Maccabi Health Services (Hebrew: מכבי שירותי בריאות, formerly Maccabi Fund for the Ill, Hebrew: קופת חולים מכבי), known as Kupat Holim Maccabi, is one of the four Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) currently active in Israel. It was founded in September 1940 and began operating in August 1941. Since 1995 Maccabi has been operating under the National Health Insurance Law. Membership fees for HMOs in Israel are legally determined and are collected from those entitled to membership by the Institute for National Insurance. Maccabi’s services are based upon the Israeli National Health Services Basket and the Maccabi Services Basket. Maccabi members can benefit from additional paid coverage through the Additional Health Services. Maccabi has three levels of Additional Health Services on offer: Maccabi Silver, Maccabi Gold, and Maccabi Sheli. As of 2020, Maccabi Healthcare Services is the second largest Kupat Holim in Israel, with almost 2.4 million members, and is considered an influential institution in regards to the Israeli healthcare system. Maccabi members benefit from diverse health services, using expert personnel in all medical and paramedical fields as well as a network of specialized institutes ho perform diagnostics and treatments, including Assuta. Maccabi’s service methodology is based on free choice of physician. The Maccabi Committee, chief governing body of Maccabi, holds elections every 4 years. History Maccabi Fund for the Ill was founded in 1940 as an association affiliated with the Maccabi Eretz Yisrael movement. Maccabi Eretz Yisrael was an a-political movement with a liberal worldview, in contrast to the collaborative ethos of the Labor movement. Maccabi began with a staff of ten doctors. Amongst the founding fathers were: Dr. Felix Theilhaber, Dr. Ernest Freudenthal, Peretz Bernstein, Uri Nadav, Dr. Avigdor Koren, George Flash, Dr. Eliahu Sedgar, Hananya Berger, Dr. Moshe Harnik, Dr. Eliezer Ludwig Lehrfreund, Dr. Robert Atlas, Arthur Rosenberg, Fritz Levinzon, Dr. Herman Lelewer. Most of them were doctors, while others dealt with administration and finances. The founders were headed by two co-managers: Dr. Felix Theilhaber, who came up with ideas and preached for their execution, and Dr. Ernest Freudenthal, who carried them out. Dr. Theilhaber served as the HMO’s lead physician and chairman until his death in 1956. Dr. Freudenthal headed the HMO as its CEO and later chairman until he died in 1982. When Maccabi started out most of its doctors were originally from central Europe. They brought along liberal work methods, centered around the member’s freedom