Year 1301 (MCCCI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe January 14 – With the death of King Andrew III (the Venetian) (probably poisoned), the Árpád Dynasty in Hungary ends. This results in a power struggle between Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Otto III of Bavaria, and Charles Robert of Naples. Eventually, Wenceslaus is elected and crowned as king of Hungary and Croatia. His rule is only nominal, because a dozen powerful Hungarian nobles hold sway over large territories in the kingdom. November 1 – Charles of Valois, son of the late King Philip III (the Bold), is summoned to Italy by Pope Boniface VIII to restore peace between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. He enters Florence, and allows the Black (Neri) Guelphs to return to the city. Charles installs a new government under Cante dei Gabrielli as Chief Magistrate (podestà), leading to the permanent exile of Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and philosopher, from the city. England February 7 – The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon, son and heir of King Edward I (Longshanks), becomes the first Prince of Wales and is also granted the royal lands in Wales. July – First War of Scottish Independence: Edward I (Longshanks) launches his sixth campaign into Scotland. During the campaign, English forces capture Turnberry Castle in Carrick. Middle East Spring – Sultan Osman I (or Othman) calls for a military campaign to strike deep into Byzantine Bithynia. During the campaign, Ottoman forces capture the towns of İnegöl and Yenişehir. The later town will be transformed into a capital city, as Osman moves his administration and personal household within its walls. By the end of the year, Ottoman forces begin blockading the major Byzantine city of Nicaea. Asia March 2 – Emperor Go-Fushimi abdicates the throne after a 2½-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old cousin, Go-Nijō, as the 94th emperor of Japan (until 1308). July 10 – Indian forces under Sultan Alauddin Khalji capture Ranthambore Fortress. During the siege, General Nusrat Khan Jalesari is hit and killed by a manjaniq stone. By topic Religion December – Boniface VIII issues papal bulls accusing King Philip IV (the Fair) of misgovernment. Births February 6 – Henry Percy, English nobleman, governor and knight (d. 1352) June 19 – Morikuni, Japanese prince, shogun and puppet ruler (d. 1333) July 23 – Otto I