position, many speakers use [ʋ] before vowels other than [o] as in , and [u] as in 五 wu, e.g. . When /ŋ/ occurs before a glide or vowel it is often eliminated along with any following glides so 中央 zhōngyāng is pronounced zhuāng and 公安局 gōng'ānjú as guāngjú. Sibilant initials differ a lot between Standard Chinese and the Beijing dialect. The initials /ts tsʰ s/ are pronounced as [tθ tθʰ θ] in Beijing. are pronounced as by some female speakers, a feature known as 女国音 nǚguóyīn, or "female Standard Chinese pronunciation". Moreover, the Beijing dialect has a few phonetic reductions that are usually considered too "colloquial" for use in Standard Chinese. These are often dependent on which syllables are stressed and unstressed. For example, in fast speech, initial consonants go through lenition if they are in an unstressed syllable: pinyin before become , so "don't know" can sound like ; laoshi 老师 can sound like laoer; resulting in a "swallowing of consonants", or tūnyīn 吞音. become , so "go quickly" can sound like ; pinyin go through voicing to become ; intervocalic also lose aspiration and can be voiced, sounding identical to ; similar changes also occur on other consonants. is voiced and relaxed in intervocalic positions, resulting in [ʋ]. Affricates are elided into fricatives when not word initial, such as máocè 茅厕 becoming máosi. Some of these changes yield syllables that violate the syllable structure of Standard Chinese, such as 大柵欄 Dà Zhàlán Street, which locals pronounce as Dàshlàr. The literary tones of the Beijing dialect tend to be more exaggerated than Standard Chinese. In Standard Chinese, the four tones are high flat, high rising, low dipping, and falling; in the Beijing dialect, the first two tones are higher, the third one dips more prominently, and the fourth one falls more. However, toneless syllables are incredibly common in the vernacular Beijing dialect and the third tone is realized as a low tone instead of a dipping tone, known as a "half third tone". Influence on Manchu The Chinese Northern Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing had a major impact on the phonology of the dialect of Manchu spoken in Beijing, and since Manchu phonology was transcribed into Chinese and European sources based on the sinified pronunciation of Manchus from Beijing, the original authentic Manchu pronunciation is unknown to scholars. The Manchus that lived in Beijing were influenced by the