system, as of 2023, include the following: Former countries The Westminster system was adopted by a number of countries which subsequently evolved or reformed their system of government departing from the original model. In some cases, certain aspects of the Westminster system were retained or codified in their constitutions. For instance South Africa and Botswana, unlike Commonwealth realms or parliamentary republics such as India, have a combined head of state and head of government but the President remains responsible to the lower house of parliament; it elects the President at the beginning of a new Parliament, or when there is a vacancy in the office, or when the sitting President is defeated on a vote of confidence. If the Parliament cannot elect a new President within a short period of time (a week to a month) the lower house is dissolved and new elections are called. The between 1910 and 1961, and the between 1961 and 1984. The 1983 constitution abolished the Westminster system in South Africa. The gave up self-government in 1934 and reverted to direct rule from London. Use of the Westminster system resumed in 1949 when Newfoundland became a province of Canada. between 1965 and 1979, and between 1980 and 1987. The 1987 constitution abolished the Westminster system. following the end of British colonial rule in 1960, which resulted in the appointment of a Governor-General and then a President, Nnamdi Azikiwe. The system ended with the military coup of 1966. between 1948 and 1972, and from 1972 until 1978 when the constitution was remodelled into an Executive presidential system. following independence in 1948 until the 1962 military coup d'état. between 1957 and 1960, then 1969 and 1972. State of Somaliland used the Westminster system during its brief independence in 1960, with Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal as its first and only Prime Minister. (now Eswatini) between 1968 and 1973. between 1961 and 1962. between 1961 and 1971. between 1962 and 1963. between 1945 and 1966. between 1963 and 1964. between 1964 and 1966. between 1965 and 1970. between 1966 and 1980. between 1890 and 1940, under the Meiji Constitution the Diet of Japan was a bicameral legislature modelled after both the German Reichstag and the Westminster system. Influence from the Westminster system remained in Japan's Postwar Constitution. See also Bill of Rights 1689 English Civil War Glorious Revolution His Majesty's Government History of parliamentarism History of the constitution