taken by Jain ascetic monks to attain liberation. It is the virtue of non-stealing and not wanting to appropriate, or take by force or deceit or exploitation, by deeds or words or thoughts, what is owned by and belongs to someone else. Aparigraha, in contrast, is the virtue of non-possessiveness and non-clinging to one's own property, non-accepting any gifts or particularly improper gifts offered by others, and of non-avarice, non-craving in the motivation of one's deeds, words and thoughts. In literature The ancient Tamil moral text of Tirukkural speaks about aparigraha in its chapters on renunciation (Chapter 35) and extirpation of desire (Chapter 37), besides various other places. See also Civil disobedience Cooperative Gift economy Moderation Non-profit Non-violence Nonviolent resistance Property Socialism References Sources Schools of economic thought Gandhism Jain ethics Hindu philosophical concepts Simple living Yoga concepts Relational ethics Hindu ethics