Fairfield Township, one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States, is located in the south central portion of the county. It had a population of 21,373 at the 2010 census, up from 15,571 in 2000, but down sharply from 49,353 in 1990 because of the withdrawal of the city of Fairfield in 1994 and annexations from Fairfield and Hamilton. Before annexations by the cities of Hamilton and Fairfield, it had an area of about . Name Fairfield Township's name is reflective of the gentle topography in the township. It is one of seven Fairfield Townships statewide. History In 1795, upon the signing of the Treaty of Greenville, the court of general quarter sessions of the peace for Hamilton County created Springfield and Fairfield townships out of the northern reaches of Cincinnati Township. Fairfield Township became part of a newly formed Butler County in 1802. "Beginning at the bank of the Miami, on the eastern side, at the place where the south boundary line of the county strikes the same; thence east with the southern boundary line of the county to the southeast corner of section No. 14 of the second township of the second entire range; thence north to the Great Miami river; thence southwestwardly down the same to the place of beginning." For a brief period in 1994 and 1995, the township was incorporated as the City of Indian Springs under a special law enacted by the Ohio General Assembly, but it reverted to township status when this law was declared unconstitutional by the courts. Geography Located in the southern part of the county, it borders the following townships, cities, and villages: St. Clair Township - north, across the Great Miami River Madison Township - northeast Liberty Township - east, north of West Chester Township West Chester Township - east, south of Liberty Township Fairfield - south Ross Township - southwest Hamilton - west New Miami - northwest Because the course of the Great Miami River has changed since its borders were fixed, some of the township is now west of the river. The lowest point in Butler County, elevation , is in the township, where the Great Miami River crosses the county line, the township's southern boundary. Government The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.