the spread of Islam. In this way, they created a large literature in regional languages that embedded Islamic culture deeply into older South Asian traditions. Intra-Muslim relations Shia–Sunni relations The Sunnis and Shia are the biggest Muslim groups by denomination. Although the two groups remain cordial, there have been instances of conflict between the two groups, especially in the city of Lucknow. Society and Culture Religious administration The religious administration of each state is headed by the Mufti of the State under the supervision of the Grand Mufti of India, the most senior, most influential religious authority and spiritual leader of Muslims in India. The system is executed in India from the Mughal period. Muslim institutes There are several well established Muslim institutions in India. Here is a list of reputed institutions established by Muslims in India. Modern universities and institutes Al-Ameen Educational Society Aliah University Aligarh Muslim University Jamia Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya Ma'dinu Ssaquafathil Islamiyya B. S. Abdur Rahman University Darul Huda Islamic University Darul Uloom Deoband Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama Farook College, Kozhikode Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences Integral University Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli Hamdard University, Delhi Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi M.S.S. Wakf Board College, Madurai (The only college in India run by a State Wakf Board) Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College, Pulikkal, Malappuram Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University Patna Bihar Maulana Azad College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad Muslim Educational Association of Southern India Muslim Educational Society, Kerala National College of Engineering, Tirunelveli Osmania University, Hyderabad Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, Tirurangadi Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam Karim City College, Jamshedpur Traditional Islamic universities Al Jamea tus Saifiyah, Bohra Al Jamiatul Ashrafia, Barelvi Jamia Darussalam, Oomerabad Al-Jame-atul-Islamia, Uttar Pradesh Jamia Nizamia, Hyderabad Manzar-e-Islam, Bareilly Raza Academy Sunni Cultural Center, Karanthur, Kerala Leadership and organisations The Ajmer Sharif Dargah and Dargah-e-Ala Hazrat at Bareilly Shareef are prime center of Sufi oriented Sunni Muslims of India. Indian Shia Muslims form a substantial minority within the Muslim community of India comprising between 25 and 31% of total Muslim population in an estimation done during mid-2005 to 2006 of the then Indian Muslim population of 157 million. Sources like The Times of India and DNA reported Indian Shia population during that period between 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 of 157,000,000 Indian Muslim population. The Deobandi movement, another section of the