the transcendental-pragmatic conditions of communication. After taking his point of departure from Apel, Habermas has moved towards a "weak transcendentalism" that is more closely tied to empirical social inquiry. Apel also wrote works on Charles Sanders Peirce and is a past president of the C. S. Peirce Society. An early German-speaking adversary of so-called critical rationalism, Apel published a critique of the philosophy of Karl Popper: In Transformation der Philosophie (1973), Apel charged Popper with being guilty of, amongst other things, a pragmatic contradiction. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Apel influenced other philosophers writing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. Apel died on 15 May 2017 at the age of 95. List of works Analytic Philosophy of Language and the Geisteswissenschaften (1967) Hermeneutik und Ideologiekritik (1971) Sprache, Brücke und Hindernis (1972) Dialog als Methode (1972) Transformation der philosophie: Sprachanalytik, Semiotik, Hermeneutik (1973) Transformation der philosophie: Das Apriori der Kommunikationsgemeinschaft (1976) Sprachpragmatik und philosophie (1976) Neue Versuche über Erklären und Verstehen (1978) Die Erklären/Verstehen-Kontroverse in Transzendentalpragmatischer Sicht (1979) Towards a Transformation of Philosophy (1980 & 1998) Charles S. Peirce: From Pragmatism to Pragmaticism (1981) Understanding and Explanation: A Transcendental-Pragmatic Perspective (1984) La comunicazione umana (1985) Diskurs und Verantwortung: Das Problem des Übergangs zur Postkonventionellen Moral (1988) Towards a Transcendental Semiotics: Selected Essays (1994) Ethics and the Theory of Rationality: Selected Essays (1996) Filosofia analitica e filosofia continentale (1997) From a Transcendental-Semiotic Point of View (1998) Mercier Lectures: "The Response of Discourse Ethics to the Moral Challenge of the Human Situation As Such, Especially Today" (2001) Fünf Vorlesungen über Transzendentale Semiotik als Erste Philosophie und Diskursethik (2002) Diskursethik und Diskursanthropologie (2002) Paradigmen der Ersten Philosophie: Zur reflexiven – transzendentalpragmatischen – Rekonstruktion der Philosophiegeschichte (2011) Transzendentale Reflexion und Geschichte (2017) References Further reading External links personal website 1922 births 2017 deaths 20th-century essayists 20th-century German male writers 20th-century German philosophers 21st-century essayists 21st-century German male writers 21st-century German philosophers Communication theorists Continental philosophers Critical theorists German essayists German ethicists German logicians German male non-fiction writers German military personnel of World War II German semioticians German sociologists Hermeneutists Academic staff of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Lecturers Literacy and society theorists Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts People from the Rhine Province Philosophers of culture Philosophers of language Philosophers of logic Philosophers of social science Philosophy academics Philosophy writers Pragmatists Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the