selection, and many have criticized the technique for this reason. Predicting job performance A meta-analysis of selection methods in personnel psychology found that general mental ability was the best overall predictor of job performance and training performance. Regarding interview procedures, there are data which put into question these tools for selecting employees. While the aim of a job interview is ostensibly to choose a candidate who will perform well in the job role, other methods of selection provide greater predictive validity and often entail lower costs. Unstructured interviews are commonly used, but structured interviews tend to yield better outcomes and are considered a better practice. Interview structure is defined as "the reduction in procedural variance across applicants, which can translate into the degree of discretion that an interviewer is allowed in conducting the interview." Structure in an interview can be compared to a typical paper and pencil test: we would not think it was fair if every test taker were given different questions and a different number of questions on an exam, or if their answers were each graded differently. Yet this is exactly what occurs in an unstructured interview; thus, a structured interview attempts to standardize this popular selection tool. Multiple studies and meta-analyses have also been conducted to look at the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational performance and success. Job candidates exhibiting higher levels of helping, voice, and loyalty behaviors were generally rated as more confident, received higher salaries, and received higher salary recommendations than job candidates exhibiting these behaviors to a lesser degree. This was found to be true even candidate responses regarding task performance were taken into account. Finally, content analyses of open-ended question responses indicated selection decisions were highly sensitive to candidates with low expression of voice and helping behaviors. See also Labour demand Labour economics Onboarding Personnel psychology Recruitment Team composition Industrial & Organizational Assessment References External links Canadian Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Applied psychology Behavioural sciences Human resource management Industrial and organizational psychology Systems psychology Management science