The Toyota T series is a family of inline-4 automobile engines manufactured by Toyota beginning in 1970 and ending in 1985. It started as a pushrod overhead valve (OHV) design and later performance oriented twin cam (DOHC) variants were added to the lineup. Toyota had built its solid reputation on the reliability of these engines. The 4T-GTE variant of this engine allowed Toyota to compete in the World Rally Championship in the early 1980s, making it the first Japanese manufacturer to do so. Race engines based on the 2T-G include the 100E and 151E. All T engines utilize a timing chain and have a cast iron block with an alloy cylinder head with hardened valve seats and a hemispherical combustion chamber design (HEMI). All T engines are carburetted except those with electronic fuel injection, "E" designation. All T engines use a 2 valve OHV design except those with a DOHC performance head, "G" designation. The 12T/13T has a sub-cylinder directly behind the spark plug that leads into a smaller chamber for emission purposes. Features overview T The first T engine displaced and was produced from 1970 through 1979. Cylinder bore and stroke is . Output is at 6,000 rpm and at 3,800 rpm. The more-powerful twin-carburetor T-B was produced for the first six years, as well as the single carb T-D which had a somewhat higher compression ratio for . From 1977 there was also a T-J, a version with some simple emissions equipment intended for Japanese market commercial vehicles. With an 8.5:1 compression ratio, this produces at 6,000 rpm and at 3,800 rpm. The T-U also appeared in 1977 with even stricter emission equipment for Japanese market non-commercial vehicles. Applications: 1970–1977 Toyota Carina TA10/15/16V (first generation) 1977–1979 Toyota Carina Van TA16V (second generation, T-J) Toyota Celica TA20 Toyota Corolla TE20/25 Toyota Corolla TE30/35/50 Toyota Sprinter TE40/50 2T The larger 2T was produced from 1970 through 1984. Cylinder bore and stroke is . The 2T engines are usually coupled with either a T40 4 speed/T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed automatic transmission. Output for the early 2T-C bigport design is which is also due to different SAE testing methods, while the later version is at 5200 rpm and at 3800 rpm, compression at 9.0:1. The twin-carb 2T-B produces and . The 2T-J, for commercial vehicles with less restrictive emissions standards, produces at 6000 rpm and at