natural justice and with regard to the Human Rights Act 1998 (Articles 1, 6 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights are likely to be engaged). It has been suggested that councillors should not be involved in any way in decisions on premises in their ward, and the Standards Board for England has advised that only councillors who are members of the committee should have any role in considering applications. The Licensing Act sets out four licensing objectives of no preferential order which must be taken into account and adhered to: The prevention of crime and disorder, public safety, prevention of public nuisance, and the protection of children from harm In Scotland there is a fifth licensing objective: protecting and improving public health. Licensable activities The act defines "licensable activities" as: The retail sale of alcohol, the supply of alcohol in clubs, the provision of late night refreshment, and the provision of regulated entertainment In turn, "regulated entertainment" is defined as: A performance of a play, an exhibition of a film, an indoor sporting event, a boxing or wrestling entertainment (both indoors and outdoors), a performance of live music, any playing of recorded music, or a performance of dance in the presence of an audience (which may be just one person). There are exceptions (e.g., Morris dancing and similar) and refinements (e.g., karaoke is considered to be music). "Late night refreshment" is defined as the supply of hot food or drink (i.e., food or drink that is either served at, or has been heated on the premises to, a point above ambient temperature) to the public for consumption, both on or off the premises, between 23:00 and 05:00. Premises licences A premises licence is required for any premises offering licensable activities. Once a licence is granted, it is valid until it is either surrendered or lapses in accordance with the act, in contrast to previous schemes, where the licence generally had to be renewed annually. The application for a premises licence requires the completion of an operating schedule, and the offering of conditions to be included on the premises licence and a plan of the premises. A premises licence that includes the sale of alcohol must name an individual who holds a personal licence granted under the act. This person is known as the designated premises supervisor (DPS) and must sign a consent form agreeing to being named