adverse conditions. Due to violence that flared up in November 1988, 25 Azerbaijanis were killed, according to Armenian sources (of those 20 during Gugark pogrom); and 217 (including those who died of extreme weather conditions while fleeing), according to Azerbaijani sources. In 1988–91, the remaining Azerbaijanis were forced to flee primarily to Azerbaijan. It is impossible to determine the exact population numbers for Azerbaijanis in Armenia at the time of the conflict's escalation since during the 1989 census, forced Azerbaijani migration from Armenia was already in progress. UNHCR's estimate is 200,000 persons. Current situation According to journalist Thomas de Waal, a few residents of Vardanants Street recall a small mosque being demolished in 1990. Geographical names of Turkic origin were changed en masse into Armenian-sounding ones (in addition to those continuously changed from the 1930s on), a measure seen by some as a method to erase from popular memory the fact that Muslims had once formed a substantial portion of the local population. According to Husik Ghulyan's study, in the period 2006-2018, more than 7700 Turkic geographic names that existed in the country have been changed and replaced by Armenian names. Those Turkic names were mostly located in areas that previously were heavily populated by Azerbaijanis, namely in Gegharkunik, Kotayk and Vayots Dzor regions and some parts of Syunik and Ararat regions. In 2001, historian Suren Hobosyan of the Armenian Institute of Archeology and Ethnography estimated that there were 300 to 500 people of Azerbaijani origin living in Armenia, mostly descendants of mixed marriages, with only 60 to 100 being of full Azerbaijani ancestry. In an anonymous case study of 15 people of Azerbaijani origin (13 of mixed Armenian–Azerbaijani and 2 of full Azerbaijani ancestry) carried out in 2001 by the International Organization for Migration with the help of the non-governmental Armenian Sociological Association in Yerevan, Meghri, Sotk and Avazan, 12 respondents said they concealed their Azerbaijani roots from the public, and only 3 said they identified as Azerbaijani. 13 out of 15 respondents reported being Christian and none reported being Muslim. Some Azerbaijanis continue to live in Armenia to this day. Official statistics suggest there are 29 Azerbaijanis in Armenia as of 2001. Hranush Kharatyan, the then head of the Department on National Minorities and Religion Matters of Armenia, stated in February 2007: Prominent Azerbaijanis from Armenia Ashig Alasgar, 19th-century Azerbaijani poet and folk singer Mirza Gadim Iravani, Azerbaijani