central topic in the Sapiential Books , i.e., Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Book of Wisdom, Wisdom of Sirach, and to some extent Baruch. Not all the Psalms are usually regarded as belonging to the Wisdom tradition. Others such as Epistle of Aristeas, Pseudo-Phocylides and 4 Maccabees are also considered sapiential. The later Sayings of the Fathers, or Pirkei Avot in the Talmud follows in the tradition of wisdom literature, focusing more on Torah study as a means for achieving a reward, rather than studying wisdom for its own sake. Other traditions Works and Days by Hesiod (c. 750–650 BC) and Hávamál from Old Norse texts (c. 1200) have both been analyzed in terms of the oral transmission of wisdom literature to other cultures. Subhashita , a genre of Sanskrit literature is another predominant form of wisdom poetry. Several thousands verses covering wide range of ethics and righteousness have been written and compiled in anthologies called Subhashitani by various authors through ancient and mediaeval period in India. See also Apophthegmata Patrum Conduct book Dialogue of Pessimism Ludlul bēl nēmeqi Eastern philosophy Nasîhat Musar literature Proverb Sage writing Sebayt Self-help Teaching stories The Triads of Ireland, and the Welsh Triads Sophia (wisdom) Sophia (Gnosticism) Wisdom (personification) Notes References Bibliography External links Biblical studies Bible content Christian terminology