direction of Christopher Wren, to replace that the portion destroyed by the Great Fire of London nine years earlier. June 24 – King Philip's War breaks out, as the Wampanoags attack Swansea. June 26– The Wampanoag warriors begin a three-day assault on English colonial towns in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in North America, with an assault on the villages of Rehoboth and Taunton. At the same time, Massachusetts troops march to Swansea, to join the Plymouth Colony troops. The warriors elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for Pocasset, Massachusetts. The Mohegan tribe travels to Boston, in order to assist the English colonists against the Wampanoags. June 28 – Brandenburg defeats the Swedes in the Battle of Fehrbellin. July–September July 15 – The Narragansett tribe signs a peace treaty with Connecticut. July 16–24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe. August 2–4 – The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege Brookfield, Massachusetts. August 10 – King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory near London; construction begins. August 13 – The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns. September 1–2 – While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the Pennacook tribe. September 12 – English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks. September 15 – The Bremen-Verden Campaign of the Northern Wars begins, with the invasion of Amt Wildeshausen by the Münster army, and their advance on Verden via the city of Bremen. September 18 – The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed near Northampton, Massachusetts. September 20 – In England, a fire destroys most of the town of Northampton. According to a contemporary account, "the market place (which was a very goodly one), the stately church of Allhallows, 2 other parish churches and above three-fourth parts of the whole town was consumed and laid in ashes.". October–December October 5 – The Pocomtuc tribe attacks and destroys the English settlement at Springfield, Massachusetts. October 13 – The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to Deer Island. October 29 – Gottfried Leibniz makes the first use of the long s (∫) as a symbol of the integral in calculus. November 2–