and the practice of the charnel ground meditations as outlined in the Satipatthana sutta. It stands for the right endeavour to attain dhyāna. Vīrya can also signify courage and physical strength and was cultivated by Buddhist guardians including the Shaolin monks. It signifies strength of character and persistent effort for the well-being of others as well as the ability to defend the Triratna from attacks. In the absence of sustained effort in practicing meditation, craving creeps in and the meditator comes under its influence. Right effort (vīryabala) is thus required to overcome unskillful mental factors and deviation from dhyāna. Other meanings Hindi Language: Virya means semen in Hindi Language. See also Bodhipakkhiya dhamma (Qualities conducive to Enlightenment) Four Right Exertions Five Faculties Five Powers Noble Eightfold Path Pañña (wisdom) Sacca (truth) Adhiṭṭhāna (resolute determination) Dāna (generosity) Passaddhi (tranquillity) Nekkhamma (renunciation) Upekkhā (equanimity) Khanti (patience) Metta (loving-kindness) Vīrya (Hinduism) Sisu (A similar concept in Finnish culture) Notes Sources Bullitt, John T. (2005). A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms. Available from "Access to Insight" (ATI). Griffith, Ralph T.H. (1896). Rig Veda. Guenther, Herbert V. & Leslie S. Kawamura (1975), Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding". Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition. Ireland, John D. (trans.) (1998). "Meghiya Sutta: Meghiya" (Ud. 4.1). Retrieved 7 February 2011 from "Access to Insight". Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator) (2004). Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1. North Atlantic Books. Monier-Williams, Monier (1899; rev. 2008). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. A general on-line search engine for this dictionary is available from "U. Cologne". Ñāamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) & Bhikkhu Bodhi (ed.) (2001). The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. . Piyadassi Thera (1999). "Gilana Sutta: Ill (Factors of Enlightenment)" (SN 46.14). Retrieved 7 February 2011 from "Access to Insight". Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society's Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2005). "Kitagiri Sutta: At Kitagiri" (MN 70). Retrieved 6 February 2011 from "Access to Insight". Walshe, Maurice O'Connell (trans.) (2009). "Pade Sutta: In the Foot" (SN 48.54). Retrieved 7 February 2011 from "Access to Insight". Wholesome factors in Buddhism Sanskrit words and phrases