"He was forbidden from smoking" [result]. Portuguese counts location as permanent and fundamental, and accordingly uses ser, or the more specific secondary copula ficar (to stay), from Latin , "to place/set": Lisboa fica em Portugal "Lisbon is [located] in Portugal". Onde é/fica o apartamento dela? "Where is her flat/apartment?" but: A cidade está (situada) a 10 quilômetros da capital. "The city is (situated) 10 km from the capital." Nuance Como és? = "What are you like?" (i.e. "Describe yourself" – characteristics). Como estás? = "How are you?" (i.e. "How are you doing?" – state). Ele é triste = "He is sad" (i.e. gloomy – characteristic). (Ele) está triste = "He is [feeling] sad" (i.e. feeling down – state). Ela é aberta = "She is open" (i.e. "She is an open-minded sort of person" – characteristic; this sentence can also have a pejorative meaning). Ela está aberta = "It is open" (probably referring to a door or window – state). É sujo = "It is dirty" (i.e. "It is a dirty place/thing" – characteristic). Está sujo = "It is dirty" (i.e. "The place is/looks dirty [now]" – state). With adjectives referring to beauty and the like, ser means "to be", and estar means "to look". Que linda ela é! = "She is so beautiful!" (characteristic). Que linda ela está! = "She looks so beautiful!" (state). As in Spanish, the differentiation between "nature" and "state" makes sense when talking about the states of life and death: Está vivo (He is alive); Está morto (He is dead). Notice the important difference between ser morto (to be killed) and estar morto (to be dead): Ele foi morto [por um ladrão] = "He was killed [by a burglar]". Louco (mad) can be used with ser or estar, giving different connotations: És louco! = "You are mad!" (characteristic). Estás louco! = "You have gone mad!"/ "You are acting crazy" (state). Ser is used with adjectives expressing: fundamental belief: Não sou católico "I am not a Catholic"; nationality: És português "You are Portuguese"; gender: É um homem "He is a man"; intelligence: Somos espertos "We are clever", etc. Estar católico is used with the same sense as in Spanish: Eu não estou muito católico = "I am not feeling very well" (perhaps mean-spirited or ill or drunk). O tempo hoje não está muito católico = "The weather is not very reliable today". Apart from this exception, due