use of computer animation in a U.S. criminal trial was in the 1991 Marin County, CA homicide trial of James Mitchell (of the porno-businessman Mitchell Brothers) The prosecution used the animation to explain the complex details of the shooting incident to the jury. It showed the positions of James Mitchell, Artie Mitchell (the victim), the bullet impact points, and the path taken by bullets as they entered Artie's body. The animation was admitted, over objection by the defense, and the case resulted in a conviction. The use of the animation was upheld on appeal and the success of the forensic animation led to its use in many other trials. In India Prof. T D Dogra at AIIMS New Delhi in 2008 used animation to explain the court of law and investigating agencies first time in two important cases of firearm injuries, case of Murder and Terrorist encounter killings (Batla house encounter case). Applications Geographic profiling (Rossmo's formula) Social network analysis Understanding spatio-temporal dynamics of IED attacks in Northern Ireland See also Jurimetrics Quantitative methods in criminology References External links Admission of Forensic Animation How to Assess a Forensic Animation - Offensive and Defensive Strategies Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies (ICURS) The Mastermind Project The digital photo authentication project at CS Dept. University of Wisconsin-Madison Trial Graphics: The role of forensic animation in the courtroom Computational science Criminology Computational fields of study