Oliver Nelson (1920–2001), US maize geneticist, profound impact on agriculture and basic genetics Walter Nelson-Rees (1929–2009), US cytogeneticist, confirmed HeLa cells contamination of other cell lines Eugene W. Nester, US microbial geneticist, genetics of Agrobacterium (crown gall formation) Carl Neuberg (1877–1956), early pioneer of the study of metabolism. Hans Neurath (1909–2002), Austrian-US protein chemist, helped set stage for proteomics Marshall W. Nirenberg (1927–2010), US geneticist, biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner Eva Nogales, Spanish biophysicist studying eukaryotic transcription and translation initiation complexes Edward Novitski (1918–2006), eminent US Drosophila geneticist, pioneer in chromosome mechanics Paul Nurse (born 1949), UK biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on CDK, a key regulator of the cell cycle Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner William Nyhan (born 1926), US pediatrician and biochemical geneticist, described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome O Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), Spanish-American biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on the synthesis of RNA Susumu Ohno (1928–2000), Japanese-US biologist, evolutionary cytogenetics and molecular evolution Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of evolution Pete Oliver (1898–1991), US geneticist, switched from Drosophila to human genetics Olufunmilayo Olopade (born 1957), oncologist known for research on genetics of breast cancer and health disparities Jane M. Olson (1952–2004), US genetic epidemiologist and biostatistician Maynard Olson (born 1943), US geneticist, pioneered map of yeast genome and Human Genome Project John Opitz (born 1935), German-American medical geneticist, expert on dysmorphology and syndromes Harry Ostrer, US medical geneticist, studies origins of Jewish peoples Ray Owen (1915–2014), US geneticist, immunologist, found cattle blood groups and chimeric twin calves P Svante Pääbo (born 1955), Swedish molecular anthropologist in Leipzig studying Neanderthal genome David Page (born 1956), US physician and geneticist who mapped, cloned and sequenced the human Y chromosome Theophilus Painter (1889–1969), US zoologist, studied fruit fly and human testis chromosomes Arthur Pardee (1921–2019), US scientist who discovered restriction point in the cell cycle Klaus Patau (1908–1975), German-American cytogeneticist, described trisomy 13 John Thomas Patterson (1878–1960), American embryologist and geneticist who studied isolating mechanisms Andrew H. Paterson, US geneticist, research leader in plant genomics Linus Pauling (1901–1994), eminent US chemist, won Nobel Prizes for chemical bonds and peace Crodowaldo Pavan (1919–2009), Brazilian biologist, fly geneticist, and influential scientist in Brazil Rose Payne (1909–1999), US transplant geneticist, key to discovery and development of HLA system Raymond Pearl (1879–1940), US biologist, biostatistician, rejected eugenics Karl Pearson (1857–1936), British statistician, made key contributions