in style. His statesmanship, though marred occasionally by personal vanity and love of popular applause, was far-seeing and prudent. In the latter part of his career, his main object was to raise the prestige of Russia by undoing the results of the Crimean War, and it may fairly be said that he greatly succeeded. Honours : Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, 1857; in Diamonds, 1872 : Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1857; in Diamonds, 1863 : Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog, 8 July 1852 Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 16 September 1857 : Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 2 July 1857 Mexican Empire: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Guadalupe, 1864 : Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, August 1864 Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 24 June 1856; in Diamonds, 1859 Kingdom of Sardinia: Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, 30 October 1859 : Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 17 February 1857 Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, 16 May 1860 Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Commander of the Order of Saint Joseph : Knight of the Order of Saint Januarius, 1845 : Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1846 See also Internationalization of the Danube River References Bibliography Clark, Chester W. "Prince Gorchakov and the Black Sea Question, 1866 A Russian Bomb that did not Explode." American Historical Review (1942) 48#1: 52–60. online Golicz, Roman, "The Russians shall not have Constantinople: English Attitudes to Russia, 1870–1878", History Today (November 2003) 53#9 pp 39–45. Hauner, Milan. "Central Asian geopolitics in the last hundred years: a critical survey from Gorchakov to Gorbachev." Central Asian Survey 8.1 (1989): 1–19. Jelavich, Barbara. St. Petersburg and Moscow: Tsarist and Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974 (1974), pp 133–91. Meyendorff, Alfred. "Conversations of Gorchakov with Andrássy and Bismarck in 1872." The Slavonic and East European Review 8.23 (1929): 400–408. online Saul, Norman E. Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763-1867 (UP of Kansas, 1991). Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire 1801–1917 (1967) Splidsboel-Hansen, Flemming. "Past and future meet: Aleksandr Gorchakov and Russian foreign policy." Europe-Asia Studies 54.3 (2002): 377–396. online Stevens, John Knox. "The Franco-Russian Treaty of 1859: New Light and New Thoughts." Historian 28.2 (1966): 203–223. online