Heidegger prescient concerning Technoscience?", Ihde re-examines Martin Heidegger's philosophy of science with a reappraisal of what was innovative, and what remained archaic. Heidegger then is read against the background of the "new" approaches to science in science studies, and against the background of the scientific revolutions which have occurred since the mid-20th century. Material and expanding hermeneutics Ihde has introduced the concept of material hermeneutics, which characterises much practice within the domains of technoscience. He rejects the vestigial Diltheyan division between the humanistic and natural sciences and argues that certain types of critical interpretation, broadly hermeneutic, characterize both sets of disciplines. He examines what he calls a style of interpretation based in material practices relating to imaging technologies which have given rise to the visual hermeneutics in technoscience studies. With references to science studies, sociology of science and feminist critique of science, Ihde has presented the idea of expanding hermeneutics, which emphasises praxis, instruments and laboratories over theoretical work. He claims that in science, the instruments and technologies used operate in a hermeneutic way. Philosophers in "R&D" Ihde has argued on numerous occasions that "if the philosopher is to play a more important role it must not be only in or limited to the Hemingway role. Rather, it should take place in the equivalent of the officers' strategy meeting, before the battle takes shape. I will call this the 'R&D role'". Philosophers should engage themselves on interdisciplinary research teams and actively participate in research and development work. He has claimed that only by having philosophers in the R&D labs they can have truly new and emerging technologies that are philosophically engaged. Philosophers, precisely postphenomenologists, could help the scientific community to think about the future, rather than only about present-day phenomena or the past. Selected works Books Sense and Significance (1973) Listening and Voice: A phenomenology of sound (1976) Experimental Phenomenology: An Introduction (1977) Technics and Praxis: A Philosophy of Technology (1979) Hermeneutic Phenomenology: The Philosopher of Paul Ricoeur (1980) Existential Technics (1983) Consequences of Phenomenology (1986) Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth (1990) Instrumental Realism (1991) Postphenomenology: essays in the postmodern context (1993) Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction (1998) Expanding Hermeneutics: Visualism in Science (1999) Bodies in Technology (2001) Chasing Technoscience (2003) Listening and Voice: Phenomenologies of Sound (2nd expanded edition, 2007) Ironic Technics (2008) Postphenomenology and Technoscience (Chinese 2008, English 2009; also in Spanish, Hebrew and forthcoming