twin confirmed to the entire world it was a terrorist attack. The impact of Flight 175 also did some minor damage to the already-burning North Tower, as some windows on east face nearest to the South Tower were seen to have shattered the moment the pressure wave generated by the fireball hit them, something which may have aggravated the fires in that building. After the plane passed through the tower, part of the plane's landing gear and fuselage came out the north side of the skyscraper and crashed through the roof and two of the floors of 45–47 Park Place, between West Broadway and Church Street, north of the former World Trade Center. Three floor beams of the top floor of the building were destroyed, causing major structural damage. Collapse Unlike at the North Tower, one of the three stairwells (A) was still intact after Flight175 crashed into the South Tower. This was because the plane struck the tower offset from the center and not centrally as Flight11 in the North Tower had done. Only 18 people passed the impact zone through the available stairway and left the South Tower safely before it collapsed, although the 9/11 Commission speculated that there may have been others who were in the process of descending from above the point of impact, only to be caught in the collapse before they could escape. On the 81st floor, only one person survived: Stanley Praimnath, whose office was sliced by the wing of the plane. He witnessed Flight175 coming toward him. One of the wings sliced through his office and wound up wedged in a doorway about away from him. No one who was at, above or immediately below the impact zone in the North Tower was able to escape. With approximately 600 people at or above Floor 77, it is estimated that around half of them were killed instantly at the moment of impact. Although not necessarily trapped by the damage done by Flight 175’s impact, the roughly 300 survivors of the crash were either unaware of or unable to escape using the single intact stairwell and subsequently died from smoke inhalation, fires, or the eventual collapse. The smoke and flames also caused at least three people to jump or fall to their deaths from the upper floors of the South Tower, inadvertently causing the death of another man at street level. Some people above