freely to imply something on an occasion. Much like with tea, there were a number of rituals and events surrounding the composition, presentation, and judgment of waka. There were two types of waka party that produced occasional poetry: Utakai and Uta-awase. Utakai was a party in which all participants wrote a waka and recited them. Utakai derived from Shikai, Kanshi party and was held in occasion people gathered like seasonal party for the New Year, some celebrations for a newborn baby, a birthday, or a newly built house. Utaawase was a contest in two teams. Themes were determined and a chosen poet from each team wrote a waka for a given theme. The judge appointed a winner for each theme and gave points to the winning team. The team which received the largest sum was the winner. The first recorded Utaawase was held in around 885. At first, Utaawase was playful and mere entertainment, but as the poetic tradition deepened and grew, it turned into a serious aesthetic contest, with considerably more formality. Poets Ochiai Naobumi (1861-1903) Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) Ishikawa Takuboku (1886–1912) Saitō Mokichi (1882–1953) Itō Sachio (1864–1913) Kitahara Hakushū (1885–1942) Suiko Sugiura (1885–1960) Nagatsuka Takashi (1879–1915) Okamoto Kanoko (1889–1939) Wakayama Bokusui (1885–1928) Orikuchi Shinobu (1887–1953) under the pseudonym Shaku Choku Jun Fujita (1888-1963) Terayama Shuji (1935–1983) Tawara Machi (born 1962) Yukio Mishima (1925–1970) Akiko Baba Fumiko Nakajō Nakajima Utako (1844–1903) Chūya Nakahara (1907-1937) See also Honkadori Japanese language Japanese phonology List of Japanese language poets List of National Treasures of Japan (writings) Ryūka Gogyōshi Gogyōka References Bibliography Keene, Donald, Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature of the Modern Era - Poetry, Drama, Criticism (A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 4), Columbia University Press, 1999 Modern anthologies Nakano, Jiro, Outcry from the Inferno: Atomic Bomb Tanka Anthology, Honolulu, Hawaii, Bamboo Ridge Press 1995 [104 pp. 103 tanka by 103 poets] Shiffert, Edith, and Yuki Sawa, editors and translators, Anthology of Modern Japanese Poetry, Rutland, Vermont, Tuttle, 1972 Ueda, Makoto, Modern Japanese Tanka: An Anthology, NY: Columbia University Press, 1996 cloth pbk [257 pp. 400 tanka by 20 poets] Modern translations Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. 100 Poems by 100 Poets. Trans. Clay MacCauley. Appendix Baba, Akiko. Heavenly Maiden Tanka. Trans. Hatsue Kawamura and Jane Reichhold. Gualala CA:AHA Books, 1999 Nakajō, Fumiko. Breasts of Snow. Trans. Hatsue Kawamura and Jane Reichhold. Tokyo:The Japan Times Press, 2004 Saito, Fumi. White