made some form of public oath but none used the original Hippocratic Oath. A modified form or an oath unique to that school is often used. A review of 18 of these oaths was criticized for their wide variability: "Consistency would help society see that physicians are members of a profession that’s committed to a shared set of essential ethical values.” Violation There is no direct punishment for breaking the Hippocratic Oath, although an arguable equivalent in modern times is medical malpractice, which carries a wide range of punishments, from legal action to civil penalties. In the United States, several major judicial decisions have made reference to the classical Hippocratic Oath, either upholding or dismissing its bounds for medical ethics: Roe v. Wade, Washington v. Harper, Compassion in Dying v. State of Washington (1996), and Thorburn v. Department of Corrections (1998). In antiquity, the punishment for breaking the Hippocratic oath could range from a penalty to losing the right to practice medicine. In 2022, a college in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu saw a batch of medical students undertaking a Sanskrit Oath by the name of ancient sage physician Maharishi Charak instead of the Hippocratic oath. The state government subsequently dismissed the Dean of the Madurai medical college for this act. See also Ethical codes of conduct for physicians Ethical principles for human experimentation Ethical practices for engineers References Further reading The Hippocratic Oath Today: Meaningless Relic or Invaluable Moral Guide? – a PBS NOVA online discussion with responses from doctors as well as 2 versions of the oath. pbs.org Lewis Richard Farnell, Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality, 1921. "Codes of Ethics: Some History" by Robert Baker, Union College in Perspectives on the Professions, Vol. 19, No. 1, Fall 1999 , ethics.iit.edu External links Hippocratic Oath, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (h2g2). Hippocratic Oath – Classical version, pbs.org Hippocratic Oath – Modern version, pbs.org Hippocratis jusiurandum – Image of a 1595 copy of the Hippocratic oath with side-by-side original Greek and Latin translation, bium.univ-paris5.fr Hippocrates | The Oath – National Institutes of Health page about the Hippocratic oath, nlm.nih.gov Tishchenko P. D. Resurrection of the Hippocratic Oath in Russia, zpu-journal.ru AMA Code of Medical Ethics Good Medical Practice (from Britain's General Medical Council) Hippocratic oath for Medical Bloggers Oaths of medicine Ancient Greek medicine Texts in Ionic Greek Philosophy of medicine hu:Hippokratész#A hippokratészi eskü