many years been considered the only viable approach to long-term preservation of digital objects. Reproducing brittle newspapers onto microfilm is an example of such migration. Disadvantages Migration addresses the possible obsolescence of the data carrier, but does not address the fact that certain technologies which run the data may be abandoned altogether, leaving migration useless. Time-consuming – migration is a continual process, which must be repeated every time a medium reaches obsolescence, for all data objects stored on a certain media. Costly – an institution must purchase additional data storage media at each migration. See also Data conversion Data curation Data preservation Data transformation Digital preservation Extract, transform, load (ETL) System migration References External links Data management