of collaborating. Task Analysis Goal Specification Strategy Formulation result oriented group Action processes These processes take place when the team steps to accomplish its goals and objectives. In this stage, team members keep each other informed about their progress and their responsibilities, while helping one another with certain tasks. Feedback and collaborative work continues to exist in high levels throughout this process. Monitoring progress toward goals Systems Monitoring Team Monitoring and Backup Behavior Coordination Interpersonal processes These processes are present in both action periods and transition periods, and occur between team members. This is a continuous process, in which team members must communicate any thoughts and/or feelings concerning either another team member or a manner in which a task is being performed. Furthermore, team members encourage and support each other on their individual tasks. Conflict management Motivation and Confidence building Affect Management Teamwork performance generally improves when a team passes through these processes, since processes like these enhance coordination and communication between the team members and therefore increase teamwork and collaborative work. Training to improve teamwork Overall, teamwork and performance can be enhanced through specific training that targets the individual team members and the team as a whole. Bruce Tuckman proposed a team developmental model that separated the stages of a team's lifespan and the level of teamwork for each stage: Forming This stage is described by approach/avoidance issues, as well as internal conflicts about being independent vs. wanting to be a part of the team. Team members usually tend to 'play it safe' and minimize their risk taking in case something goes wrong. Teamwork in this stage is at its lowest levels. Storming The second stage is characterized by a competition for power and authority, which is the source of most of the conflicts and doubts about the success of the team. If teamwork is low in this stage, it is very unlikely that the team will get past their conflicts. If there is a high degree of teamwork and willingness to collaborate, then the team might have a brighter future. Norming The third stage is characterized by increasing levels of solidarity, interdependence, and cohesiveness, while simultaneously making an effort to adjust to the team environment. This stage shows much higher levels of teamwork that make it easier for the above characteristics to occur. Performing This final stage of team development includes a comfortable environment in which team members