1159 BC: The Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic cooling. 1154 BC: Death of exiled Queen Helen of Sparta at Rhodes (estimated date). 1150 BC: End of Egyptian rule in Canaan, with Ramesses VI the last Pharaoh acknowledged. 1150 BC: Demophon, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son Oxyntes. 1137 BC: Ramses VII begins his reign as the sixth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. 1138 BC: Oxyntes, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by his elder son Apheidas. 1137 BC: Apheidas, legendary King of Athens, is assassinated and succeeded by his younger brother Thymoetes after a reign of 1 year. 1128 BC: Thymoetes, legendary King of Athens, dies childless after a reign of 8 years. He is succeeded by his designated heir Melanthus of Pylos, a fifth-generation descendant of Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the Boeotians. 1122 BC: Legendary founding date of the city of Pyongyang. 1120 BC: Troy VIIb1 is destroyed. 1115 BC: Tiglath-Pileser I becomes King of Assyria. 1104 BC: Cádiz (Gadir) founded by Phoenicians in southwestern Spain. 1100 BC: Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hittites. 1100 BC: The Dorians supposedly invade Greece. 1100 BC: Beginning of the proto-Villanovan culture in northern Italy. 1100 BC: Mycenaean civilization ends. Start of Greek Dark Ages. 1100 BC: The New Kingdom in Egypt comes to an end. Elamite invaders loot art treasures from Mesopotamia and carry them into Susa. Fang ding, from Tomb 1004, Houjiazhuang, Anyang, Henan, is made. Shang dynasty, Anyang period. It is now kept at Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (approximate date). Inventions, discoveries, introductions 1100s BC—Alphabet developed by the Phoenicians Sovereign states See: List of sovereign states in the 12th century BC References -8 -88