or a radio broadcast and released in the compressed audio format MP3. MVids – Music videos – Can be ripped from TV, HDTV, DVDs or VCDs. NoCD, NoDVD, FixedExe – A file modification that allows an installed program to be run without inserting the CD or DVD into the drive. RIP – A game that doesn't have to be installed; any required registry entry can be included as a .reg file. RIP games can be ripped of music and/or video files, or, for video games, ROMs, thus decreasing the size of the download. RIPs with nothing ripped out sometimes are referred to as DP (direct play). Portables – Portable applications: Similar to RIPs, but in this case they're software applications instead of video games. The point of portable software is the fact that it can be placed on removable media (or any place on the local hard drive) and doesn't need installing; usually it is compressed into one executable file, by using software like VMware ThinApp or MoleBox. Scripts – Scripts: These include unlicensed copies of commercial scripts (such as vBulletin, Invision Power Board, etc.) coded by companies in PHP, ASP, and other languages. Subs – Subtitles: can be integrated in a TV-Rip or Movie. Serials – Refers to a collection of product keys such as serial numbers made available for the purpose of activating trial software, without payment. Templates – Web templates: These include leaked commercial website templates coded by companies. TV-Rips – Television programs: Television shows or movies, usually with commercials edited out. Commonly released within a few hours after airing. DVD Rips of television series fall under this sub-type. XXX – Pornography: These can be imagesets, paysite videos or retail movies. Zero-day or 0-day – Any copyrighted work that has been released the same day as the original product, or sometimes even before. It is considered a mark of skill among warez distribution groups to crack and distribute a program on the same day as its commercial release. Movie infringement Movie copyright infringement was looked upon as impossible by the major studios. When dial-up was common in early and mid-1990s, movies distributed on the Internet tended to be small. The technique that was usually used to make them small was to use compression software, thus lowering the video quality significantly. At that time, the largest copyright violation threat was software. However, along with the rise in broadband