Year 1443 (MCDXLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events <onlyinclude> January–December July 22 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (Old Zürich War): The forces of the city of Zürich are defeated, but the Swiss Confederacy have insufficient strength to besiege and take the city. November 8 – Battle of Niš: John Hunyadi and the army of the Crusade of Varna defeat three armies of the Ottoman Empire, and capture the city of Niš in modern-day Serbia; Skanderbeg deserts the Ottoman camp and goes to Albania. November 28 – Skanderbeg and his forces, rebelling against the Ottoman Empire, liberate Krujë, in Middle Albania, and raise the Albanian flag. Date unknown In Moldavia, the conflict between brothers and co-rulers Iliaș and Stephen II reignites, and Stephen captures Iliaș and blinds him, thus remaining sole ruler of the country. Portuguese explorer Nuno Tristão penetrates the Arguin Gulf, off the west coast of Africa. King Sejong the Great establishes Hangul, as the native alphabet of the Korean language. Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II. The Buddhist Zhihua Temple (智化寺) is built in Beijing, at the order of Wang Zhen, chief eunuch at the court of the Zhengtong Emperor of Ming Dynasty China. A powerful earthquake destroys the Timișoara Fortress in the Kingdom of Hungary Births January 27 – Albert III, Duke of Saxony (d. 1500) February 2 – Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1484) February 12 – Giovanni II Bentivoglio, Italian noble (d. 1508) February 23 – Matthias Corvinus, of Hungary (d. 1490) May 17 – Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (d. 1460) May 29 – Victor, Duke of Münsterberg, Reichsgraf, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (d. 1500) May 31 or 1441 – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, English noble, mother of King Henry VII, grandmother of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1509) June 29 – Anthony Browne, English knight (d. 1506) September 9 – Muhammad Jaunpuri (d. 1505) November 10 – Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (d. 1511) December 1 – Magdalena of France, French princess and regent of Navarre (d. 1495) December 5 – Pope Julius II (d. 1513) probable Piero del Pollaiuolo, Italian painter (d. 1496) Ygo Gales Galama,