1 – Magnus Heinason, Faroese naval hero (d. 1589) January 11 – Guidobaldo del Monte, Italian mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (d. 1607) March – Gaspare Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon and anatomist (d. 1599) March 2 – Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and scholar, founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford (d. 1613) March 18 – Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, German bishop (d. 1617) March 25 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg (d. 1622) April 1 – Peder Claussøn Friis, Norwegian clergyman and author (d. 1614) April 2 – Elisabeth of Valois, queen of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568) April 15 – Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Duke of Oels (1565–1617), Duke of Bernstadt (1604–1617) (d. 1617) April 24 – Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton, English earl (d. 1581) April 28 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean naval commander (d. 1598) May 1 – Franciscus Junius, French theologian (d. 1602) May 22 – Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (d. 1569) June 6 – Jerome Gratian, Spanish Carmelite and writer (d. 1614) June 13 – Naitō Nobunari, Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province (d. 1612) June 19 – Princess Anna Maria of Sweden, Swedish royal (d. 1610) July 8 – Don Carlos of Spain, son of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568) August 1 – Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and religious reformer (d. 1622) August 27 – Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1592) September 7 – Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern, First Count of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1605) September 20 – Yamanaka Yukimori, Japanese samurai (d. 1578) October 15 – Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst, Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, later Countess of Barby-Mühlingen (d. 1574) October 19 – John Juvenal Ancina, Italian oratorian and bishop (d. 1604) November 20 – Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1592) November 25 – Ana de Jesús, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun and spiritual writer (d. 1621) December 6 – Janus Dousa, Dutch historian and noble (d. 1604) December 7 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1567) date unknown George Bannatyne, collector of Scottish poems (d. 1608) John Field, British Puritan clergyman and controversialist (d. 1588) John Gerard, English botanist (d. 1612) Ismihan Sultan, Ottoman princess, daughter of Selim II and wife of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (d. 1585) William Morgan, Welsh Bible translator (d. 1604) Azai Nagamasa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1573) Mashita Nagamori, Japanese warlord (d. 1615) probable – Nicholas