study of the history of Bavaria, especially by bringing fresh material from the archives to bear upon it. He also kept up his activity as a publicist, in 1814 defending in a detailed and somewhat biassed pamphlet the policy of the minister Montgelas, and he undertook critical studies in the history of the Jesuits. In 1817 Lang retired from active life, and until his death in 1835, lived chiefly in Ansbach. Lang is best known through his Memoiren, which were published in Brunswick in two parts in 1842, and were republished in 1881 in a second edition. They contain much of interest for the history of the period, but have to be used with the greatest caution on account of their pronounced tendency to satire. Lang's character, as can be gathered especially from a consideration of his behaviour at Munich, is darkened by many shadows. He did not scruple, for instance, to strike out of the lists of witnesses to medieval charters, before publishing them, the names of families which he disliked. Selected works Of his numerous literary productions the following may be mentioned: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der natürlichen und politischen Verfassung des oettingischen Vaterlandes (1786) Ein Votum über den Wucher von einem Manne sine voto (1791) Historische Entwicklung der deutschen Steuerverfassungen (1793) Historische Prüfung des vermeintlichen Alters der deutschen Landstände (1796) Neuere Geschichte des Fürstentums Bayreuth (1486–1603) (1798–1811) Tabellen uber Flächeninhalt &c. und bevorstehende Verluste der deutschen Reichsstände. (On the occasion of the congress of Rastadt, 1798) Der Minister Graf von Montgelas (1814) Geschichte der Jesuiten in Bayern (1819) Bayerns Gauen (Nuremberg, 1830) Notes References Attribution: 1764 births 1835 deaths People from Donau-Ries 19th-century German historians Politicians from Bavaria German male non-fiction writers