Commissioners of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Plymouth Colony (which are later merged into Massachusetts) begin a 10-day discussion on organizing a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe. November 11 Guru Teg Bahadur, ninth of the Sikh gurus, is executed by Mughal rulers, proclaiming that he prefers death rather than disavowing the right of Hindus to practice their own religion. He is succeeded by Guru Gobind Singh, who becomes the tenth Guru. Gottfried Leibniz makes the earliest known use of infinitesimal calculus in the breaking down of a function. December 11 – Antonio de Vea expedition enters San Rafael Lake in western Patagonia. December 19 – United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at the Great Swamp Fight. December 24 – 1675–1676 Malta plague epidemic begins. Date unknown Giovanni Cassini discovers the Cassini Division in the rings of Saturn. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek begins to use a microscope for observing human tissues and liquids. Births January 16 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755) January 27 – Erik Benzelius the younger, Swedish priest (d. 1743) February 21 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (d. 1750) February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726) March 31 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758) May 29 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715) June 1 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (d. 1755) July 5 – Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials July 12 – Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742) July 14 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747) September 2 – William Somervile, English poet (d. 1742) September 3 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751) September 27 – Dorothea Krag, Danish General Postmaster and noble (d. 1754) October 11 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729) October 21 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710) October 24 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749) date unknown William Jones, Welsh mathematician (d. 1749) Tarabai, Indian queen regent of the Maratha Empire (d. 1761) Cille Gad, Norwegian poet (d. 1711) Deaths January 9 – Francesco Maria Brancaccio, Catholic cardinal (b. 1592) January 26 – Domenico II Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1585) February 8 – Anna Moroni, Italian educator (b. 1613) February 9 – Gerhard Douw, Dutch painter (b. 1613) February 10 – Gervase Holles, English Member of Parliament (b. 1607) March