introduce a notion of the curves shifting amounts to adding epicycles. See also Capacity utilization Consumer theory Deadweight loss Economic surplus Effective demand Effect of taxes and subsidies on price Elasticity Excess demand function Externality Guanzi (text) History of economic thought Inverse demand function Law of supply Neoclassical economics Price discovery Rationing Social cost Supply chain Supply shock Yield management References Further reading Foundations of Economic Analysis by Paul A. Samuelson Price Theory and Applications by Steven E. Landsburg An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith, 1776 Supply and Demand book by Hubert D. Henderson at Project Gutenberg. External links Nobel Prize Winner Prof. William Vickrey: 15 fatal fallacies of financial fundamentalism – A Disquisition on Demand Side Economics (William Vickrey) Marshallian Cross Diagrams and Their Uses before Alfred Marshall: The Origins of Supply and Demand Geometry by Thomas M. Humphrey By what is the price of a commodity determined?, a brief statement of Karl Marx's rival account Supply and Demand by Fiona Maclachlan and Basic Supply and Demand by Mark Gillis, Wolfram Demonstrations Project. Economics laws Economics curves Market (economics) Demand Supply