of the world. He believed that agriculture, and domestication of plants and animals had an effect on the physical environment. After his retirement, Sauer's school of human-environment geography developed into cultural ecology, political ecology, and historical ecology. Historical ecology retains Sauer's interest in human modification of the landscape and pre-modern cultures. Honors and awards Sauer received numerous professional awards and honorary degrees: Charles P. Daly Medal, American Geographical Society, 1940 Vega Medal, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, 1957 Alexander von Humboldt Medal, Berlin Geographical Society, 1959 Victoria Medal, Royal Geographical Society, 1975 Phil. D., University of Heidelberg, 1956 LL.D., Syracuse University, 1958 LL.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1960 LL.D., University of Glasgow, 1965 He was named a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow in 1931 and served as a member of the Selection Board of the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 1936-1965. He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from the American Geographical Society in 1935, and its Daly Medal in 1940. Graduate students Sauer graduated many doctoral students, the majority completing dissertations on Latin American and Caribbean topics and thereby founding the Berkeley School of Latin Americanist Geography. The first generation consisted of Sauer's own students: Fred B. Kniffen (1930), Peveril Meigs (1932), Donald Brand (1933), Henry Bruman (1940), Felix W. McBryde (1940), Robert Bowman (1941), Dan Stanislawski (1944), Robert C. West (1946), James J. Parsons (1948), Edwin Doran (1953), Philip Wagner (1953), Brigham Arnold (1954), Homer Aschmann (1954), B. LeRoy Gordon (1954), Frederick J. Simoons (1956), Gordon Merrill (1957), Donald Innis (1958), Marvin W. Mikesell (1958), Carl Johannessen (1959), Clinton Edwards (1962), and Leonard Sawatzky (1967). Among them, Parsons remained at the University of California at Berkeley and became prolific in directing Latin Americanist doctoral dissertations. His doctoral students formed the second generation of the Berkeley School: Campbell Pennington (1959), William Denevan (1963), David Harris (1963), David Radell (1964), Thomas Veblen (1975), Karl Zimmerer (1987), Paul F. Starrs (1989), John B. Wright (1990), and David J. Larson (1994). Apart from Latin America, Parsons' PhD students such as Alvin W. Urquhart (1962) also worked in Africa. Denevan became a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and, in turn, produced a third generation: Daniel Gade (1967), Bernard Nietschmann (1970), Roger Byrne (1972), Roland Bergmann (1974), Billie Lee Turner II (1974), Gregory Knapp (1984), Kent Mathewson (1987), John M. Treacy (1989), and Oliver Coomes (1992). Mikesell became a professor at the University of Chicago and