silent on whether those without such beliefs are also protected. The required beliefs include belief in a Supreme Being, and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. South Carolina (Article 17 Section 4) Tennessee (Article 9 Section 2) Texas (Article 1 Section 4) Some of these same states also specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God". In some cases, these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required also of jurors, witnesses in court, notaries public, and state employees. In the 1997 case of Silverman v. Campbell, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that the state constitution requiring an oath to God for employment in the public sector violated Article VI of the federal constitution, as well as the First and Fourteenth Amendments and therefore could not be enforced. References Article Six of the United States Constitution Clauses of the United States Constitution Religion and politics Freedom of religion in the United States Christianity and law in the 18th century