the use of: Bastoncello (The baton) Staff and dagger Pairs of clubs or cudgels The use of the chiavarina (spear) against a man on horseback Sette spade The best known image from the Flos Duellatorum is the sette spade (seven swords) diagram at the beginning of the longsword section (fol. 17A), reminiscent of the first image of the Codex Wallerstein. It is a figure of a man, divided by seven swords centered on the body, representing the poste or guard positions. This is surrounded by four animals, representing the main virtues of a fencer: on top, the lynx, holding a compass represents prudentia: "No other creature is able to look so clearly as me, the lynx / and by this I ever I ever reckon by compass and measure" to the left, the tiger holding an arrow represents celeritas "I am the tiger, I am very quick to run and turn / That the arrow in the sky cannot approach me." to the right, the lion holding a heart represents audatia "None bears a more ardent heart than me, a lion / And I challenge anyone to battle." on the bottom, the elephant, carrying a tower, represents fortitudo: "I am the elephant and I have a castle for a burden / And never do I kneel down nor do I lose my true place." See also Italian school of swordsmanship External links Novati facsimile of the Pisani-Dossi MS (PDF file, 42M) " The Flower of Battle" (Getty's copy) Fior Di Battaglia Translation and Interpretation Project (text and translation) AEMMA Flos Duellatorum material Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo (Italian Ancient Fencing Art Institute) transcriptions (Getty, Morgan and Pisani-Dossi) Fiore Dei Liberi: 14th century Master of Defence by John Clements (ARMA) http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/1443/unknown-fiore-furlan-dei-liberi-da-premariacco-il-fior-di-battaglia-italian-about-1410/ - Versione digitale del manoscritto al P. Getty Museum Further reading Flos Duellatorum - Manuale di Arte del Combattimento del XV secolo di Fiore dei Liberi, Italian Publication by Marco Rubboli and Luca Cesari, Il Cerchio - Gli Archi, Historical European martial arts 15th-century illuminated manuscripts