them above or below the water surface depending on species. The eggs hatch in a few weeks. Relationship with humans In angling Adult caddisflies are called sedges by anglers. Individual species emerge en masse at different times, and are used one after the other, often for only a few days each year, as models for artificial fishing flies for fly fishing in trout streams. A mass emergence is known as a hatch. Each type has its own angling name, so for example Mystacides is the dancer; Sericostoma the caperer; Leptocerus the silverhorn; Phryganea the murragh or great red sedge; Brachycentrus subnubilis the grannom; Lepidostoma the silver sedge; Oecetis the longhorn sedge; Cheumatopsyche the little sister sedge; Helicopsyche the speckled Peter, an important fishing fly in North America; and Hydropsyche the specked sedge, perhaps the most important caddisfly genus for anglers with over 50 species of net-makers. As bioindicators Caddisflies are useful as bioindicators (of good water quality), since they are sensitive to water pollution, and are large enough to be assessed conveniently in the field. Some species indicate undisturbed habitat, and some indicate degraded habitat. Although caddisflies may be found in waterbodies of varying qualities, species-rich caddisfly assemblages are generally thought to indicate clean water bodies, such as lakes, ponds, and marshes. Together with stoneflies and mayflies, caddisflies feature importantly in bioassessment surveys of streams and other water bodies. In art While caddisflies in the wild construct their cases out of twigs, sand, aquatic plants, and rocks, the French artist Hubert Duprat makes art by providing wild caddisflies with precious stones and other materials. He collected caddisfly larvae from the wild and put them in climate-controlled tanks. He removes the larvae from their original cases and adds precious and semi-precious items such as grains of gold into the tank. The larvae then build new cases out of precious items, creating a unique form of artwork. The resulting works are sold across the world. As food In Japan the caddisfly larvae is called Zazamushi and eaten as a delicacy. Taxonomy There are roughly 14,500 species in some 45 families worldwide. Suborder Annulipalpia Superfamily Hydropsychoidea Family Dipseudopsidae Family Ecnomidae Family †Electralbertidae Family Hydropsychidae Family Polycentropodidae Family Psychomyiidae Family Xiphocentronidae Superfamily Philopotamoidea Family Philopotamidae Family Stenopsychidae Suborder Integripalpia Superfamily Leptoceroidea Family Atriplectididae Family Calamoceratidae Family Molannidae Family Leptoceridae Family Limnocentropodidae Family Odontoceridae Family Philorheithridae Superfamily Limnephiloidea Family Apataniidae Family Brachycentridae Family Goeridae Family