In addition, there are two monophthongal pronunciations, as in 'no, nah' and , which is used in non-prominent variants. "coat" and have somewhat tenser onsets than in RP: , , according to , is being increasingly merged with ~ . may be or . , , , and can be monophthongised to , , (if it doesn't merge with ~ ), and ~ . states that "no rigid rules can be given for the distribution of monophthongal and diphthongal variants, though the tendency seems to be for the monophthongal variants to be commonest within the utterance, but the diphthongal realisations in utterance-final position, or where the syllable in question is otherwise prominent." Disyllabic realizations of are also possible, and at least are regarded as very strongly Cockney. Among these, the triphthongal realization of occurs most commonly. There is not a complete agreement about the distribution of these; according to , they "occur in sentence-final position", whereas according to , these are "most common in final position". Other vowel differences include may be or , with the latter occurring before voiced consonants, particularly before : "back", "bad" may be , , or before certain voiced consonants, particularly before : "bed" may be a somewhat less open : "cot" has a fully back variant, qualitatively equivalent to cardinal 5, which Beaken (1971) claims characterises "vigorous, informal" Cockney. is on occasion somewhat fronted and/or lightly rounded, giving Cockney variants such as , . → or a quality like that of cardinal 4, : "jumped up" → or a closing diphthong of the type when in non-final position, with the latter variants being more common in broad Cockney: "sauce"-"source", "laud"-"lord", "water" → or a centring diphthong/triphthong of the type when in final position, with the latter variants being more common in broad Cockney; thus "saw"-"sore"-"soar", "law"-"lore", "war"-"wore". The diphthong is retained before inflectional endings, so that board and pause can contrast with bored and paws . has a somewhat tenser onset than the cardinal , that is . becomes something around or even in broad Cockney before dark l. These variants are retained when the addition of a suffix turns the dark l clear. Thus a phonemic split has occurred in London English, exemplified by the minimal pair wholly vs. holy . The development of L-vocalisation (see next section) leads to further pairs such as sole-soul vs. so-sew , bowl vs. Bow , shoulder