world, about peace and war, or social issues such as hunger and missions. Arizmendiarrieta belonged to this group. One of the most influential priests was Manuel Lekuona, a professor of languages and art. He defended that working for the cultivation of the Basque language was an urgent duty of the diocesan priests, to teach catechesis in the vernacular language. In fact, in 1933 several students in the 2nd year of Philosophy decided to found the “Third level of the Kardaberaz Society” (Kardaberaz Bazkunaren hirugarren maila), and they endowed it with the motto “Always forward” (Aurrera beti). They all agreed that the best person to draft its statutes was Arizmendiarrieta, who also drew up his founding manifesto, in which he associated the work of the company with the Renaissance ideology. Likewise, he was appointed deputy director of the Society, that is, the de facto manager, since the Director Lekuona, carried out a task of mere supervision. They held an average of three meetings per month, to which were added ordinary and extraordinary meetings. Both Lekuona and Jose Miguel Barandiaran conveyed to the seminarians the value of critical observation, being reluctant to mere study. And it is that the monastic romanticism of the Seminary cloistered the priestly vocation, and according to Arizmendiarrieta, "from so much talking about the temptations of the world, they were absent and unaware of the real temptations: power and comfort." Civil War and priestly ordination: 1936-1941 At the beginning of the civil war in July 1936, Arizmendiarrieta was in the family farmhouse of Barinaga enjoying his annual vacation from the Seminary, and he remained there until he was mobilized by the new Basque Government of José Antonio Aguirre. But the military medical court certified his incapacity for active military service, and assigned him to auxiliary corps, specifically to the editorial office of the newspaper Eguna (The day), where he received a monthly salary as a soldier. The newspaper in Basque had been created in January 1937 by the new government to communicate with the Basque-speaking population, and especially with the soldiers at the front. He was a member of the Bilbao Press Association, and in May and June he also wrote in the bilingual newspaper Gudari (Soldier), aimed directly at the Basque militia battalions. In his articles, the anti-fascist, nationalist and Christian-Democratic ideology of Eguna was maintained. With Arizmendiarrieta worked several comrades from the group “Always forward” of