meant that three computers were effectively in operation in 2009. Both computers were decommissioned in June 2015 and replaced by JURECA. HPC-FF – A computer built by Bull for fusion research with 1080 cluster nodes, each with two Xeon quad-core processors (Xeon X5570, 2.93 GHz). JuRoPA was built by Sun with 4416 Xeon X5570 processors (2208 processor nodes). JUQUEEN (2012) The supercomputer known as JUQUEEN went into operation in 2012. It has a peak performance of 5.9 petaflop/s and was Europe’s fastest supercomputer at the time of its inauguration. Institutes Ernst-Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C): Physics of Nanoscale Systems (ER-C-1/PPGI-5) Materials Science and Technology (ER-C-2) Structural Biology (ER-C-3) Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS): Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) Quantum Theory of Materials (PGI-1/IAS-1) Theoretical Physics of Living Matter and Biophysics (IBI-5/IAS-2) Theoretical Nanoelectronics (PGI-2/IAS-3) Theory of the Strong Interactions (IAS-4/IKP-3) Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9) Theoretical Neuroscience (IAS-6/INM-6) Civil Safety Research (IAS-7) Data Analytics and Machine Learning (IAS-8) Materials Data Science and Informatics (IAS-9) Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG): Biotechnology (IBG-1) Plant Sciences (IBG-2) Agrosphere (IBG-3) Bioinformatics (IBG-4) Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI): Molecular and Cellular Physiology (IBI-1) Mechanobiology (IBI-2) Bioelectronics (IBI-3) Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI-4) Theoretical Physics of Living Matter and Biophysics (IBI-5/IAS-2) Cellular Structural Biology (IBI-6) Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7) Neutron Scattering and Biological Matter (JCNS-1/IBI-8) Technical Services and Administration (IBI-TA) Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK): Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1) Microstructure and Properties of Materials (IEK-2) Techno-Economic Systems Analysis (IEK-3) Plasma Physics (IEK-4) Photovoltaics (IEK-5) Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6) Stratosphere (IEK-7) Troposphere (IEK-8) Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10) Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE) Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11/HI ERN) Helmholtz Institute Münster (IEK-12/HI MS) Theory and Computation of Energy Materials (IEK-13) Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14) Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM): Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain (INM-1) Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2) Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3) Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4) Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5) Computational and Systems Neuroscience (INM-6) Brain and Behaviour (INM-7) Ethics of Neuroscience (INM-8) Computational Biomedicine (INM-9/IAS-5) JARA Institute Brain structure-function relationships (INM-10) JARA Institute Molecular neuroscience and neuroimaging (INM-11) Institute for Sustainable Hydrogen Economy (INW) Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS): Neutron Scattering and Biological Matter (JCNS-1/IBI-8) Quantum Materials and Collective Phenomena (JCNS-2/PGI-4) Neutron Analytics for Energy Research (JCNS-3) Neutron Methods (JCNS-4) Technical Services and Administration (PGI-TA/JCNS-TA) Nuclear Physics Institute