husband Philip of Swabia at Hohenstaufen Castle. Leaving behind four daughters Beatrice, Maria, Kunigunde, and Elisabeth. November 11 – Otto IV is elected by the German nobles as king of Germany at Frankfurt. He is engaged to Beatrice and travels to Milan where he receives the Iron Crown and the title of King of Italy, which continues until the end of World War I in 1918. By topic Literature Robert of Courçon, an English cardinal, writes his Summa – devoted to questions of canon law and ethics – dealing at length with the question of usury. Religion November 17 – Innocent III asks the nobles in Northern France to take military action (the so-called Albigensian Crusade) against the Cathars in Languedoc. Births February 2 – James I, (the Conqueror), king of Aragon (d. 1276) Ada of Holland, Dutch noblewoman and abbess (d. 1258) Berke Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde (d. 1266) Bolesław I of Masovia, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1248) Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian prince of Halych (d. 1241) Gissur Þorvaldsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði) (d. 1268) Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson, Icelandic chieftain (d. 1245) Knut Haakonsson, Norwegian nobleman (jarl) (d. 1261) Margaret Skulesdatter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1270) Sempad the Constable, Armenian nobleman (d. 1276) Simon V (de Montfort), English nobleman (d. 1265) Thomas de Beaumont, English nobleman (d. 1242) Deaths January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau, French priest (assassinated) January 28 – Julian of Cuenca, Spanish bishop (b. 1127) February 18 – Mark ibn Kunbar, Egyptian Coptic priest April 22 – Philip of Poitou (or Poitiers), bishop of Durham June 21 – Philip of Swabia, king of Germany (b. 1177) August 27 – Irene Angelina, queen of Sicily and Germany August 29 – Dietrich II (von Kittlitz), bishop of Meissen October 6 – Geoffrey de Muschamp, bishop of Coventry November 9 – Sancha of Castile, queen consort of Aragon December 29 – Zhang Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1168) Bridget Haraldsdotter, queen of Sweden (approximate date) Ermengol VIII (or Armengol), count of Urgell (b. 1158) Kolbeinn Tumason, Icelandic chieftain and poet (b. 1173) Knut Birgersson, Swedish nobleman (jarl) and knight Leo Sgouros (or Sgurus), Byzantine governor and despot Peter of Angoulême, Latin bishop and patriarch of Antioch William IV of Forcalquier, French nobleman (b. 1130) Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili, Egyptian Jewish physician References