catastrophic head bolt failures as diesel engines have compression ratios that are as much as three times higher than a gasoline engine. The sales and reliability woes were compounded by a decline in gas prices as well as fuel quality issues were experienced, including large volumes of diesel fuel containing water or foreign particles. In addition to the head bolt issues, General Motors also decided not to install a water separator in order to cut costs. Low quality diesel fuel was a common problem at the time and most diesels were thus equipped to keep the injector pumps from corroding. Many owners tried to solve this by adding anhydrous alcohol, a common trick to deal with water in fuel, but this instead dissolved fuel pump seals and other parts. The stretchy fuel-pump timing chain was a minor problem in light of the other issues, but poor dealer service training only made all the problems worse. One Oldsmobile engineer who had worked on the project told his bosses not to release the hastily developed engine. General Motors, needing to meet upcoming CAFE standards forced him into early retirement and released the engine nonetheless. Myriad lawsuits were filed as several grassroots groups formed to try to get General Motors to acknowledge the problem, made worse by simultaneous problems with GM's new THM200 automatic transmission. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) had been unable to certify the diesel V8 for sale in the state in 1979 and early 1980 as the test cars issued to CARB broke down before the tests could be completed. Of the nine cars supplied to CARB, all suffered engine problems and seven had transmission failures. In 1980 the Federal Trade Commission filed a complaint which included the diesel engine issues and the transmission troubles as well as camshaft issues with gasoline V8s. General Motors kept marketing the diesel to the fullest, with 19 of the 23 Oldsmobile models in 1981 being available with the 5.7 diesel. The later 4.3-liter V6 engine, which arrived for the 1982 model year, did not have the same problems as the V8. The V6 has a denser bolt pattern and Oldsmobile's engineers were given more time to develop and test it. General Motors also carried out several redesigns of the V8's heads, bolts, and various other parts, but by the time the engine was trouble-free the damage had already been done. Discontinuation While