year by all parties, except the Conservatives, to let all eligible conscientious objectors take up permanent residence. Stay of deportation On 22 September 2008, Hinzman and his family were granted a stay of deportation at the last minute by a Federal Court judge while the court decided whether to hear their appeal. The judge's decision would allow the family to remain in Toronto while the court decided whether to review a decision by Citizenship and Immigration officials not to let the Hinzmans remain in Canada on "humanitarian and compassionate grounds." (This was a distinctly separate legal effort from the refugee application and its accompanying Pre-Removal Risk Assessment.) At the hearing on that day, Hinzman's lawyer Alyssa Manning told Justice Richard Mosley that new evidence demonstrated that outspoken critics of the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 faced harsher treatment than other deserters. For example, she said, deserter Robin Long was sentenced to 15 months in prison the previous month after prosecutors made mention of a media interview he had given in Canada before he was deported in July. The issue of "differential" treatment for those who had spoken out against the U.S.-led invasion appeared to trouble Justice Mosley, who said: "I don't know how it is an aggravating feature or element to be introduced in sentencing." In his 3-page endorsement, Mosley said: "Based on the evidence and submissions before me, I am satisfied that the applicants would suffer irreparable harm if a stay were not granted pending determination of their leave application." In order to win the stay of deportation, Manning had to show that her client would suffer "irreparable harm," if returned to the United States as noted in Justice Mosley's quote above. Manning also argued that this legal criterion of "irreparable harm" were met in another way: the permanent loss of voting privileges in the country of one's residence (which accompanies the felony of desertion in the US) also constitutes "irreparable harm," Manning argued. Humanitarian and compassionate grounds On 10 February 2009, Federal Court Justice James Russell heard the appeal of the decision in the Hinzman family's "humanitarian and compassionate grounds" (H&C) application (not an appeal of their refugee claim). On April 24 that year, the judge upheld the negative decision in the Hinzmans' application. (His judgment was officially issued June 2.) However, this was appealed to the Canadian Federal Court of Appeal on 25 May 2010. On