Payments are favored by IL activists over services in kind in terms of the outcomes for users' quality of life and cost-efficiency. Over the years, the IL Movement has spread from North America to all continents, adapting itself to and getting enriched by different cultures and economic conditions in the process. A considerable body of research, training materials and examples of good practice exists on such themes as transition from institutional to community living, transition from school to employment or self-employment, community organizing and advocacy, disability culture, girls and women with disabilities as well as disability and development. Supporting the movement and utilizing its work has become an important ingredient of many countries' social policy. History in Canada Canada's history of independence, home living, and the independent living movement can be traced back to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. The industrial revolution precipitated rapid changes in the structure of society and the paid and unpaid labour economies. The distribution of labour changed when farm workers and their families, replaced by technology on farms, migrated from small rural communities to large urban centres in search of gainful employment in industry. The redistribution of paid agricultural labour to industry created a shortage of unpaid domestic care for disabled and dependent persons whose caregivers also became occupied with paid industrial labour. The taken-for-granted economy of care (previously unpaid and supported by families and small rural communities) was disrupted, and industrialised communities suffered ballooning levels of homelessness and poverty as a consequence of an industrialised social structure. Urban communities pushed governments for an ethical solution to the problem of uncared for disabled and dependent persons. Provincial governments responded by building and funding medical institutions, however, institutional care was deeply flawed. Institutionalised care created a paternalistic and segregated system that medicalised the identities of disabled and dependent persons and actively participated in the abuse of their human rights. In the late 20th century, a social movement called the independent living movement fought to re-identify disabled and dependent persons as people with beliefs, values, dreams, and identities that extended beyond their medical diagnoses. The overarching goal of the movement was to gain choice and control for dependent and disabled persons in the delivery of health and social care through state-supported community re-integration and care. The independent living movement found significant support for deinstitutionalisation through another ideological movement known as neoliberalism. Neoliberal thinkers oppose state