dynasty of Aleppo and Mosul 899 to 976 – Qarmatian revolution 909 – Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, founded the Fatimid Caliphate 909 to 1171 – Fatimid Caliphate, originally based in Tunisia, spanned a vast area of the Arab lands, ultimately made Egypt its centre 928 – Construction of Al-Hakim Mosque 929 to 1031 – Caliphate of Córdoba, with the Iberian peninsula as an integral province, ruled from Damascus 934 – Imad al-Dawla rise to power and establishment of the Buyid dynasty 934 to 1062 – Buyid dynasty in Iran 936 to 1013 – Al-Zahrawi, pioneer of surgery 941 – The Major Occultation of the Mahdi starts 942 to 979 – Sallarid dynasty in Iran, Azerbaijan and Armenia 945 – Sayf al-Dawla rise to power 965 to 1091 – Emirate of Sicily 965 to 1040 – Ibn al-Haytham, Founded experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception as well as optics and experimental physics. 970 – foundation of Al-Azhar University, oldest Islamic institution for higher studies 980 to 1037 – Avicenna, pioneer of neuropsychiatry, thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness 990 to 1081 – Numayrid dynasty of Harran and Raqqa 990 to 1096 – Uqaylid dynasty of Mosul 2nd millennium AD 1004 – House of Knowledge built by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, said to have contained more than 1,600,000 books 1024 to 1080 – Mirdasid dynasty of Aleppo 1037 to 1194 – arrival of the Turkish Seljuq Empire, and the subsequent end of Arab dominance 1044 or 1048 to 1123 – Al-Khayyam gave a classification of cubic equations with geometric solutions using conic sections, extracted roots using the Indian decimal system 1096 to 1487 – Crusades; four crusader states are established in the region for more than two centuries: The County of Edessa (1097–1150); the Principality of Antioch (1098–1287), the County of Tripoli (1102–1289), and the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291). 1100 to 1166 – Muhammad al-Idrisi, known for having drawn some of the most advanced ancient world maps 1105 to 1185 – Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture, author of the first Philosophical novel 1126 to 1198 – Averroes pioneer of Parkinson disease, philosophical commentator 1136 to 1206 – Ismail al-Jazari, Muslim polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist and mathematician from Jazira, He described the crankshaft that transforms continuous rotary motion into a linear reciprocating motion, and is central to modern machinery such as the steam