the charges were dropped. The Santa Clara County grand jury met the following year, but despite literally thousands of witnesses, scores of reporters, and hundreds of photographs, they found that no witnesses could identify anyone from the lynching, so no charges were filed. Public criticism In the aftermath of the lynching, Governor Rolph was publicly condemned for advocating "lynch law" by former President Herbert Hoover, then at Stanford University in Palo Alto. Rolph replied, "If troops had been called out, hundreds of innocent citizens might have been mowed down." Rolph accused Hoover of calling out the United States Army against the "Bonus Marchers" in 1932. The exchange continued. President Franklin D. Roosevelt also condemned the lynching as "collective murder" in a nationwide radio address. Civil suits Holmes' parents sued Governor Rolph for his role in the lynching of their son, along with radio station KQW and several other persons, but the suit was dropped when the governor died of a heart attack in 1934. Holmes's widow sued Sheriff Emig and several deputies, citing their carelessness and negligence in failing to protect him. Thurmond's family took no action on his behalf and reportedly never again spoke about the matter amongst themselves. Family Brooke Hart had three sisters Jeanette, Miriam, and Aleese and a brother, Alexander Joseph Jr. Alex J. Hart sold the chain of stores in 1976. Modern coverage In 1983, Harry Farrell, a columnist for the San Jose Mercury News, wrote about the lynching in a two-part series. After he retired, he followed up with a book on the same subject, Swift Justice, published in 1992. Swift Justice was praised by Walter Cronkite and won an Edgar Award in 1993. in his 2007 book Jury Rigging in the Court of Public Opinion, the author John D. Murphy criticized Farrell's approach, noting that by accepting the confessions as the baseline truth and hewing to the "conventional" history that led to mob justice, Farrell had invented conversations and created motivations that were impossible to corroborate and glossed over inconsistencies. Murphy pointed out the later phone calls placed to make ransom demands came from payphones physically close together, culminating in the arrest of Thurmond at a payphone only from the San Jose Police station. Murphy went on to write and produce a movie, Valley of the Heart's Delight, regarding the 1933 case. In popular media At least four films have been made loosely