The Lwów school of mathematics () was a group of Polish mathematicians who worked in the interwar period in Lwów, Poland (since 1945 Lviv, Ukraine). The mathematicians often met at the famous Scottish Café to discuss mathematical problems, and published in the journal Studia Mathematica, founded in 1929. The school was renowned for its productivity and its extensive contributions to subjects such as point-set topology, set theory and functional analysis. The biographies and contributions of these mathematicians were documented in 1980 by their contemporary Kazimierz Kuratowski in his book A Half Century of Polish Mathematics: Remembrances and Reflections. Members Notable members of the Lwów school of mathematics included: Stefan Banach Feliks Barański Władysław Orlicz Stanisław Saks Hugo Steinhaus Stanisław Mazur Stanisław Ulam Józef Schreier Juliusz Schauder Mark Kac Antoni Łomnicki Stefan Kaczmarz Herman Auerbach Włodzimierz Stożek Stanisław Ruziewicz Eustachy Żyliński The end of the school Many of the mathematicians, especially those of Jewish background, fled this southeastern part of Poland in 1941 when it became clear that it would be invaded by Germany. Few of the mathematicians survived World War II, but after the war a group including some of the original community carried on their work in western Poland's Wrocław, the successor city to prewar Lwów; see Polish population transfers (1944–1946). A number of the prewar mathematicians, prominent among them Stanisław Ulam, became famous for work done in the United States. See also Kraków School of Mathematics Lwów–Warsaw school Polish School of Mathematics Scottish Café Warsaw School of Mathematics References History of mathematics History of education in Poland History of Lviv Science and technology in Poland Lviv Polytechnic