(VT, s). The improved urodynamic profile is related to a lower risk of urologic complications, such as cystitis and bladder stones. Physical activity Physical activity has been recommended as a treatment for urinary tract symptoms. A 2019 Cochrane review of six studies involving 652 men assessing the effects of physical activity alone, physical activity as a part of a self-management program, among others. The evidence from this review states that there are important uncertainties whether physical activity is helpful in men experiencing urinary symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Medications With benign prostatic enlargement causes of LUTS, people may be offered a variety of medications (as a single drug or combining them) when there are persistent moderate symptoms: Alpha blockers 5-alpha reductase inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Muscarinic receptor antagonists Plants extracts (phytotherapy) Beta-3 agonist If medical treatment fails, or is not an option; a number of surgical techniques to destroy part or all of the prostate have been developed. Surgical treatment Surgical treatment of LUTS can include: Ablation procedures - used in treating both bladder tumours and bladder outlet obstruction, such as prostate conditions. Bladder-neck incision (BNI) Removal of the prostate - open, robotic, and endoscopic techniques are used. Stenting of the prostate and urethra. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Transurethral microwave thermotherapy Urethral dilatation, a common treatment for strictures. Epidemiology Prevalence increases with age. The prevalence of nocturia in older men is about 78%. Older men have a higher incidence of LUTS than older women. Around one third of men will develop urinary tract (outflow) symptoms, of which the principal underlying cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia. Once symptoms arise, their progress is variable and unpredictable with about one third of patients improving, one third remaining stable and one third deteriorating. References Further reading NHS; Cancer Screening Programmes. Prostate Cancer Risk Management. External links LUTS in men - Patient.info LUTS in women - Patient.info Urological conditions Symptoms and signs: Urinary system