24 – Don John of Austria, military leader (d. 1578) March 1 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628) March 26 – Bernardino Bertolotti, Italian instrumentalist and composer (d. 1609) April 8 – Lucrezia Bendidio, noblewoman and singer in Renaissance Ferrara (d. 1584) May 15 – Magnus Pegel, German mathematician (d. 1619) May 19 – Gustaf Banér, Swedish nobleman and member of the Privy Council of Sweden (d. 1600) June 28 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599) July 5 – Garzia de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1562) August 10 – Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1619) September 10 – George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1596) September 14 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619) September 22 – Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590) September 20 – Faizi, Indo-Persian poet and scholar (d. 1595) September 29 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish fiction writer (d. 1616) October 2 – Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569-1614) and Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1604-1614) (d. 1614) October 18 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (d. 1606) October 29 – Princess Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1611) November 7 – Rudolf Hospinian, Swiss writer (d. 1626) November 10 Martin Moller, German poet and mystic (d. 1606) Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1601) November 12 – Claude of Valois, daughter of King Henry II of France (d. 1575) November 26 – Nicolaus Taurellus, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1606) December 5 – Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (d. 1625) December 15 – Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noblewoman (d. 1633) date unknown Matteo Perez d'Aleccio, Italian painter (d. 1616) Mateo Alemán, Spanish novelist and man of letters (d. 1609) Peter Bales, English calligrapher (d. 1610) Louis Carrion, Flemish humanist and classical scholar (d. 1595) Oichi, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1583) Krzysztof Mikołaj "the Thunderbolt" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1603) Richard Stanihurst, English translator of Virgil (d. 1618) Roemer Visscher, Dutch writer (d. 1620) Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish nobleman (d. 1620) Deaths January 5 Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1486) Johann Heß, German theologian (b. 1490) January 16 – Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (b. 1477) January 18 – Pietro Bembo, Italian cardinal and scholar (b. 1470) January 19 – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English nobleman, politician and poet, beheaded (b. c.1517) January 27 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, Queen consort of the