program of rebuilding which included Issei naturalization, reparations for discriminatory treatment during the war, re-examination of the constitutionality of the evacuation, stay of deportation on hardship cases involving Japanese nationals, a call for a national conference of minorities, elimination of racial discrimination in housing and employment, challenge of the alien land laws, creation of a research clearinghouse on the evacuation, and assistance of returning Nisei veterans. 1970 National Convention The 1970 JACL convention was marred by the murder of Evelyn Okubo, an 18-year-old activist and attendee, by a black man. Nevertheless, the JACL continued its commitment to racial justice for all Americans, including African-Americans. 2013 National Convention The 2013 JACL National Convention was held July 24–26, 2013, in Washington, DC. The theme for the 44th convention was "Justice for All". Headquarters, districts and chapters As of 2022, the JACL is headquartered in San Francisco's Japantown neighborhood, directly neighboring the offices of the Japanese American Association of Northern California (Hokka Nichi Bei Kai /北加日米会), which describes itself as the oldest Japanese American Community organization (founded in 1895). The JACL also maintains an office in Washington DC, and (as of 2022) has over 100 chapters in the US, organized into seven district counciles: Central California District Council, Eastern District Council, Intermountain District Council, Midwest District Council, Northern California-Western Nevada-Pacific District Council, Pacific Northern District Council, and Pacific Southwest District Council. The JACL did not exist in Hawaii during the years prior to and after World War II; a chapter was finally established in 1980. Notable members Frank Chuman Gordon Hirabayashi Mike Honda Chris Iijima Mike Masaoka Doris Matsui Robert Matsui Spark Matsunaga Stan Matsunaka Norman Mineta Evelyn Okubo James Y. Sakamoto Charles Z. Smith George Takei Grayce Uyehara George Yuzawa See also Pacific Citizen Japanese Americans Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project Japanese American Committee for Democracy Japanese American National Library Japanese American National Museum Japanese American Museum of San Jose Japan–United States relations Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States Consulate-General of Japan, San Francisco U.S.-Japan Council References Further reading Bill Hosokawa, JACL in Quest of Justice (Morrow, 1982). External links Website for national organization Berkeley chapter New England chapter Portland, Oregon chapter Twin Cities chapter New York chapter Japanese American Internment of Japanese Americans Asian-American organizations Non-profit organizations based in California Organizations established in 1929