cooking food to defrost frozen meat which would help ensure their survival in cold regions. Robert K. Wayne, a molecular biologist, has controversially claimed, based on a comparison of canine DNA, that dogs may have been first domesticated during the Middle Paleolithic around or even before 100,000 BCE. Sites Cave sites Western Europe Axlor, Spain Grotte de Spy, Spy, Belgium La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey Le Moustier, France—see also Mousterian Neandertal (valley), Germany Petralona, Greece Middle East and Africa Aterian, North Africa Bisitun Cave, Iran Daş Salahlı, Azerbaijan Wezmeh, Iran Open-air sites Biache-Saint-Vaast, France Maastricht-Belvédère, The Netherlands Veldwezelt-Hezerwater, Belgium See also Early human migrations Recent African origin of modern humans Timeline of human prehistory References External links Veldwezelt-Hezerwater Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology), Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research Pleistocene Prehistoric cannibalism sv:Paleolitikum#Mellanpaleolitikum