with respect to major combatants. Submarines 11th Squadron, Zaozersk Oscar II-class SSGNs: Orel (K-266) (active as of 2021) Smolensk (K-410) (active as of 2022) Voronezh (K-119) (reported in reserve; may be in process of decommissioning) Yasen-class SSGNs: Severodvinsk (K-560) (active; reported deployed to the Mediterranean as of October 2022) Kazan (K-561) (active) 7th Division, Vidyaevo Sierra II-class SSNs: Nizhniy Novgorod (B-534) (active as of 2019) Pskov (K-336) (active as of 2019) Victor-III-class SSNs: Obninsk (K-138) (active as of 2017) Tambov (K-448) (reported on sea trials in early 2023 after seven-year refit) 12th Squadron, Gadzhiyevo 31st Submarine Division (Yagelnaya Bay, Sayda Inlet) Delta IV-class SSBNs: (Delta IVs reported to be incrementally withdrawn from service through the 2020s) Karelia (K-18) (active as of 2022) Verkhoturye (K-51) (active as of 2021) Tula (K-114) (active as of 2022; refit completed 2017) Bryansk (K-117) (reported in refit as of 2022) Novomoskovsk (K-407) Borei-class SSBNs: Yury Dolgorukiy (K-535) (active) Knyaz Vladimir (K-549) (active as of 2021) 24th Submarine Division (Russia) (Yagelnaya Bay, Sayda Inlet), traditionally operating Akula-class SSNs: Pantera (K-317) (in reserve) Gepard (K-335) (active as of 2021) Tigr (K-154) (in refit until 2023; to be equipped with 3M-54 Kalibr cruise missiles) Volk (K-461) (inactive; reported in 2020 as scheduled for "medium-overhaul" refit and arming with Kalibr cruise missiles) Vepr (K-157) (active as of 2022; returned to the fleet in 2020 post-refit) Leopard (K-328) (laid up since 2011 but medium-overhaul refit progressing as of 2020; being armed with 3M-54 Kalibr cruise missiles; projected as likely to begin post-refit sea trials in 2022) 4th Submarine Flotilla (Polyarny (ru)) 161st Submarine Division: Kilo-class (diesel/electric) submarines (SSK): Kaluga (B-800) (active as of 2022) Vladikavkaz (B-459) Magnitogorsk (B-471) Lipetsk (B-177) Lada-class conventional propulsion (diesel/electric) submarines: Sankt Peterburg (B-585) (active; prototype of the class and reportedly used as "test platform" up to 2021; formally "accepted into service" in 2021) Kronshtadt (B-586) (Sea trials in the Baltic as of December 2021) 29th Special Submarine Squadron (Special operations submarines deployed with the Northern Fleet but under the command of the Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research): BS-64 Podmoskovye (active as of 2021; ex-Delta IV-class SSBN with missile tubes removed in "special purpose" role; "mothership" for smaller special operations submarine Losharik) Belgorod (K-329) (Entered service July 2022; reported in 2022 as expected initially to operate in an "experimental role" with the Northern Fleet and then as likely to transfer to the Pacific Fleet; likely to