of certain melds, pairs and bonus tiles winner adds additional basic points for obtaining mahjong, and possibly for completing his hand in various special ways (for example, getting his last tile from the wall) each player doubles his basic points one or more times based on possession of certain rarer melds or combinations of melds (for example a set of the prevailing wind tiles) winner doubles his basic points one or more times based on his hand forming certain rarer patterns (for example, composed entirely of honour tiles) or being completed in a special way (for example, robbing an exposed kong) The winner collects his total points from each of the three losers. The losers pay each other the difference in their points. East pays or receives double amounts in his transactions. Various "Special Limit" hands exist which, if obtained (which is unlikely), give the holder the maximum permitted amount (the limit) of points for his hand. Taiwanese scoring Unlike Hong Kong scoring, Taiwanese scoring employs a linear relationship between tai (台) (points in the Taiwanese system) and chips. When a win occurs in Taiwanese Mahjong, the number of tai of the winning hand is multiplied by a factor and then added to a base score. For example, if the base and factor are 3 and 2, respectively, then the loser to a 5-tai hand pays the winner 13 (3+2×5). The Taiwanese system follows a different payment procedure from the standard procedure mentioned earlier: In the case where a player wins by a discard (a player picks off an opponent), the player who performs the discard pays each winner (there may be more than one). In the case where a player wins by a draw (a player wins by self-pick), each player except the winner pays the winner. When the dealer is involved in either the winning or losing side of a hand, extra tai (one plus twice the number of times the dealer has consecutively retained the dealership) are added to the dealer's winnings or losses. Shanghai scoring In contrast, the scoring system used in the Shanghai variant is high due to the diverse number of scoring criteria and inflated values for rarer hands such as the thirteen terminals. Because of the inflated point values, there is generally a minimum point value in the Shanghai variant. Singaporean scoring Singaporean scoring is similar to that of the Chinese Classical system