(原田 正道), Eshin Nishimura (西村 惠信; born 1933), Keidō Fukushima (福島 慶道, 1933 – 2011) and D.T. Suzuki (鈴木 大拙 貞太郎, 1870–1966). Literary Sources Rinzai is a Mahayana Buddhist tradition which draws from the various Indian Mahayana sutras (like the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra) and shastras (treatises) of the Indian masters. Apart from this, Rinzai also closely studies the works of the Chinese Chan tradition, particularly that of the masters of the Linji school like Linji Yixuan (d. 866) and Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163) and various traditional records of that school, like the Transmission of the Lamp, and the Línjì yǔlù (臨濟語錄; Jp: Rinzai-goroku, the Record of Linji). Important Japanese sources of the Rinzai school include the works of Hakuin Ekaku and his student Tōrei Enji. Torei's Undying Lamp of Zen (Shūmon mujintō ron) presents a comprehensive Rinzai path as it existed at the time of Hakuin and is a major source for Rinzai Zen practice. A more modern overview of Japanese Rinzai praxis is Omori Sogen's Sanzen Nyumon (An Introduction to Zen Training). Practice Rinzai Zen is marked by the emphasis it places on kenshō (見性, "seeing one's true nature" or "to see clearly into the buddha-nature") as the gateway to authentic Buddhist practice. Rinzai also stresses the importance of post-kensho spiritual training which allows one to actualize awakening and embody it for the benefit of all beings. Another central element of Rinzai Zen practice is the student's relationship with a Zen teacher, which includes the formal practice of sanzen, a private interview between student and master and the various methods of "direct pointing" which are used by Rinzai masters to guide the student to the experience of kensho. Formal Rinzai training focuses on zazen (seated meditation). Various practices such as different forms of breath meditation (such as breath counting, diaphragmatic breathing and tanden breath cultivation), kōan introspection, wato, and mantra practice (such as using the mantric syllable Ah) are used in zazen. Various other non-seated practices like walking meditation (Jp. kinhin), ōryōki (a meditative meal practice), and samu (physical work done with mindfulness) are a part of rinzai zen cultivation. The practicing of chanting (okyo) Buddhist sutras or dharanis is also a major element of Rinzai practice. When engaged in formal zazen, kōans are a common object of meditation, while shikantaza ("just sitting") is less emphasized in rinzai, but still used. This contrasts with Sōtō practice, which