Faculty of Law and Administration is the oldest unit of the Jagiellonian University. In 1364, when the University was established, 8 out of 11 chairs were devoted to legal sciences. At the beginning only courses in Canon Law and Roman Law were available. At present, the faculty is recognised as the best law faculty in Poland with the best bar passage rates and one of the finest in Central Europe. In 1851 the first student scientific association in Poland was founded here (TBSP UJ). Studies The programme of studies is based on individual students' choices. Magister's long-cycle programme in Law contains a very limited number of obligatory courses (ex. penal law, constitutional law, civil procedure) while fundamental courses and courses of specialisation depend on students' preferences. Study programmes The Faculty conducts one long-cycle 5-year Master's degree programme (magister) in Law, one first-cycle 3-year Bachelor's degree programme (licencjat) in Administration and second-cycle 2-year Master's degree programmes (magister) in Administration and Local Self-Government Administration. Several postgraduate programmes are conducted in Polish as well as in other languages, e.g. LL.M. Polnisches Wirtschaftsrecht, LL.M. in American and International Business and Trade Law organised by the Columbus School of Law (Washington), Master en Droit Privé (M2) organised by the University of Orléans or LL.M. International Studies in Intellectual Property Law organised by the Institute of Intellectual Property Law (Faculty of Management and Social Communication) in cooperation with Dresden University of Technology. Doctoral studies in legal sciences are available, including the European Postgraduate College - joint doctoral programme of the Jagiellonian University, University of Heidelberg and Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. International cooperation The Faculty is well known for its international approach in legal education due to the programme of study, foreign degree programmes and several schools of foreign laws in Kraków and abroad: School of American Law - aside from the American Law Program (recognised as a part of the LL.M. programme of the Columbus School of Law) and multiple guest lectures, the School runs several special projects, e.g. workshops on negotiation, legal writing or translation, in cooperation with law offices and business institutions; School of German Law, whose courses are recognised as part of LL.M. programmes at cooperating German universities (University of Heidelberg and University of Mainz); School of French Law, whose graduates are automatically admitted to the Master's programme in Private Law organised by University of Orléans; School of Austrian Law, organised in