to have a clear idea as to what patriarchy is in order to struggle against it and quotes Rowbotham's definition in full. She finds fault with those feminists who deny men a role in the battle against sexism. In her opinion, women and men should stand equally against both capitalism and sexism to achieve radical social reorganisation. In a 2011 interview, Rowbotham criticised Communism, claiming that Leninism "narrow the struggle of women's emancipation", and sees "libertarian socialism", "ethical socialism" and anarchism as providing more vital understanding of women's needs. Recent professional life In 2004, Rowbotham was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. She was Professor of Gender and Labour History, Sociology at the University of Manchester, England, until her involuntary retirement in 2008. Rowbotham's involuntary retirement from the University of Manchester caused protest from students. The Facebook group Save Sheila Rowbotham was established to campaign for her continuation as a Lecturer. The same year she published the first-ever biography of Edward Carpenter, entitled Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love and did continue to teach within the Sociology department at Manchester. In Autumn 2008, her request to stay on after the age of 65 to a third of her job was refused. However, after protests from students, academics and others internationally the university offered Rowbotham a third of research professorship. She is currently a Simon Professor. Rowbotham's 2009 biography of Edward Carpenter was shortlisted for the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Rowbotham was the Eccles Centre Writer in Residence at the British Library for 2012 where her research enabled completion of Rebel Crossings. She was portrayed by the actor Jo Herbert in the British film Misbehaviour (2020) about the 1970 Miss World protests. Archives Papers of Sheila Rowbotham are held at The Women's Library at the Library of the London School of Economics, ref 7SHR Bibliography Women's Liberation and the New Politics (Spokesman, 1969). Women, Resistance and Revolution (Allen Lane, 1973; Verso, 2014) Woman's Consciousness, Man's World (Pelican, 1973; Verso, 2015) Hidden from History: 300 years of Women's Oppression and the Fight Against It (Pluto Press, 1973, 1992). A New World for Women: Stella Browne, Socialist Feminist (Pluto Press, 1977). Dutiful Daughters: Women Talk About Their Lives, with Jean McCrindle (Viking Press, 1977). Beyond the Fragments: Feminism and the Making of Socialism, with Lynne Segal and Hilary Wainwright (Merlin Press, 1979, 2012) Dreams and Dilemmas: