First caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood. Serigne Sheikh Gaindé Fatma (grandson, and also the first caliph's eldest son). Gaindé Fatma founded French-language and Arabic-language schools, provided scholarships, and was an important community figure who focused on advancing education in Senegal. Serigne Mouhamadou Fallilou Mbacké (son). Second caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood. Serigne Abdou Ahad Mbacké (son). Third caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood. Serigne Abdou Khadr Mbacké (son). Fourth caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood. Serigne Saliou Mbacké (son). Fifth caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood, and the last surviving son of Bamba. Serigne Mouhamadou Lamine Bara Mbacké. Sixth caliph of the Mouride Brotherhood, and the nephew of the fifth caliph Serigne Saliou Mbacké. Siblings: Maam Mor Diarra, uterine brother. Today, he is revered by his city, Sahm. Maam Thierno Birahim Mbacke, younger brother. He took care of Bamba's family and community while he was exiled by French colonial authorities. Today, he is revered by his city, Darou Mousti. Maam Sheikh Anta Darou Salam, a Mouride businessman. Today, he is revered by his city, Darou Salam. Serigne Massamba. He copied Bamba's writings. Serigne Afe Mbacke Other important people associated with Bamba: Sheikh Mouhamadou Lamine Diop Dagana, Bamba's biographer and companion Serigne Dame Abdourahmane Lo, teacher of Bamba's children Sheikh Adama Gueye, the first Mouride follower Maam Sheikh Ibrahima Fall, founder of the Baye Fall community Foundation of Mouridiyya and Touba Ahmadou Bamba founded the Mouride brotherhood in 1883, with its capital in Touba, Senegal. Today, Touba serves as the location of the sub-Saharan Africa's largest mosque, which was built by the Mourides. Ahmadou Bamba's teachings emphasized the virtues of pacifism, hard work and good manners through what is commonly known as Jihādu nafs which emphasizes a personal struggle over "negative instincts." As an ascetic marabout who wrote tracts on meditation, rituals, work, and Quranic study, he is perhaps best known for his emphasis on work and industriousness. Bamba's followers call him a mujaddid ("renewer of Islam"), citing a hadith that implies that God will send renewers of the faith every 100 years (the members of all the Senegalese brotherhoods claim that their founders were such renewers). Abdoul Ahad Mbacke, the third Caliph (Mouride leader) and son of Ahmadou Bamba, declared that Ahmadou Bamba had met the prophet Muhammad in his dreams, a tale that has become an article of faith for Mouride believers. During the month of Ramadan 1895, Muhammed and his companions