where the pronunciation of /ʎ/ as survives among the majority population of colonial-descended mestizos, the sibilant has not merged as in Argentina and Uruguay, and so a distinction is also maintained but with representing (rather than the original Spanish sound) and representing . The shift from /ʎ/ to in this region of Ecuador is theorized to have occurred long before the 20th century, and affected both Ecuadorian Spanish and Quichua, which through the early 17th century maintained distinctions between , /ʎ/, . This three-way distinction is still present in the Kichwa of more southerly regions, such as the Azuay province, which uses the graphemes <zh>, <ll>, and <y> to distinguish between these phonemes. In the orthography of several Ecuadorian dialects of Quichua, under the influence of the orthography of Ecuadorian Andean Spanish, the grapheme is also used to represent the sound. Parts of Colombia, like the Andean regions of Ecuador, maintain a distinction between representing and representing . This type of distinction is found in southern Antioquia Department and the southeast end of Norte de Santander Department. A greater portion of Andean Colombia maintains the distinction between and . Overall, Colombia presents great variety with regards to . The same shift from to to (to modern ) historically occurred in the development of Old Spanish; this accounts for such pairings as Spanish vs Portuguese , vs , vs and so on. Extension of The distinction between and remains in the Philippines, Andean Ecuador and Peru, Paraguay, both highland and lowland Bolivia, and the northeastern portions of Argentina that border with Paraguay. The retention of a distinction between and is more common in areas where Spanish coexists with other languages, either with Amerindian languages, such as Aymara, Quechua, and Guaraní, which, with the exception of Guaraní, themselves possess the phoneme , or in Spain itself in areas with linguistic contact with Catalan and Basque. By 1989, several traditionally non- areas, such as Bogotá and much of Spain and the Canaries, had begun rapidly adopting , in the timespan of little more than a single generation. In areas where is variable, is lost more often in rapid and casual speech. There is also idiolectal correlation between and speech rate, with fast-speaking individuals being more likely to be . has begun appearing in the speech of Ecuador's middle and upper classes. In Spain, most of the northern half of the country and several