and is prepared either from the natural products leurosine or catharanthine and vindoline, in both cases by first preparing anhydrovinblastine. Species Accepted species: Vinca difformis Pourr. – Azores, western and central Mediterranean Vinca erecta Regel & Schmalh. – Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit. – central, eastern and southeastern Europe; Middle East Vinca ispartensis Koyuncu & Ekşi – Turkey Vinca major L. – southern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Caucasus; introduced to and established in New Zealand, California, British Isles, central Europe, Ukraine, North Africa, south China, Canary Islands, Madeira, North America, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Costa Rica, Guatemala Vinca minor L. – central and southeastern Europe, Ukraine, Caucasus; introduced to and established in British Isles, Scandinavia, Portugal, Turkey, south China, North America, New Zealand Vinca soneri Koyuncu – Turkey References External links Apocynaceae genera Groundcovers Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Rhizomatous plants Stoloniferous plants Subshrubs