Year 1570 (MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod. January 23 – The assassination of Scottish regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, by James Hamilton (the first recorded assassination using a firearm in Europe), throws Scotland into civil war. February 8 – A magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs in Concepción, Chile. February 15 – Venus occults Jupiter; this will next happen in 1818. February 25 – Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England, with the bull Regnans in Excelsis. May 20 – Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, in Antwerp. May 24 – Battle of Manila: The Spanish, led by Martín de Goiti, defeat the forces of Raja Sulayman. June 10 – The Kingdom of Livonia is established. July–December July 3 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus begins. July 14 – Pope Pius V issues Quo primum, promulgating the 1570 edition of the Roman Missal. July 22 – Thomson Snell & Passmore is founded, the oldest law firm in operation. July 30 – Battle of Anegawa: The allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans. August 8 – The Peace of Saint-Germain ends the Third War of Religion in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy. August 16 – The Treaty of Speyer is signed between John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania and Maximilian II, King of Hungary. September 10 – A party of ten Spanish Jesuit missionaries land on the Virginia Peninsula of North America to establish the Ajacán Mission, which will be massacred in February 1571. November 16-17 – The 1570 Ferrara earthquake strikes the Italian city of Ferrara. After the initial shocks, a sequence of aftershocks continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571. December 13 – The Treaty of Stettin ends the Northern Seven Years' War. Date unknown Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo (in the service of Miguel López de Legazpi) begins the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila. Construction of the original Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción, the oldest church in Venezuela, begins. The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is known to be in existence in London. By 2017, when it closes its premises