of digits . Each signed-digit representation has a valuation In written and spoken language Indo-Aryan languages The oral and written forms of numbers in the Indo-Aryan languages use a negative numeral (e.g., "un" in Hindi and Bengali, "un" or "unna" in Punjabi, "ekon" in Marathi) for the numbers between 11 and 90 that end with a nine. The numbers followed by their names are shown for Punjabi below (the prefix "ik" means "one"): 19 unni, 20 vih, 21 ikki 29 unatti, 30 tih, 31 ikatti 39 untali, 40 chali, 41 iktali 49 unanja, 50 panjah, 51 ikvanja 59 unahat, 60 sath, 61 ikahat 69 unattar, 70 sattar, 71 ikhattar 79 unasi, 80 assi, 81 ikiasi 89 unanve, 90 nabbe, 91 ikinnaven. Similarly, the Sesotho language utilizes negative numerals to form 8's and 9's. 8 robeli (/Ro-bay-dee/) meaning "break two" i.e. two fingers down 9 robong (/Ro-bong/) meaning "break one" i.e. one finger down Classical Latin In Classical Latin, integers 18 and 19 did not even have a spoken, nor written form including corresponding parts for "eight" or "nine" in practice - despite them being in existence. Instead, in Classic Latin, 18 = duodēvīgintī ("two taken from twenty"), (IIXX or XIIX), 19 = ūndēvīgintī ("one taken from twenty"), (IXX or XIX) 20 = vīgintī ("twenty"), (XX). For upcoming integer numerals [28, 29, 38, 39, ..., 88, 89] the additive form in the language had been much more common, however, for the listed numbers, the above form was still preferred. Hence, approaching thirty, numerals were expressed as: 28 = duodētrīgintā ("two taken from thirty"), less frequently also yet vīgintī octō / octō et vīgintī ("twenty eight / eight and twenty"), (IIXXX or XXIIX versus XXVIII, latter having been fully outcompeted.) 29 = ūndētrīgintā ("one taken from thirty") despite the less preferred form was also at their disposal. This is one of the main foundations of contemporary historians' reasoning, explaining why the subtractive I- and II- was so common in this range of cardinals compared to other ranges. Numerals 98 and 99 could also be expressed in both forms, yet "two to hundred" might have sounded a bit odd - clear evidence is the scarce occurrence of these numbers written down in a subtractive fashion in authentic sources. Finnish Language There is yet another language having this feature (by now, only in traces), however, still in active use today. This is the Finnish