insertion: there are verbs with only one short vowel in their roots. Without an affix attached to the verb root, the verbs become impossible utterances because Choctaw requires either two short vowels or a long vowel for a word to be formed. An initial A-prefix is thus attached to the root of the verb. *bih → a-bih Phonological processes Glide insertion When a verb root ends with a long vowel, a glide /w/ or /j/ is inserted after the long vowel. ∅→/wa/ / V: Where V: is oo boo-a-h→bóowah ∅→/ja/ / V: Where V: can be either ii or aa talaa-a-h→talaayah /i-/ deletion In Choctaw, there is a group of nouns which contain an initial /i-/ that encodes for 3rd person possession. It may be deleted, but if the /i/ is part of a VC syllable structure, the C is also deleted, because the resulting CCV syllable is rarely a permissible syllable structure at the onset of words. /i/→∅ / # Part 1: /i + C/→∅ + /C/ / # Part 2: /∅ + C/→∅ / # ippókni'→ppókni'→pókni' /-l-/ infix assimilation The verbal infix /l/ is pronounced /h, ch, or ɬ/ when /l/ precedes a voiceless consonant. l → {h, tʃ, ɬ} /_C[-voice] ho-l-tinah → ho-ɬ-tinah Phonological processes of the suffix /-li/ There are several assimilation processes that occur with the suffix /-li/. When the verbal suffix /-li/ is preceded by /f/ /ɫ/ /h/ /m/ /n/ or /w/, the /l/ assimilates to the corresponding consonant that precedes it. Also, the verbal suffix /-li/ is preceded by the consonant /b/, the /l/ is realized as /b/. Third, when the verbal suffix /-li/ is preceded by the consonant /p/, the /p/ is pronounced as /b/. Lastly, when the verbal suffix /-li/ is preceded by the consonant /t/, the /t/ is pronounced as /l/. /l/→/f, ɫ, h, m, n, w/ / /f, ɫ, h, m, n, w/ /kobaf-li-h/→ kobaaffih /l/→/b/ / /b/ /atob-li-h/→ atobbih /p/→/b/ / /b/ /tap-li-h/→ tablih /t/→/l/ / /l/ /palhat-li-h/→ pallalih There are two deletion processes that occur with the suffix /-li/. If the verbal suffix /-li/ precedes the verbal suffix /-tʃi/, the suffix /-li/ may be deleted if the resulting syllable, after deletion, is a consonant cluster. The other process occurs when the verbal suffix /-li/ precedes the suffix /-t/, which results with the suffix /-li/ being sometimes deleted if the syllable /-li/ has not already gone under phonological