Parliament forming the House of Representatives of the Federal Parliament of Nepal are elected. The term for the House of Representatives is five years, except when dissolved earlier. When the House of Representatives is dissolved the power of Federal Parliament is carried out by the National Assembly. Candidates for each constituency are chosen by the political parties or stand as independents. Each constituency elects one MP under the first past the post system of election. Since Nepal uses a parallel voting system, voters cast another ballot to elect MPs through the party-list proportional representation. The current constitution specifies that 165 MPs are elected from the first past the post system and 110 MPs are elected through the party-list proportional representation system. Women should account for one third of total members elected from each party and if one-third percentage are not elected, the party that fails to ensure so shall have to elect one-third of total number as women through the party-list proportional representation. A party with an overall majority (more seats than all other parties combined) following an election forms the government. If a party has no outright majority, parties can seek to form coalitions. By-elections 1959 by-elections, Constituency 52 (Bara Mid-East) Constituency 70 (Thalara Doti North) Constituency 91 (Gulmi South-West) 1992 by-elections, 9 February 1992 Sunsari-2 Kathmandu 5 1994 by-elections, 7 February 1994 Jhapa-1 Kathmandu 1 1997 by-elections, 24 January 1997 Sunsari-5 Kathmandu 1 Rautahat-2 Rupandehi-2 Baitadi 1 1999 by-elections, 9 December 1999 Jhapa-6 Morang-1 Rautahat-4 2009 by-elections, 10 April 2009 Morang-5 Morang-7 Dhanusha-5 Kaski 1 Rolpa-2 Kanchanpur-4 2014 by-elections, 22 June 2014 Kathmandu 2 Chitwan-4 Bardiya 1 Kailali-6 2015 Baglung 1 by-election, 11 April 2015 2019 Kaski–2 by-election, 30 November 2019 National assembly elections According to Article 86 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the members of the National Assembly are elected every six years through an electoral college. In addition to this, one-third of the members are retired every two years for six years by drawing a lottery. The electoral college consists of members of the provincial assembly and Chairperson/Mayor and Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor of the local bodies within the state. Each provincial assembly members vote has a weight of forty eight whereas each Chairperson/Mayor/Vice Chairperson/Deputy Mayor vote has a weight of eighteen. The electoral college elects 56 members to the National Assembly and three members, including one woman, are nominated by the president on the recommendation