approach to the study of international affairs, and many of the classes are focused on policy. NPSIA's MA program is organized around eight fields: Conflict Analysis and Conflict Resolution ("CON") Health, Displacement and Humanitarian Policy ("HDHP") International Development Policy ("IDP") Intelligence and International Affairs ("IIA") International Organizations and Global Public Policy ("IOGP") International Economic Policy ("IEP") Security, Defence Policy ("SDP) Diplomacy and Foreign Policy ("DFP") To graduate, NPSIA M.A. students must complete 5.0 full credits, including one economics course, at least one cluster course and the introductory methods course. Students must also demonstrate an intermediate knowledge of a major second language. For instance, in French, students must meet the B1 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. PhD The PhD program at NPSIA requires that students complete at least 10 full credits, which includes the 4.5 credits worth of dissertation work. The PhD program has three fields of study: International Conflict Management and Resolution International Development Policy International Economic Policy Joint and dual degrees NPSIA offers an M.A./JD degree in conjunction with the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Law. Students must apply to both the JD and the M.A. programs separately and gain admission to each program to be admitted into the joint program. M.A./JD students do one year at UOttawa before completing their second year at NPSIA. The school has also partnered with Carleton's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering to offer the Master of Infrastructure Protection and International Security (MIPIS). This degree combines infrastructure engineering with international affairs to address issues at the nexus of national security and engineering. Research units and publications As a hub of international affairs-related research, NPSIA houses a number of different research centres. Each is a unique body tasked with producing research on a specific topic or collection of related topics. Many NPSIA professors are actively involved in these research centres. NPSIA is affiliated with the following research centres: The Canadian Centre of Intelligence and Security Studies (CCISS) The Canadian Centre for Treaty Compliance (CCTC) Centre for Security and Defence Studies (CSDS) Centre for Trade Policy and Law (CTPL) In addition to these research units, the school is home to two academic journals. The first, the Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, is a peer-reviewed journal traditionally published three times per year. Founded in 1992, the journal offers analysis of foreign policy issues from a Canadian perspective, and many NPSIA faculty