which is more universally comprehensible than language, and about theremin, which is an electronic noncontact musical instrument." Three theremin performers from the Moscow Theremin Center – Lydia Kavina, Yana Aksenova, and Anton Kerchenko – were invited to perform seven songs selected by students. The program included two Russian folk songs and works by Beethoven, Vivaldi, Saint-Saëns, Rakhmaninov, and Gershwin. Kavina submitted recordings of her performance, but Aksenova and Kerchenko performed live – the radar dish had been specially modified to accept input from theremins. Each performance lasted about fifteen minutes. The First Theremin Concert for Extraterrestrials was the world's first musical Active SETI broadcast, and was sent seven years before NASA's Across the Universe message. Sonograms (frequency variations) of 40-second pieces of three musical compositions from The First Theremin Concert: (from left to right) the last movement of the 9th Symphony by Beethoven, “The Swan” by Saint-Saens, and “Summertime” by Gershwin. Single-side band (SSB) modulation was used for up-conversion of the Theremin's analog audio signals to carrier frequency 5010 MHz (6 cm wavelength) for sending toward the target stars. Targets The target stars were: See also Across the Universe (message) Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence List of interstellar radio messages Search for extraterrestrial intelligence The Morse Message (1962) References Further reading External links Self-Decoding Messages A Teen-Age Message to the Stars Sending and Searching for Interstellar Messages Listen to six Theremin melodies as recorded for the Theremin concert Interstellar messages Search for extraterrestrial intelligence Time capsules Technology in society 2001 in Ukraine 2001 in science