Nanobot.") any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is, de facto, an Animat. Goldstein's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of 'intelligence' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena. Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training, experimental systems, and the different sets of terminology (jargon) these two fields have produced. Nanobiotechnologists (really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems, e.g. neuroelectronic splices. A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach. The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats, true nonbiological life forms, whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms. As a result, Goldstein argues, the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community. Every two years, the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic. This group also have a journal, Adaptive Behavior. See also Cultured neuronal networks Hybrot Pacrat References Further reading Thomas DeMarse work. Stanley P. Franklin. "Artificial Life", in Artificial Minds. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995: 185-207. Alan H. Goldstein. "I, Nanobot." Salon.com, March 9, 2006. S. W. Wilson, Knowledge growth in an artificial animal. In Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications (pp. 16–23), Grefenstette, J.J., ed., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. (1985). http://www.eskimo.com/~wilson/ps/KGAA.pdf S. W. Wilson. The animat path to AI. In J.-A. Meyer and S. Wilson, editors, From Animals to Animats, pages 15–21. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991. http://www.eskimo.com/~wilson/ps/animat.pdf External links The AnimatLab of Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (Lip6), headed by Jean-Arcady Meyer International Society for Adaptive Behavior https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wACltn9QpCc http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~dt/animat-vision https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-0eZytv6Qk https://web.archive.org/web/20130719045455/https://neurolab.gatech.edu/labs/potter/animat Artificial life