population, in terms of wealth, own less than one-tenth of the average wealth. The inequality of labor income can be high, but it is usually much less extreme. Members of the bottom half of the population in income earn about half the average income. In sum, the concentration of capital ownership is always extreme, so that the very notion of capital is fairly abstract for large segments—if not the majority—of the population. Piketty (2014) finds that wealth-income ratios, today, seem to be returning to very high levels in low economic growth countries, similar to what he calls the "classic patrimonial" wealth-based societies of the 19th century wherein a minority lives off its wealth while the rest of the population works for subsistence living. He surmises that wealth accumulation is high because growth is low. See also Civil rights Digital divide Educational inequality Gini coefficient Global justice Health equity Horizontal inequality List of countries by income inequality List of countries by distribution of wealth LGBT social movements Meritocracy Social apartheid Racial discrimination Social equality Social exclusion Social justice Social mobility Social stratification Structural violence Tax evasion Triple oppression References Further reading Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996.The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, translated by Lauretta C. Clough. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism." In The Welfare State Reader edited by Christopher Pierson and Francis G. Castles. Polity Press. Ortiz, Isabel & Matthew Cummins. 2011. Global Inequality: Beyond the Bottom Billion – A Rapid Review of Income Distribution in 141 Countries. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York. Piketty, Thomas (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Belknap Press. Sernau, Scott (2013). Social Inequality in a Global Age (4th edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Stiglitz, Joseph. 2012. The Price of Inequality. New York: Norton. United Nations (UN) Inequality-adjusted Human Development Report (IHDR) 2013. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Weber, Max. 1946. "Power." In Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Translated and Edited by H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press. External links Inequality watch "Wealth Gap" – A Guide (January 2014), AP News Guardian.com/business/2015/jan/19/global-wealth-oxfam-inequality-davos-economic-summit-switzerland New Oxfam report says half of global wealth held by the 1% (2015-01-19). "Oxfam warns of widening inequality gap." The Guardian How Much More (Or Less) Would You Make If We Rolled Back Inequality? (January 2015). "How much more (or less) would families be earning today if inequality