schools use Urdu, but private schools have English as medium of instruction. English was made medium of instruction in 18 colleges in 2008. Government of the Punjab Notification No. PS/SSE/Misc/2009/176 dated 18-09-2009 required for the subjects of science and mathematics to be taught in English in each school. In Taiwan, Standard Chinese is used as the medium of instruction in most schools, with more Taiwanese Hokkien presence in schools in recent years. South East Asia In the Philippines, English is the primary medium of instruction from preschool to university, except in the Philippine history and Filipino language subjects, in which Filipino is used. Recently, regional languages have been introduced as the medium of instruction in public schools for grades K–3 as part of the Department of Education's mother tongue-based education policy. In Singapore, in pre-schools children learn in two languages: English and a mother tongue: Chinese, Malay or Tamil. The medium of instruction is English in all schools following the national curriculum except in "mother-tongue" subjects. International and private schools may use other languages. See also Special Assistance Plan. In Indonesia, Indonesian is the medium in most schools, including universities. In Cambodia, Khmer is the medium in most schools, including universities. In Vietnam, Vietnamese is the medium in most schools, including universities. In Thailand, Thai is the medium in most schools, including universities. In Laos, Lao is the medium in most schools, including universities. In Malaysia, Malay is the medium of instruction in most schools. However, there are also Chinese and Indian schools serving the respective communities, which are allowed to use Mandarin and Tamil respectively as a medium of instruction, but Malay is still required to be taught as a subject. English-medium schools were present during the colonial period but were slowly phased out after independence. Today, all the former English-medium schools have since been converted to Malay-medium schools. Nevertheless, English continues to be a compulsory subject in all Malaysian schools. Australia and Oceania In Australia, most schools use English. However, in the State of Victoria (known for its many Greek and Italian settlers), there are a number of schools that teach in Greek and Italian. A few schools also teach in French, Chinese, Arabic and Japanese. In New Zealand, English is used in many schools, but more and more kohanga reo (kindergarten) and kura kaupapa (primary and secondary school) are using Māori instead. In Vanuatu, English and French