circulation of atmospheric microorganisms results in global health concerns and ecological processes such as widespread dispersal of both pathogens and antibiotic resistances, cloud formation and precipitation, and colonization of pristine environments. Airborne microorganisms also play a role in the formation of the phyllosphere, which is one of the vastest habitats on the Earth's surface involved in nutrient cycling. The field of bioaerosol research studies the taxonomy and community composition of airborne microbial organisms, also referred to as the air microbiome. A recent series of technological and analytical advancements include high-volumetric air samplers, an ultra-low biomass processing pipeline, low-input DNA sequencing libraries, as well as high-throughput sequencing technologies. Applied in unison, these methods have enabled comprehensive and meaningful characterization of the airborne microbial organismal dynamics found in the near-surface atmosphere. Previous studies investigating bioaerosols using amplicon sequencing predominantly focussed on the bacterial fraction of the air microbiome, while fungal and plant pollen fractions frequently remained understudied. Airborne microbial organisms also impact agricultural productivity, as bacterial and fungal species distributed by air movement act as plant blights. Furthermore, atmospheric processes, such as cloud condensation and ice nucleation events were shown to depend on airborne microbial particles. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of microbial organisms in air is crucial for insights into the atmosphere as an ecosystem, but also will inform on human wellbeing and respiratory health. In recent years, next generation DNA sequencing technologies, such as metabarcoding as well as coordinated metagenomics and metatranscriptomics studies, have been providing new insights into microbial ecosystem functioning, and the relationships that microorganisms maintain with their environment. There have been studies in soils, the ocean, the human gut, and elsewhere. In the atmosphere, though, microbial gene expression and metabolic functioning remain largely unexplored, in part due to low biomass and sampling difficulties. So far, metagenomics has confirmed high fungal, bacterial, and viral biodiversity, and targeted genomics and transcriptomics towards ribosomal genes has supported earlier findings about the maintenance of metabolic activity in aerosols and in clouds. In atmospheric chambers airborne bacteria have been consistently demonstrated to react to the presence of a carbon substrate by regulating ribosomal gene expressions. Types Pollen grains Effective pollen dispersal is vital for maintenance of genetic diversity and fundamental for connectivity between spatially separated populations. An efficient transfer of the pollen guarantees successful reproduction in flowering plants. No matter how pollen is dispersed, the male-female recognition is possible by mutual contact of