the pesticide with water and applied it to their faces to keep away mosquitoes. In the late 1980s, a drive began in Central Asia to reduce agrochemical usage. In Turkmenistan the campaign reduced fertilizer use 30% between 1988 and 1989. In the early 1990s, the use of some pesticides and defoliants declined drastically because of the country's shortage of hard currency. Methane leaks 6 billion dollars worth of methane, a greenhouse gas which causes climate change, was estimated to leak in 2019/20. Area and boundaries Area: total: 488,100 km² land: 469,930 km² water: 18,170 km² Area - comparative: slightly larger than Cameroon Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: 0 km Note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea. Its coastline with the Caspian Sea is 1,768 km. Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Resources Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt Land use: arable land: 3.89% permanent crops: 0.12% other: 95.98% (2011) Irrigated land: 19,910 km² (2006) Total renewable water resources: 24.77 km2 (2011) References bn:তুর্কমেনিস্তান#ভূগোল