the Deadly Necklace (1962), although intended to be an adaptation of The Valley of Fear, only minor elements of the story remained in the final film. Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear (1983), an animated film starring Peter O'Toole as the voice of Holmes. Television "The Case of the Pennsylvania Gun" (1954), an episode of the television series Sherlock Holmes (1954–1955) starring Ronald Howard as Holmes and Howard Marion-Crawford as Watson. "La valle della paura", episodes 1-2-3 of the Italian television series Sherlock Holmes (1968) starring Nando Gazzolo as Holmes and Gianni Bonagura as Watson. "The Crime Machine", an episode of the animated series Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century (1999–2001), with Jason Gray-Stanford voicing Holmes and John Payne voicing Watson. Despite the opening credits saying the episode is inspired by The Valley of Fear, there is actually no connection between the two. An episode of the puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes was loosely based on the story. "The Final Problem" (2017), the final episode of the 4th series of the BBC series Sherlock, makes a reference to Moriarty's brother being a station master, albeit switching the original role of railway station master for a broadcast station master. Radio The Valley of Fear was the only Sherlock Holmes story not adapted for the 1930s radio series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and was not adapted for radio until 1960. Radio adaptations of the story include: A 1960 BBC Home Service adaptation, dramatised by Michael Hardwick as part of the 1952–1969 radio series, starring Carleton Hobbs and Norman Shelley, and featuring Garard Green as Inspector Mason. A 1986 BBC Radio 4 adaptation starring Tim Pigott-Smith as Holmes and Andrew Hilton as Watson, with James Aubrey as Douglas and Edward de Souza as White Mason. Roy Apps adapted the story. A 1997 BBC adaptation by Bert Coules as part of the 1989–1998 radio series, starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson, and featuring Iain Glen as John Douglas/McMurdo, and Ronald Pickup as the narrator. A 2015 radio adaptation by M. J. Elliott in the American series The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Patrick Lowrie and Lawrence Albert, with Jeff Steitzer as Cecil Barker. Stage The Valley of Fear, a 2004 popular stage adaptation by Adrian Flynn for the Oxford Playscripts series, for amateur productions. The Valley of Fear, a 2022 stage adaptation by the Blackeyed Theatre