death after the latter spoke against slavery in the Senate. James Brown (1766–1835), U.S. Minister to France, U.S. Senator, and sugarcane planter, some of whose slaves were involved in the 1811 German Coast uprising in what is now Louisiana. Chang and Eng Bunker (1811–1874), Siamese twins who became successful entertainers in the United States. John Burbidge (–1812), Nova Scotia soldier, land owner, judge and politician, he freed his slaves in 1790. Pierce Butler (1744–1822), U.S. Founding Father and plantation owner. William Orlando Butler (1791–1880), American general and politician, he advocated for gradual emancipation and enslaved people himself. C Julius Caesar (100–44 BCE), Roman dictator, he once sold the entire population of Atuatuci into slavery. He personally owned slaves, some of whom he freed, such as Julius Zoilos. Charles Caldwell (1772–1853), American physician who started what is now the University of Louisville School of Medicine. He defended slavery and even owned house slaves himself. John C. Calhoun (1782–1850), 7th Vice President of the United States, owned slaves and asserted that slavery was a "positive good" rather than a "necessary evil". William Capell, 4th Earl of Essex (1732–1799), he enslaved George Edward Doney as a servant. Charles Carroll (1737–1832), signer of Declaration of Independence, enslaved approximately 300 people on his estate in Maryland. Landon Carter (1710–1778), Virginia planter who enslaved as many as 500 people by the end of his life. Robert "King" Carter (1663–1732), Virginia landowner and acting governor of Virginia. He left 3000 enslaved people to his heirs. Samuel A. Cartwright (1793–1863), American physician who invented the pseudoscientific diagnosis of drapetomania to explain the desire for freedom among enslaved Africans. Girolamo Cassar ( – ), Maltese architect who owned at least two slaves. Cato the Elder (234–149 BCE), Roman statesman. Plutarch reported that he owned many slaves, purchasing the youngest captives of war. Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (1819–1874), a Cuban revolutionary, he emancipated his own slaves at the beginning of the Ten Years' War, but only advocated for gradual abolition throughout Cuba. Auguste Chouteau (–1829), co-founder of the city of St. Louis, at the time of his death he owned 36 enslaved people. Pierre Chouteau (1758–1849), half-brother of Auguste Chouteau and defendant in a freedom suit by Marguerite Scypion. Cicero (106–43 BCE), Roman statesman and philosopher. He enslaved at least four people, but the true number is likely higher. William Clark (1770–1838), American explorer and territorial governor famed for leading