for the Alta California government. The classic book Two Years Before the Mast (originally published 1840) by Richard Henry Dana, Jr. gives a good first-hand account of a two-year sailing ship sea trading voyage to Alta California which he took in 1834–1835. Dana mentions that they also took back a large shipment of California longhorn horns. Horns were used to make a large number of items during this period. California was not alone in using the import duty to pay for its government as the U.S. import tariffs at this time were also the way the United States paid for most of its Federal Government. A U.S. average tariff (also called custom duties and ad valorem taxes) of about 25% raised about 89% of all Federal income in 1850. Notable people The Californio population was 10,000 in 1845, estimated. Rosario E. Aguilar José Antonio Aguirre (early Californian) Pedro de Alberni Juan Bautista Alvarado, governor José María Alviso, grantee of Rancho Milpitas, Alcalde of San José Concepción Argüello Luis Antonio Arguello José Darío Argüello Santiago Arguello Santiago E. Arguello Avila family of California Arcadia Bandini, businesswoman and co-founder of Santa Monica, California Juan Bandini Berreyesa family, various early settlers holding land grants (between them, José de los Reyes Berreyesa) Diego de Borica Dionisio Botiller José Raimundo Carrillo José Antonio Carrillo María Ygnacia López de Carrillo, founder of Santa Rosa, California Guillermo Castro (soldier) José Castro, general of the Mexican army in Alta California Víctor Castro Gil Cisneros - His great-grandmother was born in Los Angeles in the early 19th century. Eulogio F. de Celis Joseph Chiles Antonio F. Coronel Ygnacio Coronel Leonardo Cota Pancho Daniel, bandit leader of "las Manillas" Manuel Dominguez Narciso Durán José María de Echeandía José Antonio Estudillo José Joaquín Estudillo José María Estudillo Jose Vicente Feliz José Figueroa José María Flores Juan Flores, bandit, member of "las Manillas" Myrtle Gonzalez, silent-era movie actress, descendant of Californios José de la Guerra y Noriega Angustias de la Guerra Ord Antonio Maria de la Guerra Pablo de la Guerra Francisco Guerrero (politician) Nicolás Gutiérrez Francisco de Haro William Edward Petty Hartnell, also known as Don Guillermo Arnel José Joaquin Jimeno Fermín Lasuén Robert Livermore, namesake of Livermore, California José del Carmen Lugo Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné Juan María Marrón Juan Prado Mesa Manuel Micheltorena Juana Briones de Miranda Esteban Munras – (1798–1850) was a 19th-century Spanish artist, probably best