principalities remained semi-independent and their rulers could become powerful rivals of the Grand Duke with their own claims to the throne. The new voivodeships were governed by trustworthy nobles, unrelated to the royal clan, who could be easily replaced. Soon the nobility replaced members of the ruling dynasty as the driving force behind Lithuanian politics. Adopted Polish coat of arms References 1410s in law 1413 in Europe 15th century in Lithuania Horodlo 15th century in Poland Horodło 1410s treaties