Malfūzāt (, "Discourses"; lit. "spoken words") is a ten-volume collection of the discourses, question-and-answer-sessions, sermons and dialogues of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement. The volumes contain, for the most part, speech that was transcribed by several of Ghulam Ahmad's close disciples as it was being communicated and was published in Ahmadi periodicals during his lifetime, covering a period starting from 1891 until his death in 1908. This material was compiled and published as a set of volumes during the 1960s. Composition The Malfūzāt contain those of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's words that he spoke in the form of an address or discussion in the presence of a congregation or gathering, including during leisurely moments, and were recorded in writing by several companions who kept a diary of his words. The collected sayings include a small number of narrations that were not immediately put to writing but gathered and recorded from the memory of narrators and are therefore deemed to be of lesser reliability. Among Ghulam Ahmad's written and oral output, the Malfūzāt are considered within the Ahmadiyya movement to be of primary importance with regard to the exposition of Islamic morality since they encapsulate those of his sayings which were delivered mostly in such settings when he had the education and moral training of the community of followers in view. Each volume is chronologically arranged with each section dated and sourced, but thematically structured under subheadings related to various religious, theological and moral themes. History and compilation In view of the nascent movement's need to have its own periodical that could deal regularly with crucial issues connected to it, two Ahmadi newspapers were established within Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's lifetime, the first of these was the Urdu weekly al-Hakam, established in October 1897 and edited by his disciple Shaykh Yaqub Ali; the second was the Urdu weekly al-Badr which began publishing in 1902 and was edited by Mufti Muhammad Sadiq, also a disciple of Ghulam Ahmad. Among other things, these periodicals played a central role in preserving Ghulam Ahmad's speeches and conversations. Though earlier efforts were made to collect this material—a seven volume compilation by Muhammad Manzur Ilahi was published under the name of Malfūzāt-i Ahmadiyya by the Anjuman-i Isha'at-i Islam, Lahore in the early 1930s, relying exclusively on the material in al-Hakam and al-Badr; and a single volume, published by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, appeared in 1936—the