established by law, and there is no way in which the Executive can interfere with that right in a manner to affect the independence of the individual judge) administrative independence (which is the control by the courts over the administrative decisions that bear directly and immediately on the exercise of the judicial function) In addition, there are two dimensions of judicial independence: the individual independence of a judge, and the institutional or collective independence of the court or tribunal of which that judge is a member The relationship between these two aspects of judicial independence is that an individual judge may enjoy the essential conditions of judicial independence but if the court or tribunal over which the judge presides is not independent of the other branches of government, in what is essential to its function, the judge cannot be said to be an independent tribunal. With respect to its applicability to protecting the financial security of judges' salaries, the following principles were stated: salaries of provincial courts may be varied, but only after undertaking an independent, effective, and objective process by an independent body; under no circumstances is it permissible for the judiciary — not only collectively through representative organizations, but also as individuals — to engage in negotiations over remuneration with the executive or representatives of the legislature; any reductions to judicial remuneration, including de facto reductions through the erosion of judicial salaries by inflation, cannot take those salaries below a basic minimum level of remuneration which is required for the office of a judge. Inherent versus statutory jurisdiction Courts of inherent jurisdiction The superior courts from the provinces and territories are courts of inherent jurisdiction, which means that the jurisdiction of the superior courts is more than just what is conferred by statute. Following the principles of English common law, because the superior courts derive their authority from the Constitution, they can hear any matter unless there is a federal or provincial statute that says otherwise or that gives exclusive jurisdiction to some other court or tribunal. The doctrine of inherent jurisdiction gives superior courts greater freedom than statutory courts to be flexible and creative in the delivering of legal remedies and relief. Statutory courts The Supreme Court of Canada, the federal courts, the various appellate courts from the provinces and territories, and the numerous low-level provincial courts are statutory courts whose decision-making power is granted by either