Poland. Because of that, the language spoken in Warsaw became heavily influenced by other dialects of the Polish language. The only boroughs of Warsaw where the dialect was preserved to some extent were Praga and Wola. Since the 1960s the uniformisation of the language spoken throughout Poland under the influence of the mass media (such as the television and radio) lead to a rapid decline in speakers of all the dialects of Polish, the Warsaw dialect included. Among the notable artists who used the Warsaw dialect in their books, songs and poems are Hanka Bielicka, Wiktor Gomulicki, Stanisław Grzesiuk, Alina Janowska, Irena Kwiatkowska, Zygmunt Staszczyk, Stanisław Staszewski, Jarema Stępowski, Stefan Wiechecki and Stasiek Wielanek. The most extensive studies of the Warsaw dialect were carried out by Bronisław Wieczorkiewicz in his book Gwara warszawska wczoraj i dziś (The Warsaw Dialect Yesterday and Today). Sub-dialects As mentioned above, the Warsaw dialect was further divided onto several sub-dialects. Those included: Sub-dialects of different boroughs – for instance the language of Praga, Wola, Powiśle Professional sub-dialects – for instance the language of cabmen, shopkeepers, printers or policemen Sub-dialects of criminals – a regional version of grypsera Jewish sub-dialect – a regional version of the Yiddish language, largely influenced by the Polish language All of the above sub-dialects were constantly mixing with each other and the lexical basis of most of them was similar. Derived dialects Due to the large number of prisons in Warsaw, the influence of the Warsaw dialect on the evolution of grypsera was immense and to some extent the shape of the latter language is a distant relative of the former. Phonology The basic phonology of the Warsaw dialect was that of the standard Polish language, with several notable differences. The most important differences between literary Polish and the Warsaw dialect are the following: Vocabulary The Warsaw dialect has much of its lexicon borrowed from a variety of languages. Writing system The Warsaw dialect did not develop a literary form. It has been used by several authors in Polish literature and written with a standard set of Polish letters with different sounds denoted by approximation. References External links Polish-Warsaw dictionary History of Warsaw Dialects by location Languages of Poland Culture in Warsaw City colloquials Polish dialects