and Cantonese pop songs, many young Chaoshan peoples can understand quite a lot of Cantonese even if they cannot speak it with much fluency. Hmong-Mien languages In the mountainous area of Fenghuang (), the She language, an endangered Hmong–Mien language, is spoken by the She people, who are an officially recognised non-Han ethnic minority. They predominantly speak Hakka (Shehua) and Teochew; only about 1,000 She still speak their eponymous language. Thai The majority of Thai Chinese are Teochew; Teochew is known to have provided a number of loanwords into Thai: . Khmer (Cambodian) The majority of Chinese Cambodians are Teochew; Teochew is known to have provided a number of loanwords into Khmer. Cambodian Teochew also incorporates a number of loanwords from Khmer, including a function word pi (). Phonetics and phonology Consonants Teochew, like other Southern Min varieties, is one of the few modern Sinitic languages which have voiced obstruents (stops, fricatives and affricates); however, unlike Wu and Xiang Chinese, the Teochew voiced stops and fricatives did not evolve from Middle Chinese voiced obstruents, but from nasals. The voiced stops and and also are voicelessly prenasalised , , , respectively. The voiced affricate , initial in such words as 字 (dzi˩), 二 (dzi˧˥), 然 (dziaŋ˥), 若 (dziak˦) loses its affricate property with some younger speakers abroad, and is relaxed to [z]. Southern Min dialects and varieties are typified by a lack of labiodentals, as illustrated below: Syllables Syllables in Teochew contain an onset consonant, a medial glide, a nucleus, usually in the form of a vowel, but can also be occupied by a syllabic consonant like [ŋ], and a final consonant. All the elements of the syllable except for the nucleus are optional, which means a vowel or a syllabic consonant alone can stand as a fully-fledged syllable. Onsets All the consonants except for the glottal stop ʔ shown in the consonants chart above can act as the onset of a syllable; however, the onset position is not obligatorily occupied. Finals Teochew finals consist maximally of a medial, nucleus and coda. The medial can be i or u, the nucleus can be a monophthong or diphthong, and the coda can be a nasal or a stop. A syllable must consist minimally of a vowel nucleus or syllabic nasal. Tones Citation tones Teochew, like other Chinese varieties, is a tonal language. It has a set of eight distinct sounds, but only