A list of sinologists around the world, past and present. Sinology is commonly defined as the academic study of China primarily through Chinese language, literature, and history, and often refers to Western scholarship. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization." The field of sinology was historically seen to be equivalent to the application of philology to China, and until the 20th century was generally seen as meaning "Chinese philology" (language and literature). Sinology has broadened in modern times to include Chinese history, epigraphy, and other subjects. Australia Rafe de Crespigny Charles Patrick Fitzgerald Colin Mackerras Robert Henry Mathews John Minford Pierre Ryckmans Yingjie Guo Kevin Rudd Austria Michael Prochazka Belgium Simon Leys Roel Sterckx (born 1969) Antoine Thomas Ferdinand Verbiest Bulgaria Snejina Gogova Canada Timothy Brook Charles Burton Jerome Ch'en (born 1919) Edwin G. Pulleyblank Michael Szonyi Chia-ying Yeh China James Dyer Ball (1847-1919) Yuen Ren Chao C. T. Hsia Huang Xianfan D. C. Lau Li Xueqin Rao Zongyi Qian Mu Qiu Xigui Wang Li, linguist Wang Tao, archaeologist Wang Zhongshu Xia Nai Yang Bojun Czech Republic Gustav Haloun (1898–1951) Jaroslav Průšek (1906–1980) Estonia Linnart Mäll France Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (1674–1743) Arcade Huang (1679–1717) Étienne Fourmont (1683–1745) Jean Denis Attiret (1702–1768) Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (1718–1793) Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat (1788–1832) – studied languages of the Far East and produced the Essai sur la langue et la littérature chinoises, and the Chinese novel Iu-kiao-li, ou les deux cousines, roman chinois. Stanislas Julien (1797–1873) Séraphin Couvreur (1835–1919) Léopold de Saussure (1886–1925) Léon Wieger (1956–1933) Édouard Chavannes (1865–1918) – best known for his 1) translations from Sima Qian's Shiji, sections of the Hou Hanshu, and the Weilüe 2) studies of Han dynasty stone carvings and Chinese religion, including the groundbreaking study of the worship of Mount Tai in ancient China. His students included Henri Maspero, Paul Pelliot and Marcel Granet. Paul Pelliot (1878–1945) Victor Segalen (1878–1919) – scholar of ancient Chinese sculpture Henri Maspero (1883–1945) Paul Demiéville – studied the Franco-Belgian school of Buddhology. His 1947 work 'Mirror of the Mind' was widely read in the U.S. and inaugurated a series by him on subitism and gradualism. Marcel Granet (1884–1940) – one of the first to use sociological methods Jean Escarra (1885–1955) René Grousset (1885–1952) Étienne Balazs (1905–1963) Jacques Gernet (1921-2018) Jean-Pierre Drège (born 1946) François Jullien (born 1951) Anne Cheng (born 1955) David Gosset