Thomas Spence ( 17508 September 1814) was an English Radical and advocate of the common ownership of land and a democratic equality of the sexes. Spence was one of the leading revolutionaries of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was born in poverty and died the same way, after long periods of imprisonment, in 1814. Life Born in 1750 to a Presbyterian family, Spence later left Newcastle for London in 1787. He kept a book-stall in High Holborn. In 1794, with other members of the London Corresponding Society, he spent seven months in Newgate Gaol on a charge of high treason, and in 1801 he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for seditious libel. He died in London on 8 September 1814. Land reform and Spence's Plan The threatened enclosure of the common land known as Town Moor in Newcastle in 1771 appears to have been key to Spence's interest in the land question and journey towards ultra-radicalism. His scheme was not for land nationalization but for the establishment of self-contained parochial communities, in which rent paid to the parish (wherein the absolute ownership of the land was vested) should be the only tax of any kind. His ideas and thinking on the subject were shaped by a variety of economic thinkers, including his friend Charles Hall. At the centre of Spence's work was his plan, which argued for: The end of aristocracy and landlords; All land should be publicly owned by 'democratic parishes', which should be largely self-governing; Rents of land in parishes to be shared equally amongst parishioners, as a form of social dividend; Universal suffrage (including female suffrage) at both parish level and through a system of deputies elected by parishes to a national senate; A 'social guarantee' extended to provide income for those unable to work; The 'rights of infants' [children] to be free from abuse and poverty. Spence's Plan was first published in his penny pamphlet Property in Land Every One's Right in 1775. It was re-issued as The Real Rights of Man in later editions. It was also reissued by, amongst others, Henry Hyndman under the title of The Nationalization of the Land in 1795 and 1882. Spence explored his political and social concepts in a series of books about the fictional Utopian state of Spensonia. "Rights of man" Spence may have been the first Englishman to speak of 'the rights of