ensure that only soldiers were attacked. Trotha's methods caused a public outcry which led the Imperial Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow to ask William II, German Emperor, to relieve Trotha of his command. This, however, was too late to help the Herero, as the few survivors had been herded into concentration camps and used as labour for German businesses, where many died of overwork, malnutrition or disease. Prior to the uprisings, there were estimated to be 80,000 Herero. The 1911 census records 15,000. Trotha's troops also routed the Nama. On 22 April 1905 he sent a message to the Nama, suggesting they surrender, and mentioning the fate of the Herero. Approximately 10,000 Nama died during the fighting, the remaining 9,000 were confined to concentration camps. On 2 November 1905, Trotha was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his services in Africa. 17 days later, Lothar von Trotha returned to Germany, and was retired in the next year. In 1910 he was given the character of a General of the Infantry. Trotha died of typhoid fever (bilious fever) on 31 March 1920 in Bonn. Legacy In 1933, the Nazi authorities had named a street in Munich as "von Trotha Straße". In 2006 the Munich city council officially decided to change the name of this street to "Herero Straße" in honour of the general's victims. Otjiwarongo, Namibia has a street named after von Trotha, since "long before independence". In 2016, calls to rename this street surfaced, and the municipality promised to initiate the renaming in 2017. As General von Trotha has no living descendants, some of his distant relations traveled to Omaruru in October 2007 by invitation of the local Herero chiefs and publicly apologised for his actions. Wolf-Thilo von Trotha, a member of the family, said, "We, the von Trotha family, are deeply ashamed of the terrible events that took place 100 years ago. Human rights were grossly abused that time." On 16 August 2004 the German government under Gerhard Schröder officially apologized for the genocide, but rejected calls to pay reparations to the descendants of the Herero and Nama. "We Germans accept our historic and moral responsibility and the guilt incurred by Germans at that time," said Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, Germany's development aid minister. In addition, she admitted the massacres were equivalent to genocide. The two countries have generally had a good relationship since and Germany has tailored economic and political packages