review by the in the in 2002, but ultimately was not approved in this country. In Japan, bicalutamide is licensed at a dosage of 80 mg/day alone or in combination with a analogue for prostate cancer. The unique 80 mg dosage of bicalutamide used in Japan was selected for development in this country on the basis of observed pharmacokinetic differences with bicalutamide in Japanese men. Subsequent to negative findings of bicalutamide monotherapy for in the clinical programme, approval of bicalutamide for use specifically in the treatment of was withdrawn in a number of countries including the (in October or November 2003) and several other European countries and Canada (in August 2003). In addition, the and Canada explicitly recommended against the use of 150 mg/day bicalutamide for this indication. The drug is effective for, remains approved for, and continues to be used in the treatment of and , on the other hand. The patent protection of bicalutamide expired in the in March 2009 and the drug has subsequently been available as a generic, at greatly reduced cost. Bicalutamide was the fourth antiandrogen (and the third ) to be introduced for the treatment of prostate cancer, following the in 1973 and the flutamide in 1983 (1989 in the ) and nilutamide in 1989 (1996 in the ). It has been followed by abiraterone acetate in 2011, enzalutamide in 2012, apalutamide in 2018, and darolutamide in 2019, and may also be followed by in-development drugs such as proxalutamide and seviteronel. Society and culture Generic names Bicalutamide is the generic name of the drug in English and French and its , , , , , , and . It is also referred to as bicalutamidum in Latin, bicalutamida in Spanish and Portuguese, bicalutamid in German, and bikalutamid in Russian and other Slavic languages. The "bica-" prefix corresponds to the fact that bicalutamide is a bicyclic compound, while the "-lutamide" suffix is the standard suffix for . Bicalutamide is also known by its former developmental code name -176,334. Brand names Bicalutamide is marketed by AstraZeneca in oral tablet form under the brand names Casodex, Cosudex, Calutide, Calumid, and Kalumid in many countries. It is also marketed under the brand names Bicadex, Bical, Bicalox, Bicamide, Bicatlon, Bicusan, Binabic, Bypro, Calutol, and Ormandyl among others in various countries. The drug is sold under a large number of generic trade names such as Apo-Bicalutamide, Bicalutamide Accord, Bicalutamide Actavis,