is very limited. It is only from the 16th century, after the fall of the Christian kingdoms, that such evidence begins to appear. Notes References Citations Sources Further reading External links Builders of forts. Did Meroitic rulers build fortifications? Fortified sites and politics in Upper Nubia during the fall of Meroe and rise of the Kingdom of Alwa Soba. The Heart of Alwa States and territories established in the 6th century States and territories disestablished in the 15th century History of Nubia History of Sudan Nubia Countries in ancient Africa Countries in medieval Africa Former monarchies of Africa 6th-century establishments in Africa 16th-century disestablishments in Africa Medieval Islamic world Spread of Islam Sahelian kingdoms Christianity in the Middle Ages Christianity in Sudan Coptic Orthodox Church Former countries