late 1980s and gradually refined until it was later defined in 1992. The technique is the namesake of a Pomodoro (Italian for tomato) shaped kitchen timer initially used by Cirillo during his time at university. The "Pomodoro" is described as the fundamental metric of time within the technique and is traditionally defined as being 30 minutes long, consisting of 25 minutes of work and 5 minutes of break time. Cirillo also recommends a longer break of 15 to 30 minutes after every four Pomodoros. Through experimentation involving various workgroups and mentoring activities, Cirillo determined the "ideal Pomodoro" to be 20–35 minutes long. Related concepts Time management is related to the following concepts. Project management: Time management can be considered to be a project management subset and is more commonly known as project planning and project scheduling. Time management has also been identified as one of the core functions identified in project management. Attention management relates to the management of cognitive resources, and in particular the time that humans allocate their mind (and organize the minds of their employees) to conduct some activities. Timeblocking is a time management strategy that specifically advocates for allocating chunks of time to dedicated tasks in order to promote deeper focus and productivity. Organizational time management is the science of identifying, valuing and reducing time cost wastage within organizations. It identifies, reports and financially values sustainable time, wasted time and effective time within an organization and develops the business case to convert wasted time into productive time through the funding of products, services, projects or initiatives as a positive return on investment. See also Action item African time Attention management Calendaring software Chronemics Flow (psychology) Gantt chart Goal setting Interruption science Maestro concept Opportunity cost Order Polychronicity Precommitment Procrastination Professional organizing Prospective memory Punctuality Self-help Task management Time and attendance Time perception Time to completion Time-tracking software Time value of money Work activity management Workforce management Workforce modeling Books: First Things First (book) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Systems: Getting Things Done Pomodoro Technique Psychology/Neuroscience/Psychiatry Habit Self-control Impulsivity Inhibitory control Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder References Further reading Management systems