used by farm vehicles. Culture Virginia Woolf spent holidays and weekends during 1912–19 at Asham House, just off the road between Lewes and Newhaven. The house was later surrounded by the cement works that opened in 1932 and became derelict. The Grade II listed house was demolished on 12 July 1994, to allow expansion of Beddingham landfill site. Peggy Angus rented Furlongs, a cottage beneath the South Downs, to host a circle of artistic friends, including Eric Ravilious, Tirzah Garwood and John Piper. Ravilious was notably inspired by the landscape to produce some of his famous work, such as Tea at Furlongs. Industry An experimental flotation kiln was built into the face of Asham Quarry in 1928. In 1927 the chemist Geoffrey Martin had patented a kiln designed to enable cement to be manufactured more cheaply. The experimental kiln to the patented design was constructed by hand. The experiments lasted three months in late 1929. The kiln was demolished when the quarry was converted into Beddingham landfill site. Rodmell Works was founded as a cement works with a rotary kiln in 1932, adjacent to Asham Quarry, using a narrow-gauge tramway. Cement was carried to Asham Wharf on the Ouse by an aerial ropeway and there loaded into boats piloted up and down the Ouse by tugs. Clay from Piddinghoe and coal for the kilns were shipped in. The works closed in 1975. Beddingham landfill site In 1979 the cement works and quarry were converted into a landfill site that was above a water table and was not initially lined. The site was licensed for industrial, commercial and household waste, with no sub-divisions to keep the different waste streams apart. As part of the preparation for waste disposal, more chalk has been quarried, and sold for use in construction and agriculture. Three pits have been used for disposal. The first two were relatively low lying, penetrating below the depth of the groundwater table, and were not lined; these were filled and capped in 1985. The third pit is higher, deeper and larger, and has been filled in two stages: the northern half (1985–95) and southern half (1995–2009). The northern half was not lined; the southern half has been lined with a layer of clay and a geo-membrane liner. The landfill material at Beddingham has consistently been 60% domestic, 30% non-hazardous industrial/commercial and 10% cover (clay/chalk capping). Waste typically includes 15,000 tonnes