East Turkistan Republic (ETR) may refer to: First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934), Islamic republic centered on the city of Kashgar Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1946), Soviet-backed Turkic people's republic in northern Xinjiang See also East Turkestan independence movement, in PRC-administered province of Xinjiang, popular among some Uyghur nationalists East Turkestan National Awakening Movement