words. Varieties that feature linking R but not intrusive R (that is, tuna oil is pronounced ), show a clear phonemic distinction between words with and without in the syllable coda. Margaret Thatcher was nicknamed "Laura Norder" because of her references during her period of office to "law and order" with an intrusive /r/. Prevalence A 2006 study at the University of Bergen examined the pronunciation of 30 British newsreaders on nationally broadcast newscasts around the turn of the 21st century speaking what was judged to be "mainstream RP". The data used in the study consisted mostly of the newsreaders reading from prepared scripts, but also included some more informal interview segments. It was found that all the newsreaders used some linking R and 90% (27 of 30) used some intrusive R. Overall, linking R was used in 59.8% of possible sites and intrusive R was used in 32.6% of possible sites. The factors influencing the use of both linking and intrusive R were found to be the same. Factors favouring the use of R-sandhi included adjacency to short words; adjacency to grammatical or non-lexical words; and informal style (interview rather than a prepared script). Factors disfavouring the use of R-sandhi included adjacency to proper names; occurrence immediately before a stressed syllable; the presence of another /r/ in the vicinity; and more formal style (prepared script rather than interview). The following factors were proposed as accounting for the difference between the frequency of linking and intrusive R: overt stigmatization of intrusive R the speakers being professional newsreaders and thus, presumably, speech-conscious professionals the speakers (in most cases) reading from a written script, making the orthographic distinction between linking and intrusive R extremely salient the disparity between the large number of short, grammatical words that end in possible linking R (e.g. "for", "or", "are", etc.) and the absence of such words that end in possible intrusive R. See also Diaeresis (diacritic) Hiatus (linguistics) Pausa Liaison (French) Sandhi R-colored vowel Movable nu Notes References Bibliography Further reading External links A century of "intrusive" R in English — video by the British linguist Geoff Lindsey The Intrusive /r/ and Linking /r/ - British English Pronunciation & Connected Speech English phonology Phonetics Phonotactics