National Weather Service. LMFS added an option for pilots in 2013 called Surveillance Enhanced Search and Rescue, SE-SAR, which allows them to keep track of en route aircraft via satellite. Flight Data issues some types of Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) through the FAA's E-Notam II computer system. Flight services in Canada In Canada, Flight Information Centres (FIC) monitor the FISE frequencies (frequency 126.7 MHz is for broadcasts) as well as 121.5 MHz, the emergency frequency. However, Canadian FIC have phased out the use of 126.7 MHz for FISE (en route flight information) and are instead utilizing discrete frequencies. This is to decrease the frequency congestion often experienced on 126.7. These frequencies are found in the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS). Unlike in the United States, even for VFR flights, pilots are required to file a flight plan or have a flight itinerary with a responsible person for any flight greater than 25 nm from the departure aerodrome. Also, in Canada, flight plans are opened automatically at the estimated time of departure (ETD). Flight information centres play a prominent role managing flight plans, collecting position reports from pilots en route, and initiating commsearch procedures to locate pilots who have not closed flight plans. There is no per-use charge for flight services, but aircraft owners are required to pay Nav Canada a daily or annual fee, depending on aircraft weight, to support all air traffic services, both FSS and air traffic control (for a light private aircraft, the fee is approximately CAD 70/year). Foreign light aircraft entering Canada are billed a quarterly fee. Canada has many mandatory frequency airports, which have enough traffic to justify special rules, but not enough to justify a control tower. Many of these airports have an onsite FSS that pilots are required to contact, while others have Remote Aerodrome Advisory Services (RAAS) provided by an FSS in a different location. Rarely, an airport will have Mandatory Frequency Area rules, but no ground station. Until 1996, the Canadian federal government operated all air traffic services (FSS and air traffic control) through Transport Canada, a government department. Currently, a private non-profit corporation, Nav Canada, operates both FSS/FIC and air traffic control and has significantly modernized the system, which involved the closing of some local FSSs. However, the company in turn created six large Flight Information Centres (FICs) situated at airports in Halifax, Quebec City, London, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Kamloops. These