The Thebaid or Thebais (, Thēbaïs) was a region in ancient Egypt, comprising the 13 southernmost nomes of Upper Egypt, from Abydos to Aswan. Pharaonic history The Thebaid acquired its name from its proximity to the ancient Egyptian capital of Thebes (Luxor). During the Ancient Egyptian dynasties this region was dominated by Thebes and its priesthood at the temple of Amun at Karnak. In Ptolemaic Egypt, the Thebaid formed a single administrative district under the Epistrategos of Thebes, who was also responsible for overseeing navigation in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The capital of Ptolemaic Thebaid was Ptolemais Hermiou, a Hellenistic colony on the Nile which served as the center of royal political and economic control in Upper Egypt. Roman province(s) During the Roman Empire, Diocletian created the province of Thebais, guarded by the legions I Maximiana Thebanorum and II Flavia Constantia. This was later divided into Upper (, , Anō Thēbaïs), comprising the southern half with its capital at Thebes, and Lower or Nearer (, , Thēbaïs Engistē), comprising the northern half with capital at Ptolemais. Around the 5th century, since it was a desert, the Thebaid became a place of retreat of a number of Christian hermits, and was the birthplace of Pachomius. In Christian art, the Thebaid was represented as a place with numerous monks. Episcopal sees Ancient episcopal sees of Thebais Prima (Thebaid I) listed in the Annuario Pontificio as Catholic titular sees: Antaeopolis (Tjebu) Antinoöpolis, the Metropolitan Archbishopric Apollonopolis Parva (Côm-Esfaht, now Qus) Cusae Hermopolis Magna = Maior Hypselis (Chutb = Shutb) Oasis Magna (Kharga Oasis) Panopolis (Akhmim) Ancient episcopal sees of Thebais Secunda (Thebaid II) listed in the Annuario Pontificio as Catholic titular sees: See also List of Catholic dioceses in Egypt References Sources and external links GCatholic - (Current, Titular and) Defunct sees in Egypt Roman provinces in Africa Roman Egypt Byzantine Egypt Geography of ancient Egypt Late Roman provinces 293 establishments 290s establishments in the Roman Empire 3rd-century establishments in Egypt 290s 640s disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire 641 disestablishments 7th-century disestablishments in Egypt 640s disestablishments