essentially the 1872 version with some minor musical variants and small cuts. The 1874 vocal score does not constitute a 'third version', but rather a refinement of the 1872 Revised Version. Scene structure The distribution of scenes in the authorial versions is as follows: Upon revising the opera, Mussorgsky initially replaced the St. Basil's Scene with the Kromï Scene. However, on the suggestion of Vladimir Nikolsky, he transposed the order of the last two scenes, concluding the opera with the Kromï Scene rather than the Faceted Palace Scene. This gives the overall structure of the 1872 Revised Version the following symmetrical form: Editions by other hands Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, 1896 Rimsky-Korsakov, 1908 Emilis Melngailis, 1924 Dmitri Shostakovich, 1940 Karol Rathaus, 1952 The Rimsky-Korsakov Version of 1908 has been the most traditional version over the last century, but has recently been almost entirely eclipsed by Mussorgsky's Revised Version (1872). It resembles the Vocal Score of 1874, but the order of the last two scenes is reversed [see Versions by Other Hands in this article for more details]. Roles Note: Roles designated with an asterisk (*) do not appear in the 1869 Original Version. 'Yuródivïy' is often translated as 'Simpleton' or 'Idiot'. However, 'Holy Fool' is a more accurate English equivalent. In other roles lists created by Mussorgsky, Pimen is designated a monk (инок), Grigoriy a novice (послушник), Rangoni a Cardinal (кардинал), Varlaam and Misail vagrant-monks (бродяги-чернецы), the Innkeeper a hostess (хозяйка), and Khrushchov a Voyevoda (воевода). Pimen, Grigoriy, Varlaam, and Misail were likely given non-clerical designations to satisfy the censor. Instrumentation Mussorgsky orchestration Strings: violins I & II, violas, cellos, double basses Woodwinds: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling english horn), 3 clarinets, 2 bassoons Brass: 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba Percussion: timpani, bass drum, snare drum, tambourine, cymbals Other: piano, harp On/Offstage instruments: 1 trumpet, bells, tam-tam Rimsky-Korsakov orchestration Strings: violins I & II, violas, cellos, double basses Woodwinds: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling english horn), 3 clarinets (3rd doubling bass clarinet), 2 bassoons Brass: 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba Percussion: timpani, bass drum, snare drum, tambourine, cymbals Other: piano, harp On/Offstage instruments: 1 trumpet, bells, tam-tam Shostakovich orchestration Strings: violins I & II, violas, cellos, double basses Woodwinds: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, english horn, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling E-flat clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons