was started under his administration, but federal funding was scarce. The system was later expanded to include the Hoan Bridge, which was completed in 1972 but not opened to the public until 1977. Today, Hoan is remembered as one of the best mayors in Milwaukee's history. A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the University of Illinois at Chicago saw Hoan ranked as the eighth-best American big-city mayor to serve between the years 1820 and 1993. In 1999, Holli wrote, "Although this self-identified socialist had difficulty pushing progressive legislation through a nonpartisan city council, he experimented with the municipal marketing of food, backed city-built housing, and in providing public markets, city harbor improvements, and purging graft from Milwaukee politics. Perhaps Hoan's most important legacy was cleaning up the free-and-easy corruption that prevailed before he took office." Death Hoan died on June 11, 1961, at 80 years old, from a heart ailment, in Milwaukee. Legacy The Hoan papers reside with the Milwaukee County Historical Society, Milwaukee. The Hoan Bridge on Milwaukee's lakefront is the most visible monument that bears his name. See also List of elected socialist mayors in the United States List of mayors of Milwaukee Sewer socialism Emil Seidel Frank P. Zeidler Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin Works The Failure of Regulation. Chicago: Socialist Party of the United States, 1914. Lincoln, the Commoner: Helped in Fight for Education for Workers. Saginaw, MI: Saginaw County Socialist Party, n.d. [192-]. Socialism and the City: How to Remove Chaos and Put Order and Beauty into American Cities. Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius Publications, 1931. Taxes and Tax Dodgers. Chicago: Committee on Education and Research, Socialist Party of America, 1933. Abraham Lincoln: A Real American. Chicago: Socialist Party of the US, n.d. [c. 1936]. City Government: The record of the Milwaukee Experiment. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1936. Why a Farmer-Labor Progressive Federation? : Address Delivered to the Convention on Saturday, May 21, 1938, at Madison. Milwaukee: The Federation, 1938. Dollars vs. The People. Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Central Campaign Committee, n.d. [1940]. The St. Lawrence Seaway: Navigation Aspects. n.c.: Great Lakes Harbors Association n.d, [1948?]. References Further reading Benoit, Edward A., A Democracy of Its Own: Milwaukee's Socialisms, Difference and Pragmatism. MA thesis. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2009. Kerstein, Edward S. Milwaukee's All-American Mayor: Portrait of Daniel Webster Hoan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Reinders, Robert C.