Year 1551 (MDLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June January–February – Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia preside over the reforming Stoglavy Synod ("Hundred-Chapter") church council. A calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code (Stoglav) are introduced. January 11 – Ketumati, Burma, is conquered by Bayinnaung. May 1 – The Council of Trent reconvenes by order of Pope Julius III. May 12 – The National University of San Marcos is founded in Lima (Peru), being the first officially established university in the Americas. July–December By July – Fifth and last outbreak of sweating sickness in England. John Caius of Shrewsbury writes the first full contemporary account of the symptoms of the disease. July – Invasion of Gozo: Ottoman Turks and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean island of Gozo, enslaving all inhabitants (estimated at 5,000 to 6,000) and transporting them to Tarhuna Wa Msalata (in modern-day Libya). August 15 – The Siege of Tripoli ends, with the Knights of Malta surrendering Tripoli to the Ottoman Empire. September 21 – The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico is founded in Mexico City (Mexico), being the second officially established university in the Americas. September 30 – Tainei-ji incident: A coup in Yamaguchi, by the military establishment of the Ōuchi clan, forces their lord Ōuchi Yoshitaka to commit suicide, and the city is burned. October 11 – John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, de facto Lord Protector of the Kingdom of England, is created Duke of Northumberland. Date unknown Qizilbash forces under the command of Tahmasp I raid and destroy the cave monastery of Vardzia in Georgia. In Henan province, China, during the Ming dynasty, a severe frost in the spring destroys the winter wheat crop. Torrential rains in mid summer cause massive flooding of farmland and villages (by some accounts submerged in a metre of water). In the fall, a large tornado demolishes houses and flattens much of the buckwheat in the fields. Famine victims either flee, starve, or resort to cannibalism. This follows a series of natural disasters in Henan in the years 1528, 1531, 1539, and 1545. In Slovakia, Guta (modern-day Kolárovo) receives town status. Portugal founds a sugar colony at Bahia. Juan de Betanzos begins to write his Narrative of the Incas. The new edition of the Genevan psalter, , is published,