that "although many aspects of human linguistic competence have indeed evolved biologically, specific grammatical principles and constructions have not. And universals in the grammatical structure of different languages have come from more general processes and constraints of human cognition, communication, and vocal-auditory processing, operating during the conventionalization and transmission of the particular grammatical constructions of particular linguistic communities." See also Applicative universal grammar Broca's area Native language Optimality theory Origin of language Psychological nativism Universal language Universal Networking Language Notes References Baker, Mark C. The Atoms of Language: The Mind's Hidden Rules of Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2003. . Beattie, James. "Of Universal Grammar". Section II, The Theory of Language (1788). Rpt in Dissertations Moral and Critical (1783, 1986.) Blair, Hugh. Lecture 6, 7, and 8, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, (1783). Rpt New York: Garland, 1970. Burnett, James. Of the Origin and Progress of Language. Edinburgh, 1774–1792. Chomsky, N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press, 1965. . Elman, J., Bates, E. et al. Rethinking innateness. MIT Press, 1996. Harris, James. Hermes or A Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Universal Grammar. (1751, 1771.) Kliesch, C. (2012). Making sense of syntax – Innate or acquired? Contrasting universal grammar with other approaches to language acquisition. Journal of European Psychology Students, 3, 88–94, "Of Universal Grammar". In "Grammar". Encyclopædia Britannica, (1771). Pesetsky, David. "Linguistic Universals and Universal Grammar". In The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Ed. Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1999. Sampson, G. The "Language Instinct" Debate. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. . Smith, Adam. "Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages". In Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. Ed. J. C. Bryce. Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1983, 203–226. Smith, Adam. "Of the Origin and Progress of Language". Lecture 3, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. Ed. J. C. Bryce. Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1983, 9–13. Tomasello, M. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Harvard University Press, 2003. . Window on Humanity. A Concise Introduction to Anthropology. Conrad Phillip Kottak. Ed. Kevin Witt, Jill Gordon. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2005. White, Lydia. "Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar". Cambridge University Press, 2003. Zuidema, Willem. How the poverty of stimulus solves the poverty of stimulus''. "Evolution of Language: Fourth International Conference", Harvard University, March 2002. Philosophy of language Linguistic theories and hypotheses Cognitive science Language acquisition Linguistic universals