story's conceit that the former Count of Luna had not one but two sons. Recordings References Notes Cited sources (hardcover); (paperback). (1921). The Opera Goer's Complete Guide. . View at Google Books. Osborne, Charles (1977). The Complete Operas of Verdi. New York: Da Capo Press. . Osborne, Charles (2007). The Opera Lover's Companion. Yale University Press. . Preview at Google Books. Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane (1993), Verdi: A Biography, London & New York: Oxford University Press. Parker, Roger, "Il trovatore" in Stanley Sadie, (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Four. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. 1998 Pitou, Spire (1990). The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Growth and Grandeur, 1815–1914. New York: Greenwood Press. . Tambling, Jeremy (1987). Opera, Ideology and Film. Manchester University Press. Werfel, Franz and Stefan, Paul (1973), Verdi: The Man and His Letters, New York, Vienna House. Other sources Baldini, Gabriele (1970), (trans. Roger Parker, 1980), The Story of Giuseppe Verdi: Oberto to Un Ballo in Maschera. Cambridge, et al: Cambridge University Press. Chusid, Martin, (ed.) (1997), Verdi’s Middle Period, 1849 to 1859, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. De Van, Gilles (trans. Gilda Roberts) (1998), Verdi’s Theater: Creating Drama Through Music. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. (hardback), Gossett, Philip (2006), Divas and Scholar: Performing Italian Opera, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Martin, George, Verdi: His Music, Life and Times (1983), New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. Parker, Roger (2007), The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. Pistone, Danièle (1995), Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera: From Rossini to Puccini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. Toye, Francis (1931), Giuseppe Verdi: His Life and Works, New York: Knopf Walker, Frank, The Man Verdi (1982), New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Warrack, John and West, Ewan, The Oxford Dictionary of Opera New York: Oxford University Press: 1992 External links Synopsis, libretto, giuseppeverdi.it Operas by Giuseppe Verdi Italian-language operas 1853 operas Operas Operas set in Spain Operas set in the 15th century