crimes, and, citing our research, it confirmed the unreliability of the Quilliam claim". Focus on Islamism In openDemocracy, Tom Griffin criticised Nawaz for focusing on Islamism, and for defending "counterjihad" figures like Robert B. Spencer, Pamela Geller and Frank Gaffney. The emergence of the counterjihad movement had previously been noted in the journal of the Royal United Services Institute as early as 2008. The most comprehensive study of the US counterjihad movement, Fear Inc., by the Center for American Progress, identified its key activists including Frank Gaffney of the Center for Security Policy and David Horowitz of the David Horowitz Freedom Center, both conspiracy theorists who have claimed Hillary Clinton aide Huma Abedin is an agent of the Muslim Brotherhood; as well as Pamela Gellar and Robert Spencer, the co-founders of Stop the Islamization of America. These in turn were funded by a small number of key conservative foundations such as the Donors Capital Fund, the Scaife Foundations, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation and the Abstraction Fund. See also Democracy in the Middle East Islamic Modernism References Sources External links Ex-extremists call for 'Western Islam' – The Launch of the Quilliam Foundation Government gives £1m to anti-extremist think-tank Radical, Maajid Nawaz's autobiography – publisher's page 2008 establishments in the United Kingdom Islamic organisations based in the United Kingdom Political advocacy groups in the United Kingdom Think tanks based in the United Kingdom Liberal and progressive movements within Islam Faith and theology think tanks based in the United Kingdom Religious organisations based in the United Kingdom Islamic political websites Islamic political organizations Think tanks established in 2008 Organizations disestablished in 2021