the radio, a mass medium, no longer permits its listener any mechanism of reply, as was the case with the telephone. Instead, listeners are not subjects anymore but passive receptacles exposed "in authoritarian fashion to the same programs put out by different stations." By associating the Enlightenment and Totalitarianism with Marquis de Sade's works—especially Juliette, in excursus II—the text also contributes to the pathologization of sadomasochist desires, as discussed by historian of sexuality Alison Moore. Editions The book made its first appearance in 1944 under the title Philosophische Fragmente by Social Studies Association, Inc. (New York). Dialektik der Aufklärung (Dialectic of Enlightenment) was published as a revised version in 1947 by Querido Verlag (Amsterdam). It was reissued in 1969 by S. Fischer Verlag. There have been two English translations: the first by John Cumming (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972); and a more recent translation, based on the definitive text from Horkheimer's collected works, by Edmund Jephcott (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002). See also Counter-Enlightenment Das Kapital Notes External links "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception." Excerpt of Chapter 1 of The Dialectic of Enlightenment, transcribed by A. Blunden [1998] 2005. "Dialectic of Enlightenment," in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 1944 non-fiction books 1947 non-fiction books Age of Enlightenment Critical theory Frankfurt School German non-fiction books Marxist books New Left Works by Max Horkheimer Works by Theodor W. Adorno Criticism of rationalism