Venera 14 called Venus 14) in english was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13 spacecraft, built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity. Venera 14 was launched on 4 November 1981 at 05:31:00 UTC, five days after Venera 13 launched on 30 October 1981 at 06:04:00 UTC. Both had an on-orbit dry mass of . Design Each mission consisted of a cruise stage and an attached descent craft. Cruise stage As the cruise stage flew by Venus, the bus acted as a data relay for the lander before continuing on to a heliocentric orbit. Venera 14 was equipped with a gamma-ray spectrometer, UV grating monochromator, electron and proton spectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasma detectors, and two-frequency transmitters which made measurements before, during, and after the Venus flyby. Descent lander The descent lander was a hermetically sealed pressure vessel that contained most of the instrumentation and electronics. The lander was mounted on a ring-shaped landing platform and topped by an antenna. Designed similar to the earlier Venera 9–12 landers, the Venera 14 lander carried instruments to take chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor the spectrum of scattered sunlight, and record electric discharges during its descent phase through the Venusian atmosphere. The spacecraft used a camera system, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a screw drill and surface sampler, a dynamic penetrometer, and a seismometer to conduct investigations on the surface. The list of lander experiments and instruments include: Accelerometer, Impact analysis – Bison-M Thermometers, Barometers – ITD Spectrometer / Directional Photometer – IOAV-2 Ultraviolet Photometer Mass spectrometer – MKh-6411 Penetrometer / Soil ohmmeter – PrOP-V Chemical Redox indicator – Kontrast 2 color telephotometer cameras – TFZL-077 Gas chromatograph – Sigma-2 Radio / Microphone / Seismometer – Groza-2 Nephelometer – MNV-78-2 Hydrometer – VM-3R X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (Aerosol) – BDRA-1V X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (Soil) – Arakhis-2 Soil Drilling Apparatus – GZU VB-02 Stabilized Oscillator / Doppler Radio Small solar batteries – MSB Landing Venera 14 landed at , about southwest of Venera 13, near the eastern flank of Phoebe Regio on a basaltic plain. After launch and following a four-month cruise to Venus, the descent vehicle separated from the bus and plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on 5 March 1982. A parachute deployed after the lander entered the atmosphere. The parachute released once the lander reached an