characterized Buerger disease) Charles Drew (ground-breaking work in blood transfusions, blood storage, large-scale blood banks) Tom Frieden (Director of U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); New York City Health Commissioner) Oliver Wolcott Gibbs (chemist; known for performing first electrogravimetric analyses; National Academy of Sciences, President (also a founding member), 1895–1900) John Franklin Gray (pioneer in field of and first practitioner of homoeopathy in United States; also recognized as important medical reformer) Peter K. Gregersen (Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis in 2013) William Halsted (introduced several new operations, one of "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital) Jean Emily Henley (wrote the first widely used anesthesia textbook) Robert Lefkowitz (U.S. National Medal of Science, Shaw Prize, 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) Sean E. McCance (orthopedic surgeon) Walsh McDermott (infectious diseases and public health; pioneered the use of isoniazid to treat tuberculosis) David McDowell (psychiatrist, author, consultant) Jean Baker Miller (psychoanalyst, feminist, social activist, wrote Toward a New Psychology of Women (1976)) Dorothy Klenke Nash (first American woman neurosurgeon) Frederick F. Russell (Brigadier General; U.S. Army physician who developed the first successful typhoid vaccine in 1909; Public Welfare Medal) Benjamin Spock (pediatrician, wrote The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care) Albert Starr (2007 Lasker Award; cardiovascular surgeon; pioneer, inventor, Starr heart valve) Paul Stelzer (cardiothoracic surgeon) P. Roy Vagelos (president, CEO, chairman of pharmaceutical company Merck) Allen Whipple (Whipple procedure, Whipple's triad) Nobel laureates Baruch Samuel Blumberg Joshua Lederberg Robert J. Lefkowitz (best known for his work with G protein-coupled receptors for which he won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) Dickinson W. Richards Harold Varmus (Director, National Institutes of Health; Director, National Cancer Institute; President, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) Writers Jacob Appel (2004 William Faulkner – William Wisdom Creative Writing Competition) Robert Coles (Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, MacArthur Award "genius grant", Presidential Medal of Freedom, National Humanities Medal) Robin Cook (100 million+ copies of works in print) Jerome Groopman Walker Percy (National Book Award for Fiction, "Time 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005") John E. Sarno (originator of the diagnosis of psychosomatic condition, tension myositis syndrome) Others Other alumni include astronaut Story Musgrave, Olympic champion Jenny Thompson (twelve medals, including eight gold medals), former Afghan prime minister Abdul Zahir, mayor of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, California (2006–) Don Kurth, and philanthropists Theodore K. Lawless and Jean Shafiroff. George Fletcher Chandler served with the