Revolution, Khanzhonkov fled Russia to Constantinople and Vienna, and, despite previous affiliation with the royal family, returned upon invitation to the USSR in 1923 and was appointed director of the new Soviet studio Proletkino and later as a production consultant for Goskino. His career in the Soviet Union ended in 1926: he was forced to abdicate after a corruption scandal struck Proletkino, and never worked in cinema again. Khanzhonkov spent the rest of his life in Yalta, living on a personal pension from the state. There he survived the Nazi occupation of Crimea in 1941–1944, and died in Yalta after many years of declining health on September 26, 1945. Bibliography Aleksandr Khanzhonkov (1937). First Years of Russian Cinema. Memoirs. — Moscow/Leningrad: Iskusstvo // Moscow: Karamzin, 254 pages M. Kuznetsova. Aleksandr Khanzhonkov: Life Behind the Frame article from Profile magazine № 29, 1997 Rashit Yangirov. An addition to A. A. Khanzhonkov's biography: New angle article from Cinema Historian's Notes magazine № 55, 2011 Tetiana Avdashkova. Ukrainian Cossack that made it in Hollywood article from The Day newspaper № 43, 9 August 2012 See also Vera Kholodnaya Ossip Runitsch Vitold Polonsky References External links Biography (in Russian) 1877 births 1945 deaths Don Cossacks People from Makiivka Businesspeople from the Russian Empire Film directors from the Russian Empire Film producers from the Russian Empire Silent film directors Silent film producers Screenwriters from the Russian Empire Male screenwriters