who confronted and restrained or blocked the shooter or talked the shooter into surrender. Four stops involved citizens with firearms permits: two exchanged gunfire with a shooter and two detained the shooter at gunpoint for arrest by responding police. Of the two failed stops, one involved a permit holder who exchanged gunfire with the shooter but the shooter fled and continued shooting and the other involved a permit holder who was wounded by the shooter. "Armed and unarmed citizens engaged the shooter in 10 incidents. They safely and successfully ended the shootings in eight of those incidents. Their selfless actions likely saved many lives." See also American gun ownership Concealed carry Defensive gun use Gun control Gun politics in the United States Overview of gun laws by nation Self-defense References External links NRA-ILA guide to gun laws A guide to gun laws and reciprocity Concealed Carry Reciprocity Maps U.S. Concealed Carry Association Licenses Gun politics in the United States Self-defense United States firearms law