A language school is a school where one studies a foreign language. Classes at a language school are usually geared towards, for example, communicative competence in a foreign language. Language learning in such schools typically supplements formal education or existing knowledge of a foreign language. Students vary widely by age, educational background, work experience. They usually have the possibility of selecting a specific course according to their language proficiency. According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), there are six language levels that define student language proficiency based on their speaking, writing and reading skills. Students will be then assigned to the course that matches their skills. Structure As a general rule, new students take a placement test which enables teachers to determine which is the most appropriate level for the student. Courses can be organized in groups or for individuals (one-to-one lessons). Private language schools are generally open year-round and are equipped with pedagogical material (books, tape recorders, videos, language laboratories, a library, etc.) Organization Most language schools are private and for-profit. Fees vary depending on a multitude of factors, including local cost of living, exchange rates, and demand for the language in the area where a school is located. Language schools are either independent entities or corporate franchises. Teachers Teachers are expected to possess native speaker fluency or acquired competence in their target languages; formal qualifications to become a language teacher, however, vary by school, region or country. This ensures the quality of the language school and provides students with a richer experience. Teachers may have graduated with a BA, Master's degree or a PhD Pedagogy, experience and strong teaching skills are the principal criteria during the recruitment of the language school's teachers. Accommodation Many language schools offer various kinds of accommodation to their students: host family (homestays), campus residences, shared housing, or hotels. Qualifications Most students will sit an international language exam and receive an internationally recognized qualification. International language exams Language schools commonly offer specific programs to those wishing to prepare for internationally recognized language exams such as: TOEIC (English) TOEFL (English) CaMLA (English) TrackTest (English) University of Toronto TEFL (English) Cambridge English Language Assessment (English) DELF/DALF (French) TestDaF (German) SIELE (Spanish) DELE (Spanish) JLPT (Japanese) TOPIK (Korean) HSK (Chinese Mandarin) DELI/DILI/DALI (Italian) Some organizations combine language study with travel to destinations where the language is natively spoken. This concept of immersion travel