The Toyota MZ engine family is a piston V6 engine series. The MZ series has an aluminium engine block and aluminium alloy DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron, and is of a closed deck design (no open space between the bores). The engine is a 60 degree V6 design. It uses multi-port fuel injection (MFI), four valves per cylinder, a one-piece cast camshaft and a cast aluminium intake manifold. The MZ family is a lightweight V6 engine of an all-aluminium design, using lighter weight parts than the heavier duty VZ block engines in an effort to lower production costs, decrease engine weight, and decrease reciprocating weight without sacrificing reliability. Toyota sought to enhance the drivability pattern of the engine (over the 3VZ) at exactly 3000 rpm, since that was the typical engine speed for motors cruising on the highway. The result was less cylinder distortion coupled with the decreased weight of rotating assemblies, smoother operation at that engine speed, and increased engine efficiency. This engine has been phased out in most markets, replaced by variants of the new GR series. 1MZ-FE The 1MZ-FE is a dual overhead cam (DOHC) V6 engine. Bore and stroke is . Output is at 5200–5400 rpm with of torque at 4400 rpm. Horsepower ratings dropped after the Society of Automotive Engineers implemented a new power measurement system for vehicle engines, Toyota engines rated on 87 octane dropped the most, compared to the same engines used by Lexus rated on 91 octane. It has bucket tappets and was designed for good fuel economy of city and highway without an overall performance trade-off. These engines are prone to oil gelling. Another name for the issue was "engine sludge". There was a class action lawsuit due to this problem. It is very important to the life of these engines that oil changes are done on a regular basis. The 1MZ-FE was on Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1996. Applications: 1993–2002 Toyota Camry (V6) 1993–2003 Lexus ES 300 & Toyota Windom (Japanese domestic market) 1994–2004 Toyota Avalon & 2000 Toyota Pronard (Avalon for Japanese domestic market) 1997-2003 Toyota Harrier (non-US markets) 1997–2002 Toyota Sienna 1997–2001 Toyota Mark II Wagon (Japanese domestic market) 1998–2003 Toyota Solara (V6) 2000–2005 Toyota Estima/Toyota Tarago/Toyota Previa Toyota Racing Development offered a bolt-on TRD supercharger kit for the MY1997–2000 Camry, MY1998–2000 Sienna and MY1999–2000 Solara. Power output was bumped to