(Kem.-Nath) A.P.Davis. Early molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed the genus was monophyletic and suggested four clades, which were labelled as series, and showed that Davis' subseries were not monophyletic. An expanded study in 2013 demonstrated seven major clades, corresponding to biogeographical distribution. This study used nuclear encoded nrITS (Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer), and plastid encoded matK (Maturase K), trnL-F, ndhF, and psbK–psbI, and examined all species recognised at the time, as well as two naturally occurring putative hybrids. The morphological characteristic of vernation that earlier authors had mainly relied on was shown to be highly homoplasious. A number of species, such as G. nivalis and G. elwesii demonstrated intraspecific biogeographical clades, indicating problems with speciation and there may be a need for recircumscription. These clades were assigned names, partly according to Davis' previous groupings. In this model clade, the group containing G. platyphyllus is sister to the rest of the genus. By contrast, another study performed at the same time, using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA, but limited to the 14 species found in Turkey, largely confirmed Davis' series and subseries, and with biogeographical correlation. Series Galanthus in this study corresponded to clade nivalis, subseries Glaucaefolii with clade Elwesii and subseries Viridifolii with clades Woronowii and Alpinus. However, the model did not provide complete resolution. Clades sensu Ronsted et al. 2013 Platyphyllus clade (Caucasus, W. Transcaucasus, NE Turkey) Galanthus krasnovii Khokhr. 1963 Galanthus platyphyllus Traub & Moldenke 1948 Galanthus panjutinii Zubov & A.P.Davis 2012 Trojanus clade (NW Turkey) Galanthus trojanus A.P.Davis & Özhatay 2001 Ikariae clade (Aegean Islands) Galanthus ikariae Baker 1893 Elwesii clade (Turkey, Aegean Islands, SE Europe) Galanthus cilicicus Baker 1897 Galanthus elwesii Hook.f. 1875 (2 variants) Galanthus gracilis Celak. 1891 Galanthus peshmenii A.P.Davis & C.D.Brickell 1994 Nivalis clade (Europe, NW Turkey) Galanthus nivalis L. 1753 Galanthus plicatus M.Bieb. 1819 (2 subspecies) Galanthus reginae-olgae Orph. 1874 (2 subspecies) Woronowii clade (Caucasus, E. and NE Turkey, N. Iran) Galanthus fosteri Baker 1889 Galanthus lagodechianus Kem.-Nath. 1947 Galanthus rizehensis Stern 1956 Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. 1935 Alpinus clade (Caucasus, NE Turkey, N.Iran) Galanthus × allenii Baker 1891 Galanthus angustifolius Koss 1951 Galanthus alpinus Sosn. (2 variants) 1911 Galanthus koenenianus Lobin 1993 Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin 1909 Unplaced Galanthus bursanus Zubov, Konca & A.P.Davis 2019 (NW Turkey) Galanthus samothracicus Kit Tan & Biel 2014 (Greece) Selected species Common snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis, grows to around 7–15 cm tall, flowering between January and April in