Amarna and then Ugarit, settled in North Mesopotamia, then in Aram (now Syria) and Lebanon where they formed kingdoms in the 11th century BC. The biblical tradition of the sons of Jacob, apparently originating from the Aram Naharayim or "Aram of the two rivers", in the loop of the Euphrates, around the towns of Harran and Nahur, seems to confirm that this region was populated by Proto-Aramaic pastors around the 13th century BC. The Semitic tribes (including Israel) advance westward (Canaan). According to the Bible, Jacob bought his birthright from his brother Esau and then led the Israelites to Egypt at the call of his son Joseph. His twelve sons form the twelve tribes of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh), Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. Jacob's group of descendants of Aramaic origin may have left the region of Harran in Upper Mesopotamia around 1275 BC during the Assyrian invasion of Hanigalbat, then probably entered Palestine by crossing the Jordan River between the valley of Yabboq and that of Wadi Far'ah. He settled down in the region north and northeast of Shechem. He does not mix with the locals. The group of descendants of Joseph / Israel, originally from Mount Ephraim, will stay for a while in Egypt in the land of Goshen, on the eastern edge of the Nile Delta. They would have worked on the construction of the Egyptian warehouse cities of Pithom and Pi-Ramesses. Towards the end of the century, a first group of Semites, led by Moses, would have left Egypt and merged with a second group which came more recently from Upper Mesopotamia, which also took Judaism as a revealed religion. They would have settled in the current West Bank, a sparsely populated region at the time, from which they will radiate and ally themselves with other Semitic peoples of Galilee and Transjordan. 1207 BC: Merneptah repels attacks by northern invaders (the "Sea-Peoples") in the 8th year of his reign, according to the Great Karnak Inscription. Eric Cline closely links this event with the beginning of the Late Bronze Age collapse. Europe c. 1300–1200 BC: Bronze IIIB in Greece. The Lion Gate and the Treasury of Atreus are built in Mycenae. It is a time of peace and prosperity in the Aegean. Mycenaean imports to the Levant peak. A wreck found on the southern coast of Anatolia contained ingots