'interesting and important' questions raised by Justice Douglas' dissent were moot since the Amish children shared their parents' religious objections to the school attendance. Justice Byron White, joined by Justices Brennan and Stewart, filed a concurring opinion saying the case 'would be a very different case' if the parents forbade their children from 'attending any school at any time and from complying in any way with the educational standards set by the State'; he pointed out that the burden on the children was relatively slight since they had acquired 'the basic tools of literacy to survive in modern society' and had attended eight grades of school. Dissenting opinion Justice William O. Douglas, who dissented in part, wrote: Legacy of the Court's decision The ruling is cited as a basis for allowing people to be educated outside traditional private or public schools, such as with homeschooling. The implications of the case for the Amish were characterized by one author as: Since Wisconsin v. Yoder, all states must grant the Old Order Amish the right to establish their own schools (should they choose) or to withdraw from public institutions after completing eighth grade. In some communities Amish parents have continued to send their children to public elementary schools even after Wisconsin v. Yoder. In most places tensions eased considerably after the Supreme Court ruling, although certain difficulties remained for those Amish living in Nebraska. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 406 Notes and references Further reading External links The Principle of Nonresistance - written in 1927 by John Horsch, a Mennonite historian and church leader. Amish in the United States United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court United States free exercise of religion case law United States education case law 1972 in United States case law 1972 in religion Legal history of Wisconsin 1972 in education 1972 in Wisconsin United States Supreme Court cases