two phases. Each successive phase will both increase the scope of the program and refine the requirements for data collection. Phase 1 In July 2004 the award guidelines were issued. Applications were due in October and awardees were announced the following March. The first phase took newspapers from a small subset of the states, limited to 1900 through 1910. After using this phase to improve technical requirements and specifications, the program was opened to other awardees in Phase 2. The awardees for Phase 1 are: University of California, Riverside University of Florida Libraries, Gainesville University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington New York Public Library, New York City University of Utah, Salt Lake City Library of Virginia, Richmond The General-access Phase 1 website prototype was implemented in March 2007 and that May it was announced that phase 1 was completed. Phase 2 Phase 2 of NDNP expanded grants to an additional group of institutions. Awards granted in 2007 and 2008 included the following institutions: Arizona State Library, Archives and Records Management University of Hawaii Minnesota Historical Society University of Nebraska, Lincoln University of North Texas Ohio Historical Society, Columbus Pennsylvania State University State Historical Society of Missouri Washington State Library Program Technology Participants must follow the technical guidelines laid out in a 64-page PDF. The technology for the NDNP digital repository is being built using largely open source software, including: Apache Cocoon Apache Lucene Gentoo Linux Fedora Digital objects are stored in .TIFF 6.0, .JPEG 2000, and .PDF formats. Metadata is provided in the METS/MODS version of XML and XML provides the basis for larger hierarchical structures as well. Alternatives The scanning efforts of the government entity have been dwarfed by newspapers.com and newspaperarchive.com which as of March 2018 claim to each have scanned more than 350 million pages. Publishers, libraries and historical organizations find the private sector faster, less complicated and cheaper than the National Digital Newspaper Program. Both private organizations charge readers to read, but do not charge publishers to scan items. See also United States Newspaper Program Trove References External links National Endowment for the Humanities Library of Congress New York Public Library Bruce Cole introducing the NDNP to the Organization of America Historians Utah Digital Newspapers Chronicling America Florida Digital Newspaper Library Florida & Puerto Rico Digital Newspaper Project Texas Digital Newspaper Collections Newspapercat: a catalog of digitized historical newspapers. Archives in the United States Newspapers published in