the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the hierarchy. Scotland Scots law, a hybrid system based on both common-law and civil-law principles, applies in Scotland. The chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases, and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Scots law. Sheriff courts deal with most civil and criminal cases including conducting criminal trials with a jury, known that as Sheriff solemn Court, or with a Sheriff and no jury, known as (Sheriff summary Court). The Sheriff courts provide a local court service with 49 Sheriff courts organised across six Sheriffdoms. Electoral systems Various electoral systems are used in the UK: The first-past-the-post system is used for general elections to the House of Commons, and also for some local government elections in England and Wales. the first-past-the-post system elects members to parliament through individual elections in each of the 650 constituencies in the UK. To be elected to the House of Commons candidates require the biggest share of votes. Each constituency can only elect one member to parliament, voters are given a ballot paper with a list of candidates of which they can select one. [1] The plurality-at-large voting (the bloc vote) is also used for some local government elections in England and Wales. the plurality system is a simple way of election, the winner requires only to gain more votes than any other candidate.[2] The additional member system is used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, Senedd and London Assembly. The system is implemented differently in each of the three locations. the additional member's system used when electing members of parliament is a combination of the first-past-the-post system and the party-list system. voters are given two ballots, on one is the candidates running to be elected as an MP, the other ballot has a list of parties that are running for a seat in parliament, voters choose their preferred party. [3] The single transferable vote system is used in Northern Ireland to elect the Northern