The Fulkerson Prize for outstanding papers in the area of discrete mathematics is sponsored jointly by the Mathematical Optimization Society (MOS) and the American Mathematical Society (AMS). Up to three awards of $1,500 each are presented at each (triennial) International Symposium of the MOS. Originally, the prizes were paid out of a memorial fund administered by the AMS that was established by friends of the late Delbert Ray Fulkerson to encourage mathematical excellence in the fields of research exemplified by his work. The prizes are now funded by an endowment administered by MPS. Winners Source: Mathematical Optimization Society 1979: Richard M. Karp for classifying many important NP-complete problems. Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken for the four color theorem. Paul Seymour for generalizing the max-flow min-cut theorem to matroids. 1982: D.B. Judin, Arkadi Nemirovski, Leonid Khachiyan, Martin Grötschel, László Lovász and Alexander Schrijver for the ellipsoid method in linear programming and combinatorial optimization. G. P. Egorychev and D. I. Falikman for proving van der Waerden's conjecture that the matrix with all entries equal has the smallest permanent of any doubly stochastic matrix. 1985: Jozsef Beck for tight bounds on the discrepancy of arithmetic progressions. H. W. Lenstra Jr. for using the geometry of numbers to solve integer programs with few variables in time polynomial in the number of constraints. Eugene M. Luks for a polynomial time graph isomorphism algorithm for graphs of bounded maximum degree. 1988: Éva Tardos for finding minimum cost circulations in strongly polynomial time. Narendra Karmarkar for Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming. 1991: Martin E. Dyer, Alan M. Frieze and Ravindran Kannan for random-walk-based approximation algorithms for the volume of convex bodies. Alfred Lehman for 0,1-matrix analogues of the theory of perfect graphs. Nikolai E. Mnev for Mnev's universality theorem, that every semialgebraic set is equivalent to the space of realizations of an oriented matroid. 1994: Louis Billera for finding bases of piecewise-polynomial function spaces over triangulations of space. Gil Kalai for making progress on the Hirsch conjecture by proving subexponential bounds on the diameter of d-dimensional polytopes with n facets. Neil Robertson, Paul Seymour and Robin Thomas for the six-color case of Hadwiger's conjecture. 1997: Jeong Han Kim for finding the asymptotic growth rate of the Ramsey numbers R(3,t). 2000: Michel X. Goemans and David P. Williamson for approximation algorithms based on semidefinite programming. Michele Conforti, Gérard Cornuéjols, and M. R. Rao for recognizing balanced 0-1 matrices