to operate at the interlocutory stage of a dispute. The existence of a jurisdiction clause in an agreement will normally operate to enable a court to take jurisdiction in a particular matter, or may provide strong grounds for another court (not the chosen court) to decline jurisdiction. Such clauses are sometimes enforced against proceedings in foreign courts by use of an anti-suit injunction. Although it is theoretically possible to sue for damages for bringing proceedings in breach of a jurisdiction clause, examples are rare. Related clauses In a complex agreement the forum selection clause will often be accompanied by a number of related clauses (either in the same contract or in a collateral document). These may include: appointment of an agent to receive service of process in the relevant jurisdiction - this facilitates initiating process and avoids the need to make an application to court for leave to serve a defendant out of the jurisdiction (service ex juris) waiver of any objection to the chosen forum - for example, parties may add a clause where each party waives their right to assert forum non conveniens. This precludes or limits the ability of litigants to apply for proceedings to be stayed or dismissed on the grounds that they have been brought in an inappropriate forum. contractual submission to the relevant jurisdiction - this assists in any application to enforce a subsequent judgment in another state waiver of a right to trial by jury in the relevant forum - especially if the chosen forum is in the United States an arbitration clause requiring the parties to resolve their disputes through arbitration in the appropriate forum waiver of other procedural provisions which might apply to foreign litigants, such as the right the request they post security for costs waiver of any applicable sovereign immunity which a party might have the benefit of Clauses in void contracts Despite the general rule that if a contract is void each of the individual clauses in the contract are void, numerous legal systems, including English law, provide that jurisdiction and arbitration clauses are a special case, and that such clauses may still be relied upon even when it is part of the case of the person relying upon them that the contract is void. Asymmetric clauses Typically a forum selection clause applies to all parties to the contract. However it is possible for a contract to state