Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen, 1944, France Maillé massacre, also by the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen, 1944, France Marzabotto massacre by the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS, 1944, Italy Malmedy massacre by Kampfgruppe Peiper, part of the 1st SS Panzer Division, 1944, Belgium Wereth 11 massacre by the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, 1944, Belgium Ardeatine massacre by two SS officers, 1944, Italy Distomo massacre by the 4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division, 1944, Greece Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre by the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS, 1944, Italy Ardenne Abbey massacre by the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend, 1944, France The linking of the SS-VT with the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) in 1938 raised important questions about Waffen-SS criminality, since the SS-TV were already responsible for the imprisonment, torture, and murder of Jews and other political opponents through providing the personnel for manning the concentration camps. Their leader, Theodor Eicke, who was the commandant of Dachau, inspector of the camps, and murderer of Ernst Röhm, later became the commander of the 3rd SS Totenkopf Division. With the invasion of Poland, the Totenkopfverbände troops were called on to carry out so-called "police and security measures" in rear areas. What these measures entailed is demonstrated by the record of SS Totenkopf Standarte Brandenburg. It arrived in Włocławek on 22 September 1939 and embarked on a four-day "Jewish action" that included the burning of synagogues and the execution en masse of the leaders of the Jewish community. On 29 September the Standarte travelled to Bydgoszcz to conduct an "intelligentsia action". Approximately 800 Polish civilians and what the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) termed "potential resistance leaders" were killed. Later the formation became the 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf, but from the start they were among the first executors of a policy of systematic extermination. Waffen-SS formations were found guilty of war crimes, especially in the opening and closing phases of the war. In addition to documented atrocities, Waffen-SS units assisted in rounding up Eastern European Jews for deportation and utilised scorched earth tactics during rear security operations. Some Waffen-SS personnel convalesced at concentration camps, from which they were drawn, by serving guard duties. Other members of the Waffen-SS were more directly involved in genocide. The end of the war saw a number of war crime trials, including the Malmedy massacre trial. The counts of indictment related to the massacre of more than 300