other manuscripts on what was regarded to be rational surgery were in the 14th century translated into English and were eagerly read in England as surgery textbooks. In the English translations of Chirurgia Magna the practical advice passed on by Lanfranc was given more room than the theoretical knowledge Lanfranc had also cared to impart. The Chirurgia Magna was republished as book in over seventy editions and translated into multiple languages from 1490 onward. Lanfranc is remembered in the English surgery profession for recommending in the Chirurgia Magna bloodletting to treat localized pain, such as migrane. References 1315 deaths Year of birth uncertain 13th-century Italian physicians 14th-century Italian physicians Medieval surgeons Physicians from Milan