geneticist, peppered moth Seymour Kety (1915–2000), US neuroscientist, essential involvement of genetic factors in schizophrenia Gobind Khorana (1922–2011), Indian-US molecular biologist, synthesized nucleic acids, Nobel Prize Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), influential Japanese mathematical biologist in theoretical population genetics Mary-Claire King (born 1946), US human geneticist and social activist, identified breast cancer genes David Klein, (1908–1993), Swiss ophthalmologist and human geneticist Harold Klinger (1929–2004), US pioneer on human chromosomes, founded journal Cytogenetics Aaron Klug (1926–2018), Lithuania/South Africa/UK, Nobel Prize for developing electron crystallography Al Knudson (1922–2016), US pediatric oncologist, geneticist, formulated two hit hypothesis of cancer Georges J. F. Köhler (1946–1995), German, Nobel Prize for hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), US biochemist, Nobel Prize on DNA synthesis, father of Roger Kornberg Roger Kornberg (born 1947), US biologist, Nobel Prize on eukaryotic transcription Hans Kornberg (1928–2019), German-UK biologist, studies of carbohydrate transport Ed Krebs (1918–2009), US biochemist, Nobel Prize for phosphorylation as switch activating proteins Martin Kreitman, US geneticist known for the McDonald–Kreitman test that is used to infer adaptive evolution in population genetic studies. Eric Kremer, US molecular biologist, found trinucleotide repeat in fragile X, research now in gene therapy Shrawan Kumar, Indian-American geneticist, gene mapping and cloning, discovered Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome and ADPKD2 genes Henry Kunkel (1916–1983), US immunologist, created starch gel electrophoresis to separate proteins L Bruce Lahn (born 1969), Chinese-born geneticist specializing in evolutionary changes of the human brain Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French naturalist, evolutionist, "inheritance of acquired traits" Eric Lander (born 1957), US molecular geneticist, major contributor to Human Genome Project Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943), Austrian-American pathologist, won Nobel Prize for blood group discoveries André Langaney, French evolutionary geneticist Derald Langham (1913–1991), US agricultural geneticist, the "father of sesame" Sam Latt (1938–1988), US pioneer in molecular cytogenetics, fluorescent DNA chromosome probes Philip Leder (1934–2020), US geneticist, method to decode genetic code, transgenic animals to study cancer Esther Lederberg (1922–2006), US microbiologist and bacterial genetics pioneer Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008), US molecular biologist, Nobel Prize, headed Rockefeller University Jérôme Lejeune (1926–1994), French pediatrician, geneticist, discovered trisomy 21 in Down syndrome Richard Lenski (born 1956), US biologist and phage worker, did long-term E. coli evolution experiment Fritz Lenz (1887–1976), German geneticist and eugenicist, ideas influenced Nazi racial hygiene policies Widukind Lenz (1919–1995), eminent German medical geneticist who recognized thalidomide syndrome Leonard Lerman (1925–2012), US molecular biologist, phage worker, mentor of Nobel Prize-winner Sidney Altman I. Michael Lerner (1910–1977), Russian-US contributor to