routine exercise. The vessel again sank, and this time all eight crew members were killed, including Hunley himself. The vessel was later raised and used again in 1864 in the first successful sinking of an enemy vessel () by a submarine in naval history. The operation was also fateful for H. L. HUNLEY herself, which sank a third time, and for the second time losing all hands. Upon recovery of the submarine and associated artifacts, it was discovered that the spar torpedo exploded while still attached to the spar. The system was designed to have the submarine ram the torpedo barb into the hull, back off to a safe distance, then activate the ignition via a long-length of rope. The submarine was never intended to be that close to the explosion and probably suffered significant structural damage, which contributed to her loss. Horace Lawson Hunley was buried with full military honors at Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston, South Carolina, on November 8, 1863. References Bibliography External links Friends of the Hunley 1823 births 1863 deaths 19th-century American engineers American marine engineers Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War Confederate States Navy officers Inventors killed by their own invention People from Sumner County, Tennessee Submarine pioneers Deaths due to shipwreck Burials at Magnolia Cemetery (Charleston, South Carolina)