Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3. Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation. Clinical significance Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. Harvard University researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retinas of mice. Interactions HDAC4 has been shown to interact with: BCL6, BTG2, CBX5, GATA1, HDAC3, MAPK1, MAPK3, MEF2C, Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, Testicular receptor 2, YWHAB, YWHAE, and Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16. See also Histone deacetylase References Further reading External links EC 3.5.1