but interlaced with other colours of white and black as one heads north. These areas are primarily "igneous" granite which was subject to intense heat and pressure during the movement of the Earth's crust. The changes took place as the rock mixed with other elements in the Earth's crust. The mixture is mostly with black and white marble. The region also has sections of limestone flats. When the lakes that covered most of Lake Ontario dried up some 450 million years ago the lake sediments hardened and lifted to form a top layer of limestone over the area. With the ice age small glaciers left a thin layer of soil. The area around what is known as Flynn's Turn (intersection of Peterborough County Road 36 and Country Road 507) is a prime example of a limestone flat. On Highway 49 you can see the evidence of what is called a limestone ridge ("Ordovician strata"). This same ridge extends to Lower Buckhorn Lake and the erosion on the northern edge has created a scarp (or steep cliff) some high in areas. Sandy Lake and the beach area has a unique soft turquoise colour. This is a white "marl" lake bottom and is spring fed. Surrounded by a limestone karst runoff enters into the lake with very little organic material and this contributes to the unique greenish-blue colouration. The marl bottom is extremely soft and rich with minerals. The community is a scenic location where Paleozoic limestone formations yield to the underlying Precambrian bedrock of pink gneiss; as a result, it attracts a large number of summer residents and visitors. History The lumber and agricultural industries are significant to the history of the township. Due to the topography of the region, agricultural production was limited to only certain areas where soil conditions were adequate and cattle and mixed farming (orchards, cattle, horses, sheep, grains, vegetables, chickens and turkeys) were the predominant formats. Lumber production in the area led to the construction of standing timber lumber camps, with the numerous waterways allowing the transport of that lumber to production and processing mills in the area. This led to the development of settlements of forestry workers, but non-resident lumber barons took most of the gains from the industry. With the decline of the lumber industry, the settlements in the region also grew less populous. The French Canadians, Irish immigrants and other lumber labourers moved