The year 2005 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy January 5 – Eris, the most massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, is identified by a team the Palomar Observatory in California from images taken on October 21, 2003 (discovery announced July 29, 2005). February 23 – Astronomers announce the discovery of a galaxy, VIRGOHI21, that consists almost entirely of dark matter. March 23 – Two independent teams report the observation of light from planets circling two different stars, using the Spitzer infrared space telescope. Both groups detect a during conjunction, when the planet is moving behind its sun's disk (occultation). March 31 – Dwarf planet Makemake is discovered in the Kuiper belt (discovery announced July 29). April 8 – Total solar eclipse. May 18 – A second photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope confirms the discovery of two new moons of Pluto: Nix and Hydra. July 20–27 – Controversy over the discovery of Haumea: Discovery of dwarf planet Haumea is announced. October 3 – Annular solar eclipse. October–November – Japanese robotic spacecraft Hayabusa makes a rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Biology June 2 – Michael Kosfeld and colleagues publish their findings that oxytocin increases trust in humans. August 31 – A first draft of the chimpanzee genome is published. October 5 – The Spanish flu virus is reconstructed and shown to be closely related to the Avian influenza virus. November 27 – French oral and maxillofacial surgeon Dr. Bernard Devauchelle and colleagues perform the world's first partial face transplant on a living human, replacing Isabelle Dinoire's face, which had been mutilated by her dog. The Stitchbird is reintroduced to mainland New Zealand. Pamela C. Rasmussen and John C. Anderton publish Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Climatology January 27 – Scientists behind the climateprediction.net project, a distributed computing project run from Oxford University, announce that first results indicate a long term surface temperature increase due to global warming of between 2 and 11 degrees Celsius as a consequence of doubling carbon dioxide levels, with most of the simulations predicting a temperature rise of around 3.4 °C. Computer science April 23 – The first video is uploaded to the online video hosting service YouTube established by Jawed Karim, Steve Chen and Chad Hurley. Paleontology January 13 – Chinese paleontologists announce the discovery of fossils of Repenomamus robustus and Repenomamus giganticus, mammals that lived 130