the infection centre. Finally, there are chemical applications that involve application of fungicides to healthy individuals to prevent them becoming infected, or a therapeutic fungicide that cannot cure the tree but reduces intensity and onset of symptoms. Often the fungicide propiconazole is used. Cultivation The southern red oak is cultivated in eastern United States in USDA Zone 5a to USDA Zone 9b. It can survive lows from -23°c to -28.8 °C (-10°f to -20 °F) and highs of 38° C (100° F). Uses The southern red oak is a tree with diverse potential uses, such as for manufacturing of floors, furniture, construction materials and lumber thanks to the sturdy, durable and coarse-grained wood it provides. The southern red oak is vital in the southeastern United States due to its abundance, providing around 8.1% of annual hardwood volume. Southern red oak wood is used as a fuel source because of its high heat value. The southern red oak provides tannin, which is used to preserve and treat leather. The southern red oak has a large root system that provides watershed protection to reduce flood damage and soil stability. Other uses for southern red oak include as shade trees and aesthetic uses in gardens. Southern red oak can provide acorn mast for deer, squirrels, turkeys, song birds and quail. References External links Quercus falcata images from Vanderbilt University Interactive Distribution Map of Quercus falcata photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1948 falcata Plants described in 1801 Trees of the United States