Llinás has occupied a number of positions. Research fellow, Massachusetts General Hosp.-Harvard University, 1960–61 National Institutes of Health research fellow in physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1961–63 Associate professor, University Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1965–66 Associate member, American Medical Association Institute Biomed. Research, Chicago, 1966–68 Member, American Medical Association Institute Biomed. Research, Chicago, 1970 Head neurobiology unit, American Medical Association Institute Biomed. Research, Chicago, 1967–70 Associate professor neurology and psychiatry, Northwestern University, 1967–71 Guest professor physiology, Wayne State University, 1967–74 Professorial lecturer pharmacology, University Ill.-Chgo., 1967–68 Clinical professor, University Ill.-Chgo., 1968–72 Professor physiology, head neurobiology div., University of Iowa, 1970–76 Prof., chairman physiology and biophysics, New York University, New York City, 1976—2011 Thomas and Suzanne Murphy professor neuroscience., New York University, 1985— University Professor, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology., New York University, 2011— Contributions Llinás is known for his many contributions to neuroscience, however, his most important contributions are the following: Discovery of dendritic inhibition in central neurons (at the mammalian motoneuron). The functional organization of the cerebellar cortex neuronal circuits. Defining cerebellar function from an evolutionary perspective. First description of electrical coupling in the mammalian CNS (mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus). First determination of presynaptic calcium current, under voltage clamp, at the squid giant synapse. Discovery that vertebrate neurons (cerebellar Purkinje cell) can generate calcium-dependent spikes. Proposal and Organization of NASA Neurolab Project that flew on April 17, 1998, Space Shuttle Columbia. Discovery of the P-type calcium channel in the Purkinje cells. Discovery of low threshold spikes generated by low voltage activated calcium conductaces (presently known as due to T-type calcium channel) in inferior olive and thalamus neurons. A tensor network model of the transformation of sensory space-time coordinates into motor coordinates by the cerebellum. Asserting the law of no interchangeability of neurons, which it is known as Llinás' law. Direct demonstration of calcium concentration microdomains at the presynaptic active zone. Utilization of magnetoencephalography in clinical research. Discovery of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in the inferior olive, thalamus and entorhinal cortex. The discovery of Thalamocortical dysrhythmia. Artificial olivo-cerebellar motor control system as part of the project BAUV (Undersea Vehicle) of the US Navy developed by P. Bandyopadhyay. Memberships and honors Llinás is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1986), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1996), American Philosophical Society (1996), the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina (Spain) (1996) and the French Academy of Science (2002). Dr. Llinás has