reduplication, the consonant and vowel of the penultimate syllable of the root are copied and inserted before the final syllable of the root. For example, molápkan "to gleam" becomes molalápkan "to flash". The iterative can also be formed using the Position 6 iterative prefixes ohoh- and hoho-. The glottal stop The glottal stop [ʔ] is used to form the interrogative by infixing [ʔ] before a verb's penultimate syllable. Doing so replaces preceding vowel length (if present) and adds a high pitch accent to the syllables preceding and following the glottal stop. For example, /ishí:c/ "you see it" changes to the question /ishíʔcá/ "Do you see it?". Syntax Word order Koasati sentences generally follow a subject, object, verb (SOV) pattern. If an indirect object is present, the order is typically subject, indirect object, verb (SIoV). For sentences with both a direct and indirect object, the order is typically subject, object, verb, indirect object (SOVIo), though SIoOV also occurs. Any locatives tend to follow the verb. Because Koasati uses the nominative case, these orders are not rigid - elements can be moved within the sentence for emphasis. Examples of some basic orders follow: SOV SOVIo Case marking Koasati is an active–stative language. It has seven cases that can be used across five classes of nouns: The five noun classes contain the following types of nouns, followed by examples: Class I: nouns for animate objects (ifá, "dog") Class II: nouns to or in which action can occur (óːla, "town") Class III: nouns within or among which action can occur (íːsa, "house") Class IV: nouns describing an area where action can occur (caffá, "field") Class V: personal names, kinship terms (awó, "grandfather") Switch-reference Koasati has switch-reference marking, in which suffixes indicate whether the subjects of two verbs are co-referent. The suffix –k indicates that the subject of the verb that follows is the same as that of the previous verb, while –n indicates that the subject is different than that of the previous verb. The suffixes –ok and –on can also be used in the same way for extra emphasis or "focus". The switch-reference marker –p indicates the introduction of a new topic. An example of each suffix follows: nó:ra-k ɫabósli-h bánna-k hí:ca-t á:ta-toho-:li-k akkámmi-tik labósl-á:ha-k sam, kí,:c-o-t — "Nora tried to extinguish it, and she kept on watching it, but this being so, she was unable to extinguish it." athómma-k yomáhli-n calakkí ho-ká:ha-hco-k