have noted that blacks, when taunted by whites as "niggers", taunted back, calling them "white trash" or "crackers". Black parents often teach their children that poor whites are "white trash". The epithet appears in black folklore. As an example, blacks who were slaves would, when out of earshot of whites that owned slaves, refer to harsh slave owners as a "low down" man, "lower than poor white trash", or "a brute, really". Zora Neale Hurston's Seraph on the Suwanee (1948) explored images of "white trash" women. In 2000, Chuck Jackson argued in the African American Review that Hurston's meditation on abjection, waste, and the construction of class and gender identities among poor whites reflects the eugenics discourses of the 1920s. See also List of ethnic slurs Class prejudice Clay eater Cracker Florida cracker Georgia cracker Eurotrash (term) Hillbilly Okie Peckerwood Poor White Redneck Scalawag Stereotypes of white people in the United States Trailer trash Underclass Whiteness studies Yokel References Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Sullivan, Nell. "Academic Constructions of 'White Trash'" in External links Allison, Dorothy "A Question of Class" 1820s neologisms American phraseology Pejorative terms for white people Class-related slurs Race and society Stereotypes of rural people Stereotypes of white Americans Stereotypes of the working class Social class in the United States English phrases