track in the .mov file wrapper) for standard-definition video, and finally a QuickTime 708 closed caption track (a special 708 coded track in the .mov file wrapper) for high-definition video output. Alternatively, Matrox video systems devised another mechanism for inserting closed caption data by allowing the video editor to include CEA-608 and CEA-708 in a discrete audio channel on the video editing timeline. This allows real-time preview of the captions while editing and is compatible with Final Cut Pro 6 and 7. Other non-linear editing systems indirectly support closed captioning only in Standard Definition line-21. Video files on the editing timeline must be composited with a line-21 VBI graphic layer known in the industry as a "blackmovie" with closed caption data. Alternately, video editors working with the DV25 and DV50 FireWire workflows must encode their DV .avi or .mov file with VAUX data which includes CEA-608 closed caption data. Logo The current and most familiar logo for closed captioning consists of two Cs (for "closed captioned") inside a television screen. It was created at WGBH. The other logo, trademarked by the National Captioning Institute, is that of a simple geometric rendering of a television set merged with the tail of a speech balloon; two such versions exist – one with a tail on the left, the other with a tail on the right. See also Speech-to-text reporter (captioner), an occupation Fansub Same Language Subtitling Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange (SAMI) file format Sign language on television Subtitle (captioning) Surtitles Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) file format References Sources Realtime Captioning... The VITAC Way by Amy Bowlen and Kathy DiLorenzo (no ISBN) BBC Subtitles (Captions) Editorial Guidelines Closed Captioning: Subtitling, Stenography, and the Digital Convergence of Text with Television by Gregory J. Downey () The Closed Captioning Handbook by Gary D. Robson () Alternative Realtime Careers: A Guide to Closed Captioning and CART for Court Reporters by Gary D. Robson () A New Civil Right: Telecommunications Equality for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Americans by Karen Peltz Strauss () Enabling The Disabled by Michael Karagosian (no ISBN) External links Closed Captioning of Video Programming - 47 C.F.R. 79.1-From the Federal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau FCC Consumer Facts on Closed Captioning Alan Newell, Inventor of Closed Captioning, Teletext for the Deaf, 1982 Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education-From the Education Resources Information Center Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy