the risk of having their actions invalidated if challenged in court.Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe, The case established the basic legal framework for judicial review of the actions of administrative agencies.Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., A government agency's interpretation of its own mandate from Congress is entitled to judicial deference if the authority is ambiguous and the agency's interpretation is permissible under the statute, regardless as to whether it is the best possible interpretation or an interpretation the Court would have made.Auer v. Robbins, Agencies have the highest level of deference in interpreting their own regulations. However, deference is warranted only if the language of the regulation is ambiguous unless it is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation. The case expands Chevron deference by giving the agency the highest deference.Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, Greenhouse gases are air pollutants, and the Environmental Protection Agency may regulate their emission under the Clean Air Act.Michigan v. Environmental Protection Agency, The Environmental Protection Agency must consider costs when it regulates power plants under the Clean Air Act.West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency, (2022) The Environmental Protection Agency lacks broad authority to regulate carbon emissions. Executive power Domestic Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, The President cannot seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under the Constitution or statutory authority given to him or her by Congress. Commander-in-chief powers do not extend to labor disputes. United States v. Nixon, The doctrine of executive privilege is legitimate; however, the President cannot invoke it in criminal cases to withhold evidence.Harlow v. Fitzgerald, Presidential aides were not entitled to absolute immunity, but instead deserved qualified immunity.Halkin v. Helms, NSA does not have to disclose whether it has acquired the international communications of the plaintiffs and shared them with other federal agencies.Nixon v. Fitzgerald, The President is entitled to absolute immunity from legal liability for civil damages based on his official acts. The President is not immune from criminal charges stemming from his official or unofficial acts while he is in office.Clinton v. Jones, The President has no immunity that could require civil law litigation against him or her involving a dispute unrelated to the office of President to be stayed until the end of his or her term. Such a delay would deprive the parties to the suit of the right to a speedy trial