secret protocol to the Nazi-Soviet pact, the Soviet Union was able to advance its borders westward by invading Poland in September 1939, by conquering parts of eastern Finland in the 1939-1940 Winter War, and by invading and occupying Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia and northern Bukovina) in 1940. During World War II the Soviet leadership was thus able to overturn the majority of the territorial losses incurred at Brest-Litovsk, except for the larger part of Finland, western Congress Poland, and western Armenia. The Russian borders established by the treaty bear an almost exact similarity to the post-1991 borders established after the fall of the Soviet Union. Portraits Emil Orlik, the Viennese Secessionist artist, attended the conference, at the invitation of Richard von Kühlmann. He drew portraits of all the participants, along with a series of smaller caricatures. These were gathered together into a book, Brest-Litovsk, a copy of which was given to each of the participants. See also History of Belarus Mitteleuropa Armistice of Focșani Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (9 February 1918), signed by Ukraine 1918 Russia–Ukraine negotiations References Bibliography Further reading Bailey, Sydney D. "Brest-Litovsk: A Study in Soviet Diplomacy" History Today 6#8 1956 p511–521. , primary sources. UK National Archives, online External links Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Yale University Avalon Project), including links to appendices. Resolution of the Fourth All-Russian (Extraordinary) Soviet Congress Ratifying the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Map of Europe after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, at omniatlas.com. Susanne Schattenberg: Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. The Times History of the War, Volume XIV, London: Printing House Square, 1918, pp. 1-37 David R. Stone, "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk," lecture presented at National World War I Museum, 2018 World War I treaties Treaties concluded in 1918 Treaties entered into force in 1918 Peace treaties of Germany Peace treaties of Austria Peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire Peace treaties of Bulgaria Peace treaties of Russia Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Aftermath of World War I in Russia and in the Soviet Union Aftermath of World War I in Ukraine Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaties of the German Empire Treaties of Austria-Hungary Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria Treaties of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1918 in Ukraine 1918 in Belarus 1918 in Armenia 1918 in Georgia (country) Ukrainian independence movement March 1918 events Dissolution of the Russian Empire Treaties