Turkey issued its first stamp printed by lithography and in 1938 it printed a stamp issue by photogravure, which thereafter became the standard methods for printing its stamps. Miscellaneous stamps Over the years, Turkey issued a number of stamps for specialized purposes. In 1863, the Ottoman Empire issued a set of postage due stamps, being among the first countries in the world to issue stamps for that specific purpose. The postage dues through 1913 had the same designs as the regular stamps, such as the Duloz or Empire issues, but were typically distinguished by being printed in brown or black. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire issued its first postage dues with their own designs. Turkey issued a number of official stamps for governmental use. From 1948 to 1957, it produced such stamps by overprinting regular postage stamps with the word "Resmî," meaning "Official." A number of varieties of the overprints exist. Beginning in 1957, Turkey issued official stamps specifically designed for that purpose, commonly with the value in the center surrounded by ornate designs. From 1928 through 1958, Turkey issued a number of postal tax stamps to collect funds for certain charities such as the so-called Red Crescent counterpart to the Red Cross. Local stamps In 1865 the local post distribution company Liannos et Cie was established in Constantinople to distribute mail arriving in the city which was not addressed in Arabic as the staff of the Ottoman Postal Service were unable to read the Latin alphabet. The stamps were printed by Perkins Bacon from plates that are now held in the museum of the Royal Philatelic Society London. In 1866 a second service was set up on behalf of the Egyptian post office operating in the city to solve the same problem. Both services were short lived. Postal stationery Postal stationery envelopes were first issued in 1869 and continue to be available to date. Postcards were first issued in 1877 and since then over one hundred different postcards have been produced. Lettercards were first issued in 1895 and the last issue was in 1914. Four newspaper wrappers were issued in 1901, followed by two new values in 1902 and a further two new values with a new design in 1914. One registration envelope was issued in 1914 and when the stocks were exhausted no further issues were made till 1993 when 4 values were made available. Aerogrammes were first