substantially limiting the powers and autonomy of Congress and the judiciary. While clearly dictatorial, it was not intended to be completely totalitarian and repressive. It kept most social improvements of the previous constitution, and added more: The right to education, the right to culture preservation and guidelines for family rights, building on the Civil Code of 1917. On the other side, however, it heavily concentrated executive power: Political parties were dissolved. State "presidents" (elected) would be replaced by interventionists (appointed by the president of the republic). Mayors would in turn be appointed by the interventionists. Capital punishment was to be enforced on "traitors to the state" (a fairly broad category). All requirements for an outright dictatorship (censorship, purges, militarism, state propaganda, cult of personality and others) were either required, allowed or not forbidden by the constitution. Fifth Constitution (1946) Background When Vargas was forced to resign in 1945, a new constitution was written, once again by a directly elected Constitutional Congress. The Constitution This was the first Brazilian constitution to provide full political freedom (even the Brazilian Communist Party was made legal, though briefly) and the last to officially name the country Estados Unidos do Brazil (and the spelling of the country's name would change later that year). It was also the first with an additional "Act of Transitory Measures" (a set of laws that came into effect before the constitution itself and could not be changed). The key points of this constitution were: Restore all rights and freedoms as expressed by the 1934 Constitution which had been suppressed in 1937. Reducing the powers of the presidency. While it remained the key institution, numerous institutional safeguards were put in place to prevent a repeat of Vargas' authoritarian excesses. Establish full equality before the law. Created mechanisms to prevent and oppose religious prejudice and censorship (the latter with some exceptions regarding moral censorship of spectacles and public shows). Mentioned the right to postal privacy and the inviolability of homes (until then police could enter anyone's house without a permit). Improved federalism by extending the powers of the member states (for instance, it was the first time states were allowed to have flags and anthems). Although it was not the first time all adults were granted full political rights, it was under this constitution that the first free and fair elections were held at all levels and for all offices. Elections for