the World Bank Institute as well as the vice-presidency of external affairs. She was the first South African to hold this position. Ramphele serves as a trustee of the Nelson Mandela Foundation, and served as the director of The Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa (IDASA) and as a board member of the Anglo-American Corporation, non-executive director of Medi Clinic Holdings and Transnet. Ramphele also served as a trustee for The Link SA fund, a charitable organisation that raises money to subsidise the tertiary education of South Africa's brightest underprivileged students. She was on the board of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, an organisation that supports good governance and great leadership in Africa. She was voted 55th in the Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004. She is co-founder of ReimagineSA and in 2018 was voted co-president of The Club of Rome Politics In 2013, Ramphele expressed interest in returning to South African politics and resigned as the chairperson of Gold Fields. On 18 February 2013, she announced the formation of a new political party, named Agang South Africa (Agang is Northern Sotho for "Build"), intended to challenge the African National Congress. Some critics have challenged Ramphele's drawing on Steve Biko's legacy in her political campaigns. On 28 January 2014, Ramphele accepted an invitation from the Democratic Alliance to stand as their presidential candidate in the 2014 general election. On 31 January 2014, Ramphele issued a statement saying that she would not take up Democratic Alliance party membership and would remain the leader of Agang South Africa, resulting in confusion. On 2 February 2014, Helen Zille stated that Ramphele had reneged on her agreement to stand as the Democratic Alliance's presidential candidate. Ramphele subsequently apologised for the reversal of her decision, saying that the timing was not right as the reaction to it had shown people were unable to overcome race-based party politics. Agang South Africa won two seats in the National Assembly of South Africa. Following internal conflict within the party, Ramphele announced her withdrawal from politics on 8 July 2014. Honorary degrees and awards Ramphele has received twenty-three honorary degrees and numerous awards, including: Honorary doctorate at the International Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands, in 1997. Honorary Doctor of Law from the University of Cambridge in 2001. Honorary doctorate in humane letters from Hunter College of the City University of New York in 1984. Honorary