weeks after arrival at Pensacola, the Spanish missionary colony is decimated by a hurricane that kills hundreds, sinks five ships, with a galleon, and grounds a caravel; the 1,000 survivors divide to relocate/resupply the settlement, but suffer famine & attacks, and abandon the effort in 1561. September 21 – The 15-year-old King Francis II of France is crowned at Reims. The crown is too heavy for him, and has to be held in place by his nobles. December 25 – Pope Pius IV succeeds Pope Paul IV, as the 224th pope. Date unknown End of Reformation according to many historians. The University of Geneva is founded by John Calvin. John Calvin publishes the final edition of the Institutes of the Christian Religion. Oda Nobunaga wins control of his native province of Owari. Margaret of Parma becomes Governor of the Netherlands, in place of her brother, King Philip II of Spain. Jean Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal 1559–61, describes the medicinal properties of tobacco, which he introduces in the form of snuff to the French court. Pope Paul IV promulgates the Pauline Index, an early version of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. Births January 1 – Virginia Eriksdotter, Swedish noble (d. 1633) January 8 – William Helyar, English chaplain (d. 1645) January 25 – Aleixo de Menezes, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1617) February 7 – Catherine de Bourbon, Princess of Navarre and Duchess consort of Lorraine (d. 1604) February 18 – Isaac Casaubon, French-born classical scholar (d. 1614) February 19 – Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1588) February 21 – Nurhaci, Chinese emperor (d. 1626) March 12 – Christoph Brouwer, Dutch historian (d. 1617) March 16 – Amar Singh I, eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap of Mewar (d. 1620) March 26 – Wolf Dietrich Raitenau, Prince-Bishop of Salzburg (d. 1617) May 4 – Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby, Baroness Ellesmere and Viscountess Brackley (d. 1637) May 12 Stanisław Radziwiłł, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (d. 1599) Johann Georg Gödelmann, German demonologist (d. 1611) July 2 – Margareta Brahe, Swedish political activist (d. 1638) July 22 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian saint (d. 1619) July 27 – Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg and Countess consort of Oettingen-Oettingen (d. 1618) August 18 – Frederik van den Bergh, Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War (d. 1618) August 24 or September 1556 – Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer, horticulturalist (d. 1643) September 21 –