transport weapons of war; (3) refuse to be conscripted or to register; (4) consider refusing to pay taxes for war purposes — a position already adopted by some; (5) spread the idea of peacemaking and to develop non-violent methods of opposing war through various forms of non-cooperation and to advocate unilateral disarmament and economic democracy. Peacemakers were dedicated to “engaging in holy disobedience against the war-making and conscripting state.” Their primary beliefs were founded upon a modern understanding of enlightenment realism. The organization‘s political values originated from the belief that society was materialistic and autocratic. According to scholar Leilah Danielson, the organization acted on the notion that “by taking suffering upon themselves in individual and collective active disobedience, they would cut through the conformist culture of the 1950s and awaken their fellow Americans to their responsibility for the atomic and international crisis”. In the 1950s, the Peacemakers’ socio-political involvement focused on advocacy for international nuclear disarmament and the civil rights movement. The group also held close ties to the Catholic Worker Movement, The Student Christian Movement, The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the Gandhian philosophy of nonviolence. Achievements and Activism Tax Refusal During the late 1940s, the Peacemakers distributed several anti-taxation pamphlets and contributed to demonstrations towards this cause. Notably, a 1949 leaflet marked taxation as a “cancer with its roots in your purse and in your mind.” It further stated, “you pay the bills of war, you accept war jobs, you bombed Nagasaki. If you keep on doing these routine, but really immoral things, you will soon bomb hundreds of other cities.” Additionally, The "Tax Refusal Committee" of the Peacemakers is credited for founding the modern American war tax resistance movement. Peacemakers published the first guide to war tax resistance in 1963. There had been examples of organized war tax resistance in America for centuries, largely in congregations of the historic peace churches, but the Peacemakers were the first non-sectarian organized war tax, resistance group. Military Draft Resistance Peacemakers conducted an anti-conscription campaign in alliance with the War Resisters League and African American leader A. Philip Randolph. Segregation became a catalyst for Randolph’s creation of the Committee against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training in 1947. Well-known civil rights organizer and activist Bayard Rustin was appointed Executive Secretary for the Committee against Jim Crow. The Peacemakers continued its advocacy campaigns by working in collaboration with the NAACP