even though the i in the nominative is consonantal. First-declension and second-declension adjectives also have distinct vocative forms in the masculine singular if the nominative ends in -us, with the ending -e. Adjectives that end in -ius have vocatives in -ie so the vocative of eximius is eximie. Nouns and adjectives that end in -eus do not follow the rules above. Meus forms the vocative irregularly as mī or meus, while Christian Deus does not have a distinct vocative and retains the form Deus. "My God!" in Latin is thus mī Deus!, but Jerome's Vulgate consistently used Deus meus as a vocative. Classical Latin did not use a vocative of deus either (in reference to pagan gods, the Romans used the suppletive form dive). Romance languages West Iberian languages Portuguese drops the article to form the vocative. The vocative is always between commas and, like in many other languages, a particle Ó is commonly used: In Extremaduran and Fala, some post-tonical vowels open in vocative forms of nouns, a new development that is unrelated to the Latin vocative case. Catalan Catalan drops the article to form the vocative. French Like English, French sometimes uses (or historically used) a particle Ô to mark vocative phrases rather than by change to the form of the noun. A famous example is the title and first line of the Canadian national anthem, O Canada (French title: Ô Canada), a vocative phrase addressing Canada. Romanian The vocative case in Romanian is partly inherited, occasionally causing other morphophonemic changes (see also the article on Romanian nouns): singular masculine/neuter: "-e" as in "om": "omule!" (man, human being), "băiat": "băiete!" or "băiatule!" (boy), "văr": "vere!" (cousin), "Ion": "Ioane!" (John); singular feminine: "-o" as in "soră": "soro!" (sister), "nebună": "nebuno!" (mad woman), also in masculine (nebunul) "deșteaptă": "deșteapto!" (smart one (f), often used sarcastically), "Ileana": "Ileano!" (Helen); Since there is no -o vocative in Latin, it must have been borrowed from Slavic: compare the corresponding Bulgarian forms сестро (sestro), откачалко (otkachalko), Елено (Eleno). plural, all genders: "-lor" as in "frați": "fraților!" (brothers), "boi": "boilor!" (oxen, used toward people as an invective), "doamne și domni": "doamnelor și domnilor!" (ladies and gentlemen). In formal speech, the vocative often simply copies the nominative/accusative form even when it does have its own form. That is because the vocative is often perceived as very direct and so can seem rude. Venetian Venetian has lost