Quadrille is the name of two loosely related card games of the Patience or solitaire type which are often confused. Both use a pack of 52 playing cards. The earlier one was also known as La Française ("the Frenchwoman") or Royal Quadrille, the slightly later one as Captive Queens. The name is derived from the desired outcome of the earlier game in which the four Kings and Queens are arranged in a square formation as in the European dance of quadrille that was fashionable in the 18th and 19th centuries. History In 1890, Mary Whitmore Jones published rules for a game called Quadrille Patience in which cards were built in broken ascending sequence on Aces and Deuces, laid out in a square, finishing with the Kings and Queens side-by-side in pairs. She notes that the game is also called La Française Patience and was known to have been played in France before 1790. In 1908, Hapgood calls the same game as The Royal Quadrille and affirms that it was played in France during the days of the First Empire. Meanwhile, in 1892, Professor Hoffmann described a different game called Quadrille in which the cards were built up in ascending sequence on Sixes and descending sequence on Fives, all laid out in a star shape. The Queens were removed from the pack at the outset and placed decoratively within the star. This version subsequently acquired the name Captive Queens. In this game the name describes the way the Queens are enclosed within the star formed by the foundations. Alluding to the name, Quadrille, but describing the rules for the later game, Parlett calls it as "a pleasant little pictorial which may be said to represent the dance of the cardboard court." The wagon-wheel tableau looks like a quadrille dance from 18th-19th century Europe. Rules Both games are called Quadrille; alternative titles have been used to distinguish them. Royal Quadrille or La Française Also called One pack is used, which is shuffled well and then dealt one-by-one to a rubbish heap. As Aces and Deuces appear, they are played to eight foundations arranged in the form of a quadrille (see illustration), with Hearts at the top, Diamonds at the bottom, Spades to the left and Clubs to the right. In each pair the Deuce is on the right. The foundations are built up in suit sequence by alternating numbers: the odd numbers