social security policy, members of the School faculty assisted Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins to write and implement the Social Security Act. During and after World War II, the School staff helped to extend the social work role into the military. The School's 1966 study on foster children and their parents has also had a major impact on national policy. The School has initiated many advances in social work education: requiring fieldwork instruction in social work education; pioneering psychiatric social work; and introducing the first curriculum on social work in the workplace. In 2003, the School began publishing the Journal of Student Social Work The Journal is a scholarly publication featuring articles related to all aspects of the social work profession, including clinical practice, public policy, and administration. In 2010 The Journal was renamed the Columbia Social Work Review and the Review launched its Volume I in the Spring of 2010. The Review is a yearly publication for students in the field of social work to share their research, experiences and views with faculty, fellow students, and the wider scholarly community. Over the years, the School has contributed numerous leaders in social work education. Its graduates hold thirty-nine deanships in schools of social work around the world. The School has been an active force in social change. It has been instrumental in forming coalitions to lead national movements for change, such as the Urban League and the White House Conferences on Children and Youth. The School was one of the first to develop an ecological approach to social work. Notable alumni and faculty Vera Shlakman (1909-2017), was a distinguished professor emerita and leftist economist who overcame political persecution and Antisemitism to return to teaching at CSSW. She earned her doctorate in economics from Columbia, where she wrote her dissertation on female factory workers in the 1800s. She would expand her analysis in her influential book Economic History of a Factory Town (1935), which provided a touchstone in the study of workplace conditions, family life, and relations between capital and labor. She was best known for her firing by Queens College in 1952 for refusing to testify to the McCarran Committee on whether she was a card-carrying Communist, as well as for their apology and restitution she received in 1982. Shirley Zussman (1914–2021), sex therapist Alfred J. Kahn (1918-2009), received the school's first doctorate granted in the field of social