the Eastern Judicial District of Manitoba. On July 4, 1924, he became a Senior County Court Judge. As a judge, Stubbs often provoked controversy with Manitoba and Canada governments. A strict temperance man himself, Stubbs insisted that the province's prohibition laws be followed to the letter. He also rendered several judgments that excoriated the capitalist system, lamenting the punishment of petty criminals while corrupt plutocrats operated above the law. Stubbs was also criticized by some in government for granting unduly lenient sentences. In 1932 he was the subject of a Royal Commission of inquiry into his judicial conduct. Many regarded the inquiry as a politically motivated farce. Stubbs was found guilty of judicial misbehaviour. The final report indicated that he was temperamentally unfit to hold office. Though removed from the bench, his cause was supported by many ordinary Manitobans, particularly those on the political left. In late 1933, Stubbs ran for the House of Commons of Canada a second time, this time for the newly formed Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in the Saskatchewan riding of Mackenzie. He was the first CCF-er to run for federal office. His candidacy was opposed by others on the left, and the United Farmers's Unity League ran a candidate against him. Stubbs was also criticized for bringing his personal controversies into the campaign. His religious beliefs were questioned by some (originally an Anglican, Stubbs became a secular humanist in later years). His former ally William Lyon MacKenzie King campaigned against him. Stubbs was defeated by Liberal John Angus MacMillan by 1614 votes. Notwithstanding this setback, Stubbs ran as an Independent candidate in Manitoba's 1936 provincial election. He ran in the riding of Winnipeg, which at the time elected ten members by Single transferable voting. His popular support was massive. He received a record 24,815 votes on the first count, more than three times what was needed to be declared elected and almost 20,000 more than his nearest opponent, Communist James Litterick. Stubbs was a member of the left-opposition in parliament, opposing the Liberal-Progressive government of John Bracken. Although frequently a political ally of Litterick, he was unwilling to follow political directives from the U.S.S.R. and never entertained the possibility of joining the Communist Party. He supported the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion in the Spanish Civil War, and often dismissed the CCF as an ineffective opposition. There were rumours that Stubbs would run in the 1940 federal election against