better known for not depriving courts of their jurisdiction to declare a decision a nullity, even if a statute expressly prevents the decision being subject to judicial review. Further cases such as Bromley LBC v Greater London Council and Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service have sought to refine the doctrine. In Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council v Hazell the House of Lords held that interest rate swaps entered into by local authorities (a popular method of circumventing statutory restrictions on local authorities borrowing money at that time) were all and void, sparking a raft of satellite litigation. See also Judicial activism Judicial Review in English Law Mark Elliott (St Catharine's College, Cambridge proposes the modified doctrine for administrative law, placing it firmly in the correct constitutional setting. (The Ultra Vires Doctrine in a Constitutional Setting: Still the Central Principle of Administrative Law [1999] Cambridge Law Journal Vol. 58 129) Precedent Notes Robert W. Hamilton. The Law of Corporation 4th Edition, 1996 West Group Administrative law Latin legal terminology