Parnassius phoebus sayii f. hermodur Edwards, 1881 Parnassius phoebus sedakovi Ménétriés, 1850 Parnassius phoebus var. serenus Fruhstorfer, 1921 Parnassius phoebus smintheus Doubleday, 1847 Parnassius phoebus sordellus Fruhstorfer, 1923 Parnassius phoebus styriacus Fruhstorfer, 1851 Parnassius phoebus sternitzki McDunnough, 1936 Parnassius phoebus tersa Verity, 1947 Parnassius phoebus tessinorum Fruhstorfer, 1921 Parnassius phoebus tsenguun Churkin, 2003 Parnassius phoebus uralensis Ménétriés, 1859 Parnassius phoebus utahensis Rothschild, 1918 Parnassius phoebus vaschenkoi Hirschfeld & Schäffler, 2004 Parnassius phoebus velutus Martin, 1922 Parnassius phoebus verity Ehrmann, 1918 Parnassius phoebus veronicolus Martin, 1922 Parnassius phoebus werschoturovi O. Bang-Haas, 1934 Parnassius phoebus var. virginea Austaut, 1910 Parnassius phoebus vorbrodti Bryk & Eisner, 1943 Parnassius phoebus xanthus Ehrmann, 1918 Parnassius phoebus yukonensis Eisner, 1969 Parnassius phoebus zamolodtschikovi A. Belik, 1996 Similar species Parnassius smintheus, which is a closely related species found in North America, is often misidentified as Parnassius phoebus. Some researchers also tend to split the North American population of Parnassius smintheus into two or three species, the northernmost of which are usually regarded as being part of P. phoebus, while the rest is considered to be P. smintheus. References Bernard Turlin et Luc Manil, 2005 Étude synoptique et répartition mondiale des espèces du genre "Parnassius" Latreille 1804 ("Lepidoptera Papilionidae") Luc Manil, Paris. External links Rusinsects Text, photographs. Tree line and Parnassius phoebus smintheus. phoebus Butterflies described in 1793 Butterflies of Europe