were inconsistent with the Roman Catholic faith, while insisting that the truth of Christian revelation and of the Catholic church should first be tested by reason, and that revelation should then be followed. He argued that faith is a response to irresistible evidence, and therefore, not free. After his death, the contests between his followers and their opponents grew so bitter that the dispute was referred to the Papal See. The judgment was negative; on 25 September 1835 a papal bull condemned both parts of the Einleitung and the first volume of the Dogmatik. Two months later, the remaining volumes of the Dogmatik were likewise condemned. The controversy did not cease. In 1845, a systematic attempt was made anonymously by FX Werner to examine and refute the Hermesian doctrines, as contrasted with the orthodox Catholic faith (Der Hermesianismus, 1845). In 1847, the condemnation of 1835 was confirmed by Pius IX. References Sources Karl Werner (1866). Geschichte der katholischen Theologie. pp. 405 sqq. Herman H. Schwedt (1980). Das Römische Urteil über Georg Hermes (1775-1831). Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Inquisition im 19. Jahrhundert. Herder: Rome 1775 births 1831 deaths People from Hörstel 19th-century German Catholic theologians Academic staff of the University of Bonn Academic staff of the University of Münster German Roman Catholics 19th-century German male writers German male non-fiction writers