E. Pauline Degenfelder of Worcester Public Schools, "a detective story with overtones of Greek tragedy". Cleanth Brooks believed that the work was a "mood piece" on, in Degenfelder's words, "the discovery of evil". Doreen Fowler, author of "Reading for the "Other Side": Beloved and Requiem for a Nun," wrote that "it could be argued that the title" refers to the main character's sexual organs, which are attacked by Popeye. Adaptations In 1933, Sanctuary was adapted into the Pre-Code film The Story of Temple Drake starring Miriam Hopkins, with the rapist character "Popeye" renamed "Trigger" for copyright reasons. According to film historian William K. Everson, the film was largely responsible for the Motion Picture Production Code crackdown on risque and controversial subject matter. The novel was later a co-source, with its sequel Requiem for a Nun (1951), for the 1961 film Sanctuary, starring Lee Remick as Temple and Yves Montand as her rapist, now renamed "Candy Man". Faulkner stated that initially he wished to end the plot at the end of Sanctuary but he decided that, in Degenfelder's words, "Temple's reinterpretation would be dramatic and worthwhile." Degenfelder believes that he may have gotten inspiration for the sequel from The Story of Temple Drake due to common elements between the two. Phillips wrote that due to the difficulties of adapting the novel into a film with the same spirit that would attract major audiences, "no film so far has retold Faulkner's story of Temple Drake with quite the impact of the original. And at this point it seems safe to predict that none ever will." Legacy Phillips wrote that the novel "earned him the reputation of being a sordid Gothic writer that he still holds in the popular mind." Phillips wrote that "It is a matter of record that James Hadley Chase's lurid novel No Orchids for Miss Blandish was heavily indebted to Sanctuary for its plot line." According to Phillips, that means both film adaptations, No Orchids for Miss Blandish and The Grissom Gang, received inspiration from Sanctuary. A Russian film with a similar plot – Cargo 200, set in 1984 Russia – was made in 2007. References Notes Further reading Faulkner: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Robert Penn Warren, 1966 Reading Faulkner: Sanctuary: Glossary and Commentary, Edwin T. Arnold and Dawn Trouard, 1996, - Master's degree thesis External links Sanctuary at Digital Yoknapatawpha 1931 American novels American novels adapted