The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name: Crate) was a Soviet twin-engine commercial and military personnel and cargo transport aircraft that first flew in 1950, and entered service in 1954. The Il-14 was also manufactured in East Germany by VEB Flugzeugwerke as the VEB 14 and in Czechoslovakia as the Avia 14. The Ilyushin Il-14 was typically replaced by the Antonov An-24 and Yakovlev Yak-40. Design and development The Il-14 was developed as a replacement for the widespread Douglas DC-3 and its Soviet built version, the Lisunov Li-2. A development of the earlier Ilyushin Il-12, (that first flew in 1945), the Il-14 was intended for use in both military and civil applications. The Il-12 had major problems with poor engine-out behaviour. Also, it had less payload capability than was originally planned (although the Il-12 was intended to carry 32 passengers, in service it only carried 18, which was uneconomical). The development into the Il-14 was a vast improvement over the Il-12, with a new wing and a broader tailfin. It was powered by two 1,400 kW (1,900 hp) Shvetsov ASh-82T-7 radial piston engines. These changes greatly improved aerodynamic performance in engine-out conditions. Total production of the Il-14 was 1,345 aircraft: 1,065 in Moscow (Moscow Machinery Plant Nr.30) from 1956 to 1958 and Tashkent (Factory Nr.84) from 1954 to 1958. Licensed production of 80 in East Germany by VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD) from 1956 to 1959 and 203 in Czechoslovakia by Avia, Prague, from 1956 to 1960. It was rugged and reliable, and thus was widely used in rural areas with poor quality airfields. The type was also used by the East German aircraft industry as a test aircraft for the horizontal stabilizer of the Baade 152. Variants Il-14 : Twin-engined passenger, cargo transport aircraft. Il-14FK / 14FKM : Aerial photography version. Il-14G : Freight or cargo aircraft. Il-14GGO : Geophysical research version. Il-14LIK-1 / LIK-2: Navigation aid calibration version, based on the Il-14M. Il-14LR : Ice reconnaissance version. Il-14M : Stretched Il-14P, fitted with a lengthened fuselage, 14–36 seat. Il-14P : Airliner version, 18–32 seat. Il-14PS / S : VIP versions, based on Il-14P. Il-14SI: Extended-range VIP version. Il-14SO: 18-seat VIP version. Il-14RR: Fisheries reconnaissance version. Il-14T : Military transport version. Il-14TB: Glider tug. Il-14TD: Paratroop/assault transport. Il-14TS: Medevac version. Il-14TG: Cargo freighter. Crate-C : Electronic warfare version. License-built variants Avia 14 : Ilyushin Il-14Ms built by Avia under licence in