Martov. Axelrod fundamentally disagreed with Lenin's concept of the party as a disciplined organisation of professional revolutionaries who led the workers. He believed that the revolutionaries would eventually take instructions from organised labour, and during the 1905 revolution, he was the author of a proposal to hold a mass workers' conference. After that failure, his influence within the Menshevik party diminished, but he continued to be a spokesman for the Menshevik in international conferences, particularly after the outbreak of war in 1914, when he was part of the Russian delegation at the anti-war Zimmerwald Conference. In 1917, after the February Revolution, Axelrod returned to Russia. By then some Mensheviks had already joined Kerensky's Provisional Government and supported government war policy. Despite all his efforts, Axelrod failed to gain Mensheviks' support for a policy of immediate peace negotiations with the Central Powers. After the Bolshevik victory, which Axelrod called a "historical crime without parallel in modern history", he toured the world rallying socialist opposition to the Bolsheviks. Death Axelrod died in exile in Berlin in 1928. References Abraham Ascher. Pavel Axelrod and the Development of Menshevism, Harvard University Press, 1972, , 420p. External links Pavel Axelrod Biography Axelrod, Pavel (1850-1928) Archive of Pavel Borisovič Aksel'rod Papers at the International Institute of Social History 1850 births 1928 deaths People from Pochepsky District People from Mglinsky Uyezd Jewish Russian politicians Jews from the Russian Empire Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Mensheviks Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany Jewish socialists