Brzezinski laid out his most significant contribution to post-Cold War geostrategy in his 1997 book The Grand Chessboard. He defined four regions of Eurasia, and in which ways the United States ought to design its policy toward each region in order to maintain its global primacy. The four regions (echoing Mackinder and Spykman) are: Europe, the Democratic Bridgehead Russia, the Black Hole The Middle East, the Eurasian Balkans Asia, the Far Eastern Anchor In his subsequent book, The Choice, Brzezinski updates his geostrategy in light of globalization, 9/11 and the intervening six years between the two books. In his journal called America's New Geostrategy, he discusses the need of shift in America's geostrategy to avoid its massive collapse like many scholars predict. He points out that: the United States needs to shift away from its long-standing preoccupation with the threat of a nuclear war between the superpowers or a massive Soviet conventional attack in central Europe. a doctrine and a force posture are needed that will enable the United States to respond more selectively to a large number of possible security threats to enhance deterrence in the current and foreseeable conditions. the United States should rely to a greater extent on a more flexible mix of nuclear and even non-nuclear strategic forces capable of executing more selective military mission Other notable geostrategists See also German geostrategy Indian geostrategy Pakistani geostrategy Geostrategy in Taiwan Geostrategy in Central Asia Oil geostrategy Geoeconomics References Further reading Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books, 1997. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. America's New Geostrategy. Council on Foreign Relations, 1988 Gray, Colin S. and Geoffrey Sloan. Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1999. Mackinder, Halford J. Democratic Ideals and Reality. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1996. Mahan, Alfred Thayer. The Problem of Asia: Its Effects Upon International Politics. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003. Daclon, Corrado Maria. Geopolitics of Environment, A Wider Approach to the Global Challenges. Italy: Comunità Internazionale, SIOI, 2007. Efremenko, Dmitry V. Russian Geostrategic Imperatives. Collection of Essays. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, 2019. European Geostrategy Ukrainian Geostrategy The GeGaLo index of geopolitical gains and losses assesses how the geopolitical position of 156 countries may change if the world fully transitions to renewable energy resources. Former fossil fuels exporters are expected to lose power, while the positions of