second son of Bumin Khagan, the founder of the Göktürk Khaganate) in 2023 by Xiaoming Yang et al. found nearly exclusively Northeast Asian ancestry (97.7%) next to minor West-Eurasian components (2.7%). The ancient Türkic royal family of the Göktürk Khaganate was found to share genetic affinities to post-Iron Age Tungusic and Mongolic pastoralists, while having heterogeneous relationships towards various Turkic-speaking groups, suggesting genetic heterogeneity and multiple sources of origin for the population of the Turkic empire. According to the authors, these findings "once again validates a cultural diffusion model over a demic diffusion model for the spread of Turkic languages" and refutes "the western Eurasian origin and multiple origin hypotheses" in favor of an East Asian origin for the royal Ashina family. Legacy Members of the Ashina dynasty also ruled the Basmyls, and Karluk Yabghu's State; and possibly also Khazars and Karakhanids (if the first Karakhanid ruler Bilge Kul Qadir Khan indeed descended from the Karluk Yabghus). According to some researchers, the Second Bulgarian Empire's Asen dynasty might be descendants of Ashina. Gallery See also Timeline of Turks (500–1300) Turks in the Tang military Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples Shǐ (surname), (史) adopted by some of the Ashina tribe Notes References Sources Findley, Carter Vaughin. The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press, 2005. . Golden, Peter. An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, 1992. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia 2nd ed. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1950–1958. Róna-Tas, András. Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Central European University Press, 1999. . Page 280. Zhu, Xueyuan. The Origins of Northern China's Ethnicities. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2004. . Xue, Zongzheng. A History of Turks. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press, 1992. . Duan: Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele. 1988, pp. 39–41 Suribadalaha, "New Studies of the Origins of the Mongols", p. 46–47. Cheng, Fangyi. "The Research on the Identification Between Tiele and the Oghuric Tribes". External links Lev Gumilev about the Ashina clan Ashina tribe Khazars History of China Nomadic groups in Eurasia Turkic dynasties