man with an impeccable talent who unwaveringly held on to his artistic principles and did that with great integrity and dignity." South Africa's Pallo Jordan, Minister of Arts and Culture, went further in eulogizing Sembène as "a well rounded intellectual and an exceptionally cultured humanist...an informed social critic [who] provided the world with an alternative knowledge of Africa." Works Books Le Docker noir (novel) – Paris: Debresse, 1956; new edition Présence Africaine, 2002; trans. as The Black Docker, London: Heinemann, 1987. O Pays, mon beau peuple! (novel) – 1957 Les bouts de bois de Dieu (novel) – 1960; trans. as God's Bits of Wood, London: Heinemann, 1995. Voltaïque (short stories) – Paris: Présence Africaine, 1962; trans. as Tribal Scars, Washington: INSCAPE, 1975. L’Harmattan (novel) – Paris: Présence Africaine, 1964. Le mandat, précédé de Vehi-Ciosane – Paris: Présence Africaine, 1966; trans. as The Money-Order with White Genesis, London: Heinemann, 1987. Xala, Paris: Présence Africaine, 1973. Le dernier de l'Empire (novel) – L'Harmattan, 1981; trans. as The Last of the Empire, London: Heinemann, 1983; "a key to Senegalese politics" – Werner Glinga. Niiwam – Paris: Présence Africaine, 1987; trans. as Niiwam and Taaw: Two Novellas (Oxford and Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992). Selected filmography Borom Sarret (1963) Niaye (1964) La Noire de...(1966) Mandabi (1968) Emitaï (1971) Xala (1975) Ceddo (1977) Camp de Thiaroye (1988) Guelwaar (1992) Faat Kiné (2000) Moolaadé (2004) Further reading Annas, Max & Busch, Annett: Ousmane Sembene: Interviews. University Press, Mississippi, 2008. Adeniyi, Idowu Emmanuel. "Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane’s God’s Bits of Wood and Flora Nwapa’s Efuru." Ibadan Journal of English Studies 7 (2019):57-72. Gadjigo, Samba. Ousmane Sembène: Dialogues with Critics and Writers. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. Mumin, Nijla. Caméras d’Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview). IndieWire, October 4, 2013. Murphy, David. Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene. Oxford: Africa World Press Inc., 2001. Niang, Sada. Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1996. Niang, Sada & Samba Gadjigo. "Interview with Ousmane Sembene." Research in African Literatures 26:3 (Fall 1995): 174–178. Pfaff, Françoise. The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Rubaba, Protas Pius. "The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta)." Nelson Mandela Metropolitan