of the Third Reich, London 2003. Altgeld, Wolfgang, "Wagner, der Bayreuther Kreis und die Entwicklung des völkischen Denkens". In: Richard Wagner 1883-1983, ed. U. Müller. Stuttgart 1984, S. 35-64. Considers Wagner's relationships with Bayreuth enthusiasts in his own lifetime. Schüler, Winfried, Der Bayreuther Kreis von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausgang der Wilhelminischen Ära. Wagnerkult und Kulturreform im Geiste völkischer Weltanschauung. Münster 1971. Deals with Bayreuth enthusiasts of the late nineteenth century. Spotts, Frederic, Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival, 1996 Notes External links Wagner’s great-grandson confronts his heritage December 11, 2003 B'nai B'rith article, mentions the 'Bayreuth Circle' in passing. The 1939 Ban on Parsifal asserts, without explanation or reference, influence of the 'Bayreuth Circle' in the 1880s and 1890s on interpretation of Wagner under the Nazis. Wagner studies Bayreuth Early Nazism (–1933)