of "Chicago" and "Iraq"controversially compares the city (given its crime rates) to war-torn Iraq. Chuck Goudie, a reporter for ABC7 Chicago, asserted that the nickname is based on a single misleading Iraq War statistic: from 2003 to 2012, 4,265 people were killed in Chicago, nearly equal to the number of U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq in the same period. The statistic omits civilian deaths in Iraq, which dramatically raises its death toll. The origin of the nickname is not definitive, but saw increasing popularity in usage around the end of the Iraq War. For example, Spike Lee used the nickname as the title of his 2015 film, Lil Reese used it in his 2013 song "Traffic", and Urban Dictionary added it as an entry in 2012. City in a Garden In the 1830s, the government of Chicago adopted the motto "", a Latin term that translates to 'City in a Garden'. It is displayed in the city's seal. The Chicago Park District adopted a seal in 1934 that contains the Latin phrase , meaning 'Garden in a City'. Great Commercial Tree "Great Commercial Tree" comes from the lyrics of the state anthem of Illinois: "... Till upon the inland sea, stands thy great commercial tree..." Other nicknames "Mud City" – possibly the oldest nickname for the city, referring to the fact that the terrain of the city used to be a mud flat "City by the Lake" – used as early as the 1890s "The City that Works" – slogan from Richard J. Daley's tenure as mayor, describing Chicago as a blue-collar, hard-working city, which ran relatively smoothly "Heart of America" – Chicago is one of the largest transportation centers in America, and its location was once near the center of the United States. "The Great American City" – taken from Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Norman Mailer's book Miami and the Siege of Chicago (1968): "Chicago is the great American city ... perhaps [the last] of the great American cities"; "the notion that Chicago is arguably the most quintessential American city" was central to Robert J. Sampson's landmark research on communities, criminology, and urban sociology, Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect (2012) "The City Beautiful" – reference to the eponymous reform movement sparked by the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, used by Hawk Harrelson when the Chicago White Sox open a game at U.S. Cellular Field "The City"