a single paper township shared among all the counties, or petition to create separate paper townships in each county. For example, both Butler and Hamilton counties share a nominal Heritage Township that corresponds with the City of Fairfield; on the other hand, Hamilton, Clermont, and Warren counties each have a separate, nominal Loveland Township that corresponds to part of the City of Loveland. When the municipality annexes additional land, township boundaries must be explicitly adjusted to reflect the change; otherwise, the annexation remains in the original township as well as the municipality. Under 1953 case law, a paper township may not be considered an adjoining township for the purpose of dissolving a township. A paper township does not have to share the municipality's name. For example: Louisville's Constitution Township is named after the city's nickname. Fairfield's Heritage Township was created by the county commissioners of Butler and Hamilton counties because Butler County already had a Fairfield Township – the one from which Fairfield withdrew. Canal Fulton's Milan Township is named after one of two villages that Canal Fulton annexed in the 1850s. Unpopulated townships A township can consist of unincorporated territory but lack a government because it has no resident population. On January 23, 1981, Wayne Township in Montgomery County was re-incorporated as the city of Huber Heights. However, a small portion of Wayne Township east of the Mad River was part of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Under , territory on military installations can not be incorporated without the approval of the Secretary of Defense. Thus, that portion of Wayne Township still nominally exists, but has no local government. It is currently the only unpopulated township in Ohio. Decades earlier in 1943, Millcreek Township in Hamilton County became defunct, leaving no local government, after annexations by Cincinnati and withdrawals by other villages reduced the township to only a cemetery without even a resident property owner eligible to vote for annexation. Prevalence As of the 2010 Census, 15 townships in Ohio had no government because a city or village had become coextensive with it, and one because it had no population. A total of 258 municipal corporations (179 cities and 79 villages) have fully or partially withdrawn from functioning townships to create paper townships. Of those partially withdrawn, 24 are cities and three are villages. Economic implications Municipalities can dramatically reduce a real township's territory and tax base by withdrawing from