The Daphné-class submarine was a class of the diesel-electric powered submarines designed and constructed by the French defense contractor, DCNS, for the French Navy in 1964. Marketed by the French government for the export market, the Daphné design went on to serve in South Africa while there were subclasses based on the Daphné design that were commissioned in the navies of Pakistan, Portugal, and Spain. History These submarines were enlarged versions of the . Eleven were used by France. Boats of this design were sold to several other countries: Pakistan (3), Portugal (4), South Africa (3) and Spain (4). However, two ( 1970 and 1968) sank accidentally and brought sales to an end. The cause was eventually considered to have been a faulty snorkel design. The submarines were scrapped in the 1990s and Portugal sold one of its boats to Pakistan. sank the Indian frigate during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war. Pakistan has now retired the submarine and is replacing it. Design features Besides its eight torpedo tubes forward, this submarine class has four in the stern. All are for torpedoes of the French diameter; while the forward tubes hold full-length torpedoes (either against ship either against submarine), the stern tubes hold only shortened ones (only against submarine, in autodefense). The forward diving planes are located below the midplane of the hull. Unlike those of modern German submarines, which are similarly located, they function by tilting and cannot retract; neither do they fold. Ships French Navy S641 Daphné – completed 1964,decommissioned 1989 S642 Diane – completed 1964, decommissioned 1989 S643 Doris – completed 1964, decommissioned 1994 S644 – completed 1964 – lost in an accident on 4 March 1970 S645 Flore – completed 1964, decommissioned 1989, preserved as museum ship in Lorient, France S646 Galatée – completed 1964, decommissioned 1991 S647 – completed 1964, lost in an accident on 27 January 1968 S648 Junon – completed 1966, decommissioned 1996 S649 Vénus – completed 1966, decommissioned 1990 S650 Psyché – completed 1970, decommissioned 1996 S651 Sirène – completed 1970, decommissioned 1996 Pakistan Navy The Pakistan Navy Hangor-class was formed of three submarines built in France and one acquired from Portugal in the mid-1970s S131 – completed 1970, decommissioned 2006 and placed in Pakistan Maritime Museum S132 – completed 1970, decommissioned 2006 S133 – completed 1970, decommissioned 2006 S134 - Portuguese Cachalote acquired in 1975, decommissioned 2006 Portuguese Navy The four s of