has a D-shaped emergence hole where it chews out of the tree. Healthy trees are resistant to the borer, but when grown in sub-ideal conditions, the defense mechanisms of the tree may not function properly. Chemical controls exist. In culture It is the provincial tree of Saskatchewan and the state tree of New Hampshire. People sometimes vandalize the bark of this tree by carving into it with a knife or by peeling off layers of the bark. Both forms of vandalism can cause scars on the tree. References External links Flora of North America – Distribution Map: Betula papyrifera papyrifera Hardwood forest plants Trees of Subarctic America Trees of Western Canada Trees of Eastern Canada Trees of the Northwestern United States Trees of the North-Central United States Trees of the Northeastern United States Trees of continental subarctic climate Trees of humid continental climate