criterion, Condorcet method variants like Ranked pairs and CPO-STV do. Condorcet methods have a further-reduced incentive for the compromising strategy, but they have some vulnerability to the burying strategy. The extent of this vulnerability depends on the particular Condorcet method. Some Condorcet methods arguably reduce the vulnerability to burying to the point where it is no longer a significant problem. All guaranteed Condorcet methods are vulnerable to the bullet voting strategy, because they violate the later-no-harm criterion. Ranked multi-winner voting Single transferable vote Multi-winner ranked voting methods are more resistant to strategic voting compared to single-winner ranked voting methods. More sophisticated tactics may be practicable where the number of candidates, voters and/or seats to be filled is relatively small. The single transferable vote has an incentive for free riding, a form of compromising strategy sometimes used in proportional representation methods. If one feels the favoured candidate is certain to be elected in any case, insincerely ranking the second candidate first does not hurt the favoured candidate. Some forms of STV allow strategic voters to gain an advantage by listing a candidate who is very likely to lose in first place, as a form of pushover. Meek's method essentially eliminates this strategy. In Malta's STV the two-party system can cause strategic voting away from third parties. See also Electoral fusion Keynesian beauty contest Lesser of two evils Primary election Ranked voting Ranked-choice voting in the United States Skirt and Blouse voting Strategic nomination Tactical manipulation of runoff voting Vote allocation Vote swapping References Sources Svensson, Lars-Gunnar (1999). The Proof of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem Revisited Brams, Herschbach (2001). "The Science of Elections", Science Online. Abstract Fisher, Stephen (2001). [ Extending the Rational Voter Theory of Tactical Voting] External links Tactical Voting Can Be a Weak Strategy—Article on strategic voting within larger strategic considerations [archived] VoteRoll.com VoteRoll is a blog roll voting system that offers tiered strategic voting to develop statistics for people voting online since 2010. Voting theory Psephology Party-list proportional representation