from Cyrillic to Latin since the breakup of the Soviet Union. Moldovan has switched to Latin and is once again referred to as Romanian. These fifteen names derive from four roots: Slavic verb , , "chop" Turkic root , "pure" Latin , "coin" Old Ruthenian , "carve", "emboss", "mint" Historical Soviet rubles First Soviet ruble (paper), 1917–1922 The first ruble issued for the Soviet government was a preliminary issue still based on the previous issue of the ruble prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. They are all in banknote form and started their issue in 1919. At this time other issues were made by the white Russian government and other governing bodies. During that time, the Russian economy suffered from hyperinflation. Denominations were as follows: 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 25-, 50-, 60-, 100-, 250-, 500-, 1,000-, 5,000-, 10,000-, 25,000-, 50,000-, and 100,000 roubles. Short-term treasury certificates were also issued to supplement banknote issue in 1,000,000-, 5,000,000-, and 10,000,000 roubles. These issue was printed in various fashions, as inflation crept up the security features were few and some were printed on one side, as was the case for the German inflationary notes. Banknotes: In 1918, state credit notes were introduced by the RSFSR for 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 250 Rbls, 500 Rbls, 1,000 Rbls, 5,000 Rbls, and 10,000 roubles. These were followed in 1919 by currency notes for 1-, 2-, 3-, 15-, 20-, 60-, 100-, 250-, 500-, 1,000-, 5,000-, and 10,000 roubles. In 1921, currency note denominations of 5-, 50-, 25,000-, 50,000-, 100,000-, 1,000,000-, 5,000,000-, and 10,000,000 roubles were added. Gold ruble (chervonets), 1921–1924 Upon launch of the New Economic Policy in 1921 came efforts to revive as currency and accounting unit the pre-war gold standard ruble, equal to of a chervonets (with Rbls 10. equal to 8.602 g of 90% fine gold, then equal to US$5.14). The gold ruble existed in parallel with the paper ruble of 1917–1922, which continued to depreciate versus the former, climbing to 50 billion paper rubles per gold ruble in March 1924. Coins: The first coinage after the Russian civil war was minted in 1921–1923 according to pre-war Czarist standards, with silver coins of 10 kop, 15 kop, 20 kop minted in 50% silver, 50 kop ("poltinnik" or Rbl ) and Rbl 1 in 90% silver, and Rbls 10 (chervonets) in 90% gold. These coins bore the emblem and