Year 1538 (MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June February 24 – Treaty of Nagyvárad: Peace is declared between Ferdinand I, future Holy Roman Emperor and the Ottoman Empire. John Zápolya is recognized as King of Hungary (Eastern Hungarian Kingdom), while Ferdinand retains the northern and western parts of the Kingdom, and is recognized as heir to the throne. April 26 – Battle of Las Salinas: Almagro is defeated by Francisco Pizarro, who then seizes Cusco. June 18 – Truce of Nice: Peace is declared between Emperor Charles V and Francis I of France. June 19 – Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: The newly founded Bisham Abbey is dissolved. July–December August 6 – Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Ottoman fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent, under the command of Hayreddin Barbarossa, defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V, under the command of Andrea Doria. September 29–October 6 – The last significant volcanic eruption in the Phlegraean Fields of Italy creates Monte Nuovo. October 28 – The first university of the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is founded on the island of Hispaniola. November 6 – The end of the Siege of Diu as the Gujarat and Ottoman forces withdraw from the Portuguese-held city. November 30 Sucre, Bolivia, is founded under the name Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo. Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: Byland Abbey is dissolved. December 17 – Pope Paul III confirms the excommunication of Henry VIII of England from the Roman Catholic church. Date unknown Michelangelo starts work on the Piazza del Campidoglio on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. The first in a decade-long series of severe famines and epidemics sweep central and southeastern China during the Ming dynasty, made worse by a decision of 1527 to cut back on the intake of grain quotas for granaries. In China, a tsunami floods over the seawall in Haiyan County of Zhejiang province, inundating fields with saltwater, ruining many acres of crops. This drives up the price of foodstuffs, and many are forced to live off of tree bark and weeds (as Wang Wenlu states in his writing of 1545). Paracelsus visits Villach. Births January 6 – Jane Dormer, English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (d. 1612) January 10