world famous white, female cinema icons. Through his continual engagement with the Art History canon, postcolonialism and the feminization of Asia are recurring themes that have persisted. The association of Japan and Asia as a feminized space was a 19th Century Euro-American perception that utilized gendered binaries to explain the differences between Western and Eastern cultures: Western civilization demonstrated masculine dominance for its massive military industrial complex and imperialist ambitions, whereas Asia was deemed powerless, poor, and weak, but viewed positively as exotic for its indigenous art, decoration, and fashion. Completed thirty years apart, Morimura's two versions of Edouard Manet's Olympia (1863) both examine the legacies of postcolonialism and the historic view of Asia-as-female. Portrait (Futago) (1988) degrades the Western male gaze through the portrayal of the white reclining Olympia and her black maidservant with that of a male Japanese figure in their positions. Une Moderne Olympia (2018) further pushes the boundaries on Morimura's first redesign of the Manet painting in which he now transforms Olympia into a Japanese woman with the accoutrements of a geisha, a historic Western stereotype and mythologizing signifier of Japanese womanhood. The black maidservant is replaced with a European man donning an elegant black top hat and matching gloves as he presents the geisha with a bouquet of flowers. The encroaching male behind the geisha interrogates the violent implications of the male gaze as both a literal objectification of women and a figurative raping of Japanese culture. Exhibitions Select solo exhibitions 1983: Yasumasa Morimura – Galerie Marronier, Kyoto, Japan 1989: Criticism and the Lover – Mohly Gallery, Osaka, Japan 1992: Options 44 – Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Illinois and The Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 1994: Psychoborg: Madonna, Michael, Morimura – The Ginza Art Space, Tokyo, Japan 1994: Rembrandt Room – Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Hara, Japan 1995: Yasumasa Morimura: Leg – Soh Gallery, Tokyo, Japan 1996: Actress and Art History – Center of Contemporary Photography, Melbourne, Australia 1996: Yasumasa Morimura: From Van Gogh to Marilyn – Satani Gallery, Tokyo, Japan and Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York, New York, USA 1997: Yasumasa Morimura – White Cube, London, United Kingdom 1998: Morimura – Studio Guenzani, Milan, Italy 1998: Yasumasa Morimura: Self Portrait as Art History – Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo, Japan 1999: Yasumasa Morimura: Daughter of Art History – Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York, New York, USA 2000: Art History: Yasumasa