referring to any and all Chinese people in or outside the Philippines in general regardless of nationality or place of birth. Chinese Filipino, Filipino Chinese or Philippine Chinese (Philippine ; Filipino/; Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin )—refers to people with some level of Han Chinese ethnicity with Philippine nationality and to people of Han Chinese ethnicity with Chinese nationality (either PRC or ROC) or whichever nationality but were born or mainly raised in the Philippines. This also includes Chinese Filipinos who now live and/or were born overseas, but still have close ties to the community in the Philippines. Hokkienese / Fukienese / Fujianese / Fookienese (Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin )—terms referring to Chinese Filipinos whose predominant ancestry is from Fujian Province in China, especially the Hokkien-speaking region in Southern Fujian. Chinese Filipinos of this background typically have Philippine Hokkien as a heritage language, though just as any Chinese Filipino may also normally speak Philippine English, Filipino/Tagalog or other Philippine languages (such as Visayan languages) and may also code-switch any and all of these languages, such as Taglish, Bislish, Hokaglish, etc. Cantonese (Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin )—terms referring to Chinese Filipinos whose ancestry is from Guangdong Province in China, especially the Taishanese or Cantonese-speaking regions. Chinese mestizo (Philippine ; Filipino/; Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin )—refers to people who are of mixed Han Chinese and indigenous Filipino ancestry, a common and historical phenomenon in the Philippines especially families tracing from the Spanish colonial times. Those with 75% Han Chinese ancestry or more are typically not considered to be characteristically mestizo. Many Chinese mestizos are still Chinese Filipinos, though some with more indigenous Filipino ancestry or family or have just had a very long family history of living and assimilating to life in the Philippines may no longer identify as Chinese Filipino. Mainland Chinese, Mainlander (Filipino/; Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin )—refers to any PRC citizens from mainland China (PRC), especially those of Han Chinese ethnicity with Chinese nationality that were raised in China (PRC). Taiwanese (Filipino/; Philippine Hokkien , Taiwanese Mandarin )—refers to ROC citizens from Taiwan (ROC), especially those of Han Chinese ethnicity with Republic of China (Taiwan) nationality that were raised in Taiwan (ROC). Hongkonger (Filipino/; Philippine Hokkien , Mandarin , Cantonese )—refers to people from Hong Kong, especially those of Han Chinese ethnicity with Hong Kong (SAR) residency or Hong Kong British National (Overseas) status that were born or raised in