by papal authority at the University of Paris. The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed (year uncertain). Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time. The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin, from a Hebrew version by John of Capua. Construction of the Old New Synagogue in Prague is completed. The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed. Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale. The Chronicle of Melrose is ended. Births March 12 – Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France (d. 1325) Theodore Metochites, Byzantine statesman and author Michael of Cesena, Franciscan theologian (d. 1342) Cino da Pistoia, Italian poet (d. 1336) Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany (d. 1323) Ma Zhiyuan, Chinese poet Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (d. 1350) approximate – William Wallace, Scottish patriot Deaths January 18 – Saint Margaret of Hungary (b. 1242) February 23 – Saint Isabelle of France, French princess and saint (b. 1225) March 17 – Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre May 3 – Béla IV of Hungary (b. 1206) July 9 – Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205) July 18 – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury August 25 King Louis IX of France (b. 1214) Alphonso of Brienne (b. c. 1225) September 24 – Philip of Montfort, Lord of Castres December 4 – Theobald II of Navarre (Theobald V of Champagne) (b. c. 1238) David VII Ulu, King of Georgia (b. 1215) Ibn Abi Usaibia, Syrian Arab medical historian (b. 1203) Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, Jewish rabbi and scholar (b. 1200) Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1212) Uli I of Mali, second mansa of the Mali Empire References