the governor of Nagasaki, had to draw up an extensive report on Schamberger's surgical art. This report and the contentment and continuous interest among high-ranking officials and feudal lords led to the birth of the so-called “Caspar-style-surgery" (kasuparu-ryû geka), the first Western-style school of medicine inspired by a surgeon stationed in Dejima. In 1655, Schamberger returned to the Netherlands, traveling back to Leipzig a few weeks after. In 1658 he acquired citizenship in Leipzig and started a new career as a merchant. He married three times: to Elisabeth Rost in 1659, to Regina Maria Conrad in 1662, and to Euphrosine Kleinau in 1685. In 1667 his son Johann Christian Schamberg was born. Johann later became a Professor of Medicine at Leipzig University and was elected president twice. One of his greatest achievements was the foundation of the "New Anatomical Theatre". In 1686, Schamberger published an extensive description of three illustrations depicting a great variety of people, exotic fruits, coins, animals, and artifacts he had observed all over "East India". It is dedicated to the Duke elect Johann III. Only one copy of this private print is preserved. In 1706, Schamberger died, only to be followed shortly after by his son. Schamberger's name stands for the beginning of a lasting interest in Western style medicine that gradually led to the upcoming of the so-called Dutch Studies (rangaku) in early modern Japan. Works Dem Durchlauchtigsten Großmächtigen Fürsten und Herrn Herrn Johann Georgen dem Dritten Hertzogen zu Sachsen [...] Dreyer in unterthänigkeit offerirten Schildereyen Der Ost Indischen und angräntzenden Königreichen in Zwölff=jähriger Reise observirte Vornehmste Seltenheiten betreffende Kurtze Erläuterung In Eil entworffen Von Caspar Schambergern Bürgern und Handelsmann in Leipzig. Daselbst gedruckt durch Christoph Fleischern Anno 1686. References Reiner H. Hesselink: Prisoners from Nambu: Reality and Make-Believe in Seventeenth-Century Japanese Diplomacy. University of Hawaii Press, 2002. Wolfgang Michel: Von Leipzig nach Japan - Der Chirurg und Handelsmann Caspar Schamberger. Iudicium, Muenchen 1999. () Wolfgang Michel: «Der Ost-Indischen und angrenzenden Königreiche, vornehmste Seltenheiten betreffende kurze Erläuterung» - Neue Funde zum Leben und Werk des Leipziger Chirurgen und Handelsmanns Caspar Schamberger (1623–1706). Kyushu University, The Faculty of Languages and Cultures Library No 1. Fukuoka: Hana-Shoin 2010. () (pdf file: Kyushu University Institutional Repository) Wolfgang Michel: Medicine and Allied Sciences in the Cultural Exchange between Japan and Europe in the Seventeenth Century. In: Hans Dieter Ölschleger (ed.): Theories and Methods in Japanese Studies: Current State &