processes. Phenomenological research is now standard in most doctoral trainings in counselling psychology, providing a rich array of existential findings and demonstrating the importance of qualitative understanding alongside quantitative understanding of human existence. Clinical trials on meaning based therapies have shown them to be helpful in enabling clients to live meaningful lives despite their setbacks, limitations and difficulties. See also Carl R. Rogers Ludwig Binswanger Medard Boss Gestalt therapy Existential crisis Existentialism Viktor Frankl Paul T. P. Wong Martin Heidegger Thomas Hora Søren Kierkegaard R. D. Laing Rollo May Clark Moustakas Karlfried Graf Dürckheim Friedrich Nietzsche Otto Rank Jean-Paul Sartre Irvin D. Yalom Karl Jaspers Martin Buber Contextual therapy Emmy van Deurzen William Glasser Metapsychiatry Philosophical consultancy Jan Hendrik van den Berg Martti Olavi Siirala Kirk J. Schneider Elvin Semrad References Further reading Kierkegaard, Søren; The Concept of Dread and The Sickness Unto Death, Princeton University Press Längle, Alfried (1990); Existential Analysis Psychotherapy, The Internat. Forum Logotherapy, Berkeley, 13, 1, 17–19. Längle, Alfried (2003a); Special edition on Existential Analysis, European Psychotherapy 4, 1 Längle, Alfried (2003b); The Search for Meaning in Life and the Fundamental Existential Motivations, Psychotherapy in Australia, 10, 1, 22-27 Längle Silvia, Wurm CSE (2015); Living Your Own Life: Existential Analysis in Action, London: Karnac ibid (1997) Everyday Mysteries: Existential Dimensions of Psychotherapy, London: Routledge. (2nd edition 2006) Deurzen, E. van and Arnold-Baker, C., eds. (2005) Existential Perspectives on Human Issues: a Handbook for Practice, London: Palgrave, Macmillan. Deurzen, E. van & M. Adams (2016). Skills in Existential Counselling and Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition (2016). London: Sage. Deurzen, E. van & Craig, E. & Längle A. & Schneider, K.J. & Tantam, D. & du Plock, S. eds. (2019) The Wiley World Handbook of Existential Therapy, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Willburg, Peter, "The Therapist as Listener: Martin Heidegger and the Missing Dimension of Counseling and Psychotherapy Training" Wilkes, R and Milton, M, (2006) Being an Existential Therapist: An IPA study of existential therapists' experiences, Existential Analysis. Jan 2006 Milton, M., Charles, L., Judd, D., O'Brien, Tipney, A. and Turner, A . (2003) The Existential-Phenomenological Paradigm: The Importance for Integration, Existential Analysis Judd, D. and Milton, M. (2001) Psychotherapy with Lesbian and Gay Clients: Existential-Phenomenological Contributions to Training, Lesbian and Gay Psychology Review, 2(1): 16-23 Corrie, S. and Milton, M . (2000) "The Relationship Between Existential-Phenomenological and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies", European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counseling and Health. Milton, M (2000) "Is Existential