or cuttings and tolerate slight frost. Species The following species are recognised. Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan - widespread in E + S Africa from Kenya to Cape Province Carissa boiviniana (Baill.) Leeuwenb. - Madagascar Carissa carandas L. - India, Bangladesh; naturalized in S China, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Indochina, Java, Philippines, West Indies Carissa haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. - Namibia, Cape Province of South Africa Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. - Kenya + Zaire south to Cape Province; naturalized in S China, Ascension Island, Hawaii, Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America, West Indies Carissa pichoniana Leeuwenb. - Madagascar Carissa spinarum L. - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf - E + S Africa from Kenya to KwaZulu-Natal Formerly included Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Codd (as C. oblongifolia Hochst.) Acokanthera schimperi (A.DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schweinf. (as C. schimperi A.DC.) References Apocynaceae genera Fruits originating in Africa Plants used in bonsai