schools which had been originally established primarily to work with blacks at Hampton, Tuskegee, and elsewhere evolved from their primary focus on industrial training, practical skills, and basic literacy, into institutions of higher education focused not only upon training teachers, but upon teaching diverse academic subjects. Many of those institutions evolved into fully accredited universities. Namesakes Armstrong High School in Richmond, Virginia, was named after Armstrong in 1909. Armstrong Manual Training School in Washington, DC was named for him in 1902. It was renamed Veterans High School in 1958, and then the Armstrong Adult Education Center in 1964. It currently hosts Friendship Armstrong Academy. US Army Fort Armstrong, (Hawaii) built just before World War I, was a coastal artillery battery guarding Honolulu harbor. Part of the land was used for the Prince Kuhio Federal Building. Other parts of Fort Armstrong became a container terminal for military supplies, which still uses the name. A building and alumni award for humanitarian contributions were named for him at Punahou School. Armstrong Hall (Science Building) at Tuskegee University was named after Armstrong in 1929. See also List of American Civil War generals (Union) References Engs, Robert Francis. Educating the Disfranchised and Disinherited: Samuel Chapman Armstrong and Hampton Institute, 1839–1893. University of Tennessee Press, 1999. 207 pp. Fear-Segal, Jacqueline. "Nineteenth-century Indian Education: Universalism Versus Evolutionism" Journal of American Studies 1999 33(2): 323-341. ISSN 0021-8758 External links 1839 births 1893 deaths People from Maui People from Hampton, Virginia Union Army colonels Educators from Virginia Hampton University people Punahou School alumni People of New York (state) in the American Civil War People of the Hawaiian Kingdom in the American Civil War