the scoring direction; passing otherwise results in a turnover. As in ultimate, turnovers also result when a disc is dropped, intercepted, goes out of bounds, or when the thrower is stalled (the thrower has five seconds to throw, the duration of which is enforced by opponents' stall count). Unlike in ultimate, a stall count may be called from anywhere on the playing field, provided it is audible to the thrower. After any turnover or score, the disc must be passed beyond the clear line before the next point may be scored. Play is continuous, with no pause after scores or clears. Most throwing and receiving rules are identical to those of ultimate. Official rules can be found here 1. However, many goaltimate communities use slight variations of the rules in based on the number of available players, field space, equipment or local tradition. Substitutions occur on-the-fly, so teams typically take the opportunity to sub immediately after gaining possession of the disc. In pick-up-play, subbing on a mistake (turnover, drop) is the usual practice. Field setup The Goaltimate field is a circle in diameter. PVC piping forms an arch (the "goal") high and wide at the base and is located at the front of the end zone. The end zone is a half-oval wide and 24 feet deep. The back of the end zone starts from one end of the playing field. A poach zone is often set up in front of the goal in order to prevent defensive players from setting up their initial defense at the goal line (which prevents Two-point throws) while the offensive team clears the disc. The poach zone is identical to the end zone and is a half-oval, wide and 24 feet deep. A Clear Line/Two-point line wide and deep at the center is located in front of the goal. The substitution box is at one side of the field. Complete instructions on how to make a PVC set with 1" PVC, couplings, 2 pieces of Rebar and a hammer are available here. A common alternate field setup which uses a rectangular field is described on the USA Goaltimate web site. Strategy Goaltimate offensive strategy mimics that of a basketball offense's half-court set. Offensive players stand to the fore of the scoring area and make streaking cuts behind the goal. Throwers attempt to either strike through the goal, or, when this is impossible, throw the