are examples of electoral confusion caused by would-be candidates deliberately choosing similar names to confuse the electorate, hence potentially affecting the outcome of an election. For example, in three instances in the United Kingdom during 1994–5: a candidate attempting to stand as a member of the 'Literal Democrat' party (in the UK there is a Liberal Democrats Party), and two instances of candidates standing for the 'Conservatory' party and the 'Conversative' party (against the Conservative Party candidate). All candidatures were rejected by the Returning Officer and the candidates had to stand using more distinguishable party names. In the 2019 Canadian Federal Election the satirical Rhinoceros Party ran a candidate by the name of Maxime Bernier in the riding of Beauce. The seat was also being contested by the incumbent MP and leader of the People's Party of Canada, Maxime Bernier. See also A moron in a hurry Apple Corps v. Apple Computer Microsoft vs. MikeRoweSoft Counteraction principle Richard Huggett References Trademark law Election law