i.e. data, should be owned so that it is clear whose responsibility it is to protect and control access to that data. The following are examples of organizations that help strengthen and standardize computing security: The Trusted Computing Group is an organization that helps standardize computing security technologies. The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a proprietary international information security standard for organizations that handle cardholder information for the major debit, credit, prepaid, e-purse, automated teller machines, and point of sale cards. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) proposed by the European Commission will strengthen and unify data protection for individuals within the EU, whilst addressing the export of personal data outside the EU. See also Copy protection Cyber-security regulation Data-centric security Data erasure Data masking Data recovery Digital inheritance Disk encryption Comparison of disk encryption software Identity-based security Information security IT network assurance Pre-boot authentication Privacy engineering Privacy law Raz-Lee Security breach notification laws Single sign-on Smart card Tokenization Transparent data encryption USB flash drive security Notes and references External links Getting Ready for New Data Laws - Local Gov Magazine EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Countering ransomware attacks Data management