Oswald Avery (1877–1955), Canadian-born US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material Richard Axel (born 1946), US physician-scientist, Nobel Prize for genetic analysis of olfactory system B E. B. Babcock (1877–1954), US plant geneticist, pioneered genetic analysis of genus Crepis Édouard-Gérard Balbiani (1823–1899), French embryologist who found chromosome puffs now called Balbiani rings David Baltimore (born 1938), US biologist, Nobel Prize for the discovery of reverse transcriptase Guido Barbujani (born 1955), Italian population geneticist and evolutionary biologist Cornelia Bargmann (born 1961), US molecular neurogeneticist studying the C. elegans brain David P. Bartel (B.A. 1982), US geneticist, discovered many microRNAs regulating gene expression William Bateson (1861–1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics" E. Baur (1875–1933), German geneticist, botanist, discovered inheritance of plasmids George Beadle (1903–1989), US Neurospora geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner Peter Emil Becker (1908–2000), German human geneticist, described Becker's muscular dystrophy Jon Beckwith (born 1935), US microbiologist and geneticist, isolated first gene from a bacterial chromosome Peter Beighton (born 1934), UK/South Africa medical geneticist Julia Bell (1879–1979), English geneticist who documented inheritance of many diseases John Belling (1866–1933), English cytogeneticist who developed staining technique for chromosomes Baruj Benacerraf (1920–2011), Venezuelan-US immunologist who won Nobel Prize for human leukocyte antigen system Kurt Benirschke (1924–2018), German-US pathologist, comparative cytogenetics, twinning in armadillos Seymour Benzer (1921–2007), US molecular biologist and pioneer of neurogenetics Dorothea Bennett (1929–1990), US geneticist, Pioneer of developmental genetics Paul Berg (1926–2023), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner for basic research on nucleic acids J. D. Bernal (1901–1971), Irish physicist and pioneer X-ray crystallographer James Birchler, Drosophila and Maize geneticists and cytogenticist. J. Michael Bishop (born 1936), US microbial immunogeneticist, Nobel Prize-winner for oncogenes Elizabeth Blackburn (born 1948), Australo-US biologist, Lasker Award and Nobel Prize for telomeres and telomerase Günter Blobel (1936–2018), German-US biologist, Nobel Prize for protein targeting (address tags on proteins) David Blow (1931–2004), British biophysicist who helped develop X-ray crystallography of proteins Baruch Blumberg (Barry Blumberg) (1925–2011), US physician and Nobel Prize-winner on hepatitis B Julia Bodmer (1934–2001), British geneticist, key figure in discovery and definition of the HLA system Walter Bodmer (born 1936), German-UK human population geneticist, immunogeneticist, cancer research James Bonner (1910–1996), far-ranging US molecular biologist, into histones, chromatin, nucleic acids David Botstein (born 1942), Swiss-born US molecular geneticist, brother of Leon Botstein Theodor Boveri (1862–1915), German biologist and cytogeneticist Peter Bowen (1932–1988), Canadian medical geneticist Herb Boyer (born 1936), US, created transgenic bacteria inserting