that bind the customer to purchase all or most of a specific type of goods or services only from the dominant supplier. The term exclusive dealing agreement refers to an arrangement under which the supplier is restricted in their ability to supply anyone other than the specific down-stream customer and vice versa. The Commission stated in Guidelines on Vertical Restraints that agreements binding to purchase goods of 80% or more, will be caught in line with the meaning of exclusive dealings and may be determined abusive, see Case 85/76. An exclusive purchase agreement is not per se illegal under Article 102 (see Case C-413/14) and can only be deemed abusive if it can be capable having a foreclosure effect on as-efficient competitors and has no objective justification, see. Hence, a defence that the customer willingly entered into agreement will not suffice; the question is whether the agreement might horizontally foreclose competitors as efficient (or more) that the dominant company in the appropriate market, see Case 85/76 and Case C-393/92. In Economics and Law, there are many forms of exclusive dealing, however the three most commonly known are: De facto/Partial exclusive dealing Third line forcing Full line forcing De facto/Partial exclusive dealing De Facto, also known as partial exclusive dealing, occurs in the presence of: Loyalty discounts, a discount when buyer purchases majority of goods from one supplier Slotting allowances, the supplier pays a fee to secure shelf space from the buyer Requirements contracts, agreement to purchase all units form one supplier, as buyer cannot purchase from any other supplier in the market , which is a term stated in a buyer/supplier contract Third Line Forcing Third line forcing involves the supply of goods or services on condition that the purchaser acquires goods or services from a particular third party, or a refusal to supply because the purchaser will not agree to that condition. Elements of Third line Forcing purchaser wants a specific product , but the purchase of another product is forced on them; The business forces the product of a third party onto the purchaser; Forced purchase of third part's product in order to obtain desired product Third line forcing is prohibited when it has a substantially lessening impact of competition in the industry Case Illustrating Third Line Forcing Australian Consumer & Competition Commission v Black & White Cabs (Australia) [2010] Facts: A number of operators were required by