and who believes in deism, a form of natural religion — the idealization and devaluation of the non-European Other derived from the mirror logic of the Enlightenment belief that “men, everywhere and in all times, are the same.” 19th century Like Dryden's noble savage term, Pope's phrase “Lo, the Poor Indian!” was used to dehumanize the natives of North America for European purpose, and so justified white settlers’ conflicts with the local Indians for possession of the land. In the mid 19th century, the journalist-editor Horace Greeley published the essay “Lo! The Poor Indian!” (1859) about the social condition of the American Indian in the modern United States: Moreover, during the American Indian Wars (1609–1924) for possession of the land, European white settlers considered the Indians “an inferior breed of men” and mocked them by using the terms “Lo” and “Mr. Lo” as disrespectful forms of address. In the Western U.S., those terms of address also referred to East Coast humanitarians whose noble-savage conception of the American Indian was unlike the warrior who confronted and fought the frontiersman. Concerning the story of the settler Thomas Alderdice, whose wife was captured and killed by Cheyenne Indians, The Leavenworth, Kansas, Times and Conservative newspaper said: “We wish some philanthropists, who talk about civilizing the Indians, could have heard this unfortunate and almost broken-hearted man tell his story. We think [that the philanthropists] would at least have wavered a little in their [high] opinion of the Lo family.” Cultural stereotype The Roman Empire In Western literature, the Roman book De origine et situ Germanorum (On the Origin and Situation of the Germans, AD 98), by the historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus, introduced the anthropologic concept of the noble savage to the Western World; later a cultural stereotype who featured in the exotic-place tourism reported in the European travel literature of the 17th and the 18th centuries. Al-Andalus In the 12th-century Andalusian novel The Living Son of the Vigilant (Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, 1160), by the polymath Ibn Tufail, which explores the subject of natural theology as a means to understand the material world. The protagonist is a wild man isolated from his society, whose trials and tribulations lead him to knowledge of Allah by living a rustic life in harmony with Mother Nature. Kingdom of Spain In the 15th century, soon after arriving to the Americas in 1492, the Europeans employed the term savage to