people (22.9%) aged under 15 years, 720 (17.8%) aged 15 to 29, 1,848 (45.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 561 (13.8%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 86.6% European/Pākehā, 20.2% Māori, 2.5% Pacific peoples, 3.4% Asian, and 1.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 59.5% had no religion, 26.6% were Christian, 1.9% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Hindu, 0.3% were Buddhist and 2.2% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 315 (10.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 807 (25.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 417 people (13.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,638 (52.4%) people were employed full-time, 510 (16.3%) were part-time, and 87 (2.8%) were unemployed. History Formation Around 2–3 million years ago, a large block of the crust slumped down 500–2000 metres, forming the Hauraki graben. The ancestral Waikato River often flowed through the resulting valley into the Hauraki Gulf, most recently through the Hinuera Valley some 20,000 years ago. Over time, the Hauraki Basin slowly filled up with pumice, mud and gravel. Wetlands After the last shift of the Waikato River back to the west coast, the Waihou and Piako rivers were formed. These two rivers carried silt out into the Firth of Thames or Tikapa. The plains were full of mangroves, raupo (Typha orientalis), harakeke (Phormium tenax) a dense forest of kahikatea. Most of the land was raw peat, varying in depth from a metre to more than twenty metres. It was a morass, the home of wild ducks and eels. Nevertheless, the rich flora and fauna of the plains amply provided the staples of the Māori people who lived in the region. Many areas on the banks of the Waihou River were settled by Hauraki Māori, such as Oruarangi pā and Paterangi pā near Matatoki, and the Te Raupa pā and Waiwhau pā near Paeroa. The early European colonists were attracted not necessarily by the land but by the dense forest of kahikatea. The colonists, or Pakeha, were timber millers such as the George and Martha Bagnall family who settled at Turua in 1875. As the kahikatea was felled, farmers followed onto the newly cleared land. But,