in the South Australian upper house went for over 13 hours); this forced the introduction of a time limit on future speeches. In 1926, he lost his Senate seat, but he filled a casual vacancy for five months in 1928, despite expulsion from the Lang-led state branch of the party. He unsuccessfully contested Dalley as an independent Labor candidate in 1928. He then unsuccessfully contested the State seats of Waverley in 1932 and Canterbury in 1935 as an Official Labor candidate—that is, recognised by the Federal Labor Party, but not the State branch. In 1922, Gardiner contested the leadership of the Labor Party against Matthew Charlton who defeated him by 22 votes to 2. He played rugby union as a forward and represented New South Wales against New Zealand and Queensland in 1897 and against England in 1899. Gardiner died at Bondi Junction, survived by his wife, a son and a daughter. References Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia 1867 births 1952 deaths Members of the Australian Senate for New South Wales Australian sportsperson-politicians 20th-century Australian politicians