Occidenterie objects as they were domestically produced. Othering The action of othering cultures occurs when groups are labeled as different due to characteristics that distinguish them from the perceived norm. Edward Said, author of the book Orientalism, argued that western powers and influential individuals such as social scientists and artists othered "the Orient." The evolution of ideologies is often initially embedded in the language, and continues to ripple through the fabric of society by taking over the culture, economy and political sphere. Much of Said's criticism of Western Orientalism is based on what he describes as articularizing trends. These ideologies are present in Asian works by Indian, Chinese, and Japanese writers and artists, in their views of Western culture and tradition. A particularly significant development is the manner in which Orientalism has taken shape in non-Western cinema, as for instance in Hindi-language cinema. See also Allosemitism Arabist Black orientalism Borealism Chinoiserie Cultural appropriation Dahesh Museum Ethnocentrism Exoticism Hebraist Hellenocentrism Indomania Japonisme La belle juive List of artistic works with Orientalist influences List of Orientalist artists Neo-orientalism Noble savage Objectification Othering Outsider art Pizza effect Primitivism Racial fetishism Romantic racism Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the United States Stereotypes of Jews Stereotypes of South Asians Turquerie Westsplaining World music Xenocentrism Notes References Sources Beard, David and Kenneth Gloag. 2005. Musicology: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge. Cristofi, Renato Brancaglione. Architectural Orientalism in São Paulo - 1895 - 1937. 2016. São Paulo: University of São Paulo online, accessed July 11, 2018 Harding, James, Artistes Pompiers: French Academic Art in the 19th Century, 1979, Academy Editions, C F Ives, "The Great Wave: The Influence of Japanese Woodcuts on French Prints", 1974, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gabriel, Karen & P.K. Vijayan (2012): Orientalism, terrorism and Bombay cinema, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 48:3, 299–310 Holloway, Steven W., ed. (2006). Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible. Hebrew Bible Monographs, 10. Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2006. King, Donald and Sylvester, David eds. The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century, Arts Council of Great Britain, London, 1983, Mack, Rosamond E. Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300–1600, University of California Press, 2001 Meagher, Jennifer. Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. online, accessed April 11, 2011 Nochlin, Linda, The Imaginary Orient, 1983, page