that would be foundational to fighting games. These include Game of Death (1972), which had Lee fighting a series of bosses, and Enter the Dragon (1973), which was about an international martial arts tournament. The genre also drew inspiration from Japanese martial arts works, including the manga and anime series Karate Master (1971–1977), as well as Sonny Chiba's The Street Fighter (1974). The earliest video games which involved fist-fighting were boxing games, before martial arts fighting games later emerged, featuring battles between characters with fantastic abilities and complex special maneuvers. Sega's black-and-white boxing game Heavyweight Champ, released for arcades in 1976, is considered the first video game to feature fist fighting. Vectorbeam's arcade video game Warrior (1979) is another title sometimes credited as one of the first fighting games; in contrast to Heavyweight Champ and most later titles, Warrior was based on sword fighting duels and used a bird's-eye view. Sega's jidaigeki-themed arcade action game Samurai, released in March 1980, featured a boss battle where the samurai player character confronts a boss samurai in one-on-one sword-fighting combat. One-on-one boxing games appeared on consoles with Activision's Atari VCS game Boxing, released in July 1980, and Sega's SG-1000 game Champion Boxing (1983), which was Yu Suzuki's debut title at Sega. Nintendo's arcade game Punch-Out, developed in 1983 and released in February 1984, was a boxing game that featured a behind-the-character perspective, maneuvers such as blocking and dodging, and stamina meters that deplete when getting hit and replenish with successful strikes. Emergence of fighting game genre (mid-to-late 1980s) Karate Champ, developed by Technōs Japan and released by Data East in May 1984, is credited with establishing and popularizing the one-on-one fighting game genre. A variety of moves could be performed using the dual-joystick controls. It used a best-of-three matches format like later fighting games, and it featured training bonus stages. The Player vs Player edition of Karate Champ, released later the same year, was also the first fighting game to allow two players to fight each other. It went on to influence Konami's Yie Ar Kung Fu, released in October 1984. The game drew heavily from Bruce Lee films, with the main player character Oolong modelled after Lee (like in Bruceploitation films). In contrast to the grounded realism of Karate Champ, Yie Ar Kung-Fu moved the genre towards more fantastical, fast-paced action with a variety of special moves and high jumps, establishing the