Torah. Modern languages Jewish translations The Torah has been translated by Jewish scholars into most of the major European languages, including English, German, Russian, French, Spanish and others. The most well-known German-language translation was produced by Samson Raphael Hirsch. A number of Jewish English Bible translations have been published, for example by Artscroll publications. Christian translations As a part of the Christian biblical canons, the Torah has been translated into hundreds of languages. In other religions Samaritanism The Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: ‮ࠕࠫ‎‬ࠅࠓࠡࠄ‎, Tōrāʾ), also called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is a text of the Torah written in the Samaritan script and used as sacred scripture by the Samaritans. It forms the entire textual document of Samaritanism Christianity Although different Christian denominations have slightly different versions of the Old Testament in their Bibles, the Torah as the "Five Books of Moses" (or "the Mosaic Law") is common among them all. Islam Islam states that the Torah was sent by God. The "Tawrat" () is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to be given by God to Prophets among the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible. According to the Quran, God says, "It is He Who has sent down the Book (the Quran) to you with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)." (Q3:3) However, some self-professed Muslims believe that this original revelation was corrupted (tahrif) (or simply altered by the passage of time and human fallibility) over time by Jewish scribes. The Torah in the Quran is always mentioned with respect in Islam. The Muslims' belief in the Torah, as well as the prophethood of Moses, is one of the fundamental tenets of Islam. See also 613 commandments Aliyah (Torah), "going up to the Torah" Haftarah Hebrew Bible Heptateuch Hexapla Jewish Publication Society (JPS) Ketef Hinnom Ketuvim List of capital crimes in the Torah Moses in rabbinic literature Nevi'im New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh (JPS Tanakh) Samaritan Pentateuch Sefer Torah Torah scroll (Yemenite) Weekly Torah portion References Bibliography Further reading Rothenberg, Naftali, (ed.), Wisdom by the week – the Weekly Torah Portion as an Inspiration for Thought and Creativity, Yeshiva University Press, New York 2012 Friedman, Richard Elliott, Who Wrote the Bible?, HarperSanFrancisco, 1997 Welhausen, Julius, Prolegomena to the History of Israel, Scholars