Irene (/aɪˈriːniː/ eye-ree-nee) is a small village on the eastern outskirts of Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa. Prehistoric inhabitants Though they left no historical writings of their own, records from other sources in the early 19th century refer to the Bakwena tribe, also known as the Crocodile people, who lived in the area. When Mzilikazi (whose people became known as the Matabele) came to the area in 1825, they killed many of the Crocodile people and drove the rest away. European settlement In the 1830s, a Boer Voortrekker named Daniel Elardus Erasmus left the Cape Colony and settled in the area near present-day Irene. Seeking economic and political independence in the hinterland, Erasmus built a farm that became known as Doornkloof. Doornkloof became known as the "kerkplaas" of the district. When Daniel died in 1875 he left the farm to his three sons. In 1889 a controlling interest (2/3) of Doornkloof was purchased by Alois Hugo Nellmapius, a businessman. Nellmapius had previously established a transport business between Lourenço Marques and Pilgrim's Rest, as well as several industrial concerns (a gin and whisky factory, South Africa's first gunpowder factory, and the Irene lime works). Nellmapius renamed the farm Irene Estate, after his daughter Irene Violet Nellmapius. Irene is derived from the Greek word meaning peace. She used to pronounce her name with three syllables: Ireenee, it is still pronounced like this today. Nellmapius often entertained at the Irene Estate in a grand style; a frequent guest was Transvaal president, Paul Kruger. Nellmapius employed experts on his farm, including a Mr. Fuchs, who laid out the farmhouse gardens. Another of the authorities consulted by Nellmapius was Sir Arnold Theiler, the founder of Onderstepoort Research and Veterinary College. Irene Irene was first proclaimed a township in 1902 by Johannes Albertus van der Byl (better known as Bertie), who had bought the Irene Estate in 1895. Bertie was first in the line of the Irene-born van der Byls that continues to this day, and who are now in their fifth generation. The family has been responsible for building up the herd of dairy cows on the farm, as well as planting many hundreds of trees, something they began long before the current level of environmental consciousness. In 1908, General Jan Christiaan Smuts—needing a home for his growing family—bought a third of the original Doornkloof farm. He paid £300 for the wood and iron building which