acids can be oxidized again to make dicarboxylic species that join with coenzyme A and enter the beta oxidation pathway in the peroxisome. Long-chain alcohol oxidase is also used in germinating seedlings of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) to degrade esterified long-chain fatty alcohols stored as wax. Species This enzyme has been found in the following organisms: Yeast Candida cloacae Candida tropicalis Starmerella bombicola Yarrowia lipolytica Other Fungi Aspergillus terreus Mucor circinelloides Plants Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) Lotus japonicus Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) Archaea Uncultured marine euryarchaeota Industrial use This enzyme is required for production of dicarboxylic acids by industrial Candida yeast, which have nonfunctional beta oxidation pathways. They can thus produce relatively pure saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in high yield, which is not possible using chemical synthesis. The dicarboxylic acids are used to produce fragrances, polyamides, polyesters, adhesives, and antibiotics. References EC 1.1.3 Enzymes of unknown structure