graphical performance displays Customized cost savings documentation Simplified setup procedures to eliminate dependence upon IT resources Main KPIs for supply chain management will detail the following processes: Sales forecasts Inventory Procurement and suppliers Warehousing Transportation Reverse logistics In a warehouse, the manager will use KPIs that target best use of the facility, like the receiving and put away KPIs to measure the receiving efficiency and the putaway cost per line. Storage KPIs can also be used to determine the efficiency of the storage space and the carrying cost of the inventory. Government The provincial government of Ontario, Canada has been using KPIs since 1998 to measure the performance of higher education institutions in the province. All post-secondary schools collect and report performance data in five areas – graduate satisfaction, student satisfaction, employer satisfaction, employment rate, and graduation rate. In England, Public Health England uses KPIs to provide a consistent measure of the performance of NHS population screening activities, and publication of up to four main KPIs for the most important contracts outsourced by each UK government department is seen as a measure helping to increase transparency in the delivery of public services. Further performance indicators Duration of a stockout situation Customer order waiting time Human Resource Management Employee turnover Ability to recruit to advertised roles Employee performance indicators Staff satisfaction/ results of staff surveys Proportion of staff unplanned absence (due to short or long term sickness) Cross-functional team analysis Organization contribution to Sector performance improvement Ex: Research Institutes contribution to Commercial Agriculture Improvement Problems In practice, overseeing key performance indicators can prove expensive or difficult for organizations. Some indicators such as staff morale may be impossible to quantify. As such, dubious KPIs can be adopted that can be used as a rough guide rather than a precise benchmark. Key performance indicators can also lead to perverse incentives and unintended consequences as a result of employees working to the specific measurements at the expense of the actual quality or value of their work. Sometimes, collecting statistics can become a substitute for a better understanding of the problems, so the use of dubious KPIs can result in progress in aims and measured effectiveness becoming different. For example, during the Vietnam War, US soldiers were shown to be effective in kill ratios and high body counts, but this was misleading when used to measure aims as it did not show the lack of