rigidity within muscles or groups thereof) or ballistic (characterized by involuntary movement of muscles) and will not respond to dosage reductions. Peak-dose dyskinesia – the most common form of levodopa-induced dyskinesia; it correlates with the plateau plasma level. This type usually involves the upper limbs more (but could also affect the head, trunk and respiratory muscles), is choreic (of chorea), and less disabling. Patients will respond to reduction but may be accompanied by deterioration of parkinsonism. Peak-dose L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia has been suggested to be associated with cortical dysregulation of dopamine signaling. Chronic or tardive Late-onset dyskinesia, also known as tardive dyskinesia, occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol) or amoxapine (Asendin). The symptoms include tremors and writhing movements of the body and limbs, and abnormal movements in the face, mouth, and tongue including involuntary lip smacking, repetitive pouting of the lips, and tongue protrusions. Rabbit syndrome is another type of chronic dyskinesia, while orofacial dyskinesia may be related to persistent replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1. Non-motor Two other types, primary ciliary dyskinesia and biliary dyskinesia, are caused by specific kinds of ineffective movement of the body, and are not movement disorders. See also Akathisia Akinesia Dopamine Hemiballismus Medication Management of Parkinson's disease Paroxysmal dyskinesia Psychosis Schizophrenia Serotonin References Works cited External links Symptoms and signs: Nervous system Parkinson's disease Neurological disorders Extrapyramidal and movement disorders