and the new order Xenarthra was erected to group the remaining families (which are all related). The morphology of xenarthrans generally suggests that the anteaters and sloths are more closely related to each other than either is to the armadillos, glyptodonts, and pampatheres; this idea is upheld by molecular studies. Since its conception, Xenarthra has increasingly come to be considered to be of a higher rank than 'order'; some authorities consider it to be a cohort, while others consider it to be a superorder. Whatever the rank, Xenarthra is now generally considered to be divided into two orders: Cingulata (Latin, "the ones with belts/armor"), the armadillos and the extinct glyptodonts and pampatheres Pilosa (Latin, "the ones with fur"), which is subdivided into: Vermilingua ("worm-tongues"), the anteaters Folivora ("leaf-eaters"), the sloths (both tree sloths and the extinct ground sloths). Folivora is also called Tardigrada or Phyllophaga. Their relationship to other placental mammals is obscure. Xenarthrans have been defined as most closely related to Afrotheria (in the group Atlantogenata), or to Boreoeutheria (in the group Exafroplacentalia), or to Epitheria (Afrotheria+Boreoeutheria, i.e. as a sister group to all other placental mammals). A comprehensive phylogeny by Goloboff et al. includes xenarthrans as a sister clade of Euarchontoglires within Boreoeutheria (Laurasiatheria+Euarchontoglires). Overall, studies using mitochondrial DNA have tended to group them as a sister clade to Ferrungulata (carnivores+ungulates and cetaceans), while studies using nuclear DNA have identified them as 1) a sister clade to Afrotheria, 2) a sister clade to all placentals except Afrotheria, or 3) a trichotomy (three-way split): Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and everything else (i.e. Boreoeutheria). Among studies that use physical characteristics rather than DNA to look at relationships, a large phenomic analysis of living and fossil mammals suggests placental mammals evolved shortly after the end of the Cretaceous, and first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria (all other placentals). Phylogeny Below is a recent simplified phylogeny of the xenarthran families based on Slater et al. (2016) and Delsuc et al. (2016). The dagger symbol, "†", denotes extinct groups. }} Classification XENARTHRA Order Cingulata Family Chlamyphoridae: armadillos and glyptodonts Greater fairy armadillo, Calyptophractus retusus Pink fairy armadillo, Chlamyphorus truncatus Northern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous centralis Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous chacoensis Southern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus Greater naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous tatouay Screaming hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus vellerosus Big hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus villosus Andean hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus nationi Six-banded armadillo or yellow armadillo, Euphractus sexcinctus Giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus