human insulin gene into E. coli Paul D. Boyer (1918–2018), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner Jean Brachet (1909–1998), Belgian biochemist, made key contributions to fathoming roles of RNA Roscoe Brady (1923–2016), US physician-scientist at NIH, studies of genetic neurological metabolic disorders Sydney Brenner (1927–2019), British molecular biologist and Nobel Prize-winner Calvin Bridges (1889–1938), US geneticist, non-disjunction proof that chromosomes contain genes R. A. Brink (1897–1984), Canadian-US plant geneticist and breeder, studied paramutation, transposons Roy Britten (1919–2012) US molecular and evolutionary biologist, discovered and studied junk DNA John Brookfield (born 1955), Drosophila population geneticist Michael Stuart Brown (born 1941), US geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner on cholesterol metabolism Manuel Buchwald (born 1940), Peruvian-born Canadian medical geneticist and molecular geneticist Linda Buck (born 1947), US biologist, Nobel Prize for post-doc work (with Axel) cloning olfactory receptors James Bull, US molecular biologist and phage worker, evolution of sex determining mechanisms Luther Burbank (1849–1926), US botanist, horticulturist, pioneer in agricultural science Macfarlane Burnet (1899–1985), Australian biologist, Nobel Prize for immunological tolerance Cyril Burt (1883–1971), British educational psychologist, did debated mental and behavioral twin study C John Cairns (1922–2018), UK physician-scientist, showed bacterial DNA one molecule with replicating fork Allan Campbell (1929–2018), US microbiologist and geneticist, pioneering work on phage lambda Howard Cann, US pediatrician and geneticist, human population genetics at Stanford and CEPH in Paris Antonio Cao (1929–2012), Italian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on the thalassemias Mario Capecchi (born 1937), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the knockout mouse, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2007 Elof Axel Carlson (born 1931), US geneticist and eminent historian of science Rivka Carmi (born 1948), Israeli pediatrician, geneticist, President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Adelaide Carpenter (born 1944), a geneticist known for her research on recombination nodule Hampton L. Carson (1914–2004), US population geneticist, studied cytogenetics and evolution of Drosophila Tom Caskey (born c. 1938), US internist, human geneticist and entrepreneur; biochemical diseases Torbjörn Caspersson (1910–1997), Swedish cytogeneticist, revealed human chromosome banding William B. Castle (1897–1990), US hematologist, work on hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia William E. Castle (1867–1962), US geneticist, inspired T.H. Morgan, father of William B. Castle David Catcheside (1907–1994), UK plant geneticist, expert on genetic recombination, active in Australia Bruce Cattanach (1932–2020), UK mouse geneticist, X-inactivation and sex determination in mice Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (1922–2018), Italian population geneticist at Stanford University Thomas Cech (born 1947), US biochemist who won Nobel Prize for catalytic functions of RNA