The following is a list of the Seljuk Sultans of Rum, from 1077 to 1307. The sultans of Rûm were descended from Arslan Isra'il, son of the warlord Seljuk. The Seljuk empire was founded by Chaghri and Tughril, sons of Arslan's brother Mikail ibn Seljuk. Qutalmish, son of Arslan Isra'il, 1060–1077 Suleiman I, son of Qutalmish, 1077–1086 Abu'l Qasim (self-declared, Nicaea), appointed by Suleiman ibn Kutalmish, 1084 Kilij Arslan I, son of Suleiman ibn Kutalmish, 1092–1109 Malik Shah, son of Kilij Arslan, 1109–1116 Mesud I, son of Kilij Arslan, 1116–1156 Kilij Arslan II, son of Mesud I, 1156–1192 Kaykhusraw I, son of Kilij Arslan II, 1192–1197 Suleiman II, son of Kilij Arslan II, 1197–1204 Kilij Arslan III, son of Suleiman II, 1204–1205 Kaykhusraw I (second rule), 1205–1211 Kaykaus I, son of Kaykhusraw I, 1211–1220 Kayqubad I, son of Kaykhusraw I, 1220–1237 Kaykhusraw II, son of Kayqubad I, 1237–1246 Kaykaus II, son of Kaykhusraw II (sole rule) 1246–1248 Kaykaus II (joint rule), 1246–1259 (with Kilij Arslan IV, 1248-1259, with Kayqubad II, 1249-1257) Kilij Arslan IV, son of Kaykhusraw II (joint rule), 1248–1265 (with Kaykaus II, 1246-1259, with Kayqubad II, 1249-1257) Kayqubad II, son of Kaykhusraw II (joint rule), 1249–1257 (with Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV) Kilij Arslan IV (sole rule), 1259–1265 Kaykhusraw III, son of Kilij Arslan IV, 1265–1282 Mesud II, son of Kaykaus II, 1282–1284 Kayqubad III, son of Faramurz (son of Kaykaus II), 1284 Mesud II (second rule), 1284–1293 Kayqubad III (second rule), 1293–1294 Mesud II (third rule), 1294–1301 Kayqubad III (third rule), 1301–1303 Mesud II (fourth rule), 1303–1307 Taken over by the Mongols, 1307. References 1. Bosworth, Clifford E., The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996, pp. 213-214 2. Baldwin, Marshall W., and Setton, Kenneth M, A History of the Crusades: Volume One, The First Hundred Years, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1969, pg. 701 (index list of Selchükids of Rûm through Kilij Arslan II) 3. Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 862 (index list of Selchükids of Rûm after Kilij Arslan II) 4. Murray, Alan V. The Crusades—An Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2006, pp. 1050-1052. See also Seljuk dynasty Rum