Drawing on the expertise and work of about 5,500 voluntary professionals, the DKE represents Germany in the European and international bodies responsible for standardization. The Forum Network Technology / Network Operation in the VDE (FNN) develops and disseminates VDE technical rules (VDE-Anwendungsregeln – “code of practice”) for the operation and safety of transmission and distribution networks as part of the VDE Specifications Code of Safety Standards. Moreover, the FNN gives guidance on the optimum use of resources to maximize safety, supply reliability, environmental friendliness and to achieve profitability. Members are companies, organizations, scientific institutions and public authorities. Product testing and certification The VDE mark (from the original name, Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker) is meant to indicate safety and quality in electrical, information and medical technologies. The VDE Testing and Certification Institute in Offenbach, Germany, tests roughly 100,000 products from over 10,000 customers worldwide. The spectrum of product tests covers safety, EMV, energy efficiency and other product features, as well as certification and assembly inspections. The VDE Global Services GmbH provides local handling of all testing and certification procedures to its customers in Asia. Publishing company VDE Verlag GmbH, the association’s publisher with operations in Berlin and Offenbach, provides a full spectrum of literature on electrical engineering, electronics and information technology. Technology Consulting The VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH, headquartered in Berlin, is commissioned by German federal and state ministries to develop programs for promoting technical policies. Promotion of young talent The VDE YoungNet supports and networks 14,000 students and young professionals across Germany. Every year, the VDE awards scholarships and attractive prizes to talented students, university graduates and young scientists. References External links Official Website of the VDE Official Website of the VDE VERLAG GmbH Certification marks Electrical safety standards organizations Offenbach am Main 1893 establishments in Germany Organizations established in 1893 Organisations based in Frankfurt Product-testing organizations Professional associations based in Germany Standards organisations in Germany Trade associations based in Germany