small, here is a shortlist of the most common through-hole transistors packages in alphabetical order: ATV, E-line, MRT, HRT, SC-43, SC-72, TO-3, TO-18, TO-39, TO-92, TO-126, TO220, TO247, TO251, TO262, ZTX851. Unpackaged transistor chips (die) may be assembled into hybrid devices. The IBM SLT module of the 1960s is one example of such a hybrid circuit module using glass passivated transistor (and diode) die. Other packaging techniques for discrete transistors as chips include direct chip attach (DCA) and chip-on-board (COB). Flexible transistors Researchers have made several kinds of flexible transistors, including organic field-effect transistors. Flexible transistors are useful in some kinds of flexible displays and other flexible electronics. See also Band gap Digital electronics Diffused junction transistor Moore's law Optical transistor Magneto-Electric Spin-Orbit Nanoelectromechanical relay Semiconductor device modeling Transistor count Transistor model Transresistance Very Large Scale Integration Trancitor References Further reading Books The invention of the transistor & the birth of the information age The Power Transistor - Temperature and Heat Transfer; 1st Ed; John McWane, Dana Roberts, Malcom Smith; McGraw-Hill; 82 pages; 1975; . (archive) Transistor Circuit Analysis - Theory and Solutions to 235 Problems; 2nd Ed; Alfred Gronner; Simon and Schuster; 244 pages; 1970. (archive) Transistor Physics and Circuits; R.L. Riddle and M.P. Ristenbatt; Prentice-Hall; 1957. Periodicals Databooks Discrete Databook; 1985; Fairchild (now ON Semiconductor) Small-Signal Semiconductors Databook, 1987; Motorola (now ON semiconductor) Discrete Power Devices Databook; 1982; SGS (now STMicroelectronics) Discrete Databook; 1978; National Semiconductor (now Texas Instruments) External links BBC: Building the digital age photo history of transistors The Bell Systems Memorial on Transistors IEEE Global History Network, The Transistor and Portable Electronics. All about the history of transistors and integrated circuits. This Month in Physics History: November 17 to December 23, 1947: Invention of the First Transistor. From the American Physical Society 50 Years of the Transistor. From Science Friday, December 12, 1997 Pinouts Common transistor pinouts 1947 in computing 1947 in technology 20th-century inventions American inventions Bell Labs Computer-related introductions in 1947 Electrical components Hungarian inventions Semiconductor devices