income at the time of filing for bankruptcy. This has led some commentators to refer to the bankruptcy code's "current monthly income" as "presumed income". If the debtor's debt is not primarily consumer debt, then the means test is inapplicable. Thus, the means test is a formula designed to keep filers with higher incomes from filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. These filers may use Chapter 13 bankruptcy to repay a portion of their debts, but may not use Chapter 7 to wipe out their debts altogether. The bankruptcy means test is complex and the terms that govern many parts of it – including those terms that control whether it applies at all – are of unsettled definition. Other examples Other examples of means testing include Medifund in Singapore and Medical Cards in Ireland. Both are used in the healthcare sector. Australia uses a means test for its Age Pension. See also Entitlement Entitlement theory Social welfare Conditional cash transfer References External links U.S. Bankruptcy Courts information on means testing LSC (UK) means-tested eligibility calculator Welfare economics United States bankruptcy law Social security Welfare reform Poverty law