and 2022, the Harvard College Undergraduate Council and the Harvard Graduate Council each passed bills in support of the removal of the words “in Extension Studies” from degrees awarded by the Harvard Extension School. Deans There have been seven deans in the school's history: James Hardy Ropes, Chairman of Commission on Extension Courses, Dean of University Extension, 1910–1922 Arthur F. Whittem, Chairman of Commission on Extension Courses, Director of University Extension, 1922–1946 George W. Adams, Chairman of Commission on Extension Courses, Director of University Extension, 1946–1949 Reginald H. Phelps, Chairman of Commission on Extension Courses, Director of University Extension, 1949–1975 Michael Shinagel, Director of Continuing Education and University Extension, 1975–1977, and Dean of Continuing Education and University Extension, 1977–2013 Huntington D. Lambert, Dean of Continuing Education and University Extension, 2013–2019 Nancy Coleman, Dean of the Division of Continuing Education, 2020–present Academics Part of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Extension School offers more than 900 on-campus and online courses, most of which have open enrollment. The number of courses offered has continuously grown over the school's history. Students may enroll full or part-time, and classes may be taken on campus, via distance-learning, or both. In order to earn an academic degree, students must complete a minimum number of on-campus-only credits at Harvard. Non-degree students have access to the Harvard Library, including electronic resources and select computer facilities. Those registered for a course at the Extension School may also access writing tutorials at the Writing Center as well as assistance with math and related courses at the Math Question Center. Career services and academic advising are offered through the school's Career and Academic Resource Center. Ropes, the school's first dean, said that "our aim will be to give the young people of Boston who have heretofore been prevented from securing a college education the same instruction they would receive were they undergraduates at Harvard." The Harvard Undergraduate Council found in a 2020 study of Extension courses that 156 were identical or nearly identical to courses at Harvard College and 95 were equivalent or similar, while 344 were unique to the Extension School. A New York Times guidebook stated that professors said some courses were "virtually identical." Courses at the college were $5,966.25 each in 2020, and courses at the Extension School were 69% less at $1,840. A number of on-campus Harvard courses are recorded and offered to Extension students