In Chile abortion is only legal in three circumstances: when the life of the mother is in danger, when the fetus is not viable, and in cases of rape during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy (or 14 weeks if the woman is under 14 years old). Between 1989 and 2017, Chile had one of the most stringent abortion laws globally, completely prohibiting the practice. In August 2017, the National Congress approved a bill legalizing abortion, which took effect a month later after withstanding a constitutional challenge from conservative opponents. On January 29, 2018, both public and private sector medical coverage for abortion became accessible. Legal background In 1931, therapeutic abortion was permitted under the Health Code, allowing women whose life was in danger to receive an abortion with the approval of two doctors. However, this provision was abolished by the military dictatorship on September 15, 1989, saying that advancements in medicine made it "no longer justifiable." Current laws against abortion are codified in the Penal Code articles 342 to 345 under the title "Crimes and Offences against Family Order, Public Morality and Sexual Integrity". The Penal Code punishes illegal abortions with up to five years in jail for the person performing it, and with up to ten years if violence is used against the pregnant woman. The pregnant woman may get up to five years if she consents to an illegal abortion or performs it on herself. A medical doctor practicing an illegal abortion may get up to 15 years. The country's constitution in article 19-1 states that "the law protects the life of those about to be born." A two-thirds majority of each chamber of the Chilean Congress is required to amend it. Since 1990, 15 abortion-related bills have been submitted by legislators to Congress for discussion, 12 in the Chamber of Deputies and three in the Senate. About half called to either increase existing penalties or to create legal barriers to make it more difficult for abortion to be legalized. Two other bills suggested erecting monuments to the "innocent victims of abortion". Four bills have requested that abortion be allowed when the mother's life is at risk and one in the case of rape. Nine are currently in review and one has been rejected. Five others have been archived, which means they have not been discussed for two years. Two identical bills requesting the reestablishment of therapeutic