not push westward across Belgium into the French rear, confining themselves to eastern Belgium and that the Germans would not integrate reserve battalions into their front line units. The German advance across Belgium forced the French into hurried redeployments. German integration of reserve battalions also meant that the German extension across Belgium would not weaken the German centre as Joffre expected, "instead of encountering a weakened center in eastern Belgium... French forces struck large enemy units in strong defensive positions". Joffre's need to comply with the terms of the Franco-Russian alliance forced him to launch offensives into the Vosges, splitting his forces and weakening any possible offensive manoeuvre. Casualties In The World Crisis (1923–1931), Winston Churchill used data from French 1920 parliamentary records for French casualties from 5 August to 5 September 1914, which recorded wounded and missing. Churchill gave German casualties from August to November as and British casualties from August to September of By the end of August, the French Army had suffered of whom been killed on 22 August. French casualties for the first month of the war were which during the last four days of the Battle of the Frontiers. In 2009, Herwig recorded German casualties in the 6th Army for August of killed, along with in September, them killed. The 7th Army had in August, with killed and in September with killed. In the 1st Army in August there were including killed and in the 2nd Army In the last ten days of August, the 1st Army had and the 2nd Army had losses of Herwig wrote that the French army did not publish formal casualty lists but that the French Official History gave casualties of for August and September. Notes References Books Journals Further reading Books Journals Theses External links French Wikipedia article on Plan XVII First World War.com A map of the French and German war plans First World War.com French and German war plans Terence Holmes explains the inadequate German deployment for August 1914 France in World War I Military history of France Military history of Germany Military strategy Military plans