principle is codified in international instruments such as the UNIDROIT Principles and the Principles of European Contract Law, and in some examples of national law: in United Kingdom law, with respect to consumer contracts, under Section 69 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015, which states "If a term in a consumer contract, or a consumer notice, could have different meanings, the meaning that is most favourable to the consumer is to prevail". in the Brazilian Civil Code, which states that any legal transaction should be interpreted in a way that benefits the party who did not write the terms (article 113, § 1º, IV). California Civil Code §1654, enacted in 1872, states "In cases of uncertainty ... the language of a contract should be interpreted most strongly against the party who caused the uncertainty to exist") Numerous other states have also codified the rule. References Further reading Oxonica Energy Ltd v Neuftec Ltd (2008) EWHC 2127 (Pat), items 88–93 (example where the contra proferentem principle was "not adequate enough to supply the answer to the case", with a discussion of the origin of the maxim) Péter Cserne, Policy Considerations In Contract Interpretation: The Contra Proferentem Rule From a Comparative Law and Economics Perspective, Hungarian Association for Law and Economics, 2007 (pdf) (including a list of references relating to the contra proferentem principle) Contract law Legal rules with Latin names Legal doctrines and principles