of these oxides on aggregate surfaces (A, B, C), or loss of Fe and/or Mn by lateral subsurface flow and pale colours in ≥ 50% of the exposed area (E); transport in reduced form [g like stagnic]. h: Significant amount of organic matter; in A horizons at least partly modified in situ; in B horizons predominantly by illuviation; in C horizons forming part of the parent material [h like humus] (A, B, C). i: Organic material in an initial state of decomposition; [i like initial] (H, O). i: Slickensides and/or wedge-shaped aggregates [i like slickenside] (B). j: Accumulation of jarosite and/or schwertmannite [j like jarosite] (H, O, A, E, B, C). k: Accumulation of secondary carbonates [k like German Karbonat] (H, O, A, E, B, C). l: Accumulation of Fe and/or Mn in reduced form by upward-moving capillary water with subsequent oxidation: accumulation predominantly at soil aggregate surfaces, if present, and reduction of these oxides inside the aggregates [l like capillary] (H, A, B, C). m: Pedogenic cementation in ≥ 50% of the volume; cementation class: at least moderately cemented; only used if following another suffix (k, l, q, s, v, y, z) that indicates the cementing agent [m like cemented]. n: Exchangeable sodium percentage ≥ 6% [n like natrium] (E, B, C). o: Residual accumulation of large amounts of pedogenic oxides in strongly weathered horizons [o like oxide] (B). p: Modification by cultivation (e.g. ploughing); mineral layers are designated A, even if they belonged to another layer before cultivation [p like plough] (H, O, A). q: Accumulation of secondary silica [q like quartz] (A, E, B, C). r: Strong reduction [r like reduction] (A, E, B, C). s: Accumulation of Fe oxides, Mn oxides and/or Al by vertical illuviation processes from above [s like sesquioxide]. (B, C). t: Accumulation of clay minerals by illuviation processes [t like German Ton, clay]. (B, C). u: Containing artefacts or consisting of artefacts [u like urban] (H, O, A, E, B, C, R). v: Plinthite [the suffix v has no connotation] (B, C). w: Formation of soil structure and/or oxides and/or clay minerals (layer silicates, allophanes and/or imogolites) [w like weathered] (B). x: Fragic characteristics [the x refers to the impossibility of roots to enter the aggregates] (E, B, C). y: Accumulation of secondary gypsum [y like gypsum or Spanish yeso] (A, E, B, C). z: Presence of readily soluble salts [z like