February 26 – David Chytraeus, German historian and theologian (d. 1600) March 11 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1573) May 5 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, French nobleman (d. 1574) May 7 – Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French Protestant general (d. 1569) June 17 – François de Montmorency, French nobleman (d. 1579) June 20 – Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg, German physician (d. 1598) July 3 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (d. 1602) August 1 – Daniel, Count of Waldeck (d. 1577) August 11 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (d. 1565) August 14 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1590) August 25 – Ivan IV of Russia (d. 1584) September 30 – Geronimo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606) October 1 – Walter Aston, English politician (d. 1589) October 21 – Jacques Jonghelinck, Flemish sculptor (d. 1606) October 30 – Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1587) November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (d. 1563) November 6 – Josias Simler, Swiss scholar (d. 1576) December 1 – Bernardino Realino, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616) December 5 – Nikolaus Selnecker, German musician (d. 1592) date unknown Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist (d. 1589) Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (d. 1569) Christopher Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1581) Jean Bodin, French jurist (d. 1596) Pey de Garros, Provençal poet (d. 1585) Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki, Polish bishop, political thinker and philosopher (d. 1607) Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (d. 1566) Kōriki Kiyonaga, Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods (d. 1608) Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (d. 1584) Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar (d. 1606) Richard Tarlton, English actor (d. 1588) Mordecai Yoffe, Bohemian author of Levush Malkhut (d. 1612) Anastasia Romanovna, Russian Tsaritsa (d. 1560) probable Moses Isserles, Polish rabbi and Talmudist (d. 1572) Claude Le Jeune, French composer (d. 1600) Gráinne O'Malley, Irish ruler (d. 1603) Teodora Ginés, Dominican musician and composer (d. 1598) Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain and rebel (d. 1567) Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chieftain of Tyrone (d. 1595) Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (d. 1568) Nicholas Sanders, English Catholic propagandist (d. 1581) Ruy López de Segura, Spanish priest (d. 1580) Deaths February 7 – Enrique de Cardona y Enríquez, Spanish Catholic cardinal and bishop (b. 1485) February 24 – Properzia de' Rossi, Italian Renaissance sculptor (b. c. 1490) April 12 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess