– Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (d. 1574) January 13 – Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1595) January 15 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1599) January 16 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (d. 1565) February 23 – Dorothy Catherine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1604) March 25 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612) April 24 – Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (d. 1587) April 26 – Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (d. 1600) June 30 – Bonaventura Vulcanius, Flemish Renaissance humanist (d. 1614) July 8 – Alberto Bolognetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585) July 12 – Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Portuguese infanta (d. 1577) September 21 – Lewis Mordaunt, 3rd Baron Mordaunt, English Member of Parliament (d. 1601) September 29 Count Johan II of East Frisia (d. 1591) Joan Terès i Borrull, Viceroy of Catalonia (d. 1603) October 2 – Saint Charles Borromeo, Spanish saint and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1584) October 17 – Irene di Spilimbergo, Italian Renaissance poet and painter (d. 1559) November 16 – Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitor, missionary Archbishop of Lima (d. 1606) December 6 – Francesco Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1566) December 8 – Miklós Istvánffy, Hungarian politician (d. 1615) December 10 – Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (d. 1612) December 11 – Sigismund of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Administrator of Halberstadt (d. 1566) December 13 – Sigrid Sture, Swedish Governor (d. 1613) December 19 – Jan Zborowski, Polish noble (d. 1603) December 21 – Luigi d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586) date unknown François de Bar, French scholar (d. 1606) Diane de France, illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France (d. 1619) Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Welsh-born statesman (d. 1601) Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (d. 1568) Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (d. 1607) Deaths January 8 – Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1504) February 3 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (b. 1488) February 7 – Olav Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of Norway (born c. 1480). February 12 – Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. c. 1480) March 18 – Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1472) April 3 – Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1480) April 4 – Elena Glinskaya, Regent of Russia (b. c. 1510) May 8 – Edward Foxe,