/-h/ 'default tenses': Baliilih. Baliili-h. run- 'She runs.' Baliilaachi̱h. Baliili-aachi̱-h. run- 'She will run.' There are also suffixes that show evidentiality, or the source of evidence for a statement, as in the following pair: Nipi' awashlihli. Nipi' awashli-hli meat fry-first:hand 'She fried the meat.' (I saw/heard/smelled her do it.) Nipi' awashlitoka̱sha. Nipi' awashli-tok-a̱sha meat fry--guess 'She fried the meat.' (I guess) There are also suffixes of illocutionary force which may indicate that the sentence is a question, an exclamation, or a command: Awashlitoko̱? Awashli-tok-o̱ fry- 'Did she fry it?' Chahta' siahokii! Chahta' si-a-h-okii Choctaw 1sII-be- 'I'm Choctaw!' or 'I certainly am a Choctaw!' Verbal infixes Choctaw verb stems have various infixes that indicate their aspect. These stem variants are traditionally referred to as 'grades'. The table below shows the grades of Choctaw, along with their main usage. Some examples that show the grades follow: In this example the l-grade appears because of the suffixes /-na/ 'different subject' and /-o(k)/ 'negative': ... lowat táahana falaamat akíiyokiittook. lowa-t táaha-na falaama-t ak-íiya-o-kii-ttook burn- complete- return- 1sN-go- '... (the school) burned down and I didn't go back.' The g-grade and y-grade typically get translated into English as "finally VERB-ed": Taloowah. Taloowa-h sing- 'He sang.' Tálloowah. Tálloowa-h sing- 'He finally sang.' The hn-grade is usually translated as 'kept on VERBing': Ohó̱bana nittak pókkooli' oshtattook. Ohó̱ba-na nittak pókkooli' oshta-ttook rain- day ten four- 'It kept on raining for forty days.' The h-grade is usually translated "just VERB-ed" or "VERB-ed for a short time": . Nóhsi-h sleep- 'He took a quick nap. Nominal morphology Noun prefixes Nouns have prefixes that show agreement with a possessor. Agreement markers from class II are used on a lexically specified closed class of nouns, which includes many (but not all) of the kinship terms and body parts. This is the class that is generally labeled inalienable. sanoshkobo''' 'my head' sa-noshkobo' 1sII-headchinoshkobo 'your head' chi-noshkobo' 2sII-head noshkobo 'his/her/its/their head' noshkobo' head sashki 'my mother' sa-ishki' 1sII-mother chishki''' 'your mother' chi-ishki' 2sII-mother Nouns that are not lexically specified for II agreement use the III agreement markers:a̱ki 'my father' a̱-ki' 1sIII-fatheramofi 'my dog' am-ofi' 1sIII-dog Although systems of this type are generally described with the terms alienable and inalienable, this terminology is not particularly appropriate for Choctaw, since alienability implies a semantic distinction between types of nouns. The morphological distinction between nouns taking II agreement and III agreement in Choctaw only partly coincides with