the era are rare and brief. In popular culture Allen Ginsberg refers to "Red Guards battling country workers in Nanking" in the first line of his poem "Returning North of Vortex," included in the collection The Fall of America: Poems of These States (1973). The Red Guard (1967), a Nick Carter spy novel, features scenes involving Red Guards in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution. In the book Son of the Revolution (1983), the protagonist, Liang Heng, becomes a Red Guard at age 12, despite the years of persecution he and his family received from them. In The Last Emperor (1987), the Red Guard appeared near the end of the film humiliating the prison warden who treated the Emperor of China, Puyi, kindly. Nien Cheng's memoir Life and Death in Shanghai (1987) describes Red Guard activities in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution. Jung Chang's autobiography, Wild Swans (1991), describes the atrocities committed by the Red Guards. In Farewell My Concubine (1993), the Red Guards humiliate Cheng Dieyi and Duan Xiaolou as they try to overthrow the old society. In the film The Blue Kite (1993), Tei Tou's classmates are shown wearing the red scarf of the red guards, and the film ends with the red guards denouncing his stepfather. The film To Live (1994) has the Red Guards appearing in a few scenes, showing their various types of activity. In the short The Red Violin, the eponymous violin is hurriedly hidden under the floor boards of a house. The Red Guards come, break in and forcibly confiscate the (empty) case and burn it. The violin survives, hidden, to continue its Odyssey. In Hong Kong, TVB and ATV often depicted the brutality of the Red Guards in films and television dramas. They are rarely portrayed in film and television programs produced in mainland China. The video game Command & Conquer: Generals misleadingly named the Chinese standard infantry unit the "Red Guard" which ensured the game's ban in China. Ji-li Jiang's Red Scarf Girl (1997) is a novel about the Cultural Revolution that prominently features the Red Guards. The protagonist often wishes she could become one. In his autobiography Gang of One, Fan Shen provides first hand accounts of his youth as a Red Guard. Li Cunxin makes repeated reference to the Red Guards in his autobiography, Mao's Last Dancer (2003). In the book Red Flower of China, Zhai Zhenhua recounts her time