The culture of Jersey is the culture of the Bailiwick of Jersey. Jersey has a mixed Franco-British culture, however modern Jersey is culture is very dominated by British cultural influences and has also been influenced by immigrant communities such as the Bretons and the Portuguese (mainly from Madeira). Jersey's culture is strongly influenced by its distinct political culture, such as having its own currency and postal service, and its important industries such as agriculture and finance. Languages Jersey is predominantly English-speaking, with English forming the main cultural and official language of Jersey people and government. However, French remains a co-official language, due to its historic use as the language of civil affairs in the island. Due to immigration, many islanders' first language is now Portuguese. Jèrriais, the island's Norman language, is spoken by a minority of the population, although it was the majority language in the 19th century. Among those who still speak the language one can identify the parish of origin of a speaker by differences in phonology and lexis. There has recently been a push, especially from the Government of Jersey, to keep Jèrriais as a living language. This includes Jèrriais lessons at all Government primary schools. Most common places names in Jersey are in Jèrriais (such as La Ville-ès-Renauds), though some have been gallicised (e.g. Les Quennevais) and most pronunciations have been anglicised. The notable exception is all the parishes and their, which are usually in English (though French and Jèrriais forms exist). Roads names are in French or Jèrriais, except in the town area and some other new developments around the island. Literature Literature in Jersey may be divided into: Literature in Jèrriais, Francophone literature, and Jersey literature in English. The literary tradition in Jersey is traced back to Wace, the 12th-century Jersey-born poet. William Prynne wrote poetry while imprisoned in Jersey, but little indigenous literature survives from before the 18th century. Printing only arrived in Jersey in the 1780s, but the island supported a multitude of regular publications in French (and Jèrriais) and English throughout the 19th century, in which poetry, most usually topical and satirical, flourished. The first printed Jèrriais appears in the first newspapers at the end of the 18th century. The earliest identified dated example of printed poetry in Jèrriais is a fragment by Matchi L'Gé (Matthew Le Geyt 1777–1849), dated 1795. The first printed anthology of Jèrriais poetry, Rimes Jersiaises, was