negative subject prefixes Position 2: locative prefix a-, or the prefix ak- which indicates action on the surface of a person (skin) or thing Position 3: locative prefixes Position 4: pronominal prefixes (ca-) Position 5: pronominal prefixes (am-) Position 6: distributive prefix ho-/oh-, iterative prefix hoho-/ohoh- Position 7: instrumental prefixes Position 8: directional prefixes Position 9: indefinite nouns naːsi-/naːs-/nas- ('something') and aːti-/aːt-/at-/a- ('someone') Root Suffixes Position 1: adverb Position 2: diminutive/intensive Position 3: habitual Position 4: intention Position 5: ability Position 6: realis/irrealis Position 7: deduction Position 8: modality Position 9: dubiative Position 10: hearsay Position 11: auditory Position 12: tense Position 13: consequence Position 14: discourse functions Position 15: enclitics Prefixes Unlike its frequently used cognates in other Muskogean languages, the general locative prefix a- (Position 2) is falling out of use. Positions 4 and 5 relate to the am- and ca- sets discussed above with nouns. They contain the direct and indirect object prefixes respectively and are used to cross-reference the direct and indirect objects of verbs, as well as mark possession on nominalized verbs. For example, the Position 5 prefix ac- is used to mark possession on the root of the nominalized verb meaning "to photograph" in the following way: A sampling of verbal prefixes, in this case, specific locative prefixes of Position 3, follows: itta- "action on the ground; action in fire" o:-/o:w- "action in water" pa:- "action on a raised, artificial, or non-ground surface" on- "action on a vertical surface or in a vertical plane" itta- "action in the middle of something" ibi:- "action on the human face" ico:- "action on or in the human mouth" no:- "action on the human neck" nok- "action in the human throat" Suffixes Kimball recorded over seventy suffixes to fill the fifteen suffix positions. All but eleven of these suffixes can technically co-occur with all other suffixes that do not occupy the same position class. Kimball provides the following example as a possibility: In the first word, all units that follow the root -ilá- "arrive" are suffixes filling the various position classes. A sample of suffixes, in this case, Position 5 suffixes of ability, follows: -bá:no- "regularly, occasionally" -bí:no- "reluctantly, shyly" -halpi:sa- "to be able to" -yáhli- "be obliged to, really" Kimball notes that of these, only -halpi:sa- "to be able to" is used frequently. Verbal number Muskogean languages such as Koasati have a three-way number distinction in their