aimed to secure Libya's participation in the Riyadh summit but ultimately failed. Libya's absence has also been attributed to a public quarrel that al-Gaddafi had with King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia in 2003 over the United States military presence in the region. Gaddafi would later go on to once again publicly reject the Arab Peace Initiative, stating: "The Arab initiative is nothing more than an Arab scheme, these massacres (in Gaza) were caused because of it. It has encouraged the enemy to do it. We should be ashamed of such proposals." The negotiations The main areas of discussion in the summit: The Israeli–Palestinian conflict A resolution to tensions in Iraq Israeli–Palestinian conflict The 19th annual Arab League summit reaffirmed the Arab Peace Initiative first adopted in 2002 (also known as the Beirut Declaration). Arab leaders at the summit urged Israel to accept this initiative. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal said that the plan would have a strong chance of winning international support and of reviving Israeli–Arab peace talks if adopted unanimously by all Arab leaders. The plan, moreover, set up a mechanism to promote the peace plan that would pave the way for Arab countries with no ties to Israel, including Saudi Arabia, to open channels of communications with the Jewish state—a longtime goal for various presidential administrations in the United States. The peace initiative, as Middle Eastern scholars explain, was considered a "great leap from historical resolutions of 1964 and 1967, which had vowed to destroy Israel." Under the plan, Arab nations would recognize Israel if Israel withdrew from land it occupied in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Moreover, the plan allows for the creation of a Palestinian state—with its capital in East Jerusalem—and the return of Palestinian refugees based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194. The final draft of the plan, moreover, avoided mentioning the phrase "right of return", which has been a point of contention in all previous peace talks; instead it called for a "just solution to the Palestinian refugee problem." In 2002, Israel immediately rejected the plan. In 2007, however, Israel initially acted more receptively to the reaffirmed Arab League initiative. Nevertheless, the foreign policy spokesman for Israel's right-wing Likud party, Zalman Shoval, explained "Israel could never accept the parts of the plan that call for the return of refugees who had lived in the territory of pre-1967 Israel." Furthermore, Shoval