he was cleared of involvement in the genocidal extermination of the Chams. The judgment also emphasised that Samphan "encouraged, incited and legitimised" the criminal policies that led to the deaths of civilians "on a massive scale" including the millions forced into labour camps to build dams and bridges and the mass extermination of Vietnamese. On 16 August 2021, Samphan appeared before a court in Phnom Penh to appeal against his conviction, in an attempt to overturn it. The appeal was rejected on 22 September 2022, with the guilty verdicts of genocide, crimes against humanity, and grave breaches of the Geneva Convention confirmed. Notes References Barron, John and Paul, Anthony; Murder of a gentle land: the untold story of a Communist genocide in Cambodia, Reader's Digest Press, 1977, Esterline, John H. and Mae H., "How the dominoes fell": Southeast Asia in perspective, University Press of America, 1990, External links Cambodia Tribunal Monitor |- |- |- |- |- 1931 births 20th-century Cambodian politicians Academic staff of Royal University of Phnom Penh Cambodian expatriates in France Cambodian Buddhists Cambodian communists Cambodian revolutionaries Cambodian socialists Khmer Rouge party members Cambodian people convicted of crimes against humanity Cambodian politicians of Chinese descent Cambodian politicians convicted of crimes Cambodian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Communist Party of Kampuchea politicians Communist rulers Genocide perpetrators Foreign ministers of Cambodia Government ministers of Cambodia Heads of state of Cambodia Leaders of political parties Living people People convicted by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal People convicted of genocide People from Svay Rieng province Prime Ministers of Cambodia Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Cambodia Sangkum politicians University of Montpellier alumni University of Paris alumni Heads of government who were later imprisoned