rolling. Spinning Spinning is used to make tubular (axis-symmetric) parts by fixing a piece of sheet stock to a rotating form (mandrel). Rollers or rigid tools press the stock against the form, stretching it until the stock takes the shape of the form. Spinning is used to make rocket motor casings, missile nose cones, satellite dishes and metal kitchen funnels. Stamping Stamping includes a variety of operations such as punching, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining; simple or complex shapes can be formed at high production rates; tooling and equipment costs can be high, but labor costs are low. Alternatively, the related techniques repoussé and chasing have low tooling and equipment costs, but high labor costs. Water jet cutting A water jet cutter, also known as a waterjet, is a tool capable of a controlled erosion into metal or other materials using a jet of water at high velocity and pressure, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance. Wheeling The process of using an English wheel is called wheeling. It is basically a metal working or metal forming process. An English wheel is used by a craftsperson to form compound curves from a flat sheet of metal of aluminium or steel. It is costly, as highly skilled labour is required. It can produce different panels by the same method. A stamping press is used for high numbers in production. Fasteners Fasteners that are commonly used on sheet metal include: clecos, rivets, and sheet metal screws. See also Circle grid analysis Corrugated galvanised iron, also known as Corrugated Sheet Metal Diamond plate Forming limit diagram Strip steel Temper mill References Bibliography External links Milestones in the History of Sheet Metal How Sheet Metalwork Fabrication Works Metal forming Fabrication (metal)