to Chief Rabbi Sir Immanuel Jakobovits and others to Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks in 2001 and Rabbi Tony Bayfield in 2006; Lambeth degrees can be awarded to those who are neither Anglican nor members of other Christian denominations. Degrees by examination are awarded by the archbishop at an annual service in the chapel at Lambeth Palace, in the framework of Evening Prayer - held separately from the service for the more "honorary" Lambeth degrees. The archbishop's power to grant degrees did, and still does, require confirmation by the Crown and so the degrees are known as "degrees of the realm". All recipients have to be able to swear an oath to the monarch of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms, since the act of 1533 speaks of the monarch conferring degrees on his subjects. Applicants must fall into one of these categories (according to the Handbook for Students and Supervisors (2014)): British subjects; nationals of Commonwealth countries which retain the King as head of state; holders of dual nationality; members of the clergy of the Church of England’s Diocese in Europe; foreign nationals who have British residency or who are permanently domiciled in the UK, and who are not otherwise prevented by virtue of their own nationality and citizenship from taking the Oath of Allegiance. Degrees and diplomas The degrees for which examination is required fall under the ambit of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Examination in Theology (AET). There were two grades, the STh and the MA. The first was the Lambeth Diploma of Student in Theology (STh). The Lambeth Diploma was established in 1905 to provide a means of scholarly theological study and to encourage women to study theology. It was originally for women only and only since 1944 has it been for men also. It might be conducted by examination (part one in three biblical studies subjects, part two in four doctrine and optional subjects) or, since 1913, by a 30,000-40,000 words thesis for suitably qualified candidates (originally with a theology degree but, since 1969, other suitable theological qualifications). Whether by examination or by thesis a candidate must have passed, or be exempted from, a paper in New Testament Greek. The standard was that of an honours degree. Successful candidates might join an association of Lambeth diploma holders. Most awards were by thesis alone in the latter years of the qualification. Master of Arts by thesis A limited