classification Dfb). The Bay of Fundy never fully freezes, thus moderating the winter temperatures compared with inland locations. Even so, with the prevailing wind blowing from the west (from land to sea), the average January temperature is about . Summers are usually warm to hot, and daytime temperatures often exceed . The highest temperature recorded in a given year is usually . The confluence of cold Bay of Fundy air and inland warmer temperatures often creates onshore winds that bring periods of fog and cooler temperatures during the summer months. Precipitation in Saint John totals about annually and is well distributed throughout the year, although the late autumn and early winter are typically the wettest time of year. Snowfalls can often be heavy, but rain is as common as snow in winter, and it is not unusual for the ground to be snow-free even in mid-winter. The highest temperature ever recorded in Saint John was on June 22, 1941, August 15, 1944, and August 22, 1976. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on February 11, 1948. Buildings and structures Courtney Bay Smokestacks (each ) Brunswick Square () 19-storey office building with which was built in 1976. It is the largest office building in New Brunswick in terms of square footage and second in Atlantic Canada behind the Maritime Centre in Halifax. Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Gothic style Catholic cathedral, construction began in 1853, its spire rises to ) City Hall () 15-storey office building () Brunswick House () 14-storey office building () Irving Building () 14-storey office building Harbourside Senior Citizens Housing Complex () 12-storey apartment building Harbour Building () 10-storey office building Mercantile Centre () 7-storey office building () Chateau Saint John 8-storey hotel (112 rooms) City Market (built in 1876, oldest city market in North America, with an original ship's hull roof design) Loyalist House (built in 1817) Irving Oil Headquarters (2019) 11-storey office building Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint John had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Saint John CMA had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of .