musical style known as "gut-bucket blues" came out of the jug band scene, and was cited by Sam Phillips of Sun Records as the type of music he was seeking when he first recorded Elvis Presley. According to Willie "The Lion" Smith's autobiography, the term "gutbucket" comes from "Negro families" who all owned their own pail, or bucket, and would get it filled with the makings for chitterlings. The term "gutbucket" came from playing a lowdown style of music. In English skiffle bands, Australian and New Zealand bush bands and South African kwela bands, the same sort of bass has a tea chest as a resonator. The Quarrymen, John Lennon and Paul McCartney's band before the Beatles, featured a tea-chest bass, as did many young bands around 1956. A folk music revival in the U.S. in the early 1960s re-ignited interest in the washtub bass and jug band music. Bands included Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions, which later became The Grateful Dead, and the Jim Kweskin Jug Band, which featured Fritz Richmond on bass. Tea chest bass A tea chest bass is a variation of the washtub bass that uses a tea chest as the resonator for an upright stringed bass. The instrument is made from a pole, traditionally a broomstick, placed into or alongside the chest. One or more strings are stretched along the pole and plucked. In Europe, particularly Britain and Germany, the instrument is associated with skiffle bands. In Australia it was traditionally used to provide deep sounds for "bush bands", though most such groups today use electric bass or double bass. It is also known as bush bass or Tbox in Australia, and was used by the Northern Territory group the Mills Sisters. Other variations Other variations on the basic design are found around the world, particularly in the choice of resonator, for example: "gas-tank bass" "barrel bass" "box bass" (Trinidad) "bush bass" (Australia) "babatoni" (South Africa) "dumdum" (Zimbabwe) "dan bau" (Vietnam) "sanduku" (Zanzibar) "tanbou marengwen, in English, mosquito drum" (Haiti) "tingotalango" (Cuba) "tulòn" (Italy) Notable players Will Shade, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist member of the Memphis Jug Band who recorded from the 1920s until his death in 1966. Kansas Joe McCoy, washtub bass player and multi-instrumentalist, recorded with Arthur Crudup in 1941. Fritz Richmond (19392005) has performed on numerous recordings from America and Japan. One of his washtub basses is in the collection of the Smithsonian