of the illustrious Rabbi Samuel Barzani, studied Kabbalah. Raphael I Bidawid, patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church, 1989–2003, Syriac scholar. Louis Cheikhô (1859 – 1927), ethnic Assyrian Orientalist and Theologian, considered as a major contributor and pioneer of the rediscovery of the Eastern Rite Christian heritage. Paul II Cheikho, patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1958–1989, born on November 19, 1906, in Alqosh Emmanuel III Delly, Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans and Primate of the Chaldean Catholic Church. Mar Dinkha IV, current Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East. Ganzibra Dakheel Edan (1881–1964), patriarch and international head of the Mandaeans from 1917, until his death in 1964 Mordechai Eliyahu, former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel Yosef Hayyim (1 September 1835 – 30 August 1909), leading hakham, authority on Jewish law (Halakha) and Master Kabbalist. He is best known as author of the work on Halakha Ben Ish Ḥai. Rav Yosef Chaim was born in Baghdad where his father, Hakham Eliyahu Chaim, was the active leader of the Jewish community. Rishama Sattar Jabbar Hilo, current patriarch and head of the Mandaeans in Iraq. Abraham Hillel, Chief Rabbi of Baghdad Jules Mikhael Al-Jamil, Archbishop Jules Mikhael Al-Jamil was born in Bakhdida on November 18, 1938 – dies in Rome, Italy on December 3, 2012). He was the Syriac Catholic titular archbishop of Tagritum and the auxiliary bishop. Yitzchak Kaduri, renowned Mizrahi Orthodox Haredi rabbi and kabbalist Anastas Al-Karmali, Anastas the Carmelite (5 Aug 1866 – 1947 Jan 7), Christian priest, most famed for his contributions to the field of Arabic linguistics. Mani, prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion. Yitzhak Nissim (1896–1981), former Sephardic Chief rabbi of Israel Rabban Bar Sauma (c. 1220–1294) also known as Rabban Ṣawma or Rabban Çauma,(Chinese: 拉賓掃務瑪), "Nestorian" monk turned diplomat of the Church of the East faith. Shah Mustafa, renowned preacher associated with the spread of Islam in Bangladesh Yahballaha III (1245–November 13, 1317), known in earlier years as Rabban Marcos or Markos, was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1281 to 1317. Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939-2003), Islamic scholar and politician. Muqtada al-Sadr Fadhil al-Milani - (born 1944), religious leader and scholar Ali al-Sistani (born 1930), Twelver Shia Grand Ayatollah and marja'. Described as the spiritual leader of Shia Muslims worldwide, and one of the most senior scholars in Shia Islam. Ali Hassani Baghdadi (born 1955), twelver Shi'a Marja.