The following is a partial timeline of the history of golf. 1851–1860 1851 The Prestwick Golf Club is founded. 1856 Pau Golf Club is founded, the first in continental Europe. A rule change is enacted that, in match play, the ball must be played as it lies or the hole be conceded. It is the last recorded toughening of the rules structure. 1857 The Golfer's Manual, by "A Keen Hand" (H. B. Farnie), is published. It is the first book on golf instruction. The Prestwick Club institutes the first Championship Meeting, a foursomes competition at St Andrews attended by eleven golf clubs. George Glennie and J.C. Stewart win for Blackheath. 1858 The Royal Curragh Golf Club is founded at Kildare, the oldest golf club in Ireland. The format of the Championship Meeting is changed to individual match play and is won by Robert Chambers of Bruntsfield. Allan Robertson becomes the first golfer to break 80 at the Old Course, recording a 79. The King James VI Golf Club is founded in Perth, Scotland. 1859 The first Amateur Championship is won by George Condie of Perth. Death of Allan Robertson, the first great professional golfer. 1860–1870 1860 The Prestwick Club institutes a Professional Championship played at Prestwick; the first Championship Belt is won by Willie Park, Snr. 1861 The Professionals Championship is opened to amateurs, and The Open Championship is born. The first competition is won by Old Tom Morris. 1864 The North Devon Golf Club is founded at Westward Ho! 1865 The London Scottish Golf Club is founded on Wimbledon Common 1867 The Ladies' Golf Club at St. Andrews is founded, the first golf club for women. 1869 The Liverpool Golf Club is founded at Hoylake, later Royal Liverpool. Young Tom Morris, age 17, wins the first of four successive Open Championships. His streak would include an 11-stroke victory in 1869 and a 12-stroke victory in 1870 (in a 36-hole format). His 149 in the 1870 Open over 36 holes is a stroke average that would not be equalled until the invention of the rubber-cored ball. 1870–1880 1870 Young Tom Morris wins his third consecutive Open Championship, thus winning permanent possession of the Belt. The Royal Adelaide Golf Club is founded, the first golf club in Australia. 1871 The Forfar Golf Club is formed, Tom Morris Snr lays out the course. The Otago Golf Club is formed, the first club