of the city in September, 1939 though their defensive strength was vastly reduced due to advances in military technology. Today many of the forts are still in existence, but some were built over and no trace of them remains. At present the city lacks a unified concept for their use, though their historical value is recognized. They are mostly not maintained and hence not open to the public for sightseeing. Only the Citadel and some of its adjacent forts are well maintained and open to tourists. External links 1:25,000 German map from 1914, with the fortifications of the fortress highlighted: NW segment NE segment SE segment SW segment Fortress Warsaw Governorate