thrust gain at = 60 km.as compared with only plasma injection. In this example, using solar wind parameters =8x10−21 kg/m3 and =500 km/s then =72 km and =4x10−8 T. With =60 km for =3 then and 28% from equation . The magnetic field only force with a coil radius of =2,900 m and coil current =1.6x106 A yields =3.5x10−4 T from equation and with =5 the magnetic force only is 51 N from equation . Given =12 as the multiplier for the magnetic only force then the MPS force 611 N. In 2017 Ueno published a design proposing use of multiple coils to generate a more complex magnetic field to increase thrust production. In 2020 Murayama and others published additional experimental results for a multi-pole MPD thruster. In 2020 Peng and others published MHD simulation results for a magnetic dipole with plasma injection operating in Low Earth orbit at 500 km within the Earth's Ionosphere where the ion number density is approximately 1011 (m−3). As reported in Figure 3, the magnetic field strength initially falls off as 1/r and then approaches 1/r2 at larger distances from the dipole. The radius of the artificial mini-magnetosphere could extend up to 200 m for this scenario. They reported that the injected plasma reduced magnetic field fall off rate and created of a drift current, similar to earlier reported MPS results for the solar wind. Plasma magnet (PM) The plasma magnet (PM) sail design introduced a different approach to generate a static magnetic dipole as illustrated in the figure. As shown in the detailed view on the right the field source is two relatively small crossed perpendicularly oriented antenna coils each of radius (m), each carrying a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) with the total current of (A) generated by an onboard power supply. The AC current applied to each coil is out of phase by 90 degrees and consequently generates a rotating magnetic field (RMF) with rotational speed (rad/s) chosen that is fast enough that positive ions do not rotate but the less massive electrons rotate at this speed. The figure illustrates rotation using color coded contours of constant magnetic strength, not magnetic field lines. In order to inflate the magnetospheric bubble the thermal plasma beta must be high and initially a plasma injection may be necessary, analogous to inflating a balloon when small and internal tension is high. After initial inflation, protons and