Ocean. One Jew among this party, Louis de Torres, has been identified as the first white man to walk upon the New World. By the 17th century, several Jews had become sailors, bearing similarity to Esther Brandeau's early life. In 1624 the first “openly Jewish” settlement, located in Brazil, was established in the Americas. In contrast to New France, the English colonies provided a relatively tolerant environment for Jews as early as the 17th century, partially due to the English acquisition of New Netherland where English ruled that Jews would continue to keep the rights that they enjoyed under Dutch rule. Many Jews in the English colonies established themselves as successful military commanders, merchants, or public servants. In 1733, just a few years before Brandeau's secret arrival in New France, a group of openly Jewish settlers had already helped to establish the English colony of Georgia. Women in New France While women had more options for non-domestic activities in New France than in France due to the gender disparity that existed in the colony, a wife was still subject to her husband's wishes. A woman in New France could be expected to be married in her mid-teens (much younger than the average marriage age in France) to a man over a decade older, and the only grounds for separation was that of financial matters. Cases of domestic abuse in New France have been recorded. From a religious perspective, gender roles persisted as men were expected to play a more active religious while women were more revered for their sexual purity. With respect to Brandeau's situation, she was sent to a hospital rather than a jail due to the lack of prison facilities for women in New France. Legacy Literature Esther's story has inspired novelists, scholars, scriptwriters, and performance artists to create different pieces about her life. Canadian journalist and historian Benjamin G. Sack featured a historical essay about Esther Brandeau in History of the Jews in Canada translated in 1965. B.G. Sack would later be a credible source for Esther's story and serve as the main reference for her Dictionary of Canadian Biography which lays the foundation of what is known about Esther's life. There are three novels about her: Une Juive en Nouvelle-France (2000) by Pierre Lasry, Esther (2004) by Sharon E. McKay and The Tale-Teller (2012) by Susan Glickman." The first, written in French, tells a fictionalised story