The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three , , consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons sharing one homoousion (essence) "each is God, complete and whole." As the Fourth Lateran Council declared, it is the Father who s, the Son who is , and the Holy Spirit who proceeds. In this context, the three persons define God is, while the one essence defines God is. This expresses at once their distinction and their indissoluble unity. Thus, the entire process of creation and grace is viewed as a single shared action of the three divine persons, in which each person manifests the attributes unique to them in the Trinity, thereby proving that everything comes "from the Father," "through the Son," and "in the Holy Spirit." This doctrine is called Trinitarianism and its adherents are called Trinitarians, while its opponents are called antitrinitarians or nontrinitarians. Christian nontrinitarian positions include Unitarianism, Binitarianism and Modalism. While the developed doctrine of the Trinity is not explicit in the books that constitute the New Testament, the New Testament possesses a triadic understanding of God and contains a number of Trinitarian formulas. The doctrine of the Trinity was first formulated among the early Christians and fathers of the Church as they attempted to understand the relationship between Jesus and God in their scriptural documents and prior traditions. Though the Trinity is mainly a Christian concept, Judaism has had parallel views, especially among writings from the kabbalah tradition. Jewish background The Father According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, God is figuratively called Israel's Father at times, and Husband or Lover at other times, using sexual and familial terms to analogically describe God's love for Israel (God's love for Israel is like a father's love for his son, a husband's love for his wife, or a lover for his beloved). Son of God Based on the analogy of divine fatherhood, the "son of God" in Judaism is an analogy for the people of Israel ("my son Israel") and the angels ("sons of God"), because they are holy like, yet distinct from and created by, the Holy One of Israel. God does not have a son, or equals, or parts - in actuality. Holy Spirit Medieval rabbis