build up on the parts. To clean the parts, applications of joint-weakening flux and expensive acid cleaning baths have traditionally been required. Batch vacuum furnaces solve these problems, but have significant limitations of their own because of their large size, poor efficiency and lack of quality control. Brazing with induction reduces both oxidation and costly cleaning requirements, especially when a rapid cool-down cycle is used. Fast heating cycles Because the induction heating cycle is very short in comparison to flame brazing, more parts can be processed in the same amount of time, and less heat is released to the surrounding environment. “An induction brazing system quickly delivers highly localized heat to minimize part warpage and distortion. Brazing in a controlled vacuum or in an inert protective atmosphere can significantly improve overall part quality and eliminate costly part cleaning procedures” (Induction Atmospheres, 1). Consistent results Induction brazing is a very repeatable process because variables such as time, temperature, alloy, fixturing, and part positioning are very controllable. The internal power supply of the RF power supply can be used to control cycle time, and temperature control can be accomplished with pyrometers, visual temperature sensors or thermocouples. For processes, which involve medium to high production runs of the same parts, an automated part handling system is often utilized to further improve consistency and maximize productivity. For the most part, induction brazing and soldering is done in an open-air environment but it can also be done in a controlled atmosphere when necessary to keep the parts completely clean and free of oxidation. Induction brazing generally works best with two pieces of similar metal. Dissimilar metals can also be joined by induction heating but they require special attention and techniques. This is due to differences in the materials' resistivity, relative magnetic permeability and coefficients of thermal expansion. (p1) General temperatures and times {|class="wikitable" |- !Process !! Time !! Temperature (°F) |- |Brazing Stainless Steel Tubes || 20 seconds || 1330°F |- |Brazing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Parts || 1 second || 1300°F |- |Brazing Hydraulic Hose Assemblies || 7 seconds || 2200°F |- |Brazing Metering Plates to Turbine Blades With Nickel || 5 minutes || 2000°F |- |Brazing Copper Tube Assemblies || 45 seconds || 1450°F |- |Brazing Stainless Steel to Brass || 7 seconds || 1325°F |- |Brazing Stainless Steel to Titanium || 80 seconds || 2000°F |- |Brazing Stainless Steel Dental Tools || 10