defense against a criminal indictment.Davis v. Beason, The Edmunds Anti-Polygamy Act of 1882 does not violate the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment even though polygamy is part of several religious beliefs.Cantwell v. Connecticut, The states cannot interfere with the free exercise of religion.Minersville School District v. Gobitis, The First Amendment does not require public schools to excuse students from saluting the American flag and reciting the Pledge of Allegiance on religious grounds (overruled by West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)).Murdock v. Pennsylvania, A Pennsylvania ordinance that imposes a license tax on those selling religious merchandise violates the Free Exercise Clause.West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, Public schools cannot override the religious beliefs of their students by forcing them to salute the American flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.Marsh v. Alabama, Governments cannot require permits to proselytize, or bar it outright, in public spaces even where those are privately owned.Everson v. Board of Education, A state law that reimburses the costs of transportation to and from parochial schools does not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Establishment Clause is incorporated against the states, and the Constitution requires a sharp separation between government and religion.McCollum v. Board of Education, The use of public school facilities by religious organizations to give religious instruction to school children violates the Establishment Clause.Braunfeld v. Brown, A Pennsylvania blue law forbidding the sale of various retail products on Sunday was not an unconstitutional interference with religion as described in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.Engel v. Vitale, Government-directed prayer in public schools, even if it is denominationally neutral and non-mandatory, violates the Establishment Clause.Abington School District v. Schempp, School-sponsored reading of the Bible and recitation of the Lord's Prayer in public schools is unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.Flast v. Cohen, Taxpayers have standing to sue to prevent the disbursement of federal funds in contravention of the specific constitutional prohibition against government support of religion.Epperson v. Arkansas, States may not require curricula to align with the views of any particular religion.Lemon v. Kurtzman, For a law to be considered constitutional under the Establishment Clause, the law must have a legitimate secular purpose, must not have the primary effect of either advancing or inhibiting religion, and must not result in an excessive entanglement of government and religion.Wisconsin v. Yoder, Parents may remove their children from public