granted full refugee status are best and better living conditions are expected, was common practice. Sanctions for such travel were practically non-existent. Even if already deported, a return to the desired nation could be organized. 2019 statistics In 2019, the European Union (EU) Member States sent out 142 494 outgoing requests to transfer the responsibility to examine an asylum application and effectively implemented 23 737 outgoing transfers to other Member States. The largest numbers of outgoing requests using the Dublin procedure were sent by Germany (48 844), France (48 321), each representing close to one-third of the total number of outgoing requests recorded in 2019. They were followed by Belgium (11 882) and the Netherlands (9 267). These four Member States together sent more than four-fifths (83%) of all outgoing requests in 2019. See also Asylum shopping Child migration European Convention on Nationality List of international and European law on child protection and migration Refugee law Schengen area Transnational child protection Unaccompanied minor Further reading References External links Text of the 1990 Dublin Convention, repealed by Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 Council Regulation (EC) No. 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national, repealed by Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person, the current Dublin regulation Logics of Decision-making on Community Asylum Policy: A Case Study of the Evolvement of the Dublin II Regulation University of Oslo: ARENA Working Paper 03/2006 European Council on Refugees and Exiles's (ECRE) position on the Dublin Regulation Fact sheet from the Irish Refugee Council Factsheet on "Dublin" cases before the European Court of Human Rights Article about an alternative to the distribution system of the Dublin II Regulation (Katapult-Magazine, 2015-04-07) Right of asylum legislation European Union regulations 2003 in law 2003 in the European Union Right of asylum in the European Union Terminated or expired founding treaties of the European Union