The modern method of measuring rail gauge was agreed in the first Berne rail convention of 1886, according to the "Revue générale des chemins de fer, July 1928". Early railways by gauge Non-standard gauge Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway, authorised 1824 and opened 1825, used . Dundee and Newtyle Railway, authorised 1829 and opened 1831, used . The Eastern Counties Railway, authorised on 4 July 1836, used The London and Blackwall Railway, authorised on 28 July 1836, used . The Dundee and Arbroath Railway, incorporated on 19 May 1836 and opened October 1838, used until standardised in 1847. The Arbroath and Forfar Railway, incorporated on 19 May 1836 and opened November 1838, used . The Northern and Eastern Railway, authorised on 4 July 1836, used gauge. Aberdeen Railway, opened 1848, used until standardised. Almost standard gauge The Huddersfield Corporation Tramways, used The Portsdown and Horndean Light Railway, used The Portsmouth Corporation Transport, used The Killingworth colliery railway, used . The Hetton colliery railway, opened 1822, used . The Stockton and Darlington Railway, authorised 1821, opened 1825, used . The New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad used The Pontchartrain Railroad used The trams in Nuremberg nominally used during much of their existence, but have since been converted to standard gauge in name as well as fact. Standard gauge The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, begun 1827, opened 1830. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, authorised 1824, opened 1830. The Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway, authorised 1826, opened 1833 (all the early French railways including Saint-Etienne Andrezieux, authorised 1823, opened 1827 had a French Gauge of from rail axis to rail axis, compatible with early standard gauge tolerances) The Dublin and Kingstown Railway, authorised 1831, opened for passenger traffic 1834. The Newcastle & Carlisle Railway, authorised 1829, opened 1834, isolated from LMR. The Grand Junction Railway, authorised 1833, opened 1837, connected to LMR. The London and Birmingham Railway, authorised 1833, opened 1838, connected to LMR. The Manchester and Birmingham Railway, authorised 1837, opened 1840, connected to LMR. The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, authorised 1836, opened 1840, connected to LMR. The London and Southampton Railway, authorised 1834, opened 1840. The London and Brighton Railway, authorised 1837, opened 1841. The South Eastern Railway, authorised 1836, opened 1844. Small deviations on standard gauge The Manchester and Leeds Railway, authorised on 4 July 1836, used . The railways were intended to take gauge vehicles and allow a (second) running tolerance. The Chester and