vitreous humor liquefaction and this leads to increased rates of RRD. When a retinal tear occurs, vitreous liquid enters the space between the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and presents as flashes of light (photopsia), dark floaters, and loss of peripheral vision. Toxic anterior segment syndrome or TASS is a non-infectious inflammatory condition that may occur following cataract surgery. It is usually treated with topical corticosteroids in high dosage and frequency. Endophthalmitis is a serious infection of the intraocular tissues, usually following intraocular surgery complications, or penetrating trauma, and one of the most severe. It is rare in cataract surgery due to the use of prophylactic antibiotics There is some concern that the clear cornea incision might predispose to the increase of endophthalmitis but there is no conclusive study to corroborate this suspicion. An intracameral injection of antibiotics may be used as a preventive measure. A meta-analysis showed the incidence of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification to be 0.092%. The risk is higher with diabetes, advanced age, larger incision procedures, and vitreous communication with the anterior chamber due to posterior capsule rupture, The risk of vitreous infection is at least six times higher than for the aqueous. Typical presentation is within two weeks after the procedure with decreased visual acuity, red-eye, and pain. Hypopyon occurs about 80% of the time. Common infective agents include coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus in about 80% of infections. Management includes vitreous humor tap and injection of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Outcomes can be severe even with treatment, and may range from permanently decreased visual acuity to no light perception, depending on the microbiological etiology. Glaucoma may occur and it may be very difficult to control. It is usually associated with inflammation, especially when little fragments or chunks of the nucleus get access to the vitreous cavity. Some experts recommend early intervention by posterior pars plana vitrectomy when this condition occurs. In most cases raised post-operative intraocular pressure is transient and benign, usually returning to baseline within 24 hours without intervention. Glaucoma patients may experience further visual field loss or a loss of fixation, and are more likely to experience pressure spikes. Secondary glaucoma is an important complication of surgery for congenital cataracts. It can occur several years after the cataract surgery, so these patients need lifelong surveillance. Mechanical pupillary block; shallowing of the anterior chamber by obstruction of the flow of aqueous humor flow through the pupil