became compulsory to study the Russian language. In 1907, at the Elendendorf school, a boarding school was opened to accommodate children from other Swabian settlements of the Transcaucasus who studied there. In the 1920s, teachers from Germany were invited to work at the school. So, for example, Alois Melichar (Alois Melichar), future conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, conducted music lessons at Elendendorf school. The cultural life in Helenendorf began with the formation in 1893 of the German Society (), originally a male club with a library, a reading room, and a bowling alley. Later on, the amateur wind and string orchestras and theater studio were organized, which held concerts and performances in the society's hall, where up to 400 spectators could be accommodated at various festive events, including in the public garden of Helendorf. In 1930, a music school was opened with pianoforte and stringed instrument classes. Various festivals, which gathered musical groups from all the Transcaucasian colonies, were often held in Helenendorf (by the 1930s there were 21 colonies). Traces of the German settlement can be seen in the school buildings and the parish church built in 1854. Demographics In the 1920 census there were 2,259 people registered. The city today is overwhelmingly populated by Azeris. Starting in 1915, the town became home to a small Assyrian community, originally from Turkey and Iran. The last resident of Goygol of German descent died in 2007. The Assyrian population consisted of three families as of 2016. Economy A large wine machinery plant which aids in the processing of grapes is located in Goygol, as was a state-owned cattle-breeding farm as of 1990. Culture There are a number of historical monuments in Goygol including the Goygol Wine Factory's champagne and wine shop, Goygol Printing House, District Music School, and Koroglu Hotel dating to the 19th century, as well as the former buildings of the District Prosecutor's Office and District Police Department, which were built in the 19th century. The History-Ethnography Museum of Goygol is located in the building of the Lutheran church built in 1856 and has operated as a museum since 1982. The State Flag Square was inaugurated in 2014 with the Flag of Azerbaijan flying at a height of . There is also a Museum of Azerbaijan State Symbols in the square. See also Caucasus Germans Notes References Ulrich Mohl: Schwäbischer Pioniergeist im Kaukasus - Die russlanddeutsche Kolonie Helenendorf. In: