or no background coloration indicates when a word is stressed or emphasized. Descenders indicate background sound description and off-screen dialogue. Most modern caption producers, such as WGBH-TV, use mixed case for both on-screen and off-screen dialogue. '-' (a prefixed dash) indicates a change in single speaker (used by CaptionMax). Words in italics indicate when a word is stressed or emphasized and when real world names are quoted. Italics and bold type are only supported by EIA-608. Some North American providers use this for narrated dialogue. Some providers use this for off-screen dialogue. Italics are also applied when a word is spoken in a foreign language. Text coloration indicates captioning credits and sponsorship. Used by music videos in the past, but generally has declined due to system incompatibilities. In Ceefax/Teletext countries, it indicates a change in single speaker in place of '>>'. Some Teletext countries use coloration to indicate when a word is stressed or emphasized. Coloration is limited to white, green, blue, cyan, red, yellow and magenta. UK order of use for text is white, green, cyan, yellow; and backgrounds is black, red, blue, magenta, white. US order of use for text is white, yellow, cyan, green; and backgrounds is black, blue, red, magenta, white. Square brackets or parentheses indicate a song title or sound effect description. Parentheses indicate speaker's vocal pitch e.g., (man), (woman), (boy) or (girl). Outside North America, parentheses indicate a silent on-screen action. A pair of eighth notes is used to bracket a line of lyrics to indicate singing. A pair of eighth notes on a line of no text are used during a section of instrumental music. Outside North America, a single number sign is used on a line of lyrics to indicate singing. An additional musical notation character is appended to the end of the last line of lyrics to indicate the song's end. As the symbol is unsupported by Ceefax/Teletext, a number sign - which resembles a musical sharp - is substituted. Technical aspects There were many shortcomings in the original Line 21 specification from a typographic standpoint, since, for example, it lacked many of the characters required for captioning in languages other than English. Since that time, the core Line 21 character set has been expanded to include quite a few more characters, handling most requirements for languages common in North and South America such as French, Spanish, and Portuguese, though those