the absolutist monarchy of King Charles, begin at the St. Mary's Church, Putney about what form of government would replace the monarchy in the new republican Commonwealth of England. November 13 – Battle of Knocknanuss: An Irish confederate force is destroyed by the army of Parliament; Alasdair MacColla is killed. November 15 – Henry of Guise lands in Naples, to become the leader of the Neapolitan Republic. December 28 – King Charles of England promises a church reform. This agreement leads to the Second English Civil War. Date unknown Aberystwyth Castle in Wales, a former Royalist stronghold, is razed to the ground after "a battery of cannon erected on the top of Pendinas hill by Cromwell" and the Parliamentarian troops. The word Geysir is first used in Iceland, by Bishop Sveinson. Dutch artist Salomon van Ruysdael completes the oil painting, The Crossing at Nijmegen (70 × 89 cm). Births January–March January 2 – Nathaniel Bacon, Virginia colonist, rebel (d. 1676) January 6 Christian William I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1666–1720) (d. 1721) William Wall, English theologian (d. 1728) January 7 – Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1677) February 11 – Elisabeth Charlotte of Anhalt-Harzgerode, by marriage Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (d. 1723) February 17 William Hay, Scottish clergyman and prelate (d. 1707) Philipp Reinhard Vitriarius, German lawyer (d. 1720) February 18 – Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry, French Benedictine scholar (d. 1724) March 1 – John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1693) March 12 – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French soldier and general (d. 1727) March 17 – Johann Wolfgang Jäger, German theologian (d. 1720) March 19 – Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt-Bernburg, duchess consort of Württemberg-Bernstadt (d. 1680) March 20 – Jean de Hautefeuille, French cleric, scientist (d. 1724) April–June April 1 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet and courtier of King Charles II's Restoration court (d. 1680) April 2 – Maria Sibylla Merian, German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator (d. 1717) April 3 – Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet, English statesman (d. 1709) April 16 – Matthijs Naiveu, Dutch painter (d. 1726) April 18 – Elias Brenner, Finnish artist (d. 1717) April 26 – William Ashhurst, Lord Mayor of London (1693–1694) (d. 1720) May 20 – Basilius Petritz, German composer and Kreuzkirche (d. 1715) June 3 – Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg, German noblewoman, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (d. 1687) June 17 – James Kendall, English soldier,