entrance to the hospital, there is a large bronze monument to Philippe Pinel, who was chief physician of the Hospice from 1795 to his death in 1826. The Salpêtrière was, at the time, like a large village, with seven thousand elderly indigent and ailing women, an entrenched bureaucracy, a teeming market and huge infirmaries. Pinel created an inoculation clinic in his service at the Salpêtrière in 1799 and the first vaccination in Paris was given there in April 1800. Notable doctors Through its history, the Pitié-Salpétrière hosted notable doctors, among others: Philippe Pinel (1745–1826); Jean-Étienne Esquirol (1772–1840); Étienne-Jean Georget (1795–1828); William A. F. Browne (1805–1885); Bénédict Morel (1809–1873); Duchenne de Boulogne (1806–1875), teacher of Charcot; Ernest-Charles Lasègue (1816–1883); Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893), founder of modern neurology; Alfred Vulpian (1826–1893) Physician and neurologist; Jules Bernard Luys (1828–1897), neurologist; Paul Richer (1849–1933), anatomist, collaborator of Charcot; Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), Charcot's student in Paris and father of psychoanalysis; Joseph Babinski (1857–1932), another Charcot's student; Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904), neurologist; Axel Munthe (1857–1940), Swedish psychiatrist, author; Pierre Janet (1859–1947), psychologist; Abel Ayerza (1861–1918), Argentinian cardiologist; Gérard Encausse (1865–1916), physician; Maria Montessori (1870–1952), pioneer in education; Jacques Lacan (1901–1981), psychoanalyst; Christian Cabrol (1925–2017), cardiac surgeon, performed Europe's first heart transplantation on 27 April 1968. Iradj Gandjbakhch (b. 1941), cardiac surgeon, performed Europe's first heart transplantation on 27 April 1968 along with Dr. Cabrol; fitted a pacemaker on former president Jacques Chirac in 2008. See also Bicêtre Hospital A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière General Hospital of Paris References External links Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital History of La Salpêtrière Salpêtrière Hospital records, 1859–1942 (inclusive), 1900–1919 (bulk), HMS c30. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Hospitals in Paris Buildings and structures completed in 1684 Hospital buildings completed in the 17th century Teaching hospitals in France Buildings and structures in the 13th arrondissement of Paris Hospitals established in the 17th century 1684 establishments in France Prostitution in Paris