dominant negative PLD do not appear to form new colonies or tumors. Thrombosis: PLD knockout mice appear to have reduced occlusion, thus offsetting thrombosis. Type II Diabetes: the protein PED/PEA15 is often elevated in type II diabetic patients, thus enhancing PLD1 activity, and in turn impairing insulin. Interactions Phospholipase D1 has been shown to interact with: Alpha-synuclein, Amphiphysin, BIN1, CDC42, PEA15, Protein kinase N1 RALA, and RHOA. Inhibitors Calphostin-c, an inhibitor VU-0359595: 1,700-fold selective versus phospholipase D2, IC50 = 3.7nM. References Further reading EC 3.1.4