town of a sanjak in the vilayet (province) of Kastamonu and had a population of 10,000 inhabitants. Bolu was an Ottoman eyalet (state) until the Charter of States (Vilayetler Nizannamesi) of 1864, and was within the area stretching from Beykoz kazasi of İzmid sanjak to Boyabat kazasi of Sinop sanjak. In the late 19th and early 20th century, following the 1864 Vilayetler Nizannamesi, Bolu was part of the Kastamonu Vilayet of the Empire. Ecclesiastical history (Arch)Bishopric As secular capital of the Roman province of Honorias, in the civil Diocese of Pontus, the bishopric of Claudiopolis became the metropolitan see, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, with five suffragan sees : Heraclea Pontica, Prusias ad Hypium, Tium, Cratia and Hadrianopolis in Honoriade. It appears as such in the Notitiae Episcopatuum of Pseudo-Epiphanius of about 640 and in that of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise of the early 10th century, ranking sixteenth viz. seventeenth among the Patriarchate's Metropolitans. The city, known as Hadrianopolis (like many others) under Byzantine rule fell to Turkmens migrating west in the 11th century who called it Boli, was recaptured by Byzantines in 1097, besieged unsuccessfully by the Sultanate of Rum in 1177 and reconquered in 1197. Under Ottoman rule since the 14th century it lost to Heraclea Pontica the Metropolitan dignity. It ceased to exist as a residential bishopric in the 15th century. Michel Lequien mentions twenty bishops of the see to the 13th century; documentary mentions are available for the following incumbent (Arch)bishops : the first is St. Autonomus, said to be an Italian missionary who suffered martyrdom under Diocletian. Callicrates (mentioned in 363 in Socrates Scolasticus' church history) Gerontius (first actual historically documented bishop, in 394 attending the council against Metropolitan Bagadius of Bosra. Olympius (in 431) Calogerus (449 - 458) Carterius (menzionato nel 459) Hypatus (circa 518) [dismissed by Janin] Epictetus (in 536) Vincentius (in 553) [dismissed by Janin] Ciprianus I (in 680) only Janin also includes a bishop Sisinnius, attending the council in Trullo (692), but apparently assigns the same to namesake see Claudiopolis in Isauria Nicetas I (in 787) Ignatius, a friend and correspondent of Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople Ciprianus II (869 – 879) Nicetas II (10th–11th centuries) John (1028 - 1029). Titular see The archdiocese was nominally restored by the Roman Catholic Church as a Latin Metropolitan titular archbishopric no later than the seventeenth century, first named