The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions due to people having a "theory of mind" - the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others - supported by innate mirror neurons, a theory of mind mechanism, or a tacit theory. There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from cognition which in turn requires consciousness and the brain. It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as solipsism: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee the same presence of thought occurring in the self. However, it is often disregarded by most philosophers as outdated. Behavior is recognized to occur due to a number of processes within the brain quelling much of the debate on this problem. Phenomonology studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness. See also Animal consciousness Binding problem Boltzmann brain Brain in a vat Chinese room Dream argument Explanatory gap Hard problem of consciousness Mind–body problem Open individualism Philosophical skepticism Philosophical zombie Philosophy of mind Psychophysics Qualia Turing test Theory of mind Vertiginous question References Further reading External links Problem of other minds, theP Concepts in epistemology Other minds