for right-handed players. Open stanceWhen a player's front foot is drawn backwards further from the target line. Used to fade the ball or to prevent a hook. Outside agent Any agent not part of the match or, in stroke play, not part of the competitor's side. Referees, markers, observers, and fore-caddies are outside agents. Wind and water are not outside agents. Outward nine Refers to the first nine holes, so named as links golf courses were set up where the first nine holes went "out" away from the clubhouse. Out-of-bounds The area designated as being outside the boundaries of the course. When a shot lands "O.B.", the player "loses stroke and distance", meaning that the player must hit another shot from the original spot and is assessed a one-stroke penalty. Out-of-bounds areas are usually indicated by white posts. As an example, if a player's first shot from the tee comes to rest out of bounds, a one stroke penalty is assessed and the player then plays the third shot from the tee. Overlapping grip See Vardon grip P Pace The speed at which a putt must be struck to get to the hole. Pace and break are the two components of green-reading. Par Standard score for a hole (defined by its length) or a course (sum of all the holes' pars). Penal A type of golf hole design where the player has little choice in the shots required to make par at the hole. Failure to execute these shots successfully is punished by severe hazards. Compare with Strategic. Perfect round Having scored a birdie or better on all 18 holes of a round. PGA Any Professional Golfers' Association, for example the Professional Golfers' Association of America. PGA Tour The organizer of the main male professional golf tours in the United States and North America. PGA Tour Champions A tour for male golfers age 50 and over, held mostly in the U.S., operated by the PGA Tour. Pin Slang for flag-stick. Pick Up When the golf ball is picked up before finishing the hole. Pin-high Refers to a ball on the green that is positioned along an imaginary horizontal line through the hole and across the width of the green. Pitch A short shot (typically from within 50 yards or meters), usually played with a higher lofted club and made using a less than full swing, that is intended to flight