old enough to take control of it. The 12-year-old William Marshal is sent to the Château de Tancarville in Normandy to be brought up in the household of William the Tancarville, a cousin of William's mother. He begins his training as a knight, this also includes academic studies, practical lessons in chivalry and courtly life, and warfare and combat (using wooden swords and spears). Welsh forces under Ifor Bach (Ivor the Short) attack Cardiff Castle and kidnap William Fitz Robert, Norman lord of Glamorgan, along with his family. Asia September 5 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa abdicates the throne after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son Nijō as the 77th emperor of Japan. Go-Shirakawa retains power, and gives Kiyomori Taira a higher position to lead a samurai-dominated government. By topic Economy The English Pound Sterling (currency) is introduced. Education The University of Bologna is granted its first privileges by Frederick I. Religion The Diocese of Derry is founded in Ireland. Births August 6 – Al-Nasir li-Din Allah, Abbasid caliph (d. 1225) September 23 – Geoffrey II, duke of Brittany (d. 1186) Albert I (the Proud), margrave of Meissen (d. 1195) Baldwin of Bethune, French nobleman (d. 1212) Ermengol VIII (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1208) Fujiwara no Ietaka, Japanese (waka) poet (d. 1237) Giordano Forzatè, Italian religious leader (d. 1248) Henry I, French nobleman and knight (d. 1190) Henry I (the Elder), German nobleman (d. 1223) Jinul (or Chinul), Korean Zen Master (d. 1210) Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII (d. 1197) Philip of Dreux, bishop of Beauvais (d. 1217) Satō Tsugunobu, Japanese warrior (d. 1185) Taira no Shigehira, Japanese general (d. 1185) Theobald I, French nobleman and knight (d. 1214) Valdemar Knudsen, Danish bishop (d. 1236) Yvette of Huy, Belgian anchoress (d. 1228) Deaths April 26 – Martirius, archbishop of Esztergom July 19 – Wibald, German monk and abbot (b. 1098) July 27 – Geoffrey VI, count of Nantes (b. 1134) August 20 – Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, Earl of Orkney August 31 – Sancho III, king of Castile (b. 1134) September 22 – Otto I, German bishop (b. 1114) December 15 – Frederick II, German archbishop Abu Jafar ibn Atiyya, Almohad vizier and writer Anselm of Havelberg, German bishop (b. 1100) Barthélemy de Jur, French bishop (b. 1080) Oda of Brabant, Belgian prioress and saint Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson, Norwegian pirate References