II stay in Sicily over the winter months waiting for the weather to improve before continuing their journey to the Holy Land. Siege of Silves – the Almohad caliph, Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, fails to reconquer Silves, Portugal. England London adopts the Cross of St. George, the red cross on a white background. The flag is also used by the fleet of Genoa, and allows the ships from London to use the flag for protection when they enter the Mediterranean on trading missions. March 18 – A massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews in York, results in the deaths of 150–500 Jews in Clifford's Tower. By topic Art and Science On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy (ar. Kitab fasl al-maqal), by Averroes, is first published. Speculum Virginum, a German manuscript, is published (approximate date). Education Emo of Friesland, a Frisian scholar and abbot, commences his study at what will become the University of Oxford. Religion Cartmel Priory is founded by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, in England. King Stefan Nemanja founds the Studenica Monastery in Serbia. Births July 24 – Yelü Chucai, Chinese statesman (d. 1244) December 30 – Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Arab scholar (d. 1258) Benedetto Sinigardi, Italian Franciscan friar (d. 1282) Gerhard II of Lippe, German archbishop (d. 1258) Heinrich I von Müllenark, German archbishop (d. 1238) Helvis of Cyprus, princess of Antioch (approximate date) Henry II of Bar, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239) Ida of Nivelles, Belgian Cistercian nun and mystic (d. 1231) John (the Old), French nobleman and knight (d. 1267) Klement of Ruszcza, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1256) Luce de Gast, English nobleman (approximate date) Maria of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1260) Peter González (or Pedro), Castilian priest (d. 1246) Pietro della Vigna, Italian jurist and diplomat (d. 1249) Richer of Senones, French monk and chronicler (d. 1266) Roger I of Fézensaguet, French nobleman (d. 1245) Sayf al-Din al-Bakharzi, Persian theologian (d. 1261) Sorghaghtani Beki, mother of Kublai Khan (d. 1252) Tbeli Abuserisdze, Georgian scholar and writer (d. 1240) Theodora Angelina, Byzantine noblewoman (d. 1246) Vincent of Beauvais, French encyclopedist (d. 1264) William Marshal, English nobleman and knight (d. 1231) William Perault, French preacher and writer (d. 1271) Władysław Odonic, duke of Greater Poland (d. 1239) Yuan Haowen, Chinese politician and poet (d. 1257) Zulema L'Astròloga, Moorish astronomer (approximate date) Deaths February 18 – Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen