just a little less consonant than the perfect fourth and perfect fifth. For context: unstated in these theories is that musicians of the Romantic Era had effectively promoted the major ninth and minor seventh to a legitimacy of harmonic consonance as well, in their fabrics of 4-note chords. 21st century Dynamic tonality offers a new perspective on consonance and dissonance by enabling a pseudo-just tuning and a pseudo-harmonic timbre to remain related despite real-time systematic changes to tuning, to timbre, or to both. This enables any musical interval in said tuning to be made more or less consonant in real time by aligning, more or less, the partials of said timbre with the notes of said tuning (or vice versa). See also Chord factor Dissonant counterpoint Limit (music) Phonaesthetics References Sources . Further reading Anon. (1826). [Untitled]. The Harmonicon: A Journal of Music 4: Burns, Edward M. (1999). "Intervals, Scales, and Tuning", in The Psychology of Music second edition. Deutsch, Diana, ed. San Diego: Academic Press. . Eigeldinger, Jean-Jacques, Roy Howat, and Naomi Shohet. 1988. Chopin: Pianist and Teacher: As Seen by His Pupils. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. . Jonas, Oswald (1982). Introduction to the Theory of Heinrich Schenker: The Nature of the Musical Work of Art, translated by John Rothgeb. New York: Longman; London: Collier-Macmillan. . [Translated from Einführung in die Lehre Heinrich Schenkers, das Wesen des musikalischen Kunstwerkes, second edition. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1972. First edition as Das Wesen des musikalischen Kunstwerks: Eine Einführung in die Lehre Heinrich Schenkers. Vienna: Saturn-Verlag, 1934.] Kempers, Karel Philippus Bernet, and M. G. Bakker. 1949. Italian Opera, from the Dutch by M. M. Kessler-Button. Symphonia Books. Stockholm: Continental Book Co. Jeppesen, Knud (1946). The Style of Palestrina and the Dissonance, second revised and enlarged edition, translated by Margaret Hamerik with linguistic alterations and additions by Annie I. Fausboll. Copenhagen: E. Munksgaard; Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reprinted, with corrections, New York: Dover Publications, 1970. . Rice, Timothy (2004). Music in Bulgaria. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. . Sethares, William A. (1993). "Local Consonance and the Relationship between Timbre and Scale". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94(1): 1218. (A non-technical version of the article) External links Atlas of Consonance Octave Frequency Sweep, Consonance/Dissonance Consonance and Dissonance—Index to Notes by David Huron at Ohio State University School of Music Bibliography of Consonance and Dissonance The Keyboard Tuning of