to be lower than present, with the direct implication that many coastal and lower riverine valley archaeological sites of interest are today under water. 18,000 BP Spotted Horses, Pech Merle cave, Dordogne, France are painted. Discovered in December, 1994. Ibex-headed spear-thrower, from Le Mas-d'Azil, Ariège, France, is made. It is now at Musée de la Préhistoire, Le Mas d'Azil. Mammoth-bone village in Mezhyrich, Ukraine is inhabited. 17,000 BP Spotted human hands are painted at Pech Merle cave, Dordogne, France. Discovered in December 1994. Oldest Dryas stadial. Hall of Bulls at Lascaux in France is painted. Discovered in 1940. Closed to the public in 1963. Bird-Headed man with bison and Rhinoceros, Lascaux, is painted. Lamp with ibex design, from La Mouthe cave, Dordogne, France, is made. It is now at Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Paintings in Cosquer Cave are made, where the cave mouth is now under water at Cap Margiou, France. 15,000 BP Bølling interstadial. Bison, Le Tuc d'Audoubert, Ariège, France. Paleo-Indians move across North America, then southward through Central America. Pregnant woman and deer (?), from Laugerie-Basse, France was made. It is now at Musée des Antiquités Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye. 14,000 BP Older Dryas stadial, Allerød interstadial. Paleo-Indians searched for big game near what is now the Hovenweep National Monument. Bison, on the ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain, is painted. Discovered in 1879. Accepted as authentic in 1902. Younger Dryas stadial. Beginning of the Holocene extinction. 12,000 BP Wooden buildings in South America (Chile). First pottery vessels in Japan. 11,000 BP First evidence of human settlement in Argentina. The Arlington Springs Man dies on the island of Santa Rosa, off the coast of California, United States. Human remains deposited in caves which are now located off the coast of Yucatán, Mexico. Creswellian culture settlement on Hengistbury Head, England, dates from around this year. 10,000 BP Evidence of a massacre near Lake Turkana, Kenya indicates upper paleolithic warfare. Cultures The Upper Paleolithic in the Franco-Cantabrian region: The Châtelperronian culture was located around central and south western France, and northern Spain. It appears to be derived from the Mousterian culture, and represents the period of overlap between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. This culture lasted from approximately 45,000 BP to 40,000 BP. The Aurignacian culture was located in Europe and south west Asia, and flourished between 43,000 and 26,000 BP. It may have been contemporary with the Périgordian (a contested