can be used: one-up, one-down, and one-across. With a one-up communication, one communicator attempts to gain control of an exchange by dominating the overall communication. A one-down communication has the opposite effect. A communicator attempts to yield control of an interaction or submit to someone. The final message is a one-across communication. This communication moves to neutralize a situation. This is also called transitory if only one communicator is attempting this style. When two communicators use the same style of one-up, one-down, or one-across, it is symmetrical. If they are opposing one another it is complementary. This axiom allows us to understand how an interaction can be perceived by the styles a communicator is using. Additional notions Some interrelated notions that make up the Interactional View promoted by Watzlawick and colleagues at the MRI include: One cannot not communicate, and the related idea that one cannot not influence; Understanding behavior as if we are constantly exchanging messages defining the nature of relationships of which we are a part; Shifting focus of attention from intent to the effects of behavior as communication; Observer-imposed punctuation; Emphasizing the vital role of the therapist's preconceptions in bringing forth socially constructed reality; Investing the ramifications of self-fulfilling prophecy; and Articulating and fully embracing the "as If" nature of behavior. A term that is used often in the theory of the Interactional View is enabler. An enabler is within addiction culture; a person whose non-assertive behavior allows others to continue in their substance abuse. An example of this would be a person letting their sibling continue to act in an immature manner because that is what the family is used to him doing. Another word frequently used in the Interactional View is double-bind. Someone in a double-bind, is a person trapped by expectations; the powerful party requests that the low-power party act symmetrically. An example of this would be a person asking another person, "Why didn't you like the movie?" or "You like rock 'n' roll, don't you?" The first person is asking the second person to act in a way that is similar (symmetrical) to them. Criticisms The critique of this theory can be centered on one main thing: the application of the theory as a whole. Being able to take these axioms and apply them to relationships between families can be very difficult to master. It can be said that this theory is trapped