dead, 6,519 wounded, and 165 missing/captured. Total Ottoman losses are harder to estimate but almost certainly much larger: an entire army was lost in the fighting and the Ottoman Empire poured a vast number of troops into the front over the three years of combat. American historian Edward J. Erickson, with access to the Ottoman Archives, attempted to estimate Ottoman battle casualties from this campaign in 2001. He did not attempt to estimate losses due to disease for this campaign, but noted that the Ottomans had some 2.66 times the number of disease deaths as KIA throughout the war (466,759 v 175,220), with the highest ratio of non-battle casualties to battle casualties being found in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia. His estimates for Ottoman battle casualties by battle were as follows: Sinai 1915: 1,700 (192 KIA, 381 WIA, 727 MIA, 400 POW) Sinai 1916: 1,000 (250 KIA, 750 WIA) 1st Gaza 1917: 1,650 (300 KIA, 750 WIA, 600 POW) 2nd Gaza 1917: 1,660 (82 KIA, 1,336 WIA, 242 MIA) 3rd Gaza/Jerusalem 1917: 28,057 (3,540 KIA, 8,982 WIA, 9,100 MIA, 6,435 POW) 2nd Jordan 1918: 3,000 (1,000 KIA, 2,000 WIA) Megiddo/Syria 1918: 101,300 (10,000 KIA, 20,000 WIA, 71,300 POW) A total of 138,367 battle casualties (15,364 KIA, 34,199 WIA, 10,069 MIA, 78,735 POW). The WIA figures only include irrecoverable losses (crippled or later died of wounds). Going by the Erickson's estimates, total wounded outnumbered seriously wounded by 2.5:1 for the war. Applying that same ratio to the Sinai and Palestine campaign produces a total battle casualty count of about 189,600 (15,364 KIA, 10,069 MIA, 85,497 WIA, 78,735 POW). Furthermore, his listed ratio of disease deaths to KIA implies about 40,900 disease deaths in Sinai-Palestine. This would add up to total casualties of roughly 230,500 (15,364 KIA, 10,069 MIA, 40,900 died of disease, 85,497 WIA/DOW, 78,735 POW). Despite the uncertainty of casualty counts, the historical consequences of this campaign are easy to discern. The British conquest of Palestine led directly to the British mandate over Palestine and the Trans-Jordan which, in turn, paved the way for the creation of the states of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. See also Bund der Asienkämpfer Notes Footnotes Citations References External links First World War.com. Defence of the Suez Canal, 1915. Retrieved 19 December 2005. Australian Light Horse Studies Centre The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine (official history) Sinai campaign (NZHistory.net.nz) Palestine campaign (NZHistory.net.nz) The Photographs