India came with the Census operations by the British administration in 1881.Indian census data and its publications included huge amount of anthropological information and the first Census Commissioner Sir H.H.Risley(1851-1911)constructed the racial classification of the Indian population in 1908. The focus of the Indian census, however changed after the independence of the country.The national government in India became more interested to employ census operations towards the economic development and reconstruction of the country. The first professional journal of anthropology in India was the Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay which was founded in 1886. The founding editor of the journal was Edward Tyrrell Leith, a British national and professor of Law at the Government Law College, Bombay (now Mumbai). This journal continued up to 1973. Anthropology, first under the name of Ethnography was included as a section in the first Indian Science Congress Association meeting held in 1914 and since then the subject continued to be included in the Indian Science Congress and the pioneering Indian anthropologists, like B.S.Guha,S.S.Sarkar, N.K.Bose,D.N.Majumdar, Irawati Karve, Surajit Sinha, Pranab Ganguly and many eminent scholars delivered their presidential lectures in the Anthropology section of the Indian Science Congress. The first Department of Anthropology was established at Calcutta University in 1920 by the famous Indian Vice-Chancellor, Sir Asutosh Mukhopadhyay and Ananthakrishna Ayer (a pioneering Indian anthropologist) was its Head of the Department. Famous Indian anthropologists, some of them trained outside India, were the founder teachers in the Department. Saratchandra Mitra(1863-1938), who was the first professor of Anthropology in the first department of Anthropology in India at the University of Calcutta in 1921 Ramaprasad Chanda(1873-1942), Haran Chandra Chakladar(1874-1958),} Panchanan Mitra(1892-1936), B.S. Guha(1894-1961), K.P. Chattppadhaya(1897-1963), T.C.Das(1898-1964), N.K.Bose(1901-1972), Irawati Karve(1905-1970), D.Sen(1909-1980), S.S.Sarkar(1908-1969), and many others(including Varrier Elwin(1902-1964) and D.N.Majumdar(1903-1960) developed a strong empirical tradition of Anthropology in India characterised by ethnographic fieldwork in social-cultural anthropology and anthropometry in physical anthropology. The thrust on a holistic approach was the cardinal feature of anthropology in India. The second professional journal of anthropology, which has completed one hundred year in 2021 named Man in India was established by Sarat Chandra Roy,(1871–1942) a pioneering Indian anthropologist, in 1921. In his landmark article published in the first volume of Man in India Roy elaborately discussed the origin of professional anthropological research in India. Roy not only critically evaluated the major theories developed in the then western anthropology, like evolutionism, diffusionism and functionalism with