was promoted lieutenant-general in 1851, made colonel commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1853, and general in 1860. He died in London on 19 April 1861. His eldest son, Major-General Charles Pasley (1824–1890), was a distinguished Royal Engineer officer. His daughter Margaret married railway inspector and MP Henry Whatley Tyler. Another son, George Malcolm Pasley (d.1861), served as an officer in the Royal Artillery (South Africa 1849-51 and Indian Mutiny) and as ADC to General Michel in the Turkish Contingent in the Crimean War. In 1826, as lecturer in architecture and engineering at the Royal School of Military Engineering at Chatham, he began research and experiments on artificial hydraulic cement, attempting to match or make an improvement over natural or "Roman" cement, invented by James Parker in 1796. In 1830, he succeeded and with chalk and Medway clay, produced a hydraulic lime equal to the natural "Roman" cement and similar to that produced by Joseph Aspdin in Wakefield. Works Among Pasley's works, besides the aforementioned, were separate editions of his Practical Geometry Method (1822) and of his Course of Elementary Fortification (1822), both of which formed part of his Military Instruction; Rules for Escalading Fortifications not having Palisaded Covered Ways (1822; new eds. 1845 and 1854); descriptions of a semaphore invented by himself in 1804 (1822 and 1823); A Simple Practical Treatise on Field Fortification (1823); and Exercise of the Newdecked Pontoons invented by Lieutenant-Colonel Pasley (1823). Links to works Essay on the Military Policy and institutions of the British Empire by Charles Pasley (2nd ed., 1811): Part I See also Dee bridge disaster Penmanshiel Tunnel Railway Inspectorate References Notes Bibliography PR Lewis and C Gagg, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 45, 29, (2004). PR Lewis, Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847, Tempus Publishing (2007) External links [ Royal Engineers Museum - Sapper Biographies] 1780 births 1861 deaths British Empire British military writers Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath Royal Engineers officers British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich People from Dumfries and Galloway Fellows of the Royal Society Scottish military personnel British Army generals