2012. An Abomination on the Silver Sheet': In Defence of Tod Browning's Skill as a Director in the Sound Era (on Freaks). Bright Lights Film. https://brightlightsfilm.com/tod-browning-director-in-the-sound-era-analysis-of-the-opening-of-freaks/#.X_x2vmjYq00 Retrieved 15 January 2021. Towlson, Jon. 2017. '''DIRTY, SLIMY FREAKS!': TOD BROWNING, LON CHANEY, FREAKS AND THE EUGENICS MOVEMENT (PART 1). Diabolique Magazine, November 27, 2017. https://diaboliquemagazine.com/dirty-slimy-freaks-tod-browning-lon-chaney-freaks-eugenics-movement-part-1/ Retrieved 15 April 2021. Towlson, Jon. 2017. DIRTY, SLIMY FREAKS!': TOD BROWNING, LON CHANEY, FREAKS AND THE EUGENICS MOVEMENT (PART 2). Diabolique Magazine, November 27, 2017. https://diaboliquemagazine.com/dirty-slimy-freaks-tod-browning-lon-chaney-freaks-eugenics-movement-part-2/ Retrieved 15 April 2021. Wood, Bret. 2006. In The Know (West Of Zanzibar) - TRIVIA. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2081/west-of-zanzibar/#articles-reviews?articleId=152303 Retrieved 10 May 2021. Wood, Bret. 2006. The Gist (Mark Of The Vampire) - THE GIST. Turner Classic Movies. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/82936/mark-of-the-vampire#articles-reviews?articleId=149029 Retrieved 25 March 2021. Further reading Dark Carnival (1995) () by David J. Skal and Elias Savada. The Films of Tod Browning (2006) () edited by Bernd Herzogenrath. External links Tod Browning bibliography via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center Tod Browning at Virtual History American male film actors American male silent film actors Film directors from Kentucky Horror film directors Vaudeville performers 1880 births 1962 deaths Burials at Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery Male actors from Louisville, Kentucky 20th-century American male actors