law and economics. His pioneering contributions to the field include the application of economic reasoning to tort law, and a legal interpretation of the Coase theorem. Under Calabresi's intellectual and administrative leadership, Yale Law School became a leading center for legal scholarship imbued with economics and other social sciences. Calabresi has been awarded more than forty honorary degrees from universities across the world. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Federal judicial service On February 9, 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Calabresi as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Thomas Joseph Meskill. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 18, 1994. He received his commission on July 21, 1994 and entered duty on September 16, 1994. Calabresi assumed senior status on July 21, 2009. President Clinton is a 1973 graduate of the Yale Law School, although he never had Calabresi as a professor. Among Calabresi's group of former students are Supreme Court Justices Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas and Sonia Sotomayor, former United States Attorney General Michael Mukasey, feminist legal scholar and law professor at the Universities of Michigan and Chicago Catharine MacKinnon, former White House Counsel Gregory Craig, legal scholar Philip Bobbitt, Senator John Danforth, Harvard Law School professor Richard H. Fallon Jr., civil and human rights legal scholar Kenji Yoshino, torts scholar and law professor at the University of Virginia Kenneth Abraham, feminist international attorney Ann Olivarius, and New York University School of Law torts professor Catherine Sharkey. Calabresi, alone among Yale Law School faculty members, supported Thomas's nomination to the Supreme Court. Awards and honors In 1985, he was awarded the Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame, the oldest and most prestigious award for American Catholics. Yale, in 2006, created the Guido Calabresi Professorship of Law, with Kenji Yoshino serving as the inaugural professor of the endowed chair. Daniel Markovits is the current holder of the chair. Calabresi is an Honorary Editor of the University of Bologna Law Review, a general student-edited law journal published by the Department of Legal Studies of the University of Bologna. Calabresi is the author of four books and over 100 articles on law and related subjects. Honors Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1972 Honorary degree, University of Pavia, 1987 Elected to the American Philosophical Society, 1997