and yourselves and all those who have observed Easter from the beginning. The penultimate sentence of the chapter (page 2) notes: Constantine had admonished: 'Think, then, how unseemly it is, that on the same day some should be rejoicing at feasts, while others are still observing a strict fast.' On the same page, Chapter 2 Summary of developments (which was added on the express instruction of the International Commission) notes: 664: Synod of Whitby. England aligns with Rome.... 4 December 1563: The Council of Trent authorises the pope to revise the missal and breviary (but not the calendar)... 1564: Pius V reserves to himself the sole right of interpretation of the enactments... 24 February 1582: Gregory XIII claims the right to unilaterally change the calendar and the date of Easter and does so. Anyone who does not fall into line will be excommunicated. Page 3 notes: Queen Elizabeth's astronomical adviser...in 1582 advocated the 'astronomical Easter', an idea rejected by the pope... At the end of the sixteenth century the Orthodox church issued a series of anathemas against the Gregorian calendar. It is easy to see why: (1) the Julian calendar is simple to operate. Easter jumps forward in years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19 of the nineteen-year cycle. This is the same rule which applies in the Jewish calendar, although the Jewish cycle begins three years later. Easter is thus kept in lockstep with Passsover. [Note: Although the interdenominational discussion document The prospect of Whitby may say this, in years with Christian golden number 8 (Jewish golden number 5) such as 2002 and 2021, Passover is more than a month earlier than the Eastern Easter. So "lockstep" should be not interpreted as meaning that they occur in the same lunar month.] (2) the Julian calendar incorporates effective measures to prevent Easter being celebrated on [page 4] or before the Passover. These include: If the full moon falls on a Sunday Easter shall be the Sunday after The month preceding Easter always has thirty days The 'lockstep' safeguard referred to above The Jewish calendar has a system of delays which prevent certain festivals being observed on certain days of the week. With only the first safeguard, the Gregorian Easter may fall a day or a month before the Passover. Eventually, Easter will fall a month before the Passover every year. Method of calculating the date of Easter Nineteen