the same vowel, the word can be shortened: fuhuchá ~ fuchá - "woman". In Chibcha, words are made of combinations where sometimes vowels are in front of the word. When this happens in front of another vowel, the vowel changes as follows: a-uba becomes oba - "his (or her, its) face" a-ita becomes eta - "his base" a-yta becomes ata - "his hand" (note: ata also means "one") Sometimes this combination is not performed and the words are written with the prefix plus the new vowel: a-ita would become eta but can be written as aeta, a-uba as aoba and a-yta as ayta Numbers Counting 1 to 10 in Chibcha is , , , , , , , , , . The Muisca only had numbers one to ten and the 'perfect' number 20; gueta, used extensively in their complex lunisolar Muisca calendar. For numbers higher than 10 they used additions; ("ten plus one") for eleven. Higher numbers were multiplications of twenty; would be "five times twenty"; 100. Structure and grammar Subject The subjects in Chibcha do not have genders or plurals. to thus can mean "male dog", "male dogs", "female dog" or "female dogs". To solve this, the Muisca used the numbers and the word for "man", cha, and "woman", fuhuchá, to specify gender and plural: to cha ata - "one male dog" (literally: "dog" "male" "one") to cha mika - "three male dogs" ("dog male three") to fuhuchá myhyká - "four female dogs" Personal pronoun Possessive pronoun The possessive pronoun is placed before the word it refers to. i- is only used in combination with ch, n, s, t or zh; i-to = ito ("my dog") zh- becomes zhy- when followed by a consonant (except ï); zh-paba = zhypaba ("my father") in case of a ï, the letter is lost: zh-ïohozhá = zhohozhá ("my buttocks") m- becomes um- when followed by a consonant; m-ïoky = umïoky ("your book") zhy- and um- are shortened when the word starts with w; zhy-waïá & um-waïá = zhwaïá & mwaïá ("mi mother" & "your mother") when the word starts with h, zhy- and um- are shortened and the vowel following j repeated; zhy-hué & um-hué = zhuhué & muhué ("my sir" & "your sir") Verbs The Muisca used two types of verbs, ending on -skua and -suka; ("to do") and guitysuka ("to whip") which have different forms in their grammatical conjugations. is