rarely successful. The rest of the fragments should generally be stabilised first, and vitreous prevented from entering the anterior chamber. Removal of the fragments may be best referred to a vitreoretinal specialist. Failure to aspirate all lens fragments, leaving some in the anterior chamber. Incisional burns are caused by overheating of the phacoemulsification tip when ultrasonic power continues while the irrigation or aspiration lines are blocked, as the flow through these lines is used to keep the tip cool. Burns to the incision may make closure difficult and can cause corneal astigmatism. After surgery Complications after cataract surgery are relatively uncommon. PVD – Posterior vitreous detachment does not directly threaten vision. Even so, it is of increasing interest because the interaction between the vitreous body and the retina might play a decisive role in the development of major pathologic vitreoretinal conditions. PVD may be more problematic with younger patients, since many patients older than 60 have already gone through PVD. PVD may be accompanied by peripheral light flashes and increasing numbers of floaters. Some people develop a posterior capsular opacification (PCO), also called an after-cataract. As a physiological change expected after cataract surgery, the posterior capsular cells undergo hyperplasia and cellular migration, showing up as a thickening, opacification and clouding of the posterior lens capsule (which is left behind when the cataract was removed, for placement of the IOL). This may compromise visual acuity and can be safely and painlessly corrected using a laser device to make small holes in the posterior lens capsule of the crystalline. It usually is a quick outpatient procedure that uses a Nd-YAG laser (neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet) to disrupt and clear the central portion of the opacified posterior pole of the capsule (posterior capsulotomy). This creates a clear central visual axis for improving visual acuity. In very thick opacified posterior capsules, a surgical (manual) capsulectomy may be needed. A posterior capsulotomy is a factor which must be taken in consideration in the event of IOL replacement as vitreous can migrate toward the anterior chamber through the opening previously occluded by the IOL. Posterior capsule opacification has an incidence of about 0.3% to 28.4%. Retinal detachment normally occurs at a prevalence of 1 in 1,000 (0.1%), but patients who have had cataract surgery are at an increased risk (0.5–0.6%) of developing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)the most common form of retinal detachment. Cataract surgery speeds up the rate of