stop *k- in Finno-Ugric (known to be the source of Hungarian h-). Sound correspondences The following consonant correspondences between Uralic and Altaic are asserted by Poppe (1983): Word-initial bilabial stop: Uralic *p- = Altaic *p- (> Turkic and Mongolic *h-) Sibilants: Uralic *s, *š, *ś = Altaic *s Nasals: Uralic *n, *ń, *ŋ = Altaic *n, *ń, *ŋ (in Turkic word-initial *n-, *ń- > *j-; in Mongolic *ń(V) > *n(i)) Liquids: Uralic *-l-, *-r- = Altaic *-l-, *r- As a convergence zone Regardless of a possible common origin or lack thereof, Uralic-Altaic languages can be spoken of as a convergence zone. Although it has not yet been possible to demonstrate a genetic relationship or a significant amount of common vocabulary between the languages other than loanwords, according to the linguist Juha Jahunen, the languages must have had a common linguistic homeland. The Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic languages have been spoken in the Manchurian region, and there is little chance that a similar structural typology of Uralic languages could have emerged without close contact with them. The languages of Turkish and Finnish have many similar structures, such as vowel harmony and agglutination. Similarly, according to Janhunen, the common typology of the Altaic languages can be inferred as a result of mutual contacts in the past, perhaps from a few thousand years ago. See also Altaic languages Altaic homeland Uralic languages Uralic homeland Proto-Uralic language Uralic–Yukaghir languages Uralo-Siberian languages Indo-Uralic languages Sino-Uralic languages Eurasiatic languages Nostratic languages Pan-Turanism Notes References Bibliography Greenberg, Joseph H. (2005). Genetic Linguistics: Essays on Theory and Method, edited by William Croft. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ponaryadov, V. V. (2011). A tentative reconstruction of Proto-Uralo-Mongolian. Syktyvkar. 44 p. (Scientific Reports / Komi Science Center of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Issue 510). Starostin, Sergei A., Anna V. Dybo, and Oleg A. Mudrak. (2003). Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages. Brill Academic Publishers. . Vago, R. M. (1972). Abstract Vowel Harmony Systems in Uralic and Altaic Languages. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club. External links Review of Marcantonio (2002) by Johanna Laasko This reflects the contemporary transitional state of understanding of the relationships among the languages. Proposed language families