form of protests, strikes, or other direct actions. Mohandas Gandhi, a major proponent of nonviolence, used satyagraha to demonstrate the following: Peacefully controlling a group of people with a common cause was possible. One could accomplish objectives through solidarity without capitulating to violent attack. His method ensured mutual support. It was possible to desist from retributive justice. It was not ultimately desirable to inflict punishment, even when one was grievously wronged. With that method of escalation, Gandhi avoided technological escalation and demonstrated to those in power the following: The group was held together by its own discipline and not by any kind of authority using violence. Authority could surrender without being subjected to violence. Authority could depart safely. Authority could devolve without obstacles since the dissent was well enough organized to constitute an effective political party. Systems view Carol Moore, a later theorist, examined and described Gandhi's methods from the perspective of systems theory. Jay Forrester and Donella Meadows observed that people in crisis would often push the twelve leverage points towards escalation in the first stage and then reduce escalation when the resistance had weakened, and it was impossible to maintain the status quo. See also Conflict management Friedrich Glasl's model of conflict escalation De-escalation Escalation of commitment References Conflict (process)