The term Cadillac V8 may refer to any of a number of V8 engines produced by the Cadillac Division of General Motors since it pioneered the first such mass-produced engine in 1914. Most commonly, such a reference is to one of the manufacturer's most successful, best known, or longest-lived 90° V8 engine series. These include the pioneering overhead valve cu in introduced in 1949, made in three displacements up to ; a introduced in 1963 that grew to ; and a introduced in 1968 and enlarged to . Also notable was the Northstar, which debuted in 1992 as a 4.6 litre, and was also produced in 4.4 L and 4.2 L versions. When the Northstar engine series ended production in 2010 it became the last General Motors division to retain its own proprietary V8 design. This changed when Cadillac created the twin-turbo 'Blackwing' engine in 2019. L-head The Type 51 was the first Cadillac V8. Introduced in 1914, it was the standard engine for 1915 Cadillac models. It was a 90° design with an L-head (sidevalve) configuration and was water-cooled. Bore and stroke was , for a total of of displacement. Output was . This engine was designed under the leadership of Cadillac's chief engineer (1914-1917), Scottish-born D (D'Orsay) McCall White (1880 -), later a vice president of Cadillac. Hired by Henry Leland for his V-engine expertise from his employment as chief engineer at Napier, and previously Daimler at Coventry, he was later to move to Nash with LaFayette. White was appointed to a committee of three to supervise the development of the V12 Liberty aircraft motor, that later contributed to cross town rival Lincoln Motor Company introducing the Lincoln L series much later in 1917. The engine was refined for 1923 with a cross-plane crankshaft that introduced the (now standard) 90° offset for each pair of cylinders which improved balance and smoothness. Power was up to . The L-head was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th century list. L-head applications: Cadillac Type 51 Cadillac Type 53 Cadillac Type 55 Cadillac Type 57 Cadillac Type 59 Cadillac Type 61 Cadillac V-63 Cadillac Series 341 Oldsmobile Light Eight Cadillac created a new V8, the 341, for 1928. It was a engine and produced . The same year saw the introduction of the synchromesh transmission. This engine was used in the Series 341 and 341B cars of 1928 and