19, a senior at North Hardin High School. Teachers describe him as an ideal student who worked hard, and wanted to learn. Charles "Chuck" John Kytta, 34, of Elizabethtown. He was a loan officer at Citizens and Fidelity Bank and Trust, and served in the Vietnam War. Joy Williams, 34, of Radcliff. She had just recently gained her real estate license. Two of her children, Kristen and Robin, also perished in the disaster. John R. Pearman, 36, of Radcliff. He was driving the school bus at the time of the crash, and lost his life while trying to save passengers by working to extinguish the fire. Among the bus survivors, one person's leg from just below the knee had to be amputated, and about ten others suffered disfiguring burns. Only 6 bus passengers were uninjured and virtually all suffered varying degrees of emotional trauma and survivor guilt syndrome. As of February 2010, this collision had the highest death and injury toll of any school bus crash in United States history; a crash near Prestonsburg, Kentucky, in 1958 also claimed 27 lives, but there were not as many additional injuries. Investigation The National Transportation Safety Board responded, conducted an investigation and issued a report on March 28, 1989. The NTSB determined that "the probable cause of the collision between the pickup truck and the church activity bus was the alcohol-impaired condition of the pickup truck driver who operated his vehicle opposite to the direction of traffic flow on an interstate highway." The agency also found that the design of the 11-year-old bus also contributed to the fatalities. The bus's fuel tank was unprotected, seat covers were made of flammable material, and the rear exit was partially blocked by a row of seats. Following the NTSB report, and much sooner in many instances, many federal, state, and local agencies and bus manufacturers changed regulations, vehicle features, and operating practices. The board recommended the phaseout of buses not meeting the federal standards established in 1977. The standards required all new school buses to have stronger fuel tanks, stronger seats and more accessible emergency exits. At the time the report was issued, about 22% of school buses in use nationwide were built before the standards were in place. The board also recommended stricter punishments for drunk driving. Legal There was considerable civil litigation. Ford Motor Company, Sheller-Globe Corporation, and others eventually contributed to settlements