between languages and dialects: "A language is a dialect with an army and navy" ("אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט", "a shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot"), but he was then explicitly quoting an auditor at one of his lectures. Publications in English: History of the Yiddish Language (Volumes 1 and 2) ed. Paul (Hershl) Glasser. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Hitler's professors: the Part of Scholarship in Germany's Crimes Against the Jewish People. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. History of the Yiddish language. trans. Shlomo Noble, with the assistance of Joshua A. Fishman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. [Footnotes omitted.] In Yiddish and German: Bilder fun der yidisher literaturgeshikhte fun di onheybn biz Mendele Moykher-Sforim, 1928. Das Jiddische Wissenschaftliche Institut ("Jiwo") die wissenschaftliche Zentralstelle des Ostjudentums, 1931. Fun beyde zaytn ployt: dos shturemdike lebn fun Uri Kovnern, dem nihilist, 1955 Geschichte der jiddischen Sprachforschung. herausgegeben von Jerold C. Frakes, 1993 Di geshikhte fun beyzn beyz, 1937. Geshikhte fun der yidisher shprakh: bagrifn, faktn, metodn, 1973. Hitlers profesorn : heylek fun der daytsher visnshaft in daytshland farbrekhns kegn yidishn folk. Nyu-York: Yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, Historishe sektsye, 1947. Mekhires-Yosef: ... aroysgenumen fun seyfer "Tam ve-yashar" un fun andere sforim ..., 1923. Der Onheyb: zamlbukh far literatur un visnshaft, redaktirt fun D. Aynhorn, Sh. Gorelik, M. Vaynraykh, 1922. Oysgeklibene shriftn, unter der redaktsye fun Shmuel Rozhanski, 1974. Der oytser fun der yidisher shprakh fun Nokhem Stutshkov; unter der redaktsye fun Maks Vaynraykh, c. 1950 Praktishe gramatik fun der yidisher shprakh F. Haylperin un M. Vaynraykh, 1929. Shtaplen fir etyudn tsu der yidisher shprakhvisnshaft un literaturgeshikhte, 1923. Shturemvint bilder fun der yidisher geshikhte in zibtsntn yorhundert Di shvartse pintelekh. Vilne: Yidisher visnshaftlekher institut, 1939. Di Yidishe visnshaft in der hayntiker tsayt. Nyu-York: 1941. References Sources David E. Fishman, The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture, University of Pittsburgh Press (2005), . Gershon David Hundert, YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, Yale University Press (2008), . 1890s births 1969 deaths People from Kuldīga People from Courland Governorate Jews from the Russian Empire Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States American people of Latvian-Jewish descent Linguists from Latvia Linguists from the United States Linguists of Yiddish History of YIVO 20th-century linguists