that "freedom of choice" was an insufficient response to segregated schools. 1967: Loving v. Virginia, ruled that state laws banning interracial marriage ("anti-miscegenation laws") in Virginia and 15 other states were unconstitutional because they violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1968: Newman v. Piggie Park, established that prevailing plaintiffs in civil rights act cases are entitled to receive attorneys' fees from the losing defendant. 1969: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, ruled that 33 Mississippi school districts must desegregate "at once" thereby ending the era of foot-dragging in school desegregation permitted under the "all deliberate speed" doctrine of Brown v. Board of Education 1969: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, ruled against using the parade permitting process as a means of suppressing First Amendment rights. 1969: Thorpe v. Housing Authority of Durham, ruled that low-income public housing tenants could not be summarily evicted. 1969: Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp., required due process for the garnishment of wages. 1969: Allen v. State Board of Elections, guaranteed the right to a write-in vote. 1970s 1970: Ali v. The Division of State Athletic Commission, restored Muhammad Ali's boxing license. 1970: Carter v. Jury Commission, approved Federal suits over discrimination in the selection of juries. 1970: Turner v. Fouche, overruled a requirement in Taliaferro County, Georgia that grand jury and school board membership be limited to owners of real property. 1971: Kennedy-Park Homes Association v. City of Lackawanna, forbade a city government from interfering in the construction of low-income housing in a predominantly white section of the city. 1971: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upheld intra-district busing to desegregate public schools. However, this issue was contested in the courts for three more decades. In the most recent related cases, the U.S. Supreme Court in April 2002 refused to review Cappachione v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education and Belk v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, in which lower courts had ruled in favor of the school district. 1971: Haines v. Kerner, upheld the right of prisoners to challenge prison conditions in federal court. 1971: Groppi v. Wisconsin, upheld the right of a criminal defendant in a misdemeanor case to a venue where jurors are not biased against him. 1971: Clay v. United States, struck down Muhammad Ali's conviction for refusing to report for military service. 1971: Griggs v. Duke Power Company, ruled that tests for employment or promotion that produce different outcomes for blacks and