which are able to produce a loaf in under an hour. Some breadmakers sold in the 1990s had vertical pans, some horizontal. Today, the vast majority available retail make horizontal loaves. For that reason, they produce a smaller, shorter loaf than their predecessors. It is more difficult to mix a long, horizontal loaf because the ends are distant from the mixer-paddle and gravity does not assist the distribution of the dough. Some machines attempt a better kneading by using two paddles, one at each end. The vertical loaf machine may require a higher powered motor, because the entire mass of the dough-ball is on the paddle as it kneads the dough against the nearby sides of the loaf-pan. See also Convenience cooking Panettone Pullman loaf, bread baked in a narrow, lidded pan, that produces square slices of bread, Sliced bread Rotimatic References External links Bread Machine at the Open Directory Project Cooking appliances Breads Baking Products introduced in 1986 Japanese inventions