benefits of ISA are improved speed zone compliance with reduction in the level and duration of speeding. A cost-benefit analysis of ISA (in Australia) published in April 2010 by the Centre for Automotive Safety Research suggested that advisory ISA would reduce injuries by 7.7% and save $1.2 billion per year; supportive ISA would reduce injuries by 15.1% and $2.2 billion; limiting ISA would reduce injuries by 26.4% and save $3.7 billion. This research resulted in the recommendation for wider adoption and promotion of ISA in the Australian National Road Safety Strategy 2011–2020. Real and perceived benefits of ISA also include noise reduction and exhaust emissions. Commercial use ISA is in widespread commercial use in Australia, partly due to initiatives from by various state road authorities and the inclusion of ISA in the National and State Road Safety Strategies. In the EU, commercial vehicles such as the 2022 EU-spec Volkswagen Amarok can be bought with ISA. Implementation in the EU and UK Definition under EU law Under EU regulation, intelligent speed assistance (ISA) system shall comprise a speed limit information function (SLIF) and either a speed limit warning function (SLWF) or a speed control function (SCF): ISA mandatory in the EU for new vehicles from July 2022 In 2012, five out of the 35 governments associated with the ETSC agreed to introduce ISA in all commercial vehicles. By 2013, adoption of the technology was being considered by the European Commission but was being strongly opposed by the UK transport secretary, Patrick McLoughlin. A government spokesman described the proposal as "Big Brother nannying by EU bureaucrats." In 2019, however, it was finally agreed to adopt the new technology in all new cars from July 2022 as per EU Directive 2019/2144. The framework for testing ISA systems is currently being defined. The framework for testing ISA systems is specified by regulation 2021/1958 from 23 June 2021. Criticism of ISA regulation in the EU In September 2020 the European Transport Safety Council made three criticisms of European draft regulations for ISA: ISA systems alerted drivers only after they speed, rather than before systems may not be able to identify the correct speed limit some ISA systems may be disabled too easily The ESTC restated these reservations in July 2022 while broadly welcoming ISA, describing it as "a giant leap forward...one of the life-saving systems with the most potential". United Kingdom ISA is not yet