a voter already believes that their favored candidate will make it to the next round. The voter then ranks an undesirable, but easily beatable candidate higher so that their preferred candidate can win later. In the United States, for instance, voters of one party sometimes vote in the other party's primary to nominate a candidate who will be easy for their favorite to beat, especially after that favorite has secured their party's own nomination. A voter selects just one candidate, despite having the option to vote for more than one due to a voting method such as approval voting, plurality-at-large voting, and Condorcet methods. A voter helps their preferred candidate by not supplying votes to potential rivals. Bullet voting is a type of sincere voting. This strategy is encouraged and seen as beneficial in the methods of limited voting and cumulative voting. Election methods with no tactical advantage to bullet voting satisfy the later-no-harm criterion, including instant-runoff voting and single transferable vote. Coordination While people often vote tactically according to their own strategy, there are Web sites intended to assist in voting tactically in specific elections; the strategies of course vary according to the electoral system. Some sites are politically neutral, asking what outcome a user prefers and recommending the vote most likely to achieve it; others are partisan, aiming to elect—or to keep out—a particular party. Examples in real elections Canada The observed effect of Duverger's law in Canada is weaker than in other countries. In the 1999 Ontario provincial election, strategic voting was encouraged by opponents of the Progressive Conservative government of Mike Harris. This failed to unseat Harris but succeeded in suppressing the Ontario New Democratic Party vote to a historic low. In the 2004 federal election, and to a lesser extent in the 2006 election, strategic voting was a concern for the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). In the 2004 election, the governing Liberal Party was able to convince many New Democratic voters to vote Liberal to avoid a Conservative government. In the 2006 elections, the Liberal Party attempted the same strategy, with Prime Minister Paul Martin asking New Democrats and Greens to vote for the Liberal Party to prevent a Conservative win. The New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton responded by asking voters to "lend" their votes to his party, suggesting that the Liberal Party was bound to lose the election regardless of strategic voting.