victory by Azerbaijan in its war with Armenia in 2020, "a certain 'Turan' (greater Turkic world) euphoria took hold on social media," Tanchum, a senior fellow at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy and a non-resident fellow at the Middle East Institute in Washington, said. Americas Some Pan-Turanists proposed that Native Americans may have possible genetic and linguistic connection with the Turkic and other nomadic tribes in Asia. They have pointed to Native American culture, dance, and customs as being similar to those found in Siberia and Northeast Asia, although since changed after the migration of the Native Americans from Siberia to the Americas; examples of Native American peoples whose customs are cited include the Melungeon as well as the Eskimos and the Quechuans. Pseudoscientific theories Turanism has been characterized by pseudoscientific theories. According to other opinions the scientific work of the scholar members (like Jenő Cholnoky, Lajos Ligeti, Zoltán Felvinczi Takács and others) of the Hungarian Turanian Society belonged to the frontline of the scientific life of the era. According to the Turanian or Ural-Altaic kinship theories, "Turanians" include Bulgarians, Estonians, Mongols, Finns and Turks. Though the underlying scientific theories are widely questioned or rejected in contemporary scholarship, Turanism still has extensive support in certain Turkic-speaking countries. Referred to as Pseudo-Turkologists, these scholars stamp all Eurasian nomads and major civilizations in history as being of Turkic or Turanian origin. In such countries, Turanism has served as a form of national therapy, helping its proponents cope with the failures of the past. See also Altaic language Division of the Mongol Empire Eurasianism Gog and Magog Greater Finland Great Kurultáj Heimosodat Racism-Turanism trials Sun Language Theory Tartary Turan Group Turco-Mongols Turkic migration Uralic neopaganism References and notes Further reading Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. Farrokh, Kaveh (2005) Pan-Turanianism takes aim at Azerbaijan: A geopolitical agenda. Landau, J.M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: Hurst. Lewis, B. (1962). The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Oxford University Press. Lewis, B. (1998). The Multiple identities of the Middle East. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Paksoy, H.B. (1991). ‘Basmachi’: TurkestanNational Liberation Movement 1916-1930s. In Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union (Vol 4). Florida: Academic International Press. ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. PAKSOY | CARRIE Books Pekesen, Berna (2019), Pan-Turkism, EGO - European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, retrieved: March