Roger W. Ferguson Jr. (born October 28, 1951 in Washington, D.C.) is an American economist, attorney and corporate executive who served as the 17th vice chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1999 to 2006. Prior to his term as vice chairman, Ferguson was appointed a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in 1997. He was the first African-American vice chairman. After leaving the Fed, he served as president and CEO of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA) from 2008 to 2021. Ferguson has also been appointed to the board of directors of several companies. Education Ferguson received a B.A. in economics magna cum laude in 1973, a J.D. cum laude in 1979, and a Ph.D. in economics in 1981, all from Harvard University. From 1973 to 1974, he attended Pembroke College at Cambridge University on a Frank Knox Memorial Fellowship. In 2004 Ferguson was elected to an Honorary Fellowship there. In addition, he has honorary degrees from Lincoln College (Illinois), Webster University, Washington and Jefferson College, Michigan State University, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, St. Lawrence University, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Georgetown University, Metropolitan College of New York, Wabash College, Colby College, Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Stevens Institute of Technology, Sewanee: The University of the South, American University, Hofstra University, Dartmouth College, The University of Michigan and The University of San Francisco. In 2016, Ferguson received the Harvard Medal, awarded annually by the Harvard Alumni Association for service to Harvard. In 2019, Ferguson received the Harvard Centennial Medal. The Centennial Medal is the highest honor bestowed by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and is awarded for “contributions to society as they have emerged from one’s graduate education at Harvard”. The citation presented with the Medal reviewed Ferguson’s achievements and featured reflections from Douglas Elmendorf, Drew Faust and Larry Summers. Chairmanship reports in 2005 On October 11, 2005, Lawrence Kudlow stated his belief that Alan Greenspan was pushing Ferguson's name to the Bush Administration for the appointment of the Federal Reserve Chairmanship. As a supply-side economist, Kudlow said he was worried that Ferguson would follow a Neo-Keynesian policy and would oppose the Bush Administration's economic policy. On October 25, 2005, The Washington Post reported that senior members at the Federal Reserve, including Alan Greenspan, were encouraging the Bush Administration to appoint Ferguson to the Federal Reserve Chairmanship. The position eventually went to Ben