ko. When the subject of a sentence is a locative or name of a place, ia is also used as the particle in those particular, as well as other specific instances. The particle a is used before a person's name as well as the names of months and the particle a te is used before pronouns when these instances are following the prepositions i or ki. If describing a pronoun and using the preposition mai, the article that follows is ia te. Morphology There are four main classes of lexemes in the Tokelauan language, and are as follows: Noun - A lexeme formed directly after a determiner or possessive pronoun to create a noun phrase These can only function as nouns. Pronouns are a subset of nouns, so they cannot be combined with determiners. He loi - an ant Tona vaka - his canoe Verb - A lexeme that comes directly after a verbal particle and expresses tense or aspect. ka - future ka fano - will go koi - present continuous Koi ola - still alive A few lexemes are used only as a verb and do not attach to form a different phrase - ex. Galo = be lost, disappear Locative - A lexeme that forms directly after the preposition (i, ki, or mai), without an additional determiner luga - above lalo - beneath loto - inside Place names and months have some characteristics of locatives Small class of “other” lexemes that don't fit into the other three classes ananafi - yesterday āpō - yesterday ātaeao - tomorrow morning Majority of the lexemes can be used in both position 1 & 2, meaning they can function as nouns and verbs, depending on the context. Complements COMP:complementizer TA:tense/aspect The Tokulauan language makes use of complementizers pe, ke, oi, and ona. The complementizer pe is used for indicative complements, while ke, oi, and ona are used for non-indicative complements. Pe: Complement used in sentences pertaining to knowledge. Ke: Complement used in sentences pertaining to purpose. Ona: Complement used in sentences pertaining to “phasal, modal, and commentative predicates.” Oi: Complement used in sentences pertaining to items of sequence. The Tokelauan language also must take into mind the systematics of its complements. There is a bonding hierarchy between the complements and its sentences. According to Hooper's research, there are four elements that in Tokelauan semantics that determine the strength of the bond