example, are women in men's bodies or vice versa, but transvestites and butch lesbians are not. This gave rise to eight possible permutations. This deep-seated and ineradicable phenomenon, she argued, was the true engine of evolutionary change. It was also the key to the proper understanding of culture—including science, politics and religion. Upon such reasoning, backed up by a polymathic accumulation of supporting evidence and a forceful lecturing style, she elaborated what she called the science of Human Ethology. Eminent scientists who sought to engage with the apparent challenges of Bach's theory included the biologist Brian Goodwin and W. Grey Walter, a pioneer of cybernetics and former head of the Burden Neurological Institute in Bristol. Bach attracted the interest in particular of the English writer Colin Wilson, as well as of a number of eminent British scientists and academics. Wilson began to write about her theory. Bach became a cult figure. A small group of followers who would gather at her home at Holly Lodge in Highgate, while weekly lectures would take place elsewhere. An Institute of Human Ethology was set up to promote her ideas and stimulate further research. Her literary executors included the then professor of educational technology at Britain's Open University. She was invited to speak at Sussex University and at Darwin College, Cambridge, named in honour of the man most of whose ideas she wished to consign to the dustbin. In due course, leading members of London's then burgeoning Gay Liberation movement took up human ethology and started publishing pamphlets of their own, much attracted by the tantalising notion of homosexuals as the vanguard of evolutionary change. Bach continued to elaborate upon her original thesis up to the time of her death in 1981. Footnotes References External links Biographical sketch of Charlotte Bach by Francis Wheen, The Guardian, 28 September 2002 Charlotte Bach.org: website of documentary An alternative, more comprehensive account of Charlotte Bach's life and work, with further web links The most approachable, popular account of Bach's theories A Gender Variance Who's Who British dominatrices Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom Impostors Transgender women 1920 births 1981 deaths Hungarian transgender people Non-Darwinian evolution People who fabricated academic degrees 20th-century Hungarian LGBT people