by the liberation of slaves and indigenous Peruvians, as well as a new postal system and a new constitution. In 1862 he was succeeded by Miguel de San Román, who died less than a year later. Castilla refused to recognise Pedro Diez Canseco, the Second Vice President of the Republic as well as his brother-in-law, and claimed the presidency for himself. Diez Canseco, however, was chosen as interim president from April to August 1863, and was succeeded by Juan Antonio Pezet. He served as the President of the Senate in 1864. In 1864 Castilla condemned the international policies of Pezet, only to be jailed and exiled to Gibraltar. During his absence the historic Battle of Callao took place, which became Spain's final and unsuccessful move to reconquer independent Peru. After he returned to Peru, he was again deported to Chile on the orders of then president Mariano Ignacio Prado. In a last effort to regain power for a fifth time, Castilla – now nearly seventy – and a group of followers landed in Pisagua and proceeded towards the Tiviliche desert. This last try, however, proved fatal and Castilla died at Tiviliche, in his final attempt to pass through southern Peru on May 30, 1867. See also Bust of Ramón Castilla, Houston, Texas Politics of Peru List of presidents of Peru Notes References 1797 births 1867 deaths People of the War of the Confederation Peruvian people of Aymara descent Peruvian people of Spanish descent Peruvian people of Argentine descent Presidents of Peru Peruvian Ministers of Economy and Finance Abolitionists Marshals of Peru Presidents of the Senate of Peru People from Tarapacá Region Peruvian revolutionaries Freemasons