Province Ross Orogeny Cambrian tectonic convergence, continental collision and plate subduction led to the emplacement of calc-alkaline and adakitic granitoids. This period of mountain building is referred to as the Ross Orogeny. Volcanic history The Royal Society Range contains over 50 basaltic vents, ranging in size from tiny mounds to cinder cones up to 300 meters (985 feet) high. Dating of surface material indicates they were active earlier than 15 million years ago (e.g. Heald Island) and as recently as 80,000 years ago, with glacier-bound tephra layers suggesting even more recent Holocene activity. The vast majority of vents are located in the foothills of the Royal Society mountains just north of Koettlitz Glacier, and most are Quaternary in age. Most emanating flows are 3–10 meters thick and less than 4 kilometers long. The composition, with very few exceptions, is porphyritic basanite with primarily olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts, though some phenocrystic plagioclase is also present. Features Abbott Spur Allison Glacier Amphitheatre Glacier Anne Hill Auster Pass Ball Glacier Baronick Glacier Battleship Berry Spur Bindschadler Glacier Bishop Peak Boom Basin Borg Bastion Brandau Crater Bubble Spur Carleton Glacier Cathedral Rocks Chancellor Ridge Chaplains Tableland Columnar Valley Comberiate Glacier Copland Pass Covert Glacier Craw Ridge Dale Glacier Dot Cliff Dromedary Glacier Emmanuel Glacier Engebretson Peak Ferrar Glacier Fisher Bastion Fogle Peak Foster Glacier Frio Peak Frostbite Spine Harvey Summit Heke Peak Henderson Pyramid Highway Ridge Hofmann Spur Hooker Glacier Hooper Crags Horseshoe Crater Howchin Glacier Ibarra Peak Inan Peak Jezek Glacier Jigsaw Rock Gut Johns Hopkins Ridge Joseph Lister Kamb Glacier Kenney Nunatak Koettlitz Glacier Lava Tongue Pass Lettau Peak Lister Glacier Lower Jaw Glacier Maine Ridge Margaret Hill Matataua Glacier Mata Taua Peak McConchie Ridge McDermott Glacier McMurdo Dry Valleys Mitchell Glacier Mount Bockheim Mount Chiang Mount Cocks Mount Duvall Mount Essinger Mount Fuller Mount Hooker Mount Huggins Mount Huxle Mount Kempe Mount Lisicky Mount Lister Mount Mignone Mount Moxley Mount Rucker Mount Schwerdtfeger Mount Stearns Mount Windle Murcray Heights Murihau Peak Navajo Butte Pearsall Ridge Platform Spur Potter Glacier Poutini Peak Puke Toropa Mountain Radian Glacier Rampart Ridge Rester Peak Royal Society Rucker Ridge Rutgers Glacier Salient Glacier Salient Peak Salient Ridge Shupe Peak Skelton Glacier Skelton Névé Sladen Summit Solomon Glacier Solomon Saddle Sphinx Valley Spring Glacier Stoner Peak Tasman Ridge Terminus Mountain The Pimple Transit Ridge Tuati Peak Umran Inan Waiparahoaka Mountain Walcott Glacier Ward Glacier Ward Lake Wirdnam