La Cagoule (The Cowl, press nickname coined by the Action Française nationalist Maurice Pujo), originally called the Organisation secrète d'action révolutionnaire nationale (Osarn or OSAR; Secret Organisation for revolutionary national action) then officially the Comité secret d'action révolutionnaire (CSAR, Secret Committee of Revolutionary Action), was a French fascist-leaning and anti-communist terrorist group that used violence to promote its activities from 1935 to 1941, in the final years of the Third Republic, and into the Vichy Regime. It opposed the leftist Popular Front (in office, June 1936 to 1938). La Cagoule was founded by Eugène Deloncle. Among others, the founder of the cosmetics company L'Oréal, Eugène Schueller, bankrolled the clandestine movement. The group performed assassinations, bombings, sabotage of armaments, and other violent activities, some intended to cast suspicion on communists and to add to political instability. Planning a November 1937 overthrow of the French government, La Cagoule was infiltrated by the police, and the national government arrested and imprisoned about 70 men. At the outbreak of World War II (September 1939), the government released the men to fight in the French Army. Some supported other right-wing organizations and participated in the Vichy government of 1940-1944; others joined the Free French of Charles de Gaulle. It was not until 1948 that the government tried surviving members for the charges of 1937. Third Republic The group was founded in 1936 or 1937 by Eugène Deloncle and enjoyed privileged relations within industrial circles (National Federation of Ratepayers, Lesieur, L'Oréal etc). An important member was Joseph Darnand, who later founded the Service d'ordre légionnaire (SOL), the forerunner of the Milice, the collaborationist paramilitary of the Vichy regime. His nephew Henri Charbonneau was also a member. Another member was Jean Filiol, who was appointed as the head of the Milice in Limoges. He fled to Spain at the end of World War II and he worked in the Spanish subsidiary of L'Oréal. Gabriel Jeantet, who was a lover of a sister of François Mitterrand, who later recommended him for the Francisque. Dr. Henri Martin was a medical doctor suspected of having forged the Pacte synarchique and worked for the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) after World War II. Mohammed El Maadi, the head of La Cagoule for French Algeria, started the anti-Semitic newspaper Er Rachid and organised the North-African Brigade, known as SS-Mohammed, in 1944. The group drew most of its members from Orléanists disappointed by the