Some are sent to specialist care homes, such as the Institute For Troubled Psychics, if they are deemed to be too unwell or dangerous to be allowed back freely among the civilian population. Others may simply leave and voluntarily become ordinary citizens, having grown tired of the strict life of a judge, although such cases are rare. However, the Long Walk is often chosen by judges who have been subject to disciplinary proceedings for misconduct not warranting criminal prosecution. Despite their effective exile, Cursed Earth judges can be called up by active street judges on missions in the Cursed Earth for assistance, once they have discharged their duties to the city, the retired judge is still forbidden from returning to Mega-City One. Cursed Earth judges are essentially vigilantes. Although they are expected to uphold the same standards of behaviour as street judges, they receive no supervision or support from the city. As such, some of them openly flout the code of practice that street judges must obey- drinking, smoking, or breaking celibacy for example. Also, due to the inevitable wear and tear of their equipment, coupled with their inability to obtain replacements, Cursed Earth judges who have been operating for years may have been forced to discard their uniform and possibly even their lawgiver, making them all but unrecognisable as judges. Cursed Earth judges also act as travelling magistrates, holding makeshift small-claims courts in the various settlements around the wasteland; for these, the arrival of a judge is a rare and exciting event, akin to a carnival, and therefore, along with legitimate grievances, some villagers file frivolous or ridiculous cases for entertainment value. The Long Walk was introduced in 2000 AD #147, in the 1980 story "Judge Minty," written by John Wagner. In the 1995 feature film, the Long Walk is mandatory for all Judges upon retirement. Notable exceptions Two exceptions of judges returning to active duty after taking the Long Walk were Chief Judge McGruder and Judge Dredd himself: Chief Judge McGruder resigned in 2108 when she blamed herself for an error of judgment (see Shojun the Warlord) which cost hundreds of lives. Dredd presided over her Long Walk ceremony. Dredd took the Long Walk in 2112, after succumbing to doubts regarding the ethics of the Judge System, brought to a head after he received a posthumous letter from William Wenders, a child killed as an indirect result of