areas in the south, particularly in rural Huelva, Seville, Cadiz, and part of the Canaries used to retain the distinction, but has spread throughout the country, and the distinction is now lost in most of Spain, particularly outside areas in linguistic contact with Catalan and Basque. In monolingual, urban northern Spain, a distinction between and only exists among the oldest age groups in the upper classes. Although northern, rural areas of Spain are typically associated with lack of , and is typically thought of as a southern phenomenon, there are several isolated, rural, Asturleonese-speaking areas where is found even among elderly speakers. These include the valley of Nansa, Tudanca, and Cabuérniga, all in Cantabria. This is evidence that the existence of in the southern half of the Peninsula and beyond may be due to the arrival of Astur-leonese settlers, who already had , and subsequent dialect levelling in newly reconquered southern communities. Minimal pairs produces homophony in a number of cases. For example, the following word pairs sound the same when pronounced by speakers of dialects with yeísmo, but they are minimal pairs in regions with the distinction: ("beech tree" / "that there be") ~ ("he/she/it finds") ("he/she/it fell") ~ ("he/she/it became silent") ("pit, hole") ~ ("pot") ("berry") / ("that he/she/it go") ~ ("fence") The relatively low frequency of both and makes confusion unlikely. However, orthographic mistakes are common (for example, writing instead of ). A notable case is the name of the island of : since Mallorcans tend to pronounce intervocalic /ʎ/ as /ʝ/, central Catalan scribes assumed the authentic (and correct) name was another case of this and hypercorrected it to . This new form ended up becoming the usual pronunciation, even for native Mallorcans. Similar phenomena in other languages Romance languages Standard Portuguese distinguishes , and . Many Brazilian Portuguese speakers merge and , making and both . Some speakers, mainly of the Caipira dialect of Brazil, merge and , making and both . Some Caipira speakers distinguish etymological and , pronouncing olho and óleo . In standard French, historical turned into , but the spelling was preserved, hence (, originally ), (, originally ). Romanesco and many Northern and Central dialects of Italy have or corresponding to standard Italian . Other In Hungarian, in most dialects turned into , but the spelling was preserved, hence . In Swedish, turned into in word-initial positions, but the spelling