large enough scale until too late." Komer also criticized U.S. institutions for relying on conventional tactics and strategy in an unconventional, political war. "Instead of adapting to the Vietnamese situation, we fought the enemy our way at horrendous costs, and with some tragic side effects, because we lacked much capability to do otherwise... Institutional inertia" prevailed." CIA officer and later CIA Director William Colby said "The Pentagon had to fight the only war it knew how to fight, and there was no American organization that could fight any other." A negative view about pacification in Vietnam was expressed by Richard Neustadt. "It was naïve to claim that the United States could achieve victory with limited means in a civil war on the Asian mainland. It was equally naïve, I think, to assume that we could change or win the hearts and minds of people, democratize a country not remotely under our own control, and thus aim at nationhood through Saigon's government. American military forces and civilian bureaucracies are not finely tuned enough for such assignments." See also Body count Hearts and Minds, 1974 documentary film on this subject John Paul Vann The light at the end of the tunnel Winning hearts and minds References Bibliography https://web.archive.org/web/20110727100340/http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Malayan_Emergency/ https://web.archive.org/web/20101028014938/http://afsa.org/fsj/apr00/leepson.cfm http://www.heartsandminds.org/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7698055.stm Further reading External links www.americanpresidency.org – The text of President Johnson's speeches. This website features the Public Papers of Presidents Hoover through George W. Bush. It is searchable by date as well as by keyword. Winning hearts and minds in Vietnam by Martin Bell. BBC News, October 30, 2008 The Heart and Mind of USAID's Vietnam Mission by Marc Leepson. American Foreign Service Association, 2000 CHIEU HOI: THE SURRENDER PROGRAM OF VIETNAM by Garry D. Brewer. Air and Space Power Journal, November 10, 1966 Hearts, minds and bodybags by James Fox. guardian.com.uk, April 5, 2003 THE CHIEU HOI PROGRAM OF VIETNAM by SGM Herbert A. Friedman (Ret.) Psychological Operations by Hearts and Minds Network, Inc. Hearts & Minds- Information for Change, 1997–2010 Malayan Emergency Knowledgerush, 2009 by Andrew Koch. Jane's An IHS Company, March 17, 2003 Jones, Sydney, Saunders, Joseph, Smarts, Malcolm, Human Rights Watch. "Hearts and Minds." Represson of Montagnards: Conflicts over Land and Religion in Vietnam's Central Highlands. 122–123. Google Books. Google, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. by Ed Ward, "'Next Stop is Vietnam': The War In Music" on NPR. January 26, 2011. by Ron Breeding, "Arkansas Vet Featured