construction. Both of these approaches incorporating backscatter works well. They yield models that are slightly less dissipative with somewhat improved performance over the DLM(+). The DLM(k) model additionally yields the subgrid kinetic energy, which may be a physical quantity of interest. These improvements are achieved at a somewhat increased cost in model implementation. The Dynamic Model originated at the 1990 Summer Program of the Center for Turbulence Research (CTR) at Stanford University. A series of "CTR-Tea" seminars celebrated the 30th Anniversary of this important milestone in turbulence modeling. Structural models See also Direct numerical simulation Fluid mechanics Galilean invariance – an important property of certain types of filters Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations Turbulence Further reading Heus, T.; van Heerwaarden, C. C.;Jonker, H. J. J.; Pier Siebesma, A.; Axelsen, S.«Formulation of the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) and overview of its applications» Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 2, 30-09-2010, pàg. 415–444. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-3-415-2010. ISSN: 1991-9603. References Partial differential equations Fluid dynamics Fluid mechanics Turbulence Turbulence models Computational fluid dynamics