course at another university in another country. No additional fees are payable, and the course is recognised by the home institution as part of course-work for the degree. Over 150,000 students did Erasmus student exchanges in the academic year 2005/6, and the cumulative total since 1987 is over 1,500,000. In-service training courses in school or adult education. The Comenius and Grundtvig programmes support participation in specific short work placements (internships) for vocational students in companies in another country, to help them complete their skills Exchanges between institutions These include (for example): Developing partnerships between schools in different countries ("Comenius partnerships") to run joint projects for and with their pupils. Similar projects are supported in the field of adult education by the Grundtvig programme. Joint projects run by universities in different countries to develop joint curricula, run short-term intensive programmes, or establish thematic networks in different disciplines Connections between countries These include (for example): Study visits for regional and national administrators in education, training and guidance Networks of national experts working together on issues of common interest. Publication of comparable statistics indicating how the various education and training systems are progressing. Programme mechanics The management of the programme was very largely decentralised to a network of "national agencies", nominated by the participating countries. All individual mobility schemes and partnerships, and many multilateral projects, will be funded through these agencies. A limited number of projects will be handled centrally either by the European Commission itself or through its Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency – a public agency funded by the Commission and operating on its behalf. Funding The Programme has an indicative total budget of €6.970 billion over the seven years 2007–2013. Minimum seven-year allocations for each of the four bigger programmes are laid down as follows: Erasmus programme: 40% (€2.788 billion) Leonardo da Vinci programme: 25% (€1.743 billion) Comenius programme: 13% (€0.906 billion) Grundtvig programme: 4% (€0.279 billion) The remaining budget was to be spent on other actions and administrative costs. Experience of previous programmes suggests that the final seven-year budget will slightly exceed the current estimate Notes References External links European Union — The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 EST, the database for Partnerships projects in Comenius, Leonardo da Vinci and Grundtvig European Union funded education project "PopuLLar – Music and Language Learning" (acronym PopuLLar) CLIOH-WORLD CLIOH-WORLD: Network of Universities supported by the European Commission (LLP-Erasmus) for the researching, teaching