so much, and prolongs the sickness." This went against a longstanding weight of medical thinking. Although often disagreeing with Galen, Borgognoni followed him in promoting the dry method for treating wounds, although advocating the use of wine. He wrote on the treatment of thoracic and intestinal injuries, insisting on the importance of avoiding pollution from the contents of the gut. The final volume deals with injuries to the head and some cancers. Borgognoni's test for the diagnosis of shoulder dislocation, namely the ability to touch the opposite ear or shoulder with the hand of the affected arm, has remained in use into modern times. It has been claimed that parts of Borgognoni's work duplicate chapters of the Chirurgia of Bruno da Longoburgo, written around fifteen years previously, and there is little doubt that some passages have the same source, and both were students of Ugo Borgognoni. However Theodoric's work contains much that is not duplicated in the book of Longoburgo, or which directly contradicts him, and these are often the most important and innovative passages. See also Medieval science Medieval medicine of Western Europe History of medicine Anaesthesia List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics Notes References Prioreschi, Plinio; A History of Medicine, Horatius Press, 2001, pp. 440–453, 1204 births 1296 deaths Bishops of Bitonto Italian surgeons 13th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops Italian Dominicans Catholic clergy scientists Medieval surgeons 13th-century Italian physicians 13th-century Italian writers 13th-century Latin writers People from Lucca