James Knox Polk, born in North Carolina, identified with Tennessee (term 1845–1849) Zachary Taylor of Virginia (term 1849–1850) Andrew Johnson, born in North Carolina, identified with Tennessee (term 1865–1869) Lyndon Baines Johnson of Texas (term 1963–1969) Jimmy Carter of Georgia (term 1977–1981) Bill Clinton of Arkansas (term 1993–2001) One president was born in the South, and is identified both with the South and elsewhere: Woodrow Wilson (term 1913–1921) was born and raised in the South. Although his academic and political career was in New Jersey, he still retained strong ties with the South. Presidents born outside the South, but generally identified with the region: George H. W. Bush, born in Massachusetts, but spent his adult life in Texas (term 1989–1993) George W. Bush, born in Connecticut, lived from early childhood in Texas (term 2001–2009) Presidents born in Southern states, but not primarily identified with that region, include: William Henry Harrison, born in Virginia, identified with Ohio (term 1841) Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky, moved at age 7; identified with Illinois (term 1861–1865) Dwight D. Eisenhower, born in Texas, moved at age 2 and identified with Kansas (term 1953–1961) See also African-American culture African-American history American gentry Black Belt in the American South Border states (American Civil War) Civil rights movement (1896–1954) Colonial history of the United States Culture of honor (Southern United States) Culture of the Southern United States Dueling in the Southern United States Juneteenth, celebrating the abolition of slavery Politics of the Southern United States Southern United States literature Footnotes References Further reading Abernethy, Thomas P. The South in the New Nation, 1789–1819 (LSU Press, 1961) online Alden, John R. The South in the Revolution, 1763–1789 (LSU Press, 1957) online Ayers; Edward L. The Promise of the New South: Life after Reconstruction (Oxford University Press, 1993). online Bartley, Numan V. The New South, 1945–1980 (LSU Press, 1996) online Best, John Hardin. "Education in the Forming of the American South". History of Education Quarterly (1996) 36#1 pp. 39–51 in JSTOR Clark, Thomas D. Pills, Petticoats, and Plows: The Southern Country Store (1944). Cooper, William J., Thomas E. Terrill and Christopher Childers. The American South (2 vol. 5th ed. 2016), 1160 pp online 1991 edition Cooper, William J. Liberty and Slavery : Southern Politics to 1860 (U of South Carolina Press, 2000). Craven, Avery O. The Growth of Southern Nationalism, 1848–1861 (LSU, 1953) online Craven, Wesley Frank. The Southern Colonies