are run by Independent Buyers Ltd who run schemes for several trade associations. The suppliers to this type of GPO offer preferred pricing, terms, and service standards because they experience lower overall selling expenses and the increased volume usually associated with the addition of a single very large customer. Savings provided by a horizontal GPO are delivered on the purchases each member client makes directly with the GPO contracted supplier due to best-in-class contracts in which all members receive the same price and service. Member client staff can focus on strategic sourcing activities while confidently knowing that the non-strategic sourcing is well managed within best-in-class contracts. See also Collective buying power Group buy Horizontal market Prescription drug purchasing pool Tuangou Vertical market References External links An Analysis Of Group Purchasing Organizations' Contracting Practices Under Antitrust Laws: Myth and Reality Health economics Purchasing consortia