mesogen with director. The response of the director to the field is expressed with viscosity parameters, as in the Ericksen-Leslie theory in continuum mechanics developed by Jerald Ericksen and Frank Matthews Leslie. LCD devices work only up to the transition temperature when the mesophase changes to the isotropic liquid phase at the so-called clearing point. Mesophase phenomena are important in many scientific fields. The publishing arms of professional societies have academic journals as needed. For instance, the American Chemical Society has both Macromolecules and Langmuir, while Royal Society of Chemistry has Soft Matter, and American Physical Society has Physical Review E, and Elsevier has Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. See also Condensed matter physics Sol-gel Walter Noll Notes and references Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar (1992) Liquid Crystals, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press . David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011) Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, Oxford University Press . J. Prost & C.E. Williams (1999) "Liquid Crystals: Between Order and Disorder", pp 289–315 in Soft Matter Physics, Mohamed Daoud & Claudine E. Williams, editors, translated by Stephen N. Lyle from La Just Argile (1995), Springer Verlag . External links Soft Matter World organization Springer Verlag Partially Ordered Systems ISSN 0941-5114 . Phases of matter Soft matter Phase transitions Liquid crystals Continuum mechanics