of Arronches on the Portuguese side of the border between Portugal and Spain, with the Portuguese Army outflanking and defeating a larger Spanish force. November 16 – The Krishnanattam, a series of eight dance dramas written by Mana Veda, Zamorin of Calicut in India to tell the epic of the Hindu god Krishna, is completed. November 30 – Jacques Dyel du Parquet completes his installment payments, totaling 41,500 French livres, to become the exclusive owner of the Caribbean islands of Martinique, Grenada, Saint Lucia and the Grenadines. November – John Casor, a servant of African descent in Northampton County of the colony of Virginia, leaves Anthony Johnson's farm, after claiming his contract of indenture had expired, and goes to work for a new employer, Robert Parker. Johnson sues Parker, claiming that Casor is a slave for life, rather than an indentured servant, and the court issues a landmark ruling on March 8, 1655, establishing African-Americans as property. December 7 – The Moti Masjid, an Islamic mosque made completely of white marble and within the walls of the Agra Fort in what is now the city of Agra in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, is dedicated by the Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan, on 16 Muharram 1064. December 12 – The dissolution of Barebone's Parliament is voted by its members after having passed laws for the Commonwealth of England. December 16 – The Instrument of Government in England becomes Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, being advised by a remodelled English Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England. Date unknown Marcello Malpighi, an Italian pioneer of microscopical anatomy becomes a doctor of medicine. Stephen Bachiler, a clergyman and early advocate for the separation of church and state returns to England after having spent more than 20 years overseas in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The gardens surrounding the Taj Mahal mausoleum are completed at Agra. Births January 6 – Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg (d. 1707) January 10 – Caspar Herman Hausmann, Danish-Norwegian general (d. 1718) January 11 – Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (d. 1714) January 11 – Paolo Alessandro Maffei, Italian antiquarian, humanist (d. 1716) January 14 – Robert Price (judge), British judge and politician (d. 1733) January