residents. An investigation by the New York State Health Commissioner, the Bell Commission, led to restrictions on the number of hours residents could work and required oversight of their care by accredited physicians (this regulation is also known as the Libby Zion law). These reforms have since been adopted nationwide. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, chartered as The New York and Presbyterian Hospital by the State of New York in 1996, was formed in 1998 with the merger of two large, previously independent hospitals, the New York Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital. The merger had been announced on January 1, 1998. In the 2010s, the hospital began to supplement its physical presence with remote and online services. A telemedicine service allows patients to receive follow-up care remotely, a CAT-equipped ambulance (see below NYP-EMS) allows stroke care to take place outside the hospital, and a remote second opinion program uses Grand Rounds technology. During the initial phase COVID-19 pandemic, NYP was at the center of the country's response to the virus in the spring of 2020. The hospital was able to triple its ICU bed capacity and ventilator support. During the crisis, teams at NYP/Columbia pioneered techniques to assist two patients with one ventilator and shared this around the country. NYP turned Baker Field and Columbia Soccer Stadium into a 288-bed field hospital in under two weeks. As with many hospitals in the US, clinicians volunteered to help understaffed units. Over 1,000 people volunteered at NYP including teams from University of Rochester Medical Center, UCSF Medical Center, Cayuga Medical Center, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UAMS Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center, and Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center. In November 2020, despite cases surged in Utah, a team of 31 nurses and staff from NYP traveled to Intermountain Health to 'return the favor'. On October 13, 2020, with a gift from Ray Dalio, NYP launched the Dalio Center for Health Justice, a research and advocacy organization, which will focus on reducing differences in access to quality health care that overwhelmingly affect communities of color. Structure NYP is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit system that includes a variety of outlying hospitals that had been affiliates of the legacy Hospitals, NewYork or Presbyterian. These hospitals stretch throughout the five boroughs, Westchester County, Long Island and New Jersey. The hospital, along with Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, runs the NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System,