in TL1000R or TL1000S) rather than V-twin. The alternating longer and shorter gaps between firings produce a characteristic V-twin alternating engine noise "phutphut phutphut phutphut phutphut". When a V angle of less than 90 degrees is used, perfect primary balance can only be achieved if offset crankpins are used. If not, balance shafts are usually required to reduce the vibration. Vehicles which use engines with V angles of less than 90 degrees include: 20 degrees: 1889 Daimler Steel-wheel car 42 degrees: 1916-1923 Indian Powerplus, 1920-1949 Indian Scout, 1922-1953 Indian Chief 45 degrees: 1909–present Harley-Davidson V-twin , 1990-1997 Suzuki VX 800, 2001-present Suzuki Boulevard C50, 1985-2007 Honda VT1100 48 degrees: 2005-2012 Yamaha MT-01, 1999-present Yamaha XV1600A 50 degrees: 1919-1924 BSA Model E, 1924-1936 Brough Superior SS100, 1929-1940 Matchless Model X, 1936-1955 Vincent Rapide, all Victory Freedom engines 52 degrees: 1997–present Honda Shadow, 1987-present Honda Transalp, 1998-2013 Honda Deauville, 2002-2008 Honda VTX, 2004-2010 Kawasaki Vulcan 2000 series 54 degrees: 2008–present Suzuki Boulevard C109R, 2006-present Suzuki Boulevard M109R 55 degrees: 1985-2006 Kawasaki Vulcan 750, 2006-present Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic 60 degrees: 2001-2017 Harley-Davidson VRSC, 1998-2003 Aprilia RSV Mille, 1988-present Yamaha XV250, 2001–present Yamaha DragStar 250, 2015-present Indian Scout 70 degrees: 1988-1998 Suzuki RGV250, 1987-2004 Yamaha Virago 535, 1997-present Yamaha DragStar 650 72 degrees: 1974-1989 Moto Morini 350 & 500 V-twins Voxan 1997-2010 75 degrees: 2005–present Hyosung GT250, 2008-2015 KTM 1190 RC8, 1981-2007 Yamaha Virago, 1998-2008 Yamaha DragStar 1100 80 degrees: 1978-1983 Honda CX series, Rotax 810/660/490 engines Vehicles which use engines with V angles of greater than 90 degrees include the 1934 Moto Guzzi 500cc (120 degrees) and the 1940-1948 Zündapp KS 750 (170 degrees). Motorcycles As per other motor vehicles, the terms longitudinal engine and transverse engine are most often used to refer to the crankshaft orientation relative to the frame. However, some companies use the opposite terminology, stating that a "transverse" V-twin engine has the cylinders mounted on each side of the motorcycle (therefore with the crankshaft running in line with the frame) and that a "longitudinal" V-twin engine has the cylinders at the front and rear. The latter terminology is used by the Italian manufacturer Moto Guzzi. To avoid such ambiguity, some people use descriptions of "transverse crankshaft engine", "longitudinal crankshaft engine", or "transversely mounted cylinders". Transverse engine The most common arrangement is to mount the engine with the crankshaft oriented transversely to the frame. The advantage of this mounting