ethics tends to emphasize various themes from the Daoist classics, such as naturalness (pu), spontaneity (ziran), simplicity, detachment from desires, and most important of all, wu wei. The classic Daoist view is that humans are originally and naturally aligned with Dao, thus their original nature is said to be inherently good. However, one can fall away from this due to personal habits, desires, and social conditions, and return to one's nature requires active attunement through Daoist practice and ethical cultivation. Some of the most important virtues in Daoism are the Three Treasures or Three Jewels (). These are: ci (, usually translated as compassion), jian (, usually translated as moderation), and bugan wei tianxia xian (, literally "not daring to act as first under the heavens", but usually translated as humility). Arthur Waley, applying them to the socio-political sphere, translated them as: "abstention from aggressive war and capital punishment", "absolute simplicity of living", and "refusal to assert active authority". Daoism also adopted the Buddhist doctrines of karma and reincarnation into its religious ethical system. Medieval Daoist thought also developed the idea that ethics was overseen by a celestial administration which kept records of people's actions and their fate, as well as handed out rewards and punishments through particular celestial administrators. Soteriology and religious goals Daoists have diverse religious goals which include Daoist conceptions of sagehood (zhenren), spiritual self-cultivation, a happy afterlife, as well as longevity and some form of immortality (xian, variously understood as a kind of transcendent post-mortem state of the spirit). In the Quanzhen school of Wang Chongyang, the goal is to become a sage, which he equates with being a "spiritual immortal" (shen xien) and with the attainment of "clarity and stillness" (qingjing) through the integration of “inner nature” (xing) and “worldly reality” (ming). Those who know the Dao, who flow with the natural way of the Dao and thus embody the patterns of the Dao are called sages or "perfected persons" (zhenren). They often are depicted as living simple lives, as craftsmen or hermits. In other cases, they are depicted as the ideal rulers which practice ruling through non-intervention and under which nations prosper peacefully. Sages are the highest humans, mediators between heaven and earth and the best guides on the Daoist path. They act naturally and simply, with a pure mind and with wuwei. They may have supernatural powers and bring good fortune and peace.