21 – Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1599) March 25 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587) April 8 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and gardener (d. 1593) April 12 – Ipatii Potii, Metropolitan of Kiev (d. 1613) September 7 Luigi Groto, Italian lutenist and poet (d. 1588) Hernando de Cabezón, Spanish musician (d. 1602) September 16 – Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, English nobleman (d. 1576) September 17 – Roberto de' Nobili, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1559) September 21 – Anna of Nassau-Dillenburg, Countess consort of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1616) November 9 – Menso Alting, Dutch preacher and reformer (d. 1612) November 25 – Michele Bonelli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1598) December 12 – Johann Bauhin, Swiss botanist (d. 1613) date unknown Pierre Charron, French philosopher (d. 1603) El Greco, or Domênikos Theotokópoulos (Greek: Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος), Cretian painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1614) Hatano Hideharu, Japanese samurai (d. 1579) Mizuno Tadashige, Japanese nobleman (d. 1600) Guðbrandur Þorláksson, Icelandic mathematician (d. 1627) Hattori Hanzō, Japanese ninja who served under Tokugawa Ieyasu (d. 1596) Deaths January 2 – Wang Gen, Chinese philosopher (b. 1483) January 5 – Philip of the Palatinate, Bishop of Freising and Naumburg (b. 1480) April – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (b. 1480) April 21 – James, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (b. 1540) April 24 – Celio Calcagnini, Italian astronomer (b. 1479) April 29 – Johann Gramann, German theologian (b. 1487) May 27 – Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury (executed) (b. 1473) June 26 – Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistador (b. c. 1475) July 4 – Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish conquistador (b. 1495) August – Juan de Valdés, Spanish religious writer (b. 1500) August 1 – Simon Grynaeus, German scholar and theologian (b. 1493) August 18 – Henry IV, Duke of Saxony (1539–1541) (b. 1473) August 19 – Vincenzo Cappello, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1469) September 24 – Paracelsus, Swiss alchemist and physician (b. 1493) September – Beatriz de la Cueva, Governor of Guatemala (b. 1510) October 18 – Margaret Tudor, queen of James IV of Scotland (b. 1489) November – Wolfgang Fabricius Capito, German reformer (b. 1478) November 30 – Amago Tsunehisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1458) December 10 Thomas Culpeper, English courtier, lover of Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII (executed) (b. c. 1514) Francis Dereham, English lover of Catherine Howard (executed) December 24 – Andreas