to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3, and also establishing what is to be done when there is no president-elect, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification January 23, 1933: The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution. February 20, 1933: Approved an amendment to the U.S. Constitution repealing the Eighteenth Amendment, and submitted it to state ratifying conventions for ratification Amendment was later ratified on December 5, 1933, becoming the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Senate House of Representatives Leadership Senate President: Charles Curtis (R) President pro tempore: George H. Moses (R) Majority (Republican) Majority Leader: James E. Watson Majority Whip: Simeon D. Fess Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale National Senatorial Committee Chair: Daniel O. Hastings Minority (Democratic) Minority Leader: Joseph T. Robinson Minority Whip: Morris Sheppard Democratic Caucus Secretary: Hugo Black House of Representatives Speaker: John N. Garner (D) Note: Republican Nicholas Longworth, the Speaker of the House in the previous Congress, was Speaker-presumptive with his party's mere three-seat majority. However, Longworth died on April 9, 1931, and by the time the 72nd Congress convened in December 1931, Democrats had gained four seats from Republicans through special elections following deaths, thus becoming the majority party in the House. Democrat John Garner was subsequently elected as Speaker. Majority (Democratic) Majority Leader: Henry T. Rainey Majority Whip: John McDuffie Democratic Caucus Chairman: William W. Arnold Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Byrns Sr. Minority (Republican) Minority Leader: Bertrand H. Snell Minority Whip: Carl G. Bachmann Republican Conference Chairman: Willis C. Hawley Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: William R. Wood Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. Senate Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring