meters of natural gas. In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information, was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time. In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas). Major oil fields Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get a development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field. Domestic projects In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields. Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3. Foreign projects The operator of Lukoil's foreign projects in the exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas. Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries: Azerbaijan (D-222 (Yalama), Shah-Deniz) Kazakhstan (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kumkol, Karakuduk, Northern Buzachi, Alibekmola, Kozhasai, Arman, Zhambai South, Atash, Tyub-Karagan); Uzbekistan (Kandym-Khauzak-Shady-Kungrad, Aral, Kungrad, South-West Gissar) Egypt (Meleiha, West Esh-El-Mallah, West Geisum, Northeast Geisum) Iraq (West Qurna-2) Iran (Anaran); Colombia (the Condor project in conjunction with the Colombian state company Ecopetrol) Ivory Coast (production sharing agreement on the offshore block CI-205 in the Gulf of Guinea) Venezuela (Junin Block 3) Saudi Arabia Ghana (Cape Three Points Deepwater) Romania Cameroon (Etinde floating LNG project) The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons). Oil and gas processing Lukoil owns seven oil-processing companies in Eastern Europe with total capacity of 82.1 million tons per year. In Russia it owns large refineries in Volgograd, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, and Ukhta refineries and mini-refineries in Uray and Kogalym. It also owns refineries in Bulgaria, Romania, and Italy, and has a 45%-stake in an