Supra, but renamed to WEST in 2016, at the CEA, Cadarache, France 1989: Aditya, at Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) in Gujarat, India 1989: COMPASS, in Prague, Czech Republic; in operation since 2008, previously operated from 1989 to 1999 in Culham, United Kingdom 1990: FTU, in Frascati, Italy 1991: ISTTOK, at the Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Lisbon, Portugal 1991: ASDEX Upgrade, in Garching, Germany 1992: H-1NF (H-1 National Plasma Fusion Research Facility) based on the H-1 Heliac device built by Australia National University's plasma physics group and in operation since 1992 1992: Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), at the EPFL, Switzerland 1993: HBT-EP Tokamak, at the Columbia University in New York City, USA 1994: TCABR, at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; this tokamak was transferred from Swiss Plasma Center in Switzerland 1995: HT-7, at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, China 1996: Pegasus Toroidal Experiment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; in operation since the late 1990s 1999: NSTX in Princeton, New Jersey 1999: Globus-M in Ioffe Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia 2000: ETE at the National Institute for Space Research, São Paulo, Brazil 2002: HL-2A, in Chengdu, China 2006: EAST (HT-7U), in Hefei, at The Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, China (ITER member) 2007: QUEST, in Fukuoka, JAPAN https://www.triam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/QUEST_HP/suben/history.html 2008: KSTAR, in Daejon, South Korea (ITER member) 2010: JT-60SA, in Naka, Japan (ITER member); upgraded from the JT-60. 2012: Medusa CR, in Cartago, at the Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Costa Rica 2012: SST-1, in Gandhinagar, at the Institute for Plasma Research, India (ITER member) 2012: IR-T1, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran 2015: ST25-HTS at Tokamak Energy Ltd in Culham, United Kingdom 2017: KTM – this is an experimental thermonuclear facility for research and testing of materials under energy load conditions close to ITER and future energy fusion reactors, Kazakhstan 2018: ST40 at Tokamak Energy Ltd in Oxford, United Kingdom 2020: HL-2M China National Nuclear Corporation and the Southwestern Institute of Physics, China 2020: MAST Upgrade, in Culham, United Kingdom 2021 SPARC a development of Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) in Devens, Massachusetts. Previously operated 1960s: T-3 and T-4, in Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (formerly Soviet Union); T-4 in operation in 1968. 1963: LT-1, Australia National University's plasma physics group built a device to explore toroidal configurations, independently