well known by 2010, it was unknown how many of these birds were actively breeding. During the 2010 season, 114 nests and probable nests were counted. As each nest represents two actively breeding birds, this indicates that 20.3% of the population was actively breeding each season, which is comparable to other similar parrot species. This would also indicate that there were at least 228 mature individuals at the time, assuming maturity was defined as those individuals which were successful at breeding, and would indicate that by 2018, some 340 birds would be reproductively active adults. Of the nests which were monitored, some 80% of the nests showed successful reproduction, which is quite high compared to other parrots. Threats As well as habitat loss, Lear's macaw may have historically suffered from hunting, and more recently, trapping for the aviary trade in the 1990s. Funding and conservation actions Fundação Biodiversitas bought and created the Canudos Biological Station in 1991 to protect the sandstone cliffs of Toca Velha used by the macaws to roost and nest. Canudos Biological Station was expanded in 2007, partially with funding by the American Bird Conservancy, from to . Two protected areas, designated by the Brazilian government in 2001, conserve portions of the range: Raso da Catarina Ecological Station (, administered by ICMBio), and Serra Branca / Raso da Catarina Environmental Protection Area (, administered by the Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, the state agency of Bahia tasked with the environment). This latter area contains both the privately owned Canudos Biological Station where Toca Velha is located, and the privately owned Serra Branca ranch, which contains the majority of the nest and roost sites. Current Lear's macaw conservation projects are managed under the authority of IBAMA. Various independent conservation organizations, under direction of ICMBio, along with local ranchers, are working to help conserve the species. In 1992 the 'Special Working Group for the Preservation of the Lear's Macaw' was created. In 1997 the 'Committee for the Preservation of the Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari)' was formed. In 1999 this committee was amalgamated with that of A. hyacinthinus and was renamed 'The Committee for the Recovery and Management of the Anodorhynchus leari Lear's Macaw and Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaw'. The 'Committee for the Conservation and Management of the Lear's Macaw' advises IBAMA on the conservation of Lear's macaw. The committee includes Brazilian and international organizations and individuals. Aviculture