of the royal house of Liu would be created as kings thenceforth. This injunction was violated by his widow, Empress Dowager Lü, who established several kingdoms with her own relatives as kings. They were destroyed after her death. The last king of the Western Han was Wu Zhu, King Jing of Changsha, who died without an heir in 157 BC. After that, there were no kings outside the royal clan until the end of the Han dynasty, when Cao Cao styled himself King of Wei in AD 216. Original kingdoms Yan – Zang Tu (rebelled in 202 BC but was defeated and replaced by Lu Wan, a Han general, who also plotted rebellion and was replaced in 195 BC by Liu Jian, son of Gaozu) Chu – Han Xin (removed in 201 BC and replaced by Liu Jiao, brother of Gaozu) Zhao – Zhang Ao (demoted to marquis in 199 BC and replaced by Liu Ruyi, son of Gaozu) Huainan – Ying Bu (rebelled in 197 BC but was defeated and replaced by Liu Chang, son of Gaozu) Established by Liu Bang Changsha Dai Liang Established by the Empress Dowager Lü Lu Huaiyang Changshan Lü Tongxing Kingdoms The "kings of the same surname" () were members of the House of Liu, sons, brothers, or descendants of the Han emperors. The tradition of creating royal sons as kings continued until the Qing dynasty, during which sons of emperors could also be created as lower nobles. The Han emperors initially felt that creating these kingdoms would strengthen the house, particularly against the other kings. However, these princes became even more dangerous, as they were eligible to succeed the throne. Several rebellions were attempted by these powerful princes during the reigns of the emperors Jing and Wu. After the Rebellion of the Seven Princes, Emperor Wu reformed the principalities, reducing them to single prefectures and granting superior authority to prime ministers appointed by the central government. The institution continued until the very end of the dynasty, however. Established by Liu Bang Prince of Chu Prince of Dai (Liu Zhong, Liu Ruyi and Liu Heng) Prince of Qi Prince of Jing Prince of Huainan Prince of Zhao Prince of Yan Prince of Wu Established by Emperor Wen Prince of Liang Prince of Chengyang Prince of Jibei Prince of Zichuan Prince of Jinan Prince of Jiaodong Prince of Jiaoxi Prince of Hengshan Prince of Lujiang