of 40,000 silver pounds (from King Philip II and Pope Innocent III). On October 3, the couple is crowned as King and Queen of Jerusalem in the Cathedral of Tyre (modern Lebanon). Asia Jochi, Mongol leader and eldest son of Genghis Khan, begins a campaign against the Kyrgyz. Meanwhile, Emperor Xiang Zong of Western Xia agrees to submit to Mongol rule, he gives his daughter, Chaka, in marriage to Genghis and pays him a tribute of camels, falcons, and textiles. December 12 – Emperor Tsuchimikado abdicates the throne in favor of his younger brother, Juntoku, after a 12-year reign. He is the second son of the former Emperor Go-Toba and becomes the 84th emperor of Japan. By topic Art and Culture 1210–1211 – Shazi creates the Pen Box, from Persia (Iran) or Afghanistan (it is now kept at Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.). Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan (approximate date). Astronomy September 24 – Venus occults Jupiter (the last such occurrence until 1570). Religion Pope Innocent III allows the formation of the mendicant order of Francis of Assisi, to begin the Order of Friars Minor. The church of St Helen's Bishopsgate in the City of London is founded, as a priory of Benedictine nuns. Births May 5 – Afonso III (the Boulonnais), king of Portugal (d. 1279) June 24 – Floris IV, Dutch nobleman and knight (d. 1234) July 22 – Joan of England, queen of Scotland (d. 1238) unknown date – Alice of Montferrat, queen consort of Cyprus (d. 1233) Deaths March 29 – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath (b. 1150) May 6 – Conrad II, German nobleman and knight (b. 1159) May 13 – Noriko (or Hanshi), Japanese empress (b. 1177) July 17 – Sverker II (the Younger), king of Sweden October 16 – Matilda of Boulogne, duchess of Brabant November 14 – Qutb al-Din Aibak, Indian ruler (b. 1150) November 30 – Florence of Holland, Scottish bishop December 14 – Soffredo, Italian cardinal and patriarch Aonghus mac Somhairle, Norse-Gaelic chieftain Gottfried von Strassburg, German poet and writer Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir, Icelandic nun and abbess Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (b. 1165) Jinul (or Chinul), Korean Zen Master (b. 1158) Majd al-Din ibn Athir, Zangid historian (b. 1149) Maud de Braose, English noblewoman (b. 1155) Muhammad II, ruler of the Alamut state (b. 1148) Praepositinus, Italian philosopher and theologian Risteárd de Tiúit,