Germans in reprisal. Field organization GL was divided into partisan units and garrison units assembled for quick ambushes, after which the garrison members returned to their homes. By the end of 1942 GL had approximately 5,000 men, including, at least nominally, every member of the Polish Workers' Party. By late 1943 the number rose to about 10,000. Among them approximately 1,700 were partisans, and the rest were part-time combatants. For the most part, the GL carried out acts of sabotage, including the sabotage of German rail transport. Zamość Uprising GL took part in the Zamość uprising - a series of partisan actions against the forced Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany from the Zamość region. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Since the formation of GL, its soldiers worked together with Jewish partisans. In Warsaw, Polish communists like Józef Lewartowski were ones of the first organizers of the Jewish resistance in Warsaw Ghetto. During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising People's Guard attacked German units near the Ghetto walls and attempted to smuggle weapons, ammunition, supplies, and instructions into the Ghetto. After the uprising was over, GL helped Jews to escape Ghetto and some Jewish militants joined the units of GL. Transformation On 1 January 1944, by a decree of the Krajowa Rada Narodowa, the communist government installed by Stalin, the Gwardia Ludowa became a part of the newly formed Armia Ludowa. Commanders The prominent commanders and GL chiefs of staff were Marian Spychalski, Franciszek Jóźwiak, Franciszek Zubrzycki, and Mieczysław Moczar who played a prominent role in the history of the Polish People's Republic after the war's end; known for his ultra-nationalist and xenophobic attitude. Controversies Gwardia Ludowa (GL) was commanded by the head of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR). The first commander was Bolesław Mołojec. After his execution at the end of 1942 by his own communist peers from the Polish Workers' Party, he was succeeded by Franciszek Jóźwiak. However, because of the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland in 1939–41, the Polish underground resistance never fully developed in the territories around the prewar Lwów Voivodeship area. In 1943, the command of partisan movement in General Government was passed to the Soviet partisans by Moscow. The Gwardia Ludowa military wing of PPR (with which Parczew partisans aligned themselves, for the weapons), engaged in robberies and terror expeditions aimed at local domination over the competing political structures. On one occasion, the unit of Gwardia Ludowa commanded