→ mawḍūʿiyy (objective). Still other uses of this function can be a bit further from the root: ishtirāk (cooperation) → ishtirākiyy (socialist). The common pronunciation of the final is most often pronounced as or . A form similar to but distinguished from yāʾ is the () "limited/restricted alif", with the form . It indicates a final long . Alif maqṣūrah Perso-Arabic ye In the Persian alphabet, the letter is generally called ye following Persian-language custom. In its final form, the letter does not have dots (), much like the Arabic or, more to the point, much like the custom in Egypt, Sudan and sometimes Maghreb. On account of this difference, Perso-Arabic ye is located at a different Unicode code point than both of the standard Arabic letters. In computers, the Persian version of the letter automatically appears with two dots initially and medially: (). In Kashmiri, it uses a ring instead of dots below (ؠ) (). Returned yāʾ In different calligraphic styles like the Hijazi script, Kufic, and Nastaʿlīq script, a final yāʾ might have a particular shape with the descender turned to the right (), called ("returned, recurred yāʾ"), either with two dots or without them. In Urdu this is called baṛī ye ("big ye"), but is an independent letter used for /ɛː, eː/ and differs from the basic ye (choṭī ye, "little ye"). For this reason the letter has its own code point in Unicode. Nevertheless, its initial and medial forms are not different from the other ye (practically baṛī ye is not used in these positions). Character encodings References External links Phoenician alphabet Hebrew letters Vowel letters