before reaching adulthood. Most Chaoborus species are univoltine, or live for only one year, though some populations have been recorded as having a two-year generation time. Timing of pupation depends on local environmental conditions, though generally occurs after any ice has thawed and temperatures in the water begin to rise again. Collection The simplest way to collect glassworms is by a plankton net. They can be found in almost all water, but most abound in fish-free quarry ponds during winter. Glassworms are very easy to store if the water is kept cold and aerated. They are very tolerant to bad water conditions, including chlorine. They are sometimes collected and sold as fish food. Species These 44 species belong to the genus Chaoborus: Chaoborus albatus Johnson, 1921 i g b Chaoborus americanus (Johannsen, 1903) i c g Chaoborus annandalei Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus anomalus Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus antillum Knab, 1913 c g Chaoborus asiaticus (Giles, 1901) c g Chaoborus astictopus Dyar & Shannon, 1924 i c g b (clear lake gnat) Chaoborus australis Sahnnon & Ponte, 1928 c g Chaoborus bolviensis Lane & Heredia, 1956 c g Chaoborus brasiliensis (Theobald, 1901) c g Chaoborus brevisector Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus ceratopogones (Theobald, 1903) c g Chaoborus cooki Saether, 1970 i c g b Chaoborus cornfordii (Theobald, 1903) c g Chaoborus crystallinus (De Geer, 1776) i c g Chaoborus depereti Meunier, 1915 c g Chaoborus edulis Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus elnorae Shannon & Ponte, 1928 c g Chaoborus festivus Dyar & Shannon, 1924 i c g b Chaoborus flavicans (Meigen, 1830) i c g b Chaoborus flavidulus Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus freemani Verbeke, 1958 c g Chaoborus fryeri Verbeke, 1958 c g Chaoborus fuscinervis Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus indicus (Giles, 1904) c g Chaoborus longicercus Colless, 1986 c g Chaoborus maculipes Stone, 1965 i c g b Chaoborus magnificus Lane, 1942 c g Chaoborus manilensis (Schiner, 1868) c g Chaoborus microstictus Edwards, 1930 c g Chaoborus nyblaei (Zetterstedt, 1838) c g Chaoborus obscuripes (Wulp, 1859) i c g Chaoborus ornatipennis Colless, 1986 c g Chaoborus pallidipes (Theobald, 1911) c g Chaoborus pallidus (Fabricius, 1781) c g Chaoborus punctilliger Colless, 1986 c g Chaoborus punctipennis (Say, 1823) i c g b Chaoborus queenslandensis (Theobald, 1905) c g Chaoborus sampsera Ogawa & Judd, 2008 c g Chaoborus souzai Lane, 1939 c g Chaoborus stonei Lane, 1942 c g