha Soami Satsang Beas lineage Jaimal Singh Sawan Singh Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh Maharaj Charan Singh Gurinder Singh Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh lineage Salig Ram Anand Swarup Gurcharan Das Mehta Makund Behari Lal Prem Saran Satsangi Ruhani Satsang lineage Kirpal Singh Thakar Singh Manavta Mandir Baba Faqir Chand Bhagat Munshi Ram Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma Others Maharishi Shiv Brat Lal Radha Soami-related groups Dera Sacha Sauda Mastana Baluchistani Shah Satnam Singh Paul Twitchell Elan Vital Hans Maharaj Prem Rawat Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness John-Roger Hinkins Science of Spirituality Darshan Singh Rajinder Singh Others Ching Hai Beliefs and practices To the Radhasoamis, six elements form the framework of their sect: a living guru (someone as locus of trust and truth), bhajan (remembering Sat Nam, other practices believed to be transformative), satsang (fellowship, community), seva (serve others without expecting anything in return), kendra (community organization, shrine), and bhandara (large community gathering). The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life. They do not install the Guru Granth Sahib or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic. Instead, the guru sits in the sanctum with the satsang (group of Sikh faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together. They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have also attracted Dalits to their tradition. They are active outside India too. The Radha Soami are strict vegetarians. They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do not believe in orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, nor do they serve karah prasad (offering) at the end of prayers. Their basic practices include Surat Shabd Yoga (meditation on inner light and sound), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru,