is a contrarian school of thought, since he has discarded the essentials of Jungian psychology. The term “archetypal” gives the impression that his school is based on Jung's understanding of the archetype. Yet, Walter Odajnyk argues that Hillman should have called his school “imaginal” psychology, since it is really based on Hillman's understanding of the imagination. Hillman has also rejected individuation, central to Jungian psychology. Wolfgang Giegerich argues that Hillman's work exists in a “bubble of irreality” outside time. It's a form of “static Platonism” impervious to developmental change. In Hillman's psychology, the “immunisation of the imaginal from the historical process has become inherent in its very form.” Hillman considers his work as an expression of the “puer aeternus”, the eternal youth of fairy tale who lives in an eternal dream-state, resistant to growing up. Yet, David Tacey maintains that denial of the maturational impulse will only lead to it happening anyway but in a negative form. He holds that Hillman's model was “unmade” by the missing developmental element of his thought: “By throwing out the heroic pattern of consciousness, and the idea of individuation, Hillman no longer appealed to most psychologists or therapists. By transgressing professional ethics, he no longer appealed to training institutes.” Marie-Louise von Franz regards identification with the puer aeternus as a neurosis belonging to the narcissistic spectrum. Against this, Hillman has argued that the puer is not under the sway of a mother complex but that it is best seen in relation to the senex or father archetype. However, Tacey says that the puer cannot be dissociated from the mother by intellectual reconfiguration. “If these figures are archetypally bound, why would intellectual trickery separate them?” The wrenching of the puer from the mother to the father is “a display of intellectual deceit, for a self-serving purpose.” Bibliography A Blue Fire - Selected Writings By James Hillman, Harper-perennial; Later Printing edition (2010) City and Soul, Uniform Edition, Vol. 2 (Spring Publications, 2006) Senex and Puer, Uniform Edition, Vol. 3 (Spring Publications, 2006) Archetypal Psychology, Uniform Edition, Vol. 1 (Spring Publications, 2004. Original 1983.) A Terrible Love of War (2004) The Force of Character (Random House, New York, 1999) The Soul's Code: In Search of Character and Calling (1997) Dream Animals, (with Margot McLean). (Chronicle Books, 1997) Kinds of Power: A Guide to its Intelligent Uses (1995) Healing Fiction (Spring Publications, 1994. Original 1983.) We've Had a