will inevitably produce power concentrations around those with advanced technological training, namely the technocrats. Forty years after the publication of Gunnell's writings, technology and government have become, for better or for worse, increasingly intertwined. Facebook can be considered a technocratic microcosm, a "technocratic nation-state" with a cyberspatial population that surpasses any terrestrial nation. In a broader sense, critics fear that the rise of social media networks (e.g. Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest), coupled with the "decline in mainstream engagement", imperil the "networked young citizen" to inconspicuous coercion and indoctrination by algorithmic mechanisms, and, less insidiously, to the persuasion of particular candidates based predominantly on "Social Media engagement". In a 2022 article published in Boston Review, political scientist Matthew Cole highlights two problems with technocracy: that it creates "unjust concentrations of power" and relies on a "flawed theory of knowledge." With respect to the first point, Cole argues that technocracy excludes citizens from policy-making processes while advantaging elites. With respect to the second, he argues that the value of expertise is overestimated in technocratic systems, and points to an alternative concept of "smart democracy" which enlists the knowledge of ordinary citizens. See also Bright green environmentalism Continentalism Cyberocracy, a hypothetical form of government that rules by the effective use of information Groupe X-Crise, formed by French former students of the Ecole Polytechnique engineer school in the 1930s Imperial examination, an examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best administrative officials for the state's bureaucracy Positivism Post-politics Post-scarcity economy Project Cybersyn Redressement Français, a French technocratic movement founded by Ernest Mercier in 1925 Scientism Scientocracy, the practice of basing public policies on science Techno-populism Thermoeconomics Player Piano, Kurt Vonnegut's speculative fiction novel describing a technocratic society The Revolt of the Masses, a book by José Ortega y Gasset containing a critique of technocracy Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt, a book by Nobel prize-winning chemist Frederick Soddy on monetary policy and society and the role of energy in economic systems References External links William Henry Smyth, Technocracy Parts I-IV., Working Explosively, A Protest Against Mechanistic Efficiency. Working Explosively Versus Working Efficiently. at archive.org William Henry Smyth, Technocracy Part I., Human Instincts in Reconstruction: An Analysis of Urges and Suggestions for Their Direction., William Henry Smyth, Technocracy Part II., National Industrial Management: Practical Suggestions for National Reconstruction., William Henry Smyth, Technocracy Part III., "Technocracy" - Ways and Means To Gain Industrial Democracy., William