man he had a hand in almost every issue of national importance for almost two decades, while as a party leader he, along with Blaine, forged the Republican Party into the instrument that would lead the United States into the twentieth century." Notes References Works cited Books scholarly review and response by Calhoun at Pletcher, David M. The Awkward Years: American Foreign Relations under Garfield and Arthur (U of Missouri Press, 1962). online Periodicals Online Further reading Graff Henry F., ed. The Presidents: A Reference History (3rd ed. 2002) online Houdek, John Thomas. "James A. Garfield and Rutherford B. Hayes: A Study in State and National Politics" (PhD dissertation, Michigan State University; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1970. 7111871). Menke, Richard. "Media in America, 1881: Garfield, Guiteau, Bell, Whitman." Critical Inquiry 31.3 (2005): 638–664. North, Ira Lutts. "A rhetorical criticism of the speaking of James Abram Garfield, 1876-1880" (PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1953. DP69446). Rushford, Jerry Bryant. "Political Disciple: The Relationship Between James A. Garfield And The Disciples Of Christ" (PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1977. 7807029). Skidmore, Max J. "James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur." in Maligned Presidents: The Late 19th Century (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2014) pp. 63–79. Sutton, Thomas C. "James A. Garfield." in The Presidents and the Constitution (Volume One. New York University Press, 2020) pp. 266–275. Uhler, Kevin A. "The demise of patronage: Garfield, the midterm election, and the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act" (PhD. Diss. The Florida State University, 2011) online. Vermilya, Daniel J. James Garfield and the Civil War: For Ohio and the Union (Arcadia Publishing, 2015). External links Garfield, James Abram, (1831–1881) Congressional Biography James Garfield: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress [http://millercenter.org/president/garfield Brief essays on James A. Garfield and his administration from the Miller Center of Public Affairs "Life Portrait of James Garfield", from C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits, July 26, 1999 Notable alumni of Delta Upsilon fraternity, including Garfield James A. Garfield Personal Manuscripts James A. Garfield Collection at Williams College Chapin Library James A. Garfield Collection at Williams College Archives and Special Collections 1831 births 1881 deaths Presidents of the United States 19th-century presidents of the United States Republican Party presidents of the United States Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees Candidates in the 1880 United States presidential election Assassinated presidents of the United States 1881 in