of the change from wood and sail to steel and steam pilot boats. Great Britain In Great Britain, pilot boats were rigged as schooners in Fleetwood, Swansea and Liverpool. In Liverpool, the Pioneer, No. 6 was built in 1852 and was 53-tons. The clipper George Holt, No. 10 was built in 1892. India The Bengal Pilot Service was established by the British East India Company to control piloting. The pilot boats were responsible for guiding East Indiaman, and other vessels, up and down the Hooghly River between Calcutta and the sea. Some historic pilot boats still sailing Eighteen Bristol Channel Pilot Cutters are believed to survive worldwide German pilot schooner, Elbe, No. 5 was launched in 1883 and had a long history as pilot boat, as private yacht named Wander Bird and later as home to hippies in San Francisco, before returning to Germany and being restored as a traditional sailing boat German pilot schooner Cuxhaven was launched in 1901 and survived as a sailing boat, renamed Atalanta and still active as a traditional sail training ship US motorboat USS California was completed in 1910 and served in World War I on harbor patrol duty US two-masted gaff-rigged schooner Adventuress launched in 1913, saw service as a pilot boat, and during World War II served with the United States Coast Guard US two-masted gaff-rigged schooner Zodiac was built as a racing sailboat in 1924 and named California after being acquired by the San Francisco Bar Pilots Association for use as a pilot boat US schooner Roseway, built in 1925, owned by the Boston Pilot Association for thirty years until 1973, now a registered U.S. National Historic Landmark operating in Boston and St. Croix, USVI by World Ocean School, Camden, Maine US pilot-boat [[Moses H. Grinnell (pilot boat)|Moses H. Grinnell]] was built in 1850 and designed by George Steers. It was owned by George W. Blunt. In 1863, the Grinnell was hit by the steamer Union on the outer Middle Ground. The Grinnell was named after Moses H. Grinnell, a successful New York merchant and shipper. The Zodiac and Adventuress are both listed with the National Register of Historic Places and are now cruising in Washington state after restorations. Modern pilot boats Modern pilot boats can be from 7 metres to over 25 metres in length, built to withstand heavy seas and bumping against 100,000 ton tanker and cruise ships. They