Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, ) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s. Geography Livingston Island is situated in West Antarctica northwest of Cape Roquemaurel on the Antarctic mainland, south-southeast of Cape Horn in South America, southeast of the Diego Ramírez Islands (the southernmost land of South America), due south of the Falkland Islands, southwest of South Georgia Islands, and from the South Pole. The island is part of the South Shetlands archipelago, an islands chain extending in east-northeast to west-southwest direction, and separated from the nearby Antarctic Peninsula by Bransfield Strait, and from South America by the Drake Passage. The South Shetlands cover a total land area of (late 20th-century estimate; the current figure might be somewhat less than that due to coastal change), comprising (from east to west) the eleven principal islands of Clarence, Elephant, King George, Nelson, Robert, Greenwich, Livingston, Deception, Snow, Low and Smith, and a number of minor islands, islets and rocks. Livingston is separated from neighbouring Greenwich Island to the east by the wide McFarlane Strait, and from Snow Island to the west-southwest by the wide Morton Strait. Deception Island, situated in Bransfield Strait barely southwest of Livingston's Barnard Point, is an active volcano last erupting in 1967, 1969 and 1970 whose flooded caldera forms the by sheltered harbour of Port Foster entered by a single wide passage known as Neptune's Bellows. There are several extinct volcanoes on Livingston Island itself that were active in the Quaternary, such as Rezen Knoll, Gleaner Heights, Edinburgh Hill and Inott Point. The island extends from Start Point in the west to Renier Point in the east, its width varying from at the neck between South Bay and Hero Bay to between Botev Point to the south and Williams Point to the north. Livingston is the second largest island in the archipelago after King George, with surface area of (early 21st-century estimate; the current figure might be somewhat smaller due to coastal