can resolve the hard problem of consciousness. He argues that quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same weakness as more conventional theories. Just as he argues that there is no particular reason why particular macroscopic physical features in the brain should give rise to consciousness, he also thinks that there is no particular reason why a particular quantum feature, such as the EM field in the brain, should give rise to consciousness either. Despite the existence of transcranial magnetic stimulation with medical purposes, Y. H. Sohn, A. Kaelin-Lang and M. Hallett have denied it, and later Jeffrey Gray states in his book Consciousness: Creeping up on the Hard Problem, that tests looking for the influence of electromagnetic fields on brain function have been universally negative in their result . However, a number of studies have found clear neural effects from EM stimulation. Dobson, et al. (2000): 1.8 millitesla = 18,000 mG Thomas, et al. (2007): 400 microtesla = 4000 milligauss Huesser, et al. (1997): 0.1 millitesla = 1000 mG Bell, et al. (2007) 0.78 Gauss = 780 mG Marino, et al. (2004): 1 Gauss = 1000 mG Carrubba, et al. (2008): 1 Gauss = 1000 mG Jacobson (1994): 5 picotesla = 0.00005 mG Sandyk (1999): Picotesla range In April 2022, the results of two related experiments at the University of Alberta and Princeton University were announced at The Science of Consciousness conference, providing further evidence to support quantum processes operating within microtubules. In a study Stuart Hameroff was part of, Jack Tuszyński of the University of Alberta demonstrated that anesthetics hasten the duration of a process called delayed luminescence, in which microtubules and tubulins trapped light. Tuszyński suspects that the phenomenon has a quantum origin, with superradiance being investigated as one possibility. In the second experiment, Gregory D. Scholes and Aarat Kalra of Princeton University used lasers to excite molecules within tubulins, causing a prolonged excitation to diffuse through microtubules further than expected, which did not occur when repeated under anesthesia. However, diffusion results have to be interpreted carefully, since even classical diffusion can be very complex due to the wide range of length scales in the fluid filled extracellular space. Also in 2022, a group of Italian researchers performed several experiments that falsified a related hypothesis by physicist Lajos Diósi. Advantages Locating consciousness in the brain's EM field, rather than the neurons, has the advantage of neatly accounting