would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote. June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647, July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708, August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244, March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891 March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891 March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891 March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891 March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act) States admitted and territories organized November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states. November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state. November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state. May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized. July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state. July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state. Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress. Senate House of Representatives Leadership Senate President: Levi P. Morton (R) President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889 Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891 Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890 Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards House of Representatives Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R) Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below Senate Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892;