his career, to the College of Charleston, insisting that the collection be known under Towles' name alone. In 1989, Turnbull moved to Bloomington, Indiana, to participate in the building of Tibetan Cultural Center with his friend Thupten Jigme Norbu, elder brother of the 14th Dalai Lama. Later Turnbull moved to Dharamsala, India where he took the monks' vow of Tibetan Buddhism, given to him by the Dalai Lama. Turnbull's partner, Joseph A Towles died of AIDS in 1988, and Turnbull had Towles book "Nkumbi Initiation and Asa: Myth of Origin of the Blood Brotherhood Among the Mbo of the Ituri Forest" published posthumously. Turnbull himself died of AIDS in 1994. Controversy Bernd Heine exemplifies the strong reaction evoked by Turnbull's evaluation of the Ik in a 1985 article. Using information gained 20 years after Turnbull's researches, he provided new information that appeared to discredit the portrayal of the Ik provided by Turnbull. Many people found Turnbull's accounts of the Ik disturbing; however, his graphic descriptions were placed into context by interviews he did with older Ik to contrast the older society that existed prior to displacement. BBC Radio 4 broadcast 10 March 2021 a review by Matthew Syed of the influence of Turnbull's Mountain People and its subsequent reassessment and revision by anthropologists. Publications 1961 The Forest People. 1962 The Lonely African. 1962 The Peoples of Africa. 1965 Wayward Servants: The Two Worlds of the African Pygmies. 1966 Tradition and Change in African Tribal Life. 1968 Tibet: Its History, Religion and People. (with Thubten Jigme Norbu). 1972 The Mountain People. 1973 Africa and Change editor. 1976 Man in Africa. 1978 "Rethinking the Ik: A functional Non-Social System". In: Charles D. Laughlin, Jr.; Ivan A. Brady (ed.): Extinction and Survival in Human Populations. New York: Columbia University Press 1983 The Human Cycle. 1983 The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation. 1992 Music of the Rain Forest Pygmies: The Historic Recordings Made By Colin M. Turnbull Label: Lyrichord Discs Inc. "The Mbuti Pygmies: An Ethnographic Survey" in Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 50: 139–282 See also Simha Arom, who also studied pygmy culture References Sources Grinker, Roy R. In the Arms of Africa: The Life of Colin M. Turnbull, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. Smithsonian Institution: Review of In the Arms of Africa, AnthroNotes, Vol. 22, No. 1, Fall 2000. External links Inventory of the Joseph A. Towles