numbers (1806), and a machine for making quill pen nibs (1809). He also patented the first extrusion process for making lead pipes and also machinery for making gun stocks (Patent No. 2652). His greatest contribution to engineering was his insistence on quality control. He realised that for engines to succeed, they would have to be machined to a much better standard than was the practice. He taught the Cornish engineer Arthur Woolf to machine engines to a close tolerance. This enabled Cornish engines to run with high-pressure steam, vastly increasing their output. Woolf became the leading Cornish steam engineer and his designs were adopted by all the engine designers of the day. The 15-HP engines of Watt and others of circa 1800 gave way to 450-HP engines by 1835. Bramah can be viewed as a founding father in industrial quality control. Death and legacy One of Bramah's last inventions was a hydrostatic press capable of uprooting trees. This was put to work at Holt Forest in Hampshire. While superintending this work Bramah caught a cold, which developed into pneumonia. He died at Holt Forest on 9 December 1814. He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary's, Paddington. The Brazilian Brahma beer brand is named for him. In 2006, a pub in Barnsley town centre was opened named the Joseph Bramah in his memory. Patents Bramah was a prolific inventor, and obtained 18 patents for his designs between 1778 and 1812. 1778 Flushing toilet (Pat. No. 1177) 21 August 1784 Bramah lock (Pat. No. 1430) 9 May 1785 Beer pump 1785 Hydrostatical machine and boiler, propelling vessels, carriages, etc. (Pat. No. 1478) 1790 Rotary engines (with Thomas Dickinson) (Pat. No. 1720) 1793 Fire engines (Pat. No. 1948) Beer engines and brewing (Pat. No. 2196) 1795 Hydraulic press (Pat. No. 2045) 1796 First Pumper Fire Truck 1798 Locks (Pat. No. 2232) 1802 A planing machine for making gun stocks (Pat. No. 2652) 1805 Improvements to paper manufacture and printing (Pat. No. 2840) 1806 Printing and numbering of banknotes (Pat. No. 2957) Improvements to paper manufacture and printing (Pat. No. 2977) 1809 Pens (Pat. No. 3260) Carriages (Pat. No. 3270) 1812 Public water mains and high-pressure hydraulic mains (Pat. No. 3611) Carriages (Pat. No. 3616) References Bibliography Spear, Brian. "Joseph Brahmah–Engineer, inventor and prolific patentee." World Patent Information 40 (2015): 51-53. External links Bramah.co.uk Hygra.com Crypto.com Pioneers.historians.co.uk Localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk Oxforddnb.com Mr. Bramah's Patent