for targeting upstream MAPKs, such as ASK1. Studies in animal models of inflammatory arthritis have yielded promising results, and ASK1 has recently been found to be unique amongst the MAPKs in that it is inducible by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. See also Signal transduction MAP kinase kinase MAP kinase kinase kinase MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase MAPK1 (ERK2) MAPK3 (ERK1) MAPK7 (ERK5) MAPK8 (JNK1) MAPK9 (JNK2) MAPK10 (JNK3) MAPK11 (p38-beta) MAPK12 (p38-gamma) MAPK13 (p38-delta) MAPK14 (p38-alpha) MAPK4 (ERK4: atypical MAPK) MAPK6 (ERK3: atypical MAPK) MAPK15 (ERK7/ERK8: atypical MAPK) NLK (Nemo-like kinase: atypical MAPK) ERK1/2 kinases ERK1/2 pathway JNK kinases p38 MAP kinases MEKK2 (MAP3K2) ASK1 (MAP3K5) References External links MAP Kinase Resource . Table of names for mitogen-activated kinases. MAPK cascade picture Model of MAPK ultrasensitivity in BioModels Database Drosophila rolled – The Interactive Fly Protein kinases Signal transduction EC 2.7.11 Aging-related enzymes Anti-aging substances