creation and implementation of many fishery management policies placing restrictions on the fishing of spiny dogfish. However, since the species is a late-maturing fish, it takes a while to rebuild the population. In 2010, Greenpeace International added the spiny dogfish to its seafood red list. "The Greenpeace International seafood red list is a list of fish that are commonly sold in supermarkets around the world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries." In the same year, the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS; also known as the Bonn Convention) listed the species (Northern Hemisphere populations) under Annex I of its Migratory Shark Memorandum of Understanding. In recent years, however, the US has implemented fishing controls and The proposed quota for 2011 was with a trip limit of , an increase over past years in which the quota has ranged from , with trip limits from . In 2010, NOAA announced the Eastern US Atlantic spiny dogfish stocks to be rebuilt, and in 2011, concerns about dogfish posing a serious predatory threat to other stocks resulted in an emergency amendment of the quota with nearly being added. In June 2018, the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified Squalus acanthias Linnaeus as "Not Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. Fossil range Squalus acanthias fossils are known from the Miocene of Denmark and the Netherlands, dating from approximately 11 million years ago. As with other cartilaginous fish, the fossil record of Squalus acanthias consists predominantly of dental material, as cartilage does not fossilize well. The teeth of S. acanthus can be hard to differentiate from those of other squaliforme sharks, making identification difficult. References External links Spiny dogfish at Animal Diversity Web Canadian Shark Research Laboratory 3D model of a spiny dogfish splanchnocranium spiny dogfish Fish of the Americas Marine fish of Europe Marine fish of New Zealand Fish of the Mediterranean Sea Fish of the Black Sea Marine fauna of North Africa Marine fauna of East Asia Marine fish of South Africa Marine fish of Southern Australia Cosmopolitan fish spiny dogfish spiny dogfish Species endangered by use as food