the name Dziadzio Chmiel (, with the word chmiel taken from his surname). Chmielewski believed children would be more willing to write letters to a "grandpa", than a 25-year-old he really was. In January 1949, Świat Przygód was merged with Na Tropie, a scouting magazine, to form Świat Młodych (). At the same time, the magazine ceased publishing comics, since Poland was a Stalinist socialist country at that time and comics were viewed as an American form of art. Between 1950 and 1956, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. After ending his studies in 1956, Chmielewski was thinking about becoming a poster artist, since publishing comics was still not possible. However, in the same year, following De-Stalinization in the Eastern Bloc and Gomułka's thaw in Poland itself, he decided to try drawing comics once again. Chmielewski created ten single-page episodes of Romek i A'Tomek (, Romek and Tomek being pet forms of the names Roman and Tomasz), a black-and-white comic telling the story of two boys, the title characters, who accidentally fly into space in a rocket while visiting an "astronautics exhibition". During the flight, the boys discover a talking space monkey called Tytus used for experiments. At that time, the characters' personalities were not yet developed, and the idea of humanizing Tytus as the main topic was not yet born. The comic was not published immediately, as the Świat Młodych editor in chief was initially sceptical about it, fearing – despite the thaw – that publishing a comic might cause troubles with the Main Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows (), which had the right to censor newspapers. Only after the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite on 4 October 1957, Świat Młodych decided to start publishing Romek i A'Tomek, because of its space-based storyline. The first episode debuted on the front cover of 22 October issue, although it was referred to as a "picture story" () rather than a comic. The characters became popular and Chmielewski started creating subsequent episodes (no longer set in space), under the title Tytus, Romek i A'Tomek. In 1964, he also launched the Klub Tytusa () in Świat Młodych, with humorous articles presented as written by the chimpanzee himself. Tytus, Romek i A'Tomek In early 1965, after nine years of Tytus... as a newspaper comic in episodes, Wydawnictwo Harcerskie's () director Janusz Maruszewski proposed to create