the 1960s, the PMSD was opposed to the concept of an independent Mauritius. Led by Gaëtan Duval in 1967 it waged an electoral campaign against its main rival, the Independence Party (Labour-IFB-CAM) which featured divisive slogans such as "Malbar Nou Pas Oulé" which translates into "We do not want Hindus". Following its electoral defeat in 1967, it nevertheless joined the Labour Party to form a unified government in 1971 and again in 1976. In 1982 the Labour-PMSD alliance suffered a major electoral defeat. From 1983 to 1990, it supported the MSM-led government. In 1991, PMSD formed an alliance with the Labour Party once again but they lost the 1991 elections. Due to infighting in the 1990s both Xavier Luc Duval and his father Gaëtan Duval had left the PMSD to form their own parties. In 2000 the PMSD returned as a minor partner in the MSM-MMM government with Maurice Allet as leader. In 2005 Allet stepped down to make way for Xavier Luc Duval as leader of the PMSD following dissolution of Xavier's short-lived break away party Parti Mauricien Xavier Duval (PMXD). Although since 1983 PMSD had become a minor political party (having generally not more than 4 Members of Parliament), it managed to have 11 Members of Parliament elected at the 2014 elections. PMSD continues to play an active role in the politics of dependency Rodrigues. Mouvement Militant Mauricien (MMM) was formed in 1969 by Paul Berenger, Dev Virahsawmy, Zeel Peerun, Jooneed Jeeroburkhan, Fareed Muttur, Chafeekh Jeeroburkhan, Sushil Kushiram, Tirat Ramkissoon, Krishen Mati, Ah-Ken Wong, Kriti Goburdhun, Allen Sew Kwan Kan, Vela Vengaroo, and Amedee Darga as a student activist movement and is still led by the same man. Berenger collaborated with trade unions such as GWF to fight for the rights of workers to obtain fairer compensation & salary. As a trade unionist, he was the mastermind of a series of strikes in the 1970s against political injustice and government domination. Most prominent figures of the MMM (such as Ramesh Fulena, Berenger, and others) spent most of 1972 in the secret police's jail of Line Barracks for organising illegal gathering during which he also made public speech. The first ever elected member of the MMM was Dev Virahsawmy following by-elections triggered by the death in 1970 of Lall Jugnauth who had been elected member of parliament under the banner of now defunct party Independent Forward Block (IFB). Ramgoolam