Kum Nye and sKu-mNyé are a wide variety of Tibetan religious and medical body practices. Many Tibetan Buddhist and Bon traditions contain Kum Nye practices. These can be entirely different both in purpose and in methods. For instance, some forms are very slow-moving; others are intensely aerobic. The Tibetan Medical Tantras (scriptures) are the basis for some practices, and are mainly therapeutic. Dzogchen is the basis for other practices which are mainly religious in purpose. Three systems of sku mnye have been described and taught in detail in English. These are Kum Nye by Tarthang Tulku, the Aro gTér sKu-mNyé and the systems of bsku mnye, that are taught by the International Academy for Traditional Tibetan Medicine and the Shang Shung Institute. Etymology The two terms Kum Nye and sKu-mNyé are different spellings in the Latin alphabet of the same Tibetan phrase Wylie: sku mnye, which literally means "massage of the subtle body". Some forms of sku mnye are vaguely similar to Yoga, Tai chi, Qigong, or therapeutic massage. Kum Nye, Ku Nye, and Kunye are also used to transcribe the Tibetan phrases dku mnye ("belly massage") and bsku mnye (oil massage), pronounced identically to sku mnye. dKu mnye and bsku mnye manipulate the physical body, rather than the subtle (energetic) one. Tarthang Tulku's Kum Nye Lama Tarthang Tulku first introduced Kum Nye into the West. He has written five books on the subject. This system appears to be largely from the Medical Tantras, but includes exercises similar to those found in the Dzogchen series. It is based on very slow movements, stillness practices, and massage. This Kum Nye has been described as Inner Massage. Exercises To give an example, in the exercise called "flying" the practitioner extends their arms slowly out from the side up to stretching above the head and then slowly back down again. One cycle can take anywhere between 2 and 10 minutes. The practice of breathing in and out of both nose and mouth at the same time is recommended while doing the exercises. The key is to pay close attention to the subtleties of sensations and the quality of experience while doing the exercises, thus linking body and mind in the presence of awareness given to the sensations. Aro gTér sKu-mNyé This system is part of the Aro gTér, a Nyingma terma. It is described in detail in the book moving being, by Khandro