or injury or providing care for the sick and injured." Limitations on rights (such as a cordon sanitaire) must be "strictly necessary," meaning that they must: respond to a pressing public or social need (health) proportionately pursue a legitimate aim (prevent the spread of infectious disease) be the least restrictive means required for achieving the purpose of the limitation be provided for and carried out in accordance with the law be neither arbitrary nor discriminatory only limit rights that are within the jurisdiction of the state seeking to impose the limitation. In addition, when a cordon sanitaire is imposed, public health ethics specify that: all restrictive actions must be well-supported by data and scientific evidence all information must be made available to the public all actions must be explained clearly to those whose rights are restricted and to the public all actions must be subject to regular review and reconsideration. Finally, the state is ethically obligated to guarantee that: infected people will not be threatened or abused basic needs such as food, water, medical care, and preventive care will be provided communication with loved ones and with caretakers will be permitted constraints on freedom will be applied equally, regardless of social considerations those who are affected will be compensated fairly for economic and material losses, including salary. In popular culture A cordon sanitaire was used as a plot device by Albert Camus in his 1947 novel The Plague. In the 1995 film Outbreak, an Ebola-like virus brought from Africa causes an epidemic in a small town in California, resulting in the United States Army forming a cordon sanitaire around the town. The 2002 film 28 Days Later depicts a cordon sanitaire imposed on Great Britain as a viral infection devastates the population. In The Last Town on Earth, a 2006 novel by Thomas Mullen, the town of Commonwealth, Washington in 1918 imposes a reverse cordon sanitaire to avoid the Spanish flu, however the disease is introduced by a wandering soldier. In the 2006 novel World War Z the nation of Israel imposes a reverse cordon sanitaire to keep zombies out. In the 2011 film Contagion, the city of Chicago is cordoned off to contain the spread of a meningoencephalitis virus. In the 2014 Belgian TV series Cordon, a cordon sanitaire is set up to contain an outbreak of avian influenza in Antwerp. In the 2016 television limited series Containment a