governor of wem is geholfen, the head of wem is taken to be the finite verb denkst 'think'. In other words, when a discontinuity occurs, one assumes that the governor and the head (of the relevant word) are distinct, otherwise they are the same word. Exactly how the terms head and governor are used can depend on the particular theory of syntax that is employed. See also Agreement (linguistics) C-command Case government Collocation Dependency grammar M-command Phrase structure grammar Notes References Allerton, D. 1979. Essentials of grammatical theory. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Aoun, J. and D. Sportiche 1983. On the formal theory of government. Linguistic Review 2, 211–236. Burton-Roberts, N. 1986. Analysing sentences: An introduction to English syntax. London: Longman. Chomsky, N. 1986. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Engel, U. 1994. Syntax der deutschen Gegenwartssprache, 3rd revised edition. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. Groß, T. and T. Osborne 2009. Toward a practical dependency grammar theory of discontinuities. SKY Journal of Linguistics 22, 43–90. Harris, C. L. and Bates, E. A. 2002. Clausal backgrounding and pronominal reference: A functionalist approach to c-command. Language and Cognitive Processes 17, 3, 237–269. Jung, W.-Y. 1995. Syntaktische Relationen im Rahmen der Dependenzgrammatik. Hamburg: Buske. Lockwood, D. 2002. Syntactic analysis and description: A constructional approach. London: continuum. Ouhalla, J. 1994. Transformational grammar: From rules to principles and parameters. London: Edward Arnold. Reinhart, T. 1976. The syntactic domain of anaphora. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. (Available online at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/16400). Starosta, S. 1988. The case for Lexicase: An outline of Lexicase grammatical theory. New York: Pinter Publishers. Tesnière, L. 1959. Éléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck. van Riemsdijk, H. and E. Williams. 1986. Introduction to the theory of grammar. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Wardbaugh, R. 2003. Understanding English grammar, second edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Generative syntax Syntactic relationships Syntax