case. Megafauna extinctions that are most consistent with human activity in North America are of the Columbian mammoth, horses and saber-toothed cat. Humans directly impacted mammoth and horse species by overhunting, while Smilodon was pushed to extinction indirectly by humans overhunting of their prey. There are two species of megafauna whose extinctions appear to have no link to human hunting, they are the Shasta ground sloth and mastodon. Alaska Alaska is situated in the northwesternmost part of North America. Megafauna disappeared from these higher latitudes generally earlier than the rest of North America. This means that the megafauna in the region either went extinct locally or migrated south as a result of the YD cooling event. Megafauna species disappeared from Alaska approximately 1000 to 4000 years before there was significant human presence in Alaska, indicating that their demise likely resulted from climate change. The Great Lakes region Megafauna species disappeared from Great Lakes Region considerably more recently than in higher latitudes, like Alaska. Additionally, the first appearances of humans were considerably earlier for this region compared to other regions in North America. Due to the overlaps of these two appearances, it has been suggested from the fossil record that humans and megafauna overlapped in the region for 7000 years. However, the presence of humans does not mean that the megafauna extinction event in the region was solely attributed to human impacts. There has been significant evidence into the cause of extinction in this area being related to the fact that both climate change and human impacts hit simultaneously. The West/Pacific coast The Pacific Coast was one of the region where early indigenous peoples first migrated. This is due to the fact that humans may have migrated further south from Alaska through a pathway that went along the Pacific Coast. However, there appears to have been little overlap between humans and megafauna species in these regions. One potential for this could be due to poor sampling due to sea-level rise that could have “obscured older coastal sites”. Indigenous knowledge of Pleistocene megafauna Indigenous knowledge of Pleistocene megafauna has survived via oral tradition and representations such as petroglyphs. The Cayuse people of the Pacific Northwest has oral traditions and a dance centered around a story of mammoths migrating into their land. On the Umatilla Indian Reservation, where the Cayuse people lived historically and today, two mammoth teeth were discovered during construction of