to the Evangelical movement. The people who spread this message concentrated more on individual agency rather than the structures of the Church. Medieval Contributors Some notable medieval contributors to science during this period include: Boethius (c. 477-524), John Philoponus (c. 490-570), Bede the Venerable (c. 672-735), Alciun of York (c. 735-804), Leo the Mathematician (c. 790-869), Gerbert of Aurillac (c. 946-1003), Constantine the African (c. 1020-1087), Adelard of Bath (c. 1080-1152), Robert Grosseteste (c. 1168-1253), St. Albert the Great (c. 1200-1280), Roger Bacon (c. 1214-1294), William of Ockham (c. 1287-1347), Jean Burdian (c. 1301-1358), Thomas Bradwardine (1300-1349), Nicole Oresme (c. 1320-1382), Nicholas of Cusa (c. 1401-1464). Modern period In the 17th century, founders of the Royal Society largely held conventional and orthodox religious views, and a number of them were prominent Churchmen. While theological issues that had the potential to be divisive were typically excluded from formal discussions of the early Society, many of its fellows nonetheless believed that their scientific activities provided support for traditional religious belief. Clerical involvement in the Royal Society remained high until the mid-nineteenth century when science became more professionalized. Albert Einstein supported the compatibility of some interpretations of religion with science. In "Science, Philosophy and Religion, A Symposium" published by the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, Inc., New York in 1941, Einstein stated: Einstein thus expresses views of ethical non-naturalism (contrasted to ethical naturalism). Prominent modern scientists who are atheists include evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins and Nobel Prize–winning physicist Steven Weinberg. Prominent scientists advocating religious belief include Nobel Prize–winning physicist and United Church of Christ member Charles Townes, evangelical Christian and past head of the Human Genome Project Francis Collins, and climatologist John T. Houghton. Perspectives The kinds of interactions that might arise between science and religion have been categorized by theologian, Anglican priest, and physicist John Polkinghorne: (1) conflict between the disciplines, (2) independence of the disciplines, (3) dialogue between the disciplines where they overlap and (4) integration of both into one field. This typology is similar to ones used by theologians Ian Barbour and John Haught. More typologies that categorize this relationship can be found among the works of other science and religion scholars such as theologian and biochemist Arthur Peacocke. Incompatibility According to Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C and Avelina Espinosa, the historical conflict between evolution and religion is intrinsic to the incompatibility between