the PSP and the CPN grew closer as they both campaigned against nuclear armament and both began to embrace New Left and libertarian politics. In 1984 they formed a common list for the European Election together with the green Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and the Greens. In the 1989 the CPN, PSP and PPR were joined by the leftwing Christian Evangelical People's Party in the formation of the GreenLeft. Relationships with the other parties whether liberal or Christian democratic were very poor. International comparison The CPN is one of the few Communist parties to be formed before the Russian Revolution. It lies between the Northern European Communist Parties, like the Communist Party of Sweden and the Southern European communist parties, like the Italian Communist Party. Like its Italian counterparts, and unlike its Swedish counterparts it was methodically isolated in parliament. Like its Swedish counterparts, but unlike its Italian counterparts, it gained around 5% of the vote. Like its Italian counterpart it was closely linked to Moscow until the 1960s. In the 1970s it became involved in New Left politics, like its Swedish counterpart. References Citations Bibliography Frits Kool, "Communism in Holland: A Study in Futility," Problems of Communism, vol. 9, no. 5 (Sept.-Oct. 1960), pp. 17–24. Gerrit Voerman, "From Lenin's Comrades in Arms to 'Dutch Donkeys': The Communist Party in the Netherlands and the Comintern in the 1920s," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe (eds.), International Communism and the Communist International, 1919-43. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998. Defunct communist parties in the Netherlands Netherlands Political parties established in 1909 1909 establishments in the Netherlands Political parties disestablished in 1991 1991 disestablishments in the Netherlands GroenLinks