second somersault. Fliffus – Double front somersault with at least one half twist. Triffus – Triple front somersault with at least one half twist. Quadriffus – Quadruple front somersault with at least one half twist. Randolph (or Randy) – A single front somersault with two and a half twists. Double Full – A single back somersault with two twists. Triple Full – A single back somersault with three twists. Quad Full – A single back somersault with four twists. Quint Full – A single back somersault with five twists. Sextuple Full – A single back somersault with six twists. Septuple Full – A single back somersault with seven twists. Octuple Full – A single back somersault with eight twists. Barani ballout (BBO) – the same as a Ball out, but with one half twist. May also be performed with varying degrees of twist: e.g. rudolph/randolph/adolph ballout. Adolph – A single front somersault with three and a half twists. Full Half – A double front somersault with one twist in the first and a half twist in the second. Full Rudy – A double front somersault with one twist in the first and one and a half twists in the second. Frydolph – A single front somersault with four and a half twists. Frydolph Plus/ wydolph – A single front somersault with five and a half twists. A note about twisting somersaults – although it is not impossible to associate different amount of twist with either front or back somersaults it is universal practice that front twisting somersaults will always have an odd half twist while back twisting somersaults will always have a round number of twists. This is to make it easier for the performer to 'spot' the bed prior to landing. Somersaults may be performed in one of four positions: tuck, pike, straight (or layout), and puck. The tuck position is considered the least difficult. Somersaults done in pike or straight position are more difficult, and each complete rotation is awarded a 0.1 bonus to Degree of Difficulty. Puck position is a body position intermediate between tuck and pike, and is used in multiple twisting somersaults. Competition Terms Degree of Difficulty (DD) or Tariff – A score added to the execution score which reflects the difficulty of the skills included in the routine. Voluntary or Optional Routine (Vol) – A routine comprising skills chosen by the athlete or coach