Human Rights Watch since the election of President John Magufuli in December 2015, Tanzania has witnessed a marked decline in respect for free expression, association and assembly. On 19 March 2021, Vice President Samia Suluhu Hassan became the new president after the sudden death of President John Magufuli. She was the first female President of Tanzania. Recent archaeological discoveries In February 2021, Polish archaeologists from Jagiellonian University announced the discovery of ancient rock art with anthropomorphic figures in a good condition at the Amak’hee 4 rockshelter site in Swaga Swaga Game Reserve in Tanzania. The paintings found at the rock shelter were made with a reddish dye and included buffalo heads, a giraffe head and neck, and domesticated cattle. They have been dated back to approximately several hundred years ago. Archaeologists estimated that these paintings may describe a ritual of the Sandawe people, although their present religion does not contain elements of anthropomorphization of buffaloes. See also History of Africa History of Zanzibar HIV/AIDS in Tanzania List of colonial heads of Tanganyika List of governors-general of Tanganyika List of human evolution fossils List of presidents of Tanganyika List of presidents of Tanzania List of presidents of Zanzibar List of prime ministers of Tanganyika List of prime ministers of Tanzania List of heads of government of Zanzibar List of sultans of Zanzibar Politics of Tanzania Tanganyika Timeline of Tanzanian history History of cities in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam history and timeline Zanzibar City history and timeline References Further reading Gibbons, Ann (2007). The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest Ancestor. Anchor Books. . Hyden, Goran (1980). Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry. Berkeley: University of California Press. Iliffe, John (1971). Agricultural Change in Modern Tanganyika (Historical Association of Tanzania Paper no. 10. (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1971), 47 pp. Kjekshus, Helge (1996). Ecology Control and Economic Development in East African History. London: James Currey. Koponen, Juhani (1988). People and Production in Late Pre-colonial Tanzania: History and Structures. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of International Studies. Koponen, Juhani (1994). Development for Exploitation: German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884–1914. Paice, Edward (2007). Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa. London: Orion Publishing. Waters, Tony (2007). The Persistence of Subsistence Agriculture: Life Beneath the Level of the Marketplace''. Lanham: Lexington Books. External links Background Note: Tanzania