in addition to differences in the intake manifolds and (resultantly) the heads, earlier motors used pistons with two compression rings and a single oil ring and put out five less horsepower, while later GA16DEs have a single compression ring and a single oil ring. The GA16DE shares its block and crankshaft with its predecessor, the GA16i; however, their timing chain covers, connecting rods and pistons are altogether different. It is possible to interchange connecting-rod/piston assemblies between the GA16i and GA16DE with no danger to the valve train. Some engines have siamesed exhaust manifolds, while others keep the exhausts separated until the catalytic converter. Earlier ECUs contained the fuel & ignition maps on a discrete ROM IC, making retuning relatively easy, later ECUs buried the maps on a larger more integrated microcontroller's firmware, making retuning require the use of a daughterboard. Applications: 1993-1996 Nissan NX1600 B13 1991-1994 Nissan Sentra B13 1994-1995 Nissan 100NX B13 (UK) 1991-1994 Nissan Presea R10 1995-1999 Nissan Sentra B14 1995-1999 Nissan 200SX B14 1995-1999 Nissan Almera N15 1990-1999 Nissan Pulsar N14/N15 1993-1999 Nissan Primera P10/P11 10/1992-07/1995 Nissan Sunny Traveller N14 / Nissan Wingroad Y10 1999-2001 Nissan Exalta Philippines 1995-1999 Nissan Vanette Cargo. GA16DS The GA16DS is a carbureted only engine with a 16-valve DOHC head. Models equipped with a catalyst use the electronically controlled carburetor. It produces between and . Without catalyst: . Applications 1990-1993 Nissan Primera P10 1990-1993 Nissan Sunny N14 1990-1993 Nissan 100NX B13 1990-1997 Nissan Avenir Cargo 1992-1996 Nissan Bluebird U13 Also fitted to the Nissan Sentra B13 from Japan, called EX Saloon. GA16DNE The GA16DNE is a Mexican-specification engine, which produces . The main differences between the DE and DNE are: the DNE has no VTC and no ECCS plenum. The DNE has a vertical throttle body with an MAF inside; the air filter is diagonally oriented in its air filter housing. This variant also was released in some southeast Asian models (Philippine and Malaysian Sentra B14s) The "N" in its nomenclature means "New EGI" (emission system), meaning this engine does not have an EGR system like the GA16DE. Since 2003, the DNE variant comes with a new ECU and 3 oxygen sensors. Applications: 1998-2004 Nissan Tsubame Y10 (Mexico) 1996-2000 Nissan Sentra B14 1998-2011 Nissan Tsuru B13 1998-2002 Nissan Sentra N14 (South Africa) 1998-2002 Nissan Sabre N14 (South Africa) 1996-1999 Nissan Sentra B14 (Philippines) 1995-1999 Nissan Serena C23 (European) The 1996-2000 sentra B14