opposed. Eventually the complications resulted in the treaty avoiding any mention of the matter. For Spain there was hope that England would eventually secure tolerance for Catholics but the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 destroyed any possibility of this. The resulting anti-Catholic backlash following the discovery of the plot put to rest Protestant fears that a peace with Spain would ultimately mean an invasion by Jesuits and Catholic sympathisers, as the Elizabethan recusancy laws were rigidly enforced by Parliament. England and Spain remained at peace until 1625. See also Anglo-Spanish War (1625–30) European wars of religion Notes Further reading Charles Beem, The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I (2011) excerpt and text search Peter Earle The Last Fight of the Revenge (London, 2004) Winston Graham The Spanish Armadas (reprint 2001) Jonathan I. Israel. Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries, and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713 (1997) 420pp 16th-century conflicts 17th-century conflicts England–Spain relations Spain–United Kingdom military relations Wars involving England Wars involving Spain