Events January 18 – The 7.9 Tenshō earthquake strikes the Chubu region of Japan, triggering a tsunami and causing at least 8,000 deaths. June 16 – The deposed and imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir. July 6 – The Treaty of Berwick is signed between Queen Elizabeth I of England and King James VI of Scotland. July 21 – English explorer Thomas Cavendish begins the first deliberately planned circumnavigation of the globe. September 20–21 – Execution of the Babington Plotters: The 14 men convicted of a plot (uncovered on July 17) to murder Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots, are hanged, drawn and quartered (the first seven being disembowelled before death) in St Giles Field, London. September 22 – Battle of Zutphen: Spanish troops defeat the Dutch rebels and their English allies. English poet and courtier Sir Philip Sidney is mortally wounded. October 15–25 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is placed on treason trial at Fotheringhay Castle in England for complicity in the Babington Plot and sentenced to death. November 19 – English Separatist Puritan Henry Barrowe is imprisoned. December 17 – The reign of Emperor Ōgimachi of Japan ends, and Emperor Go-Yōzei ascends to the throne. Date unknown Flemish mathematician Simon Stevin publishes a study showing that two objects of different weight fall with the same speed. St. Augustine, Florida, and Santo Domingo (modern day Dominican Republic) are plundered and burned by English sea captain Sir Francis Drake. Jacobus Gallus composes his motet O magnum mysterium. English topographer William Harrison becomes canon of Windsor. António da Madalena from Portugal is the first westerner to visit Angkor Wat. English ship Vanguard, the first Royal Navy vessel to bear this name, is launched at Woolwich. The cities of Voronezh, Samara, and Tyumen in Russia are founded. Births January 1 – Pau Claris i Casademunt, Catalan ecclesiastic (d. 1641) January 20 – Johann Hermann Schein, German composer of the early Baroque era (d. 1630) January 29 – Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1617–1631) (d. 1631) February 8 – Jacob Praetorius, German Baroque composer and organist (d. 1651) February 15 – Jacques de Bela, French writer (d. 1667) February 20 – Hachisuka Yoshishige, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1620) February 24 – Matthias Faber, German Jesuit priest, writer (d. 1653) February 26 – Niccolò Cabeo, Italian Jesuit writer, theologian (d.