vocabulary") existed in their diocese or religious order, 17% of the priests said "definitely", and 27% said "probably"; 53% of priests who were ordained in the last 20 years (1982–2002) affirmed such a subculture existed in the seminary when they attended. Shortly after the poll was published, the Vatican ordered an "apostolic visitation" to examine American seminaries. The visitation began in 2005, and the final report issued in 2008. The report spoke about "difficulties in the area of morality ... Usually, but not exclusively, this meant homosexual behavior." Steps were subsequently taken to deal with the issue, including correcting a "laxity of discipline". Germany In 2021 and 2022 several roman-catholic priests (Bernd Mönkebüscher, Frank Kribber, Stephan Schwab, Rainer Teuber, Norbert Lammers, Gabriel Zörnig, Dietmar Stipsitis, Armin Noppenberger, Burkhard Hose, Peter Reinl, Markus Fuhrmann, Marcu Gut, ...) outed themselves in action OutInChurch. Italy In March 2018 Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe, Archbishop of Naples, submitted a 1,200-page dossier to the Vatican that sought to identify 40 actively gay Catholic priests and seminarians across the country, after the list was compiled by a male escort called Francesco Mangiacapra. Homosexuality and the episcopacy A number of senior members of the clergy have been alleged to have engaged in homosexual activity. Archbishop Rembert Weakland, who retired in 2002, was alleged to have been in a relationship with a former graduate student; Juan Carlos Maccarone, the Bishop of Santiago del Estero in Argentina, retired in 2005 after video surfaced showing him engaged in homosexual acts; and Francisco Domingo Barbosa Da Silveira, the Bishop of Minas in Uruguay, resigned in 2009 after it was alleged that he had broken his vow of celibacy. Religious orders The General Chapter of the Dominican Order held in Caleruega in 1995 "affirmed that the same demands of chastity apply to all brethren of whatever sexual orientation, and so no one can be excluded on this ground." In February 2006, the president of the Religious Conference of Spain, Alejandro Fernández Barrajón declared that "[sexual and affective] maturity is what must be insisted on, when selecting candidates for priesthood or religious life. Conditioning persons on their sexual orientation is not evangelical. Jesus would not do so." As stated in the Acts of the General Chapter of Diffinitors of the Order of Friars Preachers meeting, the text read "Ö as a radical demand, the vow of chastity is equally binding on homosexuals and heterosexuals. Hence,