Greek philosophy. 285 to 628 AD – Byzantine–Sasanian wars 300 to 602 AD – Kingdom of the Lakhmids 330 to 1453 AD – Byzantine Empire, continuation of the Roman Empire in the east, until it fell to the Ottoman Empire 376 AD – large-scale irruption of Goths and others, and the subsequent onset of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire 394 AD – Theodosius I suppressed the Olympic Games as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as the state religion 412 to 485 AD – Proclus a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed systems of Neoplatonism 5th century to 437 AD – Syrianus, Neoplatonist philosopher, author of a commentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle and Plato's Timaeus 450 to 520 – Isidore of Alexandria one of the last Neoplatonist philosophers 458 to 538 AD – Damascius, the last of Neoplatonist philosophers 490 to 560 AD – Simplicius of Cilicia, Neoplatonist philosopher and commentator on Aristotle's de Caelo, Physica Auscultatio, and Categories, as well as a commentary upon the Enchiridion of Epictetus. 490 to 570 AD – John Philoponus, an Alexandrian philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian, one of the first to propose a "theory of impetus" similar to the modern concept of inertia over Aristotelian dynamics 512 to 602 AD – Justinian dynasty of Eastern Roman Empire Islamic Middle East 1st millennium AD 570 – Birth of Muhammad 573 - Birth of Abu Bakr 585 - Birth of Umar 573/576 - Birth of Uthman 601 – Birth of Ali 614 – Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish (Migration to Abyssinia) 616 – Second migration to Abyssinia 620 – Ascension to the heavens 622 – Constitution of Medina, establishment of the first Islamic state 624: Battle of Badr, expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina 626 – Siege of Constantinople 629 to 1050 – Arab–Byzantine wars 630 – Conquest of Mecca 632 – Death of Muhammad, Designation of the successor of Muhammad 632 to 661 – Rashidun Caliphate 633 to 651 – Muslim conquest of Persia 634 to 641 – Muslim conquest of the Levant (Syria) 639 to 642 – Muslim conquest of Egypt 642 to 799 – Khazar-Arab Wars weaken the Umayyad army and contribute to the eventual fall of the dynasty 642 to 870 – Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 656 to 661 – First Fitna (First Islamic