in Sweden. This suggests this subspecies originated in Scandinavia and spread from there to the rest of Eurosiberia. Use as a biological weapon When the U.S. biological warfare program ended in 1969, F. tularensis was one of seven standardized biological weapons it had developed as part of German-American cooperation in the 1920s–1930s. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Diagnosis Infection by F. tularensis is diagnosed by clinicians based on symptoms and patient history, imaging, and laboratory studies. Treatment Tularemia is treated with antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. About 15 proteins were suggested that could facilitate drug and vaccine design pipeline. Prevention Preventive measures include preventing bites from ticks, flies, and mosquitos; ensuring that all game is cooked thoroughly; refraining from drinking untreated water and using insect repellents. If working with cultures of F. tularensis, in the lab, wear a gown, impermeable gloves, mask, and eye protection. When dressing game, wear impermeable gloves. A live attenuated vaccine is available for individuals who are at high risk for exposure such, as laboratory personnel. Genomics Francisella Genome Projects (from Genomes OnLine Database) Comparative Analysis of Francisella Genomes (at DOE's IMG system) See also Francisella small RNA References External links Francisella tularensis information from the CDC/National Center for Infectious Diesase: BioHealthBase Bioinformatics Resource Center The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) supports a public database describing the molecular genetics of F. tularensis. The website describes the genes, proteins, and cellular characteristics of the pathogen. Type strain of Francisella tularensis at BacDive – the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Thiotrichales Biological weapons Bacteria described in 1912