in English can sometimes be difficult to translate, for example, there is no single direct translation for the word "yes" in Chinese, as in Chinese the affirmative is said by repeating the verb in the question. ("Do you have it?" "(I) have".) Vocabulary German, Dutch and Danish have a wealth of modal particles that are particularly difficult to translate as they convey sense or tone rather than strictly grammatical information. The most infamous example perhaps is (Dutch: , Danish: ), which roughly means "Don't you realize that . . . ?" or "In fact it is so, though someone is denying it." What makes translating such words difficult is their different meanings depending on intonation or the context. A common use of the word can be found in the German sentence , which translates to The war wasn't lost yet, after all or The war was still not lost. Several other grammatical constructs in English may be employed to translate these words for each of their occurrences. The same with slightly changed pronunciation can also mean excuse in defense to a question: . . . but the war was not lost yet (. . . so we fought on). A use which relies heavily on intonation and context could produce yet another meaning: "So the war was really not over yet (as you have been trying to convince me all along)." Another change of intonation makes the sentence a question. would translate into "(You mean) the war was not yet lost (back then)?" Similar difficulties occur with the Dutch words "even", "toch", and, especially, "gezellig". Another well-known example comes from the Portuguese or Spanish verbs and , both translatable as to be (see Romance copula). However, is used only with essence or nature, while is used with states or conditions. Sometimes this information is not very relevant for the meaning of the whole sentence and the translator will ignore it, whereas at other times it can be retrieved from the context. When none of these apply, the translator will usually use a paraphrase or simply add words that can convey that meaning. The following example comes from Portuguese: "" Spanish equivalent:"" Literal translation: "I am not (apparently/just right now) handsome; I am (essentially/always) handsome." Adding words: "I am not handsome today; I am always handsome." Paraphrase: "I don't look handsome; I am handsome." Some South Slavic words that have no