triumphant epic. It was, in fact, a very narrow shave, and the reader may like to ponder [...] whether [...] we might have won [without] Ultra." Debate continues on whether, had postwar political and military leaders been aware of Ultra's role in Allied victory in World War II, these leaders might have been less optimistic about post-World War II military involvements. Knightley suggests that Ultra may have contributed to the development of the Cold War. The Soviets received disguised Ultra information, but the existence of Ultra itself was not disclosed by the western Allies. The Soviets, who had clues to Ultra's existence, possibly through Kim Philby, John Cairncross and Anthony Blunt, may thus have felt still more distrustful of their wartime partners. The mystery surrounding the discovery of the sunk off the coast of New Jersey by divers Richie Kohler and John Chatterton was unravelled in part through the analysis of Ultra intercepts, which demonstrated that, although U-869 had been ordered by U-boat Command to change course and proceed to North Africa, near Rabat, the submarine had missed the messages changing her assignment and had continued to the eastern coast of the U.S., her original destination. In 1953, the CIA's Project ARTICHOKE, a series of experiments on human subjects to develop drugs for use in interrogations, was renamed Project MKUltra. MK was the CIA's designation for its Technical Services Division and Ultra was in reference to the Ultra project. See also Hut 6 Hut 8 Magic (cryptography) Military intelligence Signals intelligence in modern history The Imitation Game Notes References Bibliography A short account of World War II cryptology which covers more than just the Enigma story. Has been criticised for inaccuracy and exaggeration Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University This is the standard reference on the crucial foundations laid by the Poles for World War II Enigma decryption. Focuses on the battle-field exploitation of Ultra material. Rejewski, Marian, wrote a number of papers on his 1932 break into Enigma and his subsequent work on the cipher, well into World War II, with his fellow mathematician-cryptologists, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski. Most of Rejewski's papers appear in This provides a description of the Enigma, other ciphers, and codes. An early publication containing several misapprehensions that are corrected in an addendum in the 1997 edition. The first published account of the previously secret wartime operation,