The Nevrorthidae (often incorrectly spelled "Neurorthidae") are a small family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. Extant species may be described as living fossils. There are 19 extant species in four genera, with a geographically disjunct distribution: Nevrorthus, comprising 5 species with scattered distributions around the Mediterranean; Austroneurorthus, with two species known from southeastern Australia; Nipponeurorthus, comprising 11 species known from China and Japan; and Sinoneurorthus, known from a single species described from Yunnan Province, China. They are traditionally placed in the Osmyloidea, alongside Osmylidae and the spongillaflies (Sisyridae), but some research has considered them to be the sister group to the rest of Neuroptera. The larvae have unique straight jaws that are curved at the tips, and live as unspecialised predators in the sandy bottom sediments of clear, fast flowing mountain rivers and streams. They pupate underwater on the underside of stones. The adults are likely predators or feed on honeydew and other sugar-rich fluids. Apart from the mere four living genera, several genera are known from the Eocene aged Baltic amber. The oldest known member of the family is Cretarophalis from the earliest Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar. Taxonomy After Nevrorthus Costa, 1863 Nevrorthus apatelios H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Hölzel, 1977 Balkans, Italy Nevrorthus fallax (Rambur, 1842) Sardinia and Corsica Nevrorthus hannibal U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1983 Tunisia, Algeria Nevrorthus iridipennis Costa, 1863 Calabria, Sicily Nevrorthus reconditus Monserrat & Gavira, 2014 Malaga, Spain Genus Austroneurorthus Nakahara, 1958 Austroneurorthus brunneipennis (Esben-Petersen, 1929) New South Wales, Queensland, Australia Austroneurorthus horstaspoecki U. Aspöck, 2004 Victoria, New South Wales, Australia Genus Nipponeurorthus Nakahara, 1958 Nipponeurorthus damingshanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 Guangxi, China Nipponeurorthus fasciatus Nakahara, 1958 China (Taiwan) Nipponeurorthus flinti U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 2008 Japan (Okinawa, Amamioshima). Nipponeurorthus furcatus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 China (Yunnan) Nipponeurorthus fuscinervis (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) Nipponeurorthus multilineatus Nakahara, 1966 China (Taiwan). Nipponeurorthus pallidinervis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island). Nipponeurorthus punctatus (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu). Nipponeurorthus qinicus Yang in Chen, 1998 China (Shaanxi). Nipponeurorthus tianmushanus Yang & Gao, 2001 China (Zhejiang). Nipponeurorthus tinctipennis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Yakushima Island). Genus Sinoneurorthus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012 Sinoneurorthus yunnanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012, Yunnan, China Extinct genera †Balticoneurorthus Wichard 2016 Baltic amber, Eocene †Cretarophalis Wichard 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) †Electroneurorthus Wichard