used by political organizations, notably Podemos, in Spain. Examples of tools and platforms include the following: Loomio Reddit Appgree Agora Voting See also Community of practice Computer-supported collaborative learning Network of practice Online ethnography Online participation Virtual community Virtual team Virtual volunteering Notes References Ackerman, & G. Mark, (Eds.), Proceedings of GROUP International Conference on Supporting Group Work. (pp. 11–20). New York: ACM Press. Bryant, S. L., Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. (2005). Becoming Wikipedian: transformation of participation in a collaborative online encyclopledia. In K. Schmidt, M. Pendergast, M. Etzioni, A., & Etzioni, O. (1999). Face-to-face and computer-mediated communities, A comparative analysis. The Information Society, 15, 241–248. Kim, A.J. (2004). "Emergent Purpose." Musings of a Social Architect. January 24, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2006 Murillo, E. (2006). Searching for virtual communities of practice in the Usenet discussion network: combining quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the constructs of Wenger's theory. PhD thesis. University of Bradford. Murillo, E. (2008). Searching Usenet for virtual Communities of Practice: using mixed methods to identify the constructs of Wenger's theory. Information Research, 13(4) paper 386. Preece, J. & Maloney-Krichmar, D. (2003) Online Communities: Focusing on Sociability and Usability. In J. Jacko and A. Sears, A. (Eds.), The human-computer interaction handbook (pp. 596–620).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Zarb, M.P (2006). Modelling Participation in Virtual Communities-of-Practice. LSE MSc ADMIS Dissertation: Distinction, Accessed from https://lse.academia.edu. External links ( A critical review of virtual CoPs ) Where is the Action in Virtual Communities of Practice? Another critical review of virtual CoPs Communities of Practice: Going Virtual Distributed Design Teams as Communities of Practice Virtual Communities of Practice: Differentiated Consequences for Individuals in Two Organisational Contexts Knowledge Networking: Structure and Performance in Networks of Practice Zarb, M.P (2006). Modelling Participation in Virtual Communities-of-Practice DARnet wiki - Action Research with Distributed Communities of Practice Types of communities