of 1970. The "zap" protests used by W.I.T.C.H. may have helped inspire the zap action protest tactics adopted shortly afterwards by LGBT activists, and still in use. Big Flame Big Flame was "a revolutionary socialist feminist organisation with a working-class orientation" in the United Kingdom. Founded in Liverpool in 1970, the group initially grew rapidly, with branches appearing in some other cities. Its publications emphasised that "a revolutionary party is necessary but Big Flame is not that party, nor is it the embryo of that party". The group was influenced by the Italian Lotta Continua group. The group published a magazine, Big Flame; and a journal, Revolutionary Socialism. Members were active at the Ford plants at Halewood and Dagenham and devoted a great deal of time to self-analysis and considering their relationship with the larger Trotskyist groups. In time, they came to describe their politics as libertarian Marxist. In 1978, they joined the Socialist Unity electoral coalition, led by the Trotskyist International Marxist Group. In 1980, the anarchists of the Libertarian Communist Group joined Big Flame. The Revolutionary Marxist Current also joined at about this time. However, as more members of the group defected to the Labour Party, the journal ceased to appear in 1982, and the group was wound up in about 1984. Ex-members of the group were involved in the launch of the mass-market tabloid newspaper the News on Sunday in 1987, which folded the same year. The name of the group was taken from a television play, The Big Flame (1969), written by Jim Allen and directed by Ken Loach for the BBC's Wednesday Play season. It dealt with a fictional strike and work-in at the Liverpool Docks. Theorists Johanna Brenner Barbara Ehrenreich Angela Davis Barbara Smith Audre Lorde Clara Fraser Charlotte Perkins Gilman Emma Goldman Silvia Federici Donna Haraway Leopoldina Fortunati Heidi I. Hartmann Selma James Carolyn Merchant Maria Mies Sheila Rowbotham Ariel Salleh Vandana Shiva Sylvia Walby Nellie Wong Socialist feminist groups Pan y Rosas Bread and Roses of Boston Chicago Women's Liberation Union Radical Women Freedom Socialist Party See also Anarcha-feminism Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism Ecofeminism Feminist theory History of feminism Marxist feminism Material feminism Oppressors–oppressed distinction References External links The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational Structure The socialist feminist project by Nancy Holmstrom Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76 by Gloria Martin What is Socialist