v. Gloss, Congress may set a deadline for the ratification of a new constitutional amendment if it wishes to do so.Connally v. General Construction Co., The U.S. Supreme Court established the vagueness doctrine whereby a statute is void for vagueness and unenforceable if it is too vague for the average citizen to understand or if a term cannot be strictly defined and is not defined anywhere in such law.Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., Zoning laws are not an unreasonable extension of local police power and do not have the character of arbitrary fiat.Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, Federal courts in diversity jurisdiction cases must apply the law of the states in which they sit, including the judicial doctrine of the state's highest court, where it does not conflict with federal law. There is no general federal common law.Coleman v. Miller, A proposed amendment to the Constitution is considered pending before the states indefinitely unless Congress establishes a deadline by which the states must act. Furthermore, Congress—not the courts—is responsible for deciding whether an amendment has been validly ratified.Burford v. Sun Oil Co., Abstention doctrine, under which federal courts in diversity jurisdiction can let state courts hear cases under certain circumstances, createdReid v. Covert, The Constitution supersedes all treaties ratified by the Senate.Gravel v. United States, The privileges of the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause enjoyed by members of Congress also extend to Congressional aides, but not to activity outside the legislative process.Canterbury v. Spence (464 F.2d. 772, 782 D.C. Cir. 1972). In medical malpractices cases, informed consent is required of the patient and no expert is required for the case to be heard by a jury.Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States Greatly revised and extended the circumstances under which the abstention doctrine, under which federal courts can decline jurisdiction they would otherwise assert, applies.Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals'', Scientific evidence that is admitted in federal court must be valid and relevant to the case at hand. References History of the Supreme Court of the United States Landmark Lists of United States Supreme Court opinions by status United States case law lists