first is that the eye develops on the side of the headshield, not at the front, and the second is a forwardly tapering glabella that is distanced from the rim of the headshield. The analysis identifies the taxa Asaphida, Olenina and Phacopida (including the Holotrachelidae) as sister groups. The earliest branch in Proetida is the family Hystricuridae. This is followed by a branch that consists of the families Dimeropygidae and Toernquistiidae. At the third node, the superfamily Aulacopleuroidea (consisting of Aulacopleuridae and Brachymetopidae) split off. The fourth branch is the family Scharyiidae. The fifth branch consists of the families Roringtoniidae and Tropidocoryphidae. The sixth node combines a restricted Bathyuridae split off from Bathyurella with the family Proetidae (including Phillipsiidae, which, according to Lamsdell, has been demoted to the subfamily Phillipsiinae). Taxonomy The following superfamilies, families and genera are recognized: Superfamily Aulacopleuroidea Family Aulacopleuridae Aulacopleura Aulacopleuroides Beggaspis Chamaeleoaspis Coignops Cyphaspides Cyphaspis Dixiphopyge Harpidella Latecephalus Malimanaspis Maurotarion Namuropyge Otarion Otarionides Protocyphaspides Pseudotrinodus Songkania Tilsleyia Family Brachymetopidae Acutimetopus Asiagena Australosutra Brachymetopella Brachymetopus Cheiropyge Conimetopus Cordania Eometopus Loeipyge Mystrocephala Proetidea Radnoria Spinimetopus Family Rorringtoniidae Cyamella Hanjiangaspis Isbergia Madygenia Protarchaeogonus Rorringtonia Solariproetus Superfamily Bathyuroidea Family Bathyuridae Acidiphorus Aksuaspis Aponileus Bathyurellus Bathyurus Benthamaspis Bolbocephalus Catochia Ceratopeltis Eleutherocentrus Ermanella Gignopeltis Grinnelaspis Hadrohybus Jeffersonia Licnocephala Lutesvillia Madaraspis Peltabellia Petigurus Platyantyx ?Proscharyia Psephosthenaspis Pseudoolenoides Punka Rananasus Randaynia Raymondites Sinobathyurus Strigigenalis Uromystrum Family Dimeropygidae (including Celmidae) Celmus Dimeropyge Dimeropygiella Glaphurella Ischyrotoma Pseudohystricurus Family Holotrachelidae Holotrachelus Kinderlania Family Hystricuridae Amblycranium Etheridgaspis Flectihystricurus Genalaticurus Glabretina Guizhouhystricurus Hillyardina Hintzecurus ?Holubaspis Hyperbolochilus Hystricurus Ibexicurus Lavadamia Nyaya Omuliovia Pachycranium Paenebeltella Parahystricurus Paraplethopeltis Politicurus Psalikilopsis Psalikilus Rollia Rossicurus Tanybregma ?Taoyuania Tasmanaspis Tersella Family Raymondinidae (including Glaphuridae) Glaphurina Glaphurus Raymondina Tagazella Varanella Family Telephinidae Carolinites Fialoides Goniophrys Oopsites Opipeuterella Paraphorocephala Phorocephala ?Pyraustocranium Telephina Telephops Family Toernquistiidae Chomatopyge Mesotaphraspis Toernquistia ?Toernquistina Superfamily Proetoidea Family Phillipsiidae Acanthophillipsia Acropyge Ameropiltonia Ameura Ampulliglabella Anisopyge Archegonus Bedicella Breviphillipsia Carbonocoryphe Cummingella Delaria Ditomopyge Doublatia Griffithidella Griffithides Grossoproetus Hentigia Hesslerides Hildaphillipsia Iranaspidion Jimbokranion Kollarcephalus Microphillipsia Neoproetus Nipponaspis Novoameura Nunnaspis Paraphillipsia Persia Phillibole Phillipsia Piltonia Pseudophillipsia Simulopaladin Spinibole Thaiaspis Thigriffides Timoraspis Triproetus Vidria Weania Family Proetidae Aayemenaytcheia Aceroproetus Alaskalethe Altajaspis Anambon Anglibole Angustibole Anujaspis Appendicysta Aprathia Archaeocoryphe Ascetopeltis Astroproetus Australokaskia Bailielloides Bapingaspis Basidechenella Beleckella Belgibole Benesovella Bitumulina Blodgettia Bohemiproetus Bolivicrania Boliviproetus Bollandia Bonnaspidella Borealia Brevibole Burgesina Calybole Camsellia Carbonoproetus Carlopsia Carniphillipsia Ceratoproetus Chauffouraspis Chaunoproetoides Chaunoproetus Chiides Chiops Chlupacula Chuanqianoproetus Clavibole Comptonaspis Coniproetus Conophillipsia Constantina Coombewoodia Craspedops Crassibole Crassiproetus Cyphinioides Cyphoproetus Cyrtodechenella Cyrtoproetus Cyrtosymbole Cystispina Daihuaia