The tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) is a small species of deer characterized by a prominent tuft of black hair on its forehead and fang-like canines for the males. It is a close relative of the muntjac, living somewhat further north over a wide area of central China and northeastern Myanmar. Suffering from overhunting and habitat loss, this deer is considered near-threatened. It is the only member of the genus Elaphodus. Subspecies Four subspecies of the tufted deer are recognized, with one having doubtful taxonomic status: E. c. cephalophus – the largest subspecies, brownish coat, found in southwestern China and northeastern Myanmar. E. c. michianus – has a relatively narrow snout, found in southeastern China. E. c. ichangensis – has a relatively broad snout, with a grey-brown coat, found in Central China. E. c. forciensus – doubtful subspecies, distribution unclear. Description The tufted deer is similar to a muntjac in appearance, but the longer necks and legs give it a slightly leaner appearance. The coat is coarse with short and stiff hairs, being almost black in the winter and chocolate brown in the summer. The lips, tip of the ears, and the underside of the tails are white. A tuft of horseshoe-shaped hair is present on the forehead and upper neck, being brown to black, and can be up to long. Perhaps the most striking feature of this deer is the fang-like canines in the males of the species. These can grow up to long, or longer in rare cases. The tufted deer is a small deer, but still larger than most muntjac species. It stands at at the shoulder, and the weight varies from . The tail is short at around . The antler is only present in males and is extremely short, almost hidden by its long tuft of hair. Habitat and distribution The tufted deer is found mainly in China, where it occurs in the south from eastern coast to eastern Tibet. It is absent from the extreme south of the country. There are old records of this species in northeastern Myanmar, but recent surveys failed to find any, possibly due to the lack of surveys on the preferred habitat. The tufted deer inhabits high, damp forests at above sea level, close to the tree line. It is found in both evergreen and deciduous forests with extensive understory and nearby freshwater supply. The availability of salt licks is