Bhojpuri has the distinctive (i) /laː/ enclitic in present tense (ii) /-l/ in past tense (iii) dative postposition /-laː/ which separates it from the Awadhi language. Pronouns Notes: indicates a form inflectable for gender and number : mor → mōrā (masculine), mōrī (feminine), mōrē (plural) hamār → hamrā (masc.), hamrī (fem.), hamrē (pl.) tōr→ torā (masc.), torī (fem.), torē (pl.) tumar→ tumrā (masc.), tumrī (fem.), tumrē (pl.) tohār→ tohrā (masc.), tohrī (fem.), tohrē (pl.) Word Formation Following are the morphological processes of stem formation in the Awadhi language: Affixation An affix is used to alter the meaning or form of a word. It can be either a prefix or a suffix. Example: Prefix bē– preceding the root saram means "shameless" while apna followed by –pan means "belonging-ness". Compounding Two or more stems are combined to form one stem. Example: nīlkanṭh means "blue bird" and banmānus means "forest man" or "chimpanzee". Reduplication This process involves the repetition of certain forms. It may be complete, partial, or interrupted. Complete reduplication: It denotes continuity of action. Example: jāt-jāt for "going on". Partial reduplication: It denotes similarity of one object to other. Example: hãpaṭ-dãpaṭ for "panting". Interrupted reduplication: It stresses on the instant condition of the action that follows and expresses abundance of something. Example: khētaī khēt "between the fields"; garmaī garam "the very hot". Literature Late-medieval and early-modern India In this period, Awadhi became the vehicle for epic poetry in northern India. Its literature is mainly divided into: bhaktīkāvya (devotional poetry) and premākhyān (romantic tales). Bhaktīkāvyas The most important work, probably in any modern Indo-Aryan language, came from the poet-saint Tulsidas in the form of Ramcharitmanas (1575 C.E.) or "The Lake of the Deeds of Rama", written in doha-chaupai metre. Its plot is mostly derivative, either from the original Rāmāyaṇa by Valmiki or from the Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa, both of which are in Sanskrit. Mahatma Gandhi had acclaimed the Ramcharitmanas as "the greatest book of all devotional literature" while western observers have christened it as "the Bible of Northern India". It is sometimes synonymously referred as 'Tulsidas Ramayana' or simply 'the Ramayana'. Tulsidas's compositions Hanuman Chalisa, Pārvatī Maṅgala and Jānakī Maṅgala are also written in Awadhi. The first Hindi vernacular adaptation of the 'Dasam Skandha' of the Bhagavata Purana, the "Haricharit" by Lalachdas, who hailed from Hastigram (present-day Hathgaon near Rae Bareilly), was concluded in 1530 C.E. It circulated widely for a long time