partial rotator-cuff tear. However, with demonstration of good, pain-free function, treatment will not change, so the test is useful in helping to avoid overtesting or unnecessary surgery. Classification Tears of the rotator cuff tendon are described as partial or full thickness, and full thickness with complete detachment of the tendons from bone. Partial-thickness tears often appear as fraying of an intact tendon. Full-thickness tears are "through-and-through". These tears can be small pinpoint, larger buttonhole, or involve the majority of the tendon where it still remains substantially attached to the humeral head and thus maintains function. Full-thickness tears may also involve complete detachment of the tendon(s) from the humeral head and may result in significantly impaired shoulder motion and function. Shoulder pain is variable and may not be proportional to the size of the tear. Tears are also sometimes classified based on the trauma that caused the injury: Acute, as a result of a sudden, powerful movement which might include falling onto an outstretched hand at speed, making a sudden thrust with a paddle in kayaking, or following a powerful pitch/throw Subacute, arising in similar situations but occurring in one of the five layers of the shoulder anatomy Chronic, developing over time, and usually occurring at or near the tendon (as a result of the tendon rubbing against the overlying bone), and usually associated with an impingement syndrome Prevention Long-term overuse/abuse of the shoulder joint is generally thought to limit range of motion and productivity due to daily wear and tear of the muscles, and many public web sites offer preventive advice. (See external links) The recommendations usually include: regular shoulder exercises to maintain strength and flexibility using proper form when lifting or moving heavy weights resting the shoulder when experiencing pain application of cold packs and heat pads to a painful, inflamed shoulder strengthening program to include the back and shoulder girdle muscles as well as the chest, shoulder and upper arm adequate rest periods in occupations that require repetitive lifting and reaching Size According to a study which measured tendon length against the size of the injured rotator cuff, researchers learned that as rotator cuff tendons decrease in length, the average rotator cuff tear severity is proportionally decreased, as well. This shows that larger individuals are more likely to develop a severe rotator cuff tear if they do not "tighten the shoulder muscles around the joint". Position Another study