Indian Mahāyāna Buddhists often accomplished this through a ritual called the "seven part worship" (saptāṇgapūjā or saptavidhā anuttarapūjā), which consists of: vandana (obeisance), worship, refuge, confession, rejoicing, prayers and requesting the buddhas to remain in the world. Fourfold vows In Mahāyāna sutras Fourfold bodhisattva vows (that is, a set of vows with four main components), are found in numerous Mahāyāna sutras. According to Jan Nattier, there is a set of four bodhisattva vows that appears in various sutras including the Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra, the Lotus Sūtra (in the Dharmaraksa and Kumarajiva translations), the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (in the Chinese translation by Lokaksema and Chih Ch'ien), the Avadānaśataka and the Compassionate Lotus sutra. Nattier translates this fourfold vow as follows: The unrescued I will rescue The unliberated I will liberate The uncomforted I will comfort Those who have not yet reached paranirvana, I will cause to attain paranirvanaNattier also notes that a similar set of four vows (with small differences in wording) appears in the Dipankara Jataka, the Mahavastu, the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (in the Chinese translation by Kumarajiva), the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā and in some Lotus Sutra translations. Nattier translates this other fourfold vow as follows: Having crossed over [myself], I will rescue [others]. Liberated, I will liberate [others]. Comforted, I will comfort [others]. Having attained paranirvana, I will cause [others] to attain paranirvana.Nattier further notes that "it is quite possible to identify clear antecedents of these vows in pre-Mahayana literature" and thus it is likely that these fourfold vows evolved from earlier passages (found in the Digha Nikaya and the Majjhima Nikaya as well as the Chinese Agamas) that describe the activity of the Buddha. One such passage states: Awakened, the Blessed One teaches the Dhamma for the sake of awakening. Disciplined, the Blessed One teaches the Dhamma for the sake of disciplining. Calmed, the Blessed One teaches the Dhamma for the sake of calming. Having crossed over, the Blessed One teaches the Dhamma for the sake of crossing over. In East Asian Buddhism In East Asian Buddhism, the most common bodhisattva vows are a series of "four extensive vows" outlined by the Tiantai Patriarch Zhiyi. According to Robert F. Rhodes, Zhiyi presents two versions of the four vows. The first one is taken from the Chinese version of the Lotus Sūtra and states: Those who have not yet been ferried over, I will ferry over. Those who have not yet understood, I