A base-ejecting projectile which can come in two versions: felt-wedge and standard. White phosphorus smoke is used to start fires, burn a target, or to create smoke which is useful in concealing the movements of friendly units. Illumination Illumination projectiles are base-ejecting rounds which deploy a bright parachute flare ideally 600 meters above the ground and illuminate an area of approximately 1 grid square (1 square kilometer). Illumination rounds are often used in conjunction with HE rounds to illuminate the target area so that HE rounds can be fired more effectively. Illumination rounds can also be used during the daytime to mark targets for aircraft. The M485 illumination round burns for 120 seconds. Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) A base-ejecting projectile that drops 88 bomblets above a target. Each bomblet has a shaped-charge munition capable of penetrating two inches of solid steel as well as a fragmentation casing which is effective against infantry in the open. The DPICM round is effective against armored vehicles, even tanks (since the deck armor is usually the thinnest on the vehicle), and is also extremely useful against entrenched infantry in positions with overhead cover. Area Denial Artillery Munition System (ADAMS) An artillery round that releases anti-personnel mines. These mines eject tripwires to act as booby traps, and when triggered are launched upward before exploding. They are designed to self-destruct after a pre-determined period. Remote Anti Armor Mine System (RAAMS) An artillery round that releases anti-armor mines, usually used along with ADAMS rounds to prevent the antitank mines from being removed. Designed to self-destruct after a pre-determined period. Copperhead An artillery launched guided high-explosive munition used for very precise targeting of high-value targets such as tanks and fortifications. No longer produced or used by the US military, it required the target to be designated with a laser designator system. Sense and Destroy ARMor (SADARM) An experimental munition fired in the general direction of an enemy vehicle. The shell activates at a certain point in time ejecting a parachute and then guides itself to the nearest vehicle. XM454 AFAP (artillery fired atomic projectile) (W48) The XM454 AFAP (W48) nuclear artillery shell had a 155mm caliber and an explosive yield of only . All units were retired from service in 1992. Replacement BAE Systems won the contract to replace the M198 in the US Army and Marine Corps with its M777 155 mm/39 cal towed howitzer, which