prayers are erroneously attributed to Judah; e.g., Zunz wrongly ascribes to him the alphabetical teḥinnah Ezkera Yom Moti. He wrote also commentaries on several parts of the daily prayers and on the Maḥzor. Judah collected the notes of travel of his fellow citizen Petachiah of Regensburg, though incompletely and without any order. His chief literary work was an ethical and mystical one. Undoubtedly genuine is his Sefer HaKavod, which is mentioned by his pupils. Although there is some doubt, it is generally accepted that the person who wrote ethical will Tzava'at Rabbi Yehudah Hechasid, printed in 1583 and translated into Judæo-German, Prague, seventeenth to eighteenth century was Harav Yehuda HeChasid Shapiro. This testament contained regulations regarding the dead (§§ 1-15), the building of houses (§§ 16-21), matrimony (§§ 22-32), prohibited marriages between stepbrothers and stepsisters and between cousins, and various customs and superstitious prescriptions (§§ 33-end). He was also a student, of one of the authors of Tosafot, and was the teacher of the Maharam of Rothenburg. He also taught Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (author of Or Zarua) and Moses ben Jacob of Coucy (author of Semag). Some say all the items in the will were written through Ruach hakodesh. Some commentaries go so far as to say that none of the Biblical prophets came to his level. Many people are very careful with all the items listed in the will. Some say one who is not careful with the items in the tzavaah will have to give a din and cheshbon (account). The reason why the will is generally not really brought in Shulchan Aruch is because the dangers mentioned in the Shulchan Aruch and Gemarah are real dangers, while the items in the will are not real dangers, but things which one must distance himself from. There are also ascribed to Judah an astrological work, Gemaṭriot, handed down by his pupils and seen by Azulai, and Sefer ha-Ḥokhmah, on prayers and customs and the writing of scrolls of the Law. Sefer Hasidim The principal work with which Judah's name is connected is Sefer Hasidim. The book contains ethical, ascetic, and mystical teachings, intermingled with elements of German popular belief. Sefer Hasidim is not a uniform work, nor is it the product of one author. Parts of it have been attributed to Samuel of Speyer and Eleazar of Worms, as well as to Judah himself. Mysticism The precise