features, which indicate A. afarensis is distinct from other species of Australopithecus: small cranial capacity, palate similar to African apes (parallel tooth rows, shallow, long from front to back, narrow from side to side), primitive occipital, basal cranium anatomy, high frequency of unicuspid third premolars, prognathic face, and primitive mandibular anatomy. Postcranially, the pelvis, knee, ankle, and foot indicate habitual, terrestrial bipedalism, but ape-like curved finger and foot bones are retained ancestral ape-like features. Fossil content Other specimens discovered from Hadar Formation contain a vast diversity of bovid species found in Africa. The bovids found in the formation included the Aepycerotini (Aepyceros), Alcelaphini (Damalborea and Parmularius), Antilopini (Gazella), Bovini (Ugandax and Pelorovis[?]), Caprini (Budorcas), Cephalophini, Hippotragini (Oryx), Neotragini (Raphicerus[?] and Madoqua), Reduncini (Kobus), and Tragelaphini (Tragelaphus). Artiodactyls outside the bovid family were present within the formation as well, namely the giraffids Giraffa and Sivatherium, Hippopotamus, and suids (Kolpochoerus, Notochoerus, and Nyanzachoerus). While a definitive list of carnivorans found within the Hadar Formation has yet to be compiled, confirmed genera that were found within the Hadar Formation include canids Canis and Nyctereutes, felids (Dinofelis, Leptailurus, Felis, Homotherium, and Panthera), hyaenids (Chasmaporthetes, Crocuta, Hyaena, and cf. Pliocrocuta), herpestids (Herpestes and cf. Helogale), mustelids (Mellivora, Enhydriodon, and cf. Poecilogale), and the viverrid cf. Civettictis. Mammals within the formation outside the artiodactyl and carnivoran families include a bat (indeterminate), the leporid Lepus, the equid Eurygnathohippus, rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium and Diceros), old world primates (Parapapio, Theropithecus, and Cercopithecoides), proboscideans (the deinothere Deinotherium and elephants Elephas, Loxodonta, and Mammuthus), old world porcupines Hystrix and Xenohystrix, murid rodents (Gerbilliscus, Acomys, Golunda, Oenomys, Praomys, Saidomys, Millardia, and Mus), the spalacid Tachyoryctes, a squirrel indet., and an aardvark species. Taxons within other classes are present within the Hadar Formation as well, such as birds (Plectropterus, Balearica, Anhinga, and Struthio) and reptiles (Crocodylus, Python, Varanus, and Bitis). Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Aepyceros datoadeni Beatragus sp. Damalops sp. Damalborea D. grayi D. elisabethae Gazella G. harmonae G. janenschi G. praethomsoni Hippotragini sp. Kobus oricornus Madoqua sp. Parmularius sp. Raphicerus sp. Tragelaphus T. lockwoodi T. rastafari Ugandax coryndonae Giraffidae Giraffa G. jumae G. stillei Sivatherium maurusium Suidae Hylochoerus euilus Kolpochoerus afarensis Nyanzachoerus N. kanamensis N. pattersoni Hippopotamidae Hexaprotodon protoamphibius Hippopotamus afarensis Carnivora Mustelidae Enhydriodon dikikae Mellivora sp. Poecilogale sp. Hyaenidae Chasmaporthetes sp. Crocuta dietrichi Pachycrocuta cf. perierri Felidae Dinofelis D. aronoki D. petteri Felis sp. Homotherium H. aethiopicus H. hadarensis Megantereon sp. Leptailurus sp.