Dixon's studies, players were observed experiencing heightened arousal from the sensory stimulus coming from the machines. They "sought to show that these 'losses disguised as wins' (LDWs) would be as arousing as wins, and more arousing than regular losses." Psychologists Robert Breen and Marc Zimmerman found that players of video slot machines reach a debilitating level of involvement with gambling three times as rapidly as those who play traditional casino games, even if they have engaged in other forms of gambling without problems. Eye-tracking research in local bookkeepers' offices in the UK suggested that, in slots games, the reels dominated players' visual attention, and that problem gamblers looked more frequently at amount-won messages than did those without gambling problems. The 2011 60 Minutes report "Slot Machines: The Big Gamble" focused on the link between slot machines and gambling addiction. See also Casino European Gaming & Amusement Federation List of probability topics Multi-armed bandit Pachinko Problem gambling Progressive jackpot Quiz machine United States state slot machine ownership regulations Video bingo Video lottery terminal (VLT) Video poker References Bibliography Brisman, Andrew. The American Mensa Guide to Casino Gambling: Winning Ways (Stirling, 1999) Grochowski, John. The Slot Machine Answer Book: How They Work, How They've Changed, and How to Overcome the House Advantage (Bonus Books, 2005) Legato, Frank. How to Win Millions Playing Slot Machines! ...Or Lose Trying (Bonus Books, 2004) External links American inventions Arcade games Gaming devices Commercial machines Gambling games