findings, like those of Dalton's combining ratios, were early clues to the atomic nature of matter. Vladimir Markovnikov Vladimir Markovnikov born in 1838, was a Russian Scientist who proceeded most of his work at Kazan University in Russia. In his time at the University he studied in a laboratory better known as "The Cradle of Russian Organic Chemistry". Butlerov was his teacher in his time at Kazan more or less a mentor in where he inherited lots of knowledge from which would contribute to his rule. In addition to his years at Kazan where he would graduate, he studied in Germany for two years expanding his knowledge of chemistry. Markovnikovs contributions to the fields of organic chemistry lead to his findings in his own rule in which he named after himself. The rule stated that hydrogen halides when added to alkenes and alkynes would add in a way that hydrogens would bond to the side of the carbon with the most hydrogen substituents. Products in chemistry that follow this rule were considered markvnikov and those that did not were considered anti-markovnikov products. In today's world this rule would be used to fuel what we call "green chemistry" or for lack of better terms atom efficiency where all the atoms in the reaction are being used as opposed to half or less. Markovnikov in a broader spectrum contributed to the region of regiochemistry or regioselectivity where atom substituents (mostly carbon) can be pre-determined based upon rules such as this. With his rule, Markovnikov revolutionized the areas of substition and elimination reactions with a better understanding of carbocation intermediates and transitions phases in a reaction. Because of these contributions in 1945 Alexander Erminingeldovich Arbuzov headed a branch of the chemistry department for the USSR at Kazan and it received an award based on the foundations of alumni Markovnikov. Even with his findings Markovnikovs rule was not the end all be all because there were found exceptions such as free radical addition and olefin metathesis. With his rule Markovnikov was able to contribute in the fields of petroleum products and alicylic compounds because they both contain needs for specified regioselectivity. Markovnikovs contributions were not brought out all by himself though. Names like Berichete, Michael, and Kharasch were major contributors allowing for Markovnikovs works to be published and seen around the world. Like it was mentioned before, Markovnikov was essential in the works of