which also featured underfloor heating. Contemporary domestic orangeries are also typically built using stone, brick, and hardwood, but developments in glass, other materials, and insulation technologies have produced viable alternatives to traditional construction. The main difference with a conservatory is in the construction of its roof – a conservatory will have more than 75 per cent of its roof glazed, while an orangery will have less than 75 per cent glazed. Domestic orangeries also typically feature a roof lantern. Improved design and insulation has also led to an increasing number of orangeries that are not built facing south, instead using light maximising techniques to make the most of available natural sunlight. Early orangeries The first examples were basic constructions and could be removed during summer. Notably not only noblemen but also wealthy merchants, e.g., those of Nuremberg, used to cultivate citrus plants in orangeries. Some orangeries were built using the garden wall as the main wall of the new orangery, but as orangeries became more and more popular they started to become more and more influenced by garden designers and architects, which led to the connection between the house and architectural orangery design. This became further influenced by the increased demand for beautiful exotic plants in the garden, which could be grown and looked after in the orangeries. This created the increased demand in garden design for the wealthy to have their own exotic private gardens, further fuelling the status of the orangery becoming even more the symbol of the elite. This in turn created the need for orangeries to be constructed using even better techniques such as underfloor heating and the ability to have opening windows in the roofs for ventilation. Creating microclimates for the propagation of more and more exotic plants for the private gardens that were becoming creations of beauty all around Europe. Continental Europe Austria Belvedere, Vienna Schönbrunn, Vienna France Versailles Orangerie, in the gardens of the Palace of Versailles Strasbourg, park of the Orangerie Tuileries: Orangerie in the Tuileries Gardens, Paris Belgium Laeken, Orangerie of the Royal Castle of Laeken (ca. 1820) Germany Weimar, Belvedere Orangerie Düsseldorf-Benrath, Orangerie Fulda, Orangerie Gera, Orangery and "Küchengarten" Hanover, a part of the Herrenhausen Gardens Ingolstadt, Orangerie in Harderstraße 10 Kassel, Orangerie Oldenburg, Cactus House Philippsthal, Orangerie Potsdam, Orangery Palace Schwerin, Schwerin Castle, Orangerie Bronnbach abbey in Wertheim am Main Italy Palace of Venaria, Citroneria (en: Orangery, built by