it was matched with the Knave. The Jack was thought to be the Knight (Cavalier). Thus, in traditional Portuguese games, the cards usually rank King-Jack-Queen. Both conventions mentioned above are also practiced in Malta which once used Portuguese-suited decks. The extinct Portuguese deck featured straight swords and knobbly clubs like the Spanish suits but intersected them like the northern Italian suits. The Aces featured dragons, the kings were seated, and the knaves were all distinctly female. The closest living relative of the Portuguese deck is the Sicilian Tarot which has these features minus the Aces. The extinct Minchiate deck also shared some features. This system was believed to have originated in Spain as an export pattern. The Spanish spread it to Portugal, southern Italy, Malta, the Spanish Netherlands, and as far as Peru but was probably never popular in its homeland. Instead of using la pinta, these decks used abbreviations as indices at the top and sometimes also the bottom of the card. A difference between the Portuguese and "Italo-Portuguese" patterns was that the Portuguese decks lacked rank 10 pip cards like the Spanish patterns, while "Italo-Portuguese" decks have them like northern Italian patterns. In 1769, the Real Fábrica de Cartas de Jogar was set up in Lisbon to manufacture cards. They made several graphical changes such as getting rid of indices and making the kings stand like their Spanish counterparts. When domestic production shut down around 1870, manufacture shifted abroad, mostly to Belgium and Germany where makers introduced further changes. The Portuguese spread their cards to Brazil and Java where they were also abandoned in favor of the French deck. Portuguese decks also started the development of karuta in Japan (karuta comes from Portuguese "carta") though most decks bear little resemblance to their ancestor. Games Games that traditionally use Spanish-suited cards include: Trick-taking: Aluette Botifarra Brisca, popular Spanish game, similar to Italian Briscola Julepe Manilla Ombre, the classic game that introduced the concept of bidding Pocha or Mona, a variation of Oh Hell Triunfo, ancestor of Ombre Truc (or truco) Tute Fishing: Cuarenta, the national card game of Ecuador Escoba Ronda, from Morocco Draw-and-discard: Chinchón Conquian, earliest Western rummy game Cuajo, Filipino adaptation of the Four Color Cards game using a deck of 112 cards Other: Burro, an inflation game Cinquillo, a layout game Mus, a very popular and highly regarded vying game Siete y media, very similar to