transitive verbs. The agent precedes the participle and is in the genitive case, much like its Finnish counterpart: áhči čállin reive – the letter written by the father Negative participle The negative participle is an adjective indicating an action that has not been done by or to something. It can be either active or passive in meaning. logakeahtẹs reive – unread letter jugakeahtẹs vuola – undrunk beer muitalkeahtẹs muitalus – untold story Action noun The action noun is a noun which indicates the action itself. It is not a verb form as such, but is often used in verbal constructions. Action inessive The action inessive (also called the "action essive") indicates "in (the process of)" or "while". It is used together with the copula leat to express a current, ongoing action, much like the English continuous. mánná lea oađđimin – the child is sleeping mun lean juhkamin vuola – I am drinking beer The action inessive originates in the inessive case of the action noun, a case which no longer exists for nouns in Northern Sámi. Action elative The action elative (also called the "action locative") indicates "from (the action of)". It is used to indicate the cessation of an action, but is also required idiomatically by certain verbs. mun vajálduhtin oađđimis – I forgot to sleep The action elative originates in the elative case of the action noun, a case which became the locative in regular nouns. Action comitative The action comitative indicates "through" or "by". It originates in the comitative case of the action noun. Purposive converb The purposive converb expresses "in order to". Simultaneous converb The simultaneous converb expresses that an action took place "during" or "while (doing)" another one. It is always accompanied by a possessive suffix. Negative converb The negative converb (also called the "verb abessive") expresses "without". Verb genitive The verb genitive is an adverbial form often used to indicate the way/method, accompanied by a verb of motion. It only exists for some verbs and is not very productive, so it is better considered a derivational form rather than an inflectional form. Supine The supine expresses "in order to". It is only used in western Northern Sámi dialects. Verbs with even inflection Verbs with odd inflection Verbs with contracted inflection Negative verb Northern Sámi, like other Uralic languages, has a negative verb that conjugates according to mood (indicative and imperative), person (1st, 2nd and