to genetic analysis Caroline Pellew (1882–?), British geneticist LS Penrose (1898–1972), British psychiatrist, human geneticist, pioneered genetics of mental retardation Max Perutz (1914–2002), Austrian-British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for structure of hemoglobin Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964), Italian-US plant ecological and evolutionary geneticist. Winner of the Dobzhansky Prize. Alfred Ploetz (1860–1940), German physician, biologist, eugenicist, introduced racial hygiene to Germany Paul Polani (1914–2006), Trieste-born UK pediatrician, major catalyst of medical genetics in Britain Charles Pomerat (1905–1951), US cell biologist, pioneered the field of tissue culture Guido Pontecorvo (1907–1999), Italian-born Scottish geneticist and pioneer molecular biologist Alkes Price, American geneticist known for statistical methods to draw inference from genetic data, including genomic ancestry quantification and heritability estimation George R. Price (1922–1975), brilliant but troubled US population geneticist and theoretical biologist Peter Propping (1942–2016), German human geneticist, studies of epilepsy Mark Ptashne (born 1940), US molecular biologist, studies of genetic switch, phage lambda Ted Puck (1916–2005), US physicist, work in mammalian and human cell culture, genetics, cytogenetics RC Punnett (1875–1967), early English geneticist, discovered linkage with William Bateson, stimulated G. H. Hardy Shaun Purcell, psychiatric geneticist who developed the PLINK genetic program Q Lluis Quintana-Murci (born 1970), French-Spanish human population geneticist, human evolutionary genetics, evolution of immunity R Michèle Ramsay, South African geneticist, single-gene disorders, epigenetics, complex diseases Robert Race (1907–1984), British expert on blood groups, along with wife Ruth Sanger Sheldon C. Reed (1910–2003), US pioneer in genetic counseling and behavioral genetics G. N. Ramachandran (1922–2001) Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagen David Reich (born 1974), US, human population genetics and genomics, did humans and chimps interbreed? Theodore Reich (1938–2003), Canadian-US psychiatrist, a founder of modern psychiatric genetics Alexander Rich (1925–2015), US biologist, biophysicist, discovered Z-DNA and tRNA 3-dimensional structure Rollin C. Richmond, US, evolutionary and pharmacogenetic studies of Drosophila, university administrator Neil Risch, US human and population geneticist, studied torsion dystonia Otto Renner (1883–1960), German plant geneticist, established maternal plastid inheritance Marcus Rhoades (1903–1991), great maize (corn) geneticist and cytogeneticist David L. Rimoin (1936–2012), Canadian–US medical geneticist, studied skeletal dysplasias Richard Roberts (born 1943), British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for introns and gene-splicing Arthur Robinson (1914–2000), US pediatrician, geneticist, pioneer on sex chromosome anomalies Herschel L. Roman (1914–1989), US geneticist, innovated in analysis in maize and budding yeast Irwin Rose (1926–2015), US biologist, Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation Leon Rosenberg (1933–2022), US physician-geneticist, molecular basis of inherited metabolic disease