co-option, the DSU had previously had eight Members of the Bundestag, who sat as guests in the CDU/CSU caucus. The CSU, which had heavily supported the DSU financially, severed its ties in 1993 and the party fell into irrelevancy. After a law allowing a linkage of the lists of the CSU and DSU was overturned by the Federal Constitutional Court, the CSU tried to convince the CDU to stand down in several single-member constituencies to enable the DSU to enter the Bundestag separate from the 5% threshold, but Kohl adamantly refused. Results All change figures are relative to the pre-existing West German Bundestag. Results by state Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) Constituency seats List seats Post-election The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and remained chancellor. The CDU did exceptionally well in the former East Germany, which had been the heartland of the SPD before the Nazi era. Notes References Sources The Federal Returning Officer Psephos Federal elections in Germany 1990 elections in Germany Helmut Kohl December 1990 events in Europe