contact with Mexican authorities. The party arrived at Fort Nez Perce on 30 June and transferred to canoe-like Columbia boats. On 3 July, at The Dalles, nine men plus the wife and two sons of one of the men were drowned when their boat was caught in a whirlpool; also lost were 300 beaver pelts and all papers from the trip, including Ogden's journal. Ogden and the other survivors reached Fort Vancouver on 6 July 1830. In 1830, Ogden was sent north to establish a new HBC post named Fort Simpson near the mouth of the Nass River in British Columbia. He also managed an outpost on the south coast of Alaska. In 1834, he was promoted to Chief Factor, HBC's highest field rank. He administered Fort Vancouver in the late 1840s. There Ogden fought successfully against American fur competition and successfully negotiated with local native tribes, including the Cayuse. In 1847, Ogden averted an Indian war and successfully negotiated for the lives of 49 settlers taken as slaves by the Cayuse and Umatilla Indians after the Whitman massacre. Retirement and death Ogden retired to Oregon City, Oregon, with one of his several Native American wives. His contact with native tribes led him to write a memoir, Traits of American Indian Life and Character. By a Fur Trader. The book was published posthumously in 1855. He died in 1854 and is buried at the Mountain View Cemetery in Oregon City. His fur brigade captain's journal for his expedition of 1826-1827 has been published as Peter Skene Ogden, Snake Country Journal 1826-1827 (London: Hudson's Bay Record Society, 1967, vol. 23 ed. K.G. Davies). Legacy Places named for Peter Skene Ogden include: Ogden, Utah Ogden Valley, Utah Ogden Avenue, a street in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada Ogden Point in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Peter S. Ogden Elementary School in Vancouver, Washington Peter Skene Ogden Secondary School in 100 Mile House, British Columbia, Canada Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint in Jefferson County, Oregon SS Peter Skene Ogden, a ship laid down 18 October 1942 and launched 14 November 1942. She was torpedoed off the coast of Algeria in 1944 and was later scrapped. Peter Skene Ogden Trail in La Pine, Oregon See also Whitman massacre Owyhee River History References External links Traits of American-Indian life and character (1853) Peter Skene Ogden's Journal of His Expedition to Utah, 1825, edited by David E.