verbs, with singular, dual, and plural forms. Some of these forms are suppletive. For example, 'To dwell', in the first person, with full suppletion (singular aat, dual asw, plural is): {| |áata-l|| ||asw|| ||ís-tílka |- |dwell()-1|| ||dwell()()|| ||dwell()-1 |- |'I dwell'|| ||'we two dwell'|| ||'we all dwell' |} (The angle braces, , separate the two parts of the root.) 'To smell' is non-suppletive hofn: {| |hófna-l|| ||hofn |- |smell-1|| ||smell() |- |'I smell'|| ||'we smell' |} 'To go about', partially suppletive ( aay, yomahl): {| |aaya-l|| ||aiy|| ||yomah-híl |- |go.about()-1|| ||go.about()()|| ||go.about()-1 |- |'I go about'|| ||'we two go about'|| ||'we-all go about' |} 'To run', partially suppletive ( waliik, tołk): {| |walíika-l|| ||tół-hílk |- |run()-1|| ||run()-1 |- |'I run'|| ||'we run' |} Verb grades Like other Muskogean languages, Koasati has verb grades, or an ablaut system in which morphological and phonemic changes (in this case infixation and nasalization) can be used to alter the meaning of verb. H-grade In Koasati, the h-grade is used to create a polite imperative as well as to indicate a sequence of actions. To form the imperative, h is inserted before the final syllable of the verb root. For example, the verb óntin "to come" (singular, dual subject) changes to the imperative ónhtįh "Come on over!" with the h-grade (in addition to the delayed imperative suffix marked by the vowel nasalization and final h). The use of h-grade to indicate sequence (in addition to the switch-reference marker -ok) can be seen below: With the sequence h-grade, the last verb in the sequence takes on temporal and aspectual affixes, while the preceding verbs take on the h-grade and the appropriate switch-reference marker. N-grade In Koasati, the n-grade is relatively uncommon but is used to add emphasis, roughly meaning "completely" or "to continue" depending on whether the verb used is a verb of state or description or a verb of action. To form the n-grade, the vowel of the verb root's penultimate syllable is nasalized and accented. For example: Reduplication Koasati has both punctual and iterative reduplication for verbs, in which part of the root is repeated to indicate that an action is repeated. With punctual reduplication, the verb's initial consonant and vowel (or consonant and o if no vowel is present) are copied and inserted before the final syllable of the root. For example, míslin "to blink" becomes mismíhlin "to flutter the eyelids". With iterative