the guidelines are as follows: To differentiate gestational choriocarcinoma from other tumors such as lung or brain cancers, a genetic test is usually completed on top of a pathological diagnosis. DNA genotyping is a powerful tool that helps with the differentiation. The technique can accurately determine the time that it takes to develop the observed tumor and the type of index gestation, which includes term pregnancy, molar gestation, or non-molar abortion. Treatment Due to the susceptability of choriocarcinomas to chemotherapy, it is the first line treatment for this disease. Treatment course depends on the FIGO Scoring System for GTN, which has various prognostic factors, and categorizes based on low risk with a score of 0-6 and high risk with a score of 7 and above. Low risk Individuals with low risk GTN are usually treated with single agent chemotherapy, such as methotrexate and folinic acid (MTX/FA) or actinomycin D (ActD). Other treatment options for those with low risk include hysterectomy and surgical removal of the tumor if possible. High risk Those with high risk GTN receive a multi-agent chemotherapy regimen, usually consisting of a weekly rotation of etopside, methotrexate, and actinomycin D given one week and cyclophosphamide and vincristine given the following week, with variations to treatment occurring on a patient-specific basis. In individuals who relapse, secondary chemotherapy is needed where treatment may vary from the original regimen. The treatment includes a platinum-etopside combination given with other chemotherapy medications, such as methotrexate and actinomycin D (EMA-EP), bleomycin (BEP), or ifosfamide (VIP, ICE). Additional treatment also consists of surgery and radiotherapy if deemed appropriate for the individual. This condition can also result in resistance to the medications used to treat it and failure of their success in the individuals. If this occurs, individuals usually undergo a more intensive medication regimen than what was originally given to them. Immune checkpoint inhibitors New treatment options designed to reduce the risk of resistance are currently being researched, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Studies of gestational choriocarcinoma demonstrate an increased expression of the ligand PD-L1 and its corresponding receptor PD-1, leading to drug research and development into medications that can block the PD-1 receptor, such as Pembrolizumab. In individuals requiring more intensive chemotherapy options, using an immune checkpoint inhibitor may be preferable to long-term use of multi-agent chemotherapy to prevent prolonged toxicity to the body. Prognosis The survival rate following treatment with chemotherapy is approximately