The 12.7×108mm cartridge is a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the former Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact countries, modern Russia, China and other countries. It was invented in 1934 to create a cartridge like the German 13.2mm TuF anti-tank rifle round and the American .50 Browning Machine Gun round (12.7×99mm NATO). It is used in the same roles as the NATO .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO) cartridge. The two differ in bullet shape and weight, and the casing of the 12.7×108mm is slightly longer, and its larger case capacity allow it to hold slightly more of a different type of powder. The 12.7×108mm can be used to engage a wide variety of targets on the battlefield, and will destroy unarmored vehicles, penetrate lightly armored vehicles and damage external ancillary equipment (i.e.: searchlights, radar, transmitters, vision blocks, engine compartment covers) on heavily armored vehicles such as tanks. It will also ignite gasoline and—since 2019—diesel fuel (experimental "Avers" AP/I round). Cartridge dimensions The 12.7×108mm has 22.72 ml (350 grains) H2O cartridge case capacity. 12.7×108 maximum cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters (mm). Americans define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 18.16 degrees. According to guidelines the 12.7×108mm case can handle up to 360 MPa (52,213 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers. Cartridge types Soviet and Russian 12.7×108 types Б-30 / B-30 First version of 1930. Armor-piercing () bullet weighing 49 g and 64 mm long with hardened steel core. Replaced by B-32. БЗТ / BZT Pre-WW2 armor-piercing incendiary () tracer. Replaced by BZT-44. Б-32 / B-32 (GRAU# 57-BZ-542, 7-BZ-2) Steel-cored bullet. Main type in use. Penetrates 20mm NATO medium-hard RHA from 500m at 0° when fired out of DShKM. Penetrates 20mm 2P steel from 100m at 0° when fired out of NSV-12.7. First produced 1936; named after the B-32 7.62×54mmR ammunition of 1932. БС-41 / BS-41 API bullet weighing 55.4 g and 51 mm long with a cemented carbide (Re8 WC-Co) core. Produced in small quantities at the beginning of WWII for the 12.7 mm Sholokhov anti-tank rifles (PTRSh-41). БЗТ-44 / BZT-44 (GRAU# 57-BZT-542) APIT with brighter tracer, usually used with B-32. Complemented by BZT-44M (GRAU# 57-BZT-542M) of 2002 with subdued tracer. БЗФ-46 / BZF-46 API bullet with (white) phosphorus (). Aircraft MG round.