than in rugby or Australian rules. Shoulder-to-shoulder contact and slapping the ball out of an opponent's hand are permitted, but the following are all fouls: Blocking a shot with the foot Pulling an opponent's jersey Pushing an opponent Sliding tackles Striking an opponent Touching the goalkeeper when he/she is inside the small rectangle Tripping Using both hands to tackle Wrestling the ball from an opponent's hands Restarting play A match begins with the referee throwing the ball up between the four mid-fielders. After an attacker has put the ball wide of the goals or scored a point or a goal, the goalkeeper may take a kick out from the ground at the line. All players must be beyond the line. However, in the 2019 experimental rules (rules tested in pre-season competitions), kick-outs must be taken from the line. After a defender has put the ball wide of the goals, an attacker may take a "45" from the ground on the line, level with where the ball went wide. After a player has put the ball over the sideline, the other team may take a sideline kick at the point where the ball left the pitch. It may be kicked from the ground or the hands. The player who is taking the sideline kick must not pass the boundary line while taking. After a player has committed a foul, the other team may take a free kick (usually shortened to "free" in reports/commentaries) at the point where the foul was committed. It may be kicked from the ground or the hands. If a player has been fouled while passing the ball, the free may be taken from the point where the ball landed. After a defender has committed a foul inside the large rectangle, the other team may take a penalty kick from the ground from the centre of the line. Only the goalkeeper may guard the goals. If many players are struggling for the ball and it is unclear who was fouled first, the referee may throw the ball up between two opposing players. Officials A football match is overseen by up to eight officials: The referee Two linesmen Sideline official/Standby linesman (often referred to as "fourth official"; inter-county games only) Four umpires (two at each goal) The referee is responsible for starting and stopping play, recording the score, awarding frees and booking and sending off players. Linesmen are responsible