Felipe Quispe Huanca "Mallku" (Quechua language: "condor"), (22 August 1942 – 19 January 2021) was a Bolivian historian and political leader. He headed the Pachakuti Indigenous Movement (MIP) and was general secretary of the United Union Confederation of Working Peasants of Bolivia (CSUTCB). Biography Quispe founded the Tupak Katari Indian Movement in 1979 and the Tupak Katari Guerrilla Army in 1990. His honorific name, Mallku, refers to the spirit of the mountains that surround and protect the People, and therefore is the source of life. "Mallku" means "peak" both in geography and in hierarchy. In 1984, he was one of the leading organisers of the Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, a failed armed insurrection against the government. Quispe was arrested for his involvement in the movement on August 19, 1992. Quispe has worked for the establishment of a Tawantinsuyu republic — which would take the name "Collasuyu" — in the Aymara-majority regions of Bolivia. Quispe was a staunch opponent of the neoliberal Washington consensus, and was also strongly against U.S.-led schemes toward coca eradication, which he sees as destroying a critical part of Aymara culture. He was involved heavily in the Bolivian Gas War. Quispe ran a failed campaign in the 2005 presidential elections, which saw the victory of indigenous Evo Morales, leader of MAS (Movimiento al socialismo). Quispe was a vocal critic of Morales' government, characterising it as representing "neoliberalism with an Indian face". Quispe died on 19 January 2021 in El Alto from cardiac arrest. References Bibliography External links El Mallku Speaks: Indigenous Autonomy & Coca - The Narco News Interview with Felipe Quispe In Defense of Life and Democracy 1942 births 2021 deaths 21st-century Bolivian politicians Bolivian exiles Bolivian expatriates in Cuba Bolivian expatriates in El Salvador Bolivian expatriates in Guatemala Bolivian expatriates in Mexico Bolivian expatriates in Peru Bolivian guerrillas 20th-century Bolivian historians Bolivian people of Aymara descent Bolivian trade union leaders Candidates in the 2002 Bolivian presidential election Candidates in the 2005 Bolivian presidential election Higher University of San Andrés alumni Indigenous activists of the Americas Jallalla La Paz politicians Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia) Pachakuti Indigenous Movement politicians People from Omasuyos Province