The Sunda Arc is a volcanic arc that produced the volcanoes that form the topographic spine of the islands of Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, and Java, the Sunda Strait and the Lesser Sunda Islands. The Sunda Arc begins at Sumatra and ends at Flores, and is adjacent to the Banda Arc. The Sunda Arc is formed via the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Sunda and Burma plates at a velocity of 63–70 mm/year. Formation and geologic setting Mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB) form most of the oceanic basin south of Sunda, according to geodynamic studies. These plates began to converge in the Early Miocene. The Indo-Australian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate with the dip angle of 49-56 degrees. The slab subducting under Java is continuous down to the lower mantle. However, the slab appears to beak apart under Sumatra Island. Earthquake depth records indicate that there is no deep seismic activity in Sumatra, likely due to the age of the subducting complex.. Two types of subductions have been identified along the Sunda Arc: 1) orthogonal subduction along Java and 2) oblique subduction on the Sumatra side. These subductions are separated by the Sunda Strait. Notable seismic events With the ongoing magmatic activities and the nature of the subduction zone, Sunda Arc experiences major seismic events throughout history. These events cost the loss of lives and vast destruction along the coast. These are some major seismic events that have been recorded. Tsunami on December 2004, Indian Ocean In 2004, the tsunami in Indian Ocean was triggered by an earthquake of 9.15 magnitude near Sumatra Island. In Banda Aceh area, the tsunami height reached up to 35 meters, which surpassed value recorded prior to this event. Tsunami on July 2006, West Java and Central Java, Indonesia A devastating event occurred on July 17, 2006, with major destruction along West Java and Central Java. The Mw-7.7 earthquake-induced tsunami struck over 250 km of the coastline and cost more than 600 deaths. The approximate run-up height was about 4–6 meters. Historic eruptions and arc volcanism The Sunda Arc is home to some of the world's most dangerous and explosive volcanoes. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa and the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas on Lombok were among the largest in the last two millennia, ranking 7 on the VEI scale. The Sunda Arc subduction zone was also the site of