public Annotated bibliography Annotated catalogue, often of an individual or group's papers and/or library Simplified graphical representation of knowledge; e.g. a map, or refining a display generated from a database. There will often be a 'key' or written work incorporated with the final work Creating a timeline or chronological plan. There will often be a 'key' or written work incorporated with the final work Devising a classification scheme; e.g. for animals, or newly arisen sub-cultures, or a radically new style of design Encyclopedia entry or Handbook chapter Disseminating knowledge outside the academy Call for papers Documentary film script or TV script or radio script Obituary Opinion; an academic may sometimes be asked to give an expert written opinion, for use in a legal case before a court of law Newspaper opinion article Public speech or lecture Review of a book, film, exhibition, event, etc. Think-tank pamphlet, position paper, or briefing paper Personal forms often for general public These are acceptable to some academic disciplines, e.g. Cultural studies, Fine art, Feminist studies, Queer theory, Literary studies Artist's book or Chapbook Autobiography Belles-lettres; stylish or aesthetic writing on serious subjects, often with reference to one's personal experience Commonplace book Diary or Weblog Memoire; usually a short work, giving one's own memories of a famous person or event Notebooks Format A commonly recognized format for presenting original research in the social and applied sciences is known as IMRD, an initialism that refers to the usual ordering of subsections: Introduction (Overview of relevant research and objective of current study) Method (Assumptions, questions, procedures described in replicable or at least reproducible detail) Results (Presentation of findings; often includes visual displays of quantitative data charts, plots) and Discussion (Analysis, Implications, Suggested Next Steps) Standalone methods sections are atypical in presenting research in the humanities; other common formats in the applied and social sciences are IMRAD (which offers an "Analysis" section separate from the implications presented in the "Discussion" section) and IRDM (found in some engineering subdisciplines, which features Methods at the end of the document). Other common sections in academic documents are: Abstract Acknowledgments Indices Bibliography List of references Appendix/Addendum, any addition to a document See also Academia Academic authorship Academic ghostwriting Academic journal Academic publishing Author editing Creative class Criticism Expository writing Knowledge worker Persuasive writing or rhetoric Publishing Research paper mill Rhetorical device Scientific writing Scientific publishing Scholarly method Scholarly skywriting Style guide References