HSD-equipped vehicles as having an e-CVT (electronic continuously variable transmission) when required to classify the transmission type for standards specification lists or regulatory purposes. Power flows In a conventional car design the separately-excited alternator with integral rectifier (DC generator) and starter (DC motor) are considered accessories that are attached to the internal combustion engine (ICE) which normally drives a transmission to power the wheels propelling the vehicle. A battery is used only to start the car's internal combustion engine and run accessories when the engine is not running. The alternator is used to recharge the battery and run the accessories when the engine is running. The HSD system replaces the geared transmission, alternator, and starter motor with: MG1, an AC motor-generator having a permanent magnet rotor, used as a motor when starting the ICE and as a generator (alternator) when charging the high voltage battery MG2, an AC motor-generator, also having a permanent magnet rotor, used as the primary drive motor and as a generator (alternator), which regeneration power is directed to the high voltage battery. MG2 is generally the more powerful of the two motor-generators Power electronics, including three DC-AC inverters and two DC-DC converters Computerized control system and sensors HVB, a high voltage battery sources electrical energy during acceleration and sinks electrical energy during regeneration braking Through the power splitter, a series-parallel full hybrid's HSD system thus allows for the following intelligent power flows: Auxiliary power HVB -> DC-DC converter -> 12VDC battery 12VDC battery -> 12V vehicle electronics Engine charge (Recharging and/or heating catalytic converter and/or interior comfort HVAC) ICE -> MG1 -> HVB Battery or EV drive HVB -> MG2 -> wheels Engine & motor drive (Moderate acceleration) ICE -> wheels ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels Engine drive with charge (Highway driving) ICE -> wheels ICE -> MG1 -> HVB Engine and motor drive with charge (Heavy power situation such as in steep hills) ICE -> wheels ICE -> MG1 -> HVB ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels Full power or gradual slowing (Maximum power situations) ICE -> wheels ICE -> MG1 -> MG2 -> wheels HVB -> MG2 -> wheels B-mode braking Wheels -> MG2 ->HVB Wheels -> MG1 -> ICE (ECU - Electronic Control Unit - uses MG1 to spin ICE which drains battery – allowing more charge from MG2, and also links ICE to wheels causing "engine braking"; ICE RPM