Congress. Presidential orders which contradict acts of Congress are illegal, and military officers are responsible for the execution of illegal commands, despite the nature of military chain of command.Myers v. United States, The President has the exclusive power to remove executive branch officials, and does not need the approval of the Senate or any other legislative body. J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, Congressional delegation of legislative authority is an implied power of Congress that is constitutional so long as Congress provides an "intelligible principle" to guide the executive branch. Springer v. Government of the Philippine Islands, American Constitutions, both state and federal, divides the government into three separate departments - the legislative, executive, and judicial. This separation and the consequent exclusive character of the powers conferred upon each of the three departments is basic and vital - not merely a matter of governmental mechanism. It may be stated then, as a general rule inherent in the American constitutional system, that, unless otherwise expressly provided or incidental to the powers conferred, the legislature cannot exercise either executive or judicial power; the executive cannot exercise either legislative or judicial power; the judiciary cannot exercise either executive or legislative power.Humphrey's Executor v. United States, The President may not remove any appointee to an independent regulatory agency except for reasons that Congress has provided by law.Nixon v. General Services Administration, Congress has the power to pass a law that directs the seizure and disposition of the papers and tapes of a former president that are within the control of the executive branch. Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, Congress may not promulgate a statute granting to itself a legislative veto over actions of the executive branch because such a veto is inconsistent with the bicameralism principle and Presentment Clause of the Constitution.Bowsher v. Synar, Congress cannot reserve removal power over executive officers to itself, except for impeachment. Clinton v. City of New York, The Line Item Veto Act is unconstitutional because it allows the President to amend or repeal parts of statutes without the pre-approval of Congress. According to the Presentment Clause of the Constitution, Congress must initiate all changes to existing laws. Administrative law United States ex rel. Accardi v. Shaughnessy, Administrative agencies are obliged to follow their own regulations, policies and procedures. Under the Accardi Doctrine, federal agencies which do not follow their own regulations or procedures run