again conditions in the camps, he was transferred in summer 1970 to Vladimir Prison. Ginzburg was released when his five year prison term ended, on 22 January 1972, and was allowed to settle in Tarusa, 50 miles south of Moscow. He was a friend of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, with whom he initiated the Fund for the Aid of Political Prisoners. Based on the royalties derived from Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago, it distributed funds and material support to political and religious prisoners across the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Ginzburg had power of attorney over the fund after Solzhenitsyn's expulsion from the USSR in February 1974, but in April, he was placed under police surveillance and forbidden to leave the district of Talusa where he lived, even to walk as far as the local cinema, and was forbidden to leave the house after 8.00pm. In 1976, Ginzburg became a founding member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, which monitored breaches of the human rights guarantees the Soviet government signed up to in the 1975 Helsinki accords. Ginzburg was given the task of monitoring the State's persecution of the smaller Christian denominations, for which he was, again, arrested in 1978 and sentenced to an eight-year prison term. In April 1979, he was with four other dissidents deprived of his citizenship and exchanged for two Soviets who had been jailed for espionage. Throughout his career, Ginzburg advocated nonviolent resistance. He believed in exposing human rights abuses by the Soviet Union and pressuring the government to follow its own laws. He made an effort to smuggle his writings abroad in order to increase external pressure on the Soviets. References Further reading Frontpage Mag: Remembering Alexander Ginzburg Bibliography The White Book The Trial of the Four 1936 births 2002 deaths Journalists from Moscow Russian male poets Moscow Helsinki Group Soviet dissidents Soviet Jews Soviet human rights activists Soviet expellees Soviet emigrants to the United States 20th-century Russian poets Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery Soviet emigrants to France 20th-century Russian male writers 20th-century Russian journalists Jewish Russian writers Dubravlag detainees