in the hundreds. He eventually would certify over eighty disciples as successors. Is that so? A well-known anecdote took place in this period: Death At the age of 83, Hakuin died in Hara, the same village in which he was born and which he had transformed into a center of Zen teaching. Written over a large calligraphic character 死 shi, meaning Death, he had written as his jisei (death poem): Teachings Post-satori practice Hakuin saw "deep compassion and commitment to help all sentient beings everywhere" as an indispensable part of the Buddhist path to awakening. Hakuin emphasized the need for "post-satori training", purifying the mind of karmic tendencies and The insight in the need of arousing bodhicitta formed Hakuin's final awakening: Koan practice Hakuin deeply believed that the most effective way for a student to achieve insight was through extensive meditation on a koan. Only with incessant investigation of his koan will a student be able to become one with the koan, and attain enlightenment. The psychological pressure and doubt that comes when one struggles with a koan is meant to create tension that leads to awakening. Hakuin called this the "great doubt", writing, "At the bottom of great doubt lies great awakening. If you doubt fully, you will awaken fully". Hakuin used a fivefold classification system: 1. Hosshin, dharma-body koans, are used to awaken the first insight into sunyata. They reveal the dharmakaya, or Fundamental. They introduce "the undifferentiated and the unconditional". 2. Kikan, dynamic action koans, help to understand the phenomenal world as seen from the awakened point of view; Where hosshin koans represent tai, substance, kikan koans represent yu, function. 3. Gonsen, explication of word koans, aid to the understanding of the recorded sayings of the old masters. They show how the Fundamental, though not depending on words, is nevertheless expressed in words, without getting stuck to words. 4. Hachi Nanto, eight "difficult to pass" koans. There are various explanations for this category, one being that these koans cut off clinging to the previous attainment. They create another Great Doubt, which shatters the self attained through satori. It is uncertain which are exactly those eight koans. Hori gives various sources, which altogether give ten hachi nanto koans. 5. Goi jujukin koans, the Five Ranks of Tozan and the Ten Grave Precepts. Hakuin's emphasis on koan practice had a strong influence in the Japanese Rinzai-school. In the system