relied on bone regrowth (Austin-Moore, Ring). The choice of alloy, bearing material, attachment and detailed geometry has led to the wide variety of prosthesis designs available today. The London Science Museum has a collection of hip prostheses which reflect developments in the US, UK and elsewhere. These show the use of different materials and different designs for different circumstances (e.g. cemented and uncemented arthroplasty.) Some are on display in the museum's "Medicine: The Wellcome Galleries". The items include: Prosthesis from 1960: The "Gosset-style" prosthesis was first introduced in 1949, although the specific example was made by Lusterlite Ltd of Leeds in 1960. It has a perspex "ball" and simple rod-like shaft made of nickel-plated stainless-steel. Examples of prostheses from 1970 to 1985: Examples provided by Ipswich Hospital, UK are made of Vitallium (Co/Cr alloy) with curved standard or slender femoral stems. One example has a studded cup. Examples of prostheses from the 1990s: Examples, some of which were developed at the Redhill Group of Hospitals and Dorking Hospital, include a ringed titanium hip prosthesis with a screw stem and porous cup, a modular hip prosthesis with a textured femoral stem to aid bone grafting (material unspecified), two Thompson-type prostheses made of Vitallium alloy and an Austin Moore type prosthesis (material unspecified), with a porous metal femoral stem. Example of acetabular cup prosthesis from 1998: Example of a prosthetic socket, from Sulzer Orthopedics Inc., is the Inter-Op Hemispherical Shell. This is made from materials not recognised by the human body, so the body's immune system does not attack and reject the joint. Examples of prostheses from 2006: Examples made by Smith & Nephew Orthopedics include an "Anthology" titanium prosthesis, which has a flat-tapered stem placed in the thigh bone, and an "Echelon" (cobalt-chrome prosthesis for both cementless and cemented arthroplasty. Both have porous coating to promote bone adhesion. The Science Museum's collection also includes specialised surgical tools for hip operations: Instrument sets made by Downs Ltd for the City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals UK. Tools include head punches, reamers, drills and rasps. Prototype oscillating bone saws made by Kenneth Dobbie in the 1960s. Dobbie was electrical engineer at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK. He worked closely with the hip surgeon Sir John Charnley to develop the saws eventually leading to a commercial product made by De Soutter Brothers Ltd. Other animals See also 2010 DePuy Hip Recall Abductor wedge