utterly unacceptable socially, and in imperial Russia, social-political favor would have been essential to the family's economic recovery. Poltoratzky liquidated his assets in Russia, paid off his debts, and prepared to emigrate to France, where he had some untouched funds. In 1860 the Poltoratzky family left Russia for good. They went first to Charlottenburg, Prussia, where another son was born. They then proceeded to Paris, where Serge had long maintained a pied-à-terre for use on his literary trips. Thereafter the family divided their time between Paris and England, where the youngest son was born. Death Poltoratzky died in Neuilly, France in 1884. Notable descendants Serge Poltoratzky's literary legacy was continued by his daughter Frances Hermione de Poltoratzky (alternate spellings: Poltoratskaia or Poltoratskaya), 1850-1916. She wrote, primarily in French, novels, pamphlets on social and political issues, and works on Russian history. The next generation's author was E. M. Almedingen, the daughter of Hermione's sister Olga. Almedingen wrote histories, memoirs, poems and novels for both adults and children. Her most successful works were several novelized children's biographies of her ancestors. References Almedingen, E. M. Anna London: Oxford University Press, 1972 Almedingen, E. M. Ellen New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1970 Almedingen, E. M. Fanny London: Oxford University Press, 1970 Almedingen, E. M. A Very Far Country New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1958 Druzhnikov, Yuri. Prisoner of Russia: Alexander Pushkin and the Political Uses of Nationalism New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1999 Hamst, Olphar. A Martyr to Bibliography: A Notice of the Life and Works of Joseph-Marie Querard, Bibliographer London: John Russell Smith, 1867 External links http://www.monmouth.com/user_pages/juneblum/Ranks.html http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfprtnrs/mfprtnlr.html Russian literary critics 1803 births 1884 deaths Serge