Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age, most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Causes Being small for gestational age is broadly either: Being constitutionally small, wherein the state is basically a genetic trait of the baby. Intrauterine growth restriction, also called "pathological SGA" Diagnosis The condition is determined by birth weight and/or length. A related condition, intrauterine growth restriction, is generally diagnosed by measuring the mother's uterus, with the fundal height being less than it should be for that stage of the pregnancy. If it is suspected, the mother will usually be sent for an ultrasound to confirm. Management Ninety percent of babies born SGA catch up in growth by the time they reach 2 years old. However, all SGA babies should be watched for signs of failure to thrive, hypoglycemia and other conditions common to SGA babies (see below). Hypoglycemia is common in asymmetrical SGA babies because their larger brains burn calories at a faster rate than their usually limited fat stores hold. Hypoglycemia is treated by frequent feedings and/or additions of cornstarch-based products (such as Duocal powder) to the feedings. For the 10 percent of those that are SGA without catchup growth by 2 years old, an endocrinologist should be consulted. Some cases warrant growth hormone therapy. There are some common conditions and disorders found in many that are SGA (and especially those that are SGA without catchup growth by 2 years old). They should be treated by the appropriate specialist: Gastroenterologist - for gastrointestinal issues such as: reflux and/or delayed gastric emptying Dietitian - to address caloric deficits. Dietitians are usually brought in for cases that include failure to thrive. Also, according to the theory of thrifty phenotype, causes of growth restriction also trigger epigenetic responses in the fetus that are otherwise activated in times of chronic food shortage. If the offspring actually develops in an environment rich in food it may be more prone to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes. Speech-language pathologist or occupational therapist - for feeding issues. Occupational therapists may also treat sensory issues Behaviorist - for feeding issues, a behavioral approach may also be used, but usually for older children (over 2) Allergist - to diagnose or rule out food allergies (not necessarily more common in those SGA than