Note that some of the slang are considered to be (), or "base" or "uneducated" language, that are carryovers from an older generation and are no longer used amongst more educated speakers, for example: – since a young age, similar to 打小儿 dǎxiǎor, which is more often used by the younger generation – to be disoriented, to be confused, to be bewildered Others may be viewed as neologistic expressions used among younger speakers and in "trendier" circles: – cool (in relation to a matter); cf. () (describes a person) – to toss into the hoop; used of basketball – special female friend (negative connotation) Manchu and Mongol loanwords The dialect also contains both Manchu and Mongol loanwords: – hutong, from Middle Mongolian quddug ("water well", modern Mongolian худаг) or ɣudum ("passage"; modern Mongolian гудам), possibly with influence from Chinese 衕 ("street, passage") and 巷 ("lane, alley"). – station, from Middle Mongolian ǰamči ("post station", in modern Mongolian замч "guide") - to reproach, from Manchu hendu Grammar There are syntactic differences between Standard Mandarin and the Beijing dialect. Both southern Chinese and southern Mandarin syntactic features were incorporated into Standard Mandarin, while the Beijing dialect retains features of northern Mandarin. The Beijing dialect also uses colloquial expressions differently. There is a conditional loss of the classifier under certain circumstances after the numeral "one", usually pronounced in the second tone, as if undergoing tone sandhi with the classifier after it. In general, Standard Chinese is influenced by Classical Chinese, which makes it more condense and concise. The Beijing dialect can therefore seem more longwinded; but this is sometime balanced by the generally faster speaking rate and phonetic reductions of colloquial Beijing speech. Examples Standard Chinese: Beijing dialect: Notes See also Chinese in New York City List of Chinese dialects Putonghua Varieties of Chinese Sino-Tibetan languages References External links (the University of Michigan)(Digitized May 14, 2008) Mandarin Chinese City colloquials Culture in Beijing