citizens to one half of the priesthoods in the pontifices and augures colleges. Lex Hortensia (287 BC), which made all Roman citizens subject to the laws created by the Plebeian Council. Lex Maenia (between 291 and 219 BC), which required the senate to approve all bills approved by the Plebeian Council. Legislative Actions Legislative Actions by the Concilium Plebis can be categorized into four principal categories based on their purpose. These categories are: (1) Equality, (2) Broadening of Participation, (3) Protection and (4) Mutually Binding Consultation. Specifically, legislative Actions that fall under the 'Equality' category are actions which move to create equality between different groups of people. 'Broadening of Participation' is indicative of actions which aim to increase the political participation of groups which had previously been denied. The category of 'Protection' includes legislative actions seeking to place limits on arbitrary action of the state, as well as seeking rights (personal rights, rights to property). Finally, legislative actions under the category of 'Mutually Binding Consultation' are those which aim to solidify and increase the power and authority of the Council of the Plebs. These categories are based on Tilly's Dimensions of Democratization. See also References Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. Elibron Classics (). Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23. Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1. Develin, R (1975). "Comitia tributa plebis". Athenaeum; Pavia. 53: 302-338 - via Proquest. Drogula, Fred K (2017). "Plebeian Tribunes and the Government of Early Rome". Antichthon. 51: 110. Farrell, Joseph (1986-01-01). "The Distinction Between Comitia and Concilium". Athenaeum: 407-438. Lintott, Andrew (1999). The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press (). Polybius (1823). The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. By James Hampton. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol. 2. Taylor, Lily Ross (1966). Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar. The University of Michigan Press (). Notes Further reading Ihne, Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. William Pickering. 1853. Johnston, Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes,