not seriously hurt and finished the stage, but the helmetless Kivilev hit the ground and did not rise. He fell into a coma, initially being taken to the Saint-Chamond hospital before being transferred via air to the intensive care unit at Saint-Étienne hospital, where he was diagnosed with a serious skull fracture and two broken ribs. His condition worsened overnight, and he died of his injuries at 10 a.m. on 12 March 2003. He was survived by his wife Natalia and six-month-old son Leonardo. A few days later, his friend Alexander Vinokourov won the race. Legacy After Kivilev's death, the UCI made the wearing of helmets compulsory. They had previously tried to introduce this requirement in 1991, but some riders protested this at the Paris–Nice race, so the rule was not introduced. The nature of Kivilev's death, in that he was a lead rider, in one of the top French cycling teams, racing in a top stage race, coupled with advances in helmet technology, brought the debate back to the fore and conclusively so for the UCI. Whilst many riders were initially still against compulsory helmet use, the UCI ensured the rules requiring helmets to be worn at all times would be in place for the 2003 Giro d'Italia, which started just eight weeks after Kivilev's death. Dissension to the rule was initially high, but the new rules were affirmed in October 2003. Whilst at first the rule was loose and not tightly enforced, especially on mountain-top finishes, it has since been enforced more strictly and helmet-wearing is now universal and uncontroversial in the peloton of both professional as well as amateur races. It has also become common-place among recreational riders in many parts of the world. Major results 1995 1st Overall Tour of Turkey 1998 2nd Overall Vuelta Ciclista de Chile 9th GP Villafranca de Ordizia 10th Overall Tour Méditerranéen 1999 5th Züri-Metzgete 7th Overall Critérium International 2000 2nd Tour du Haut Var 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia 6th Overall Tour Méditerranéen 8th Clásica de San Sebastián 8th Züri-Metzgete 9th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré 2001 1st Overall Route du Sud 4th Overall Tour de France 4th Grand Prix de Villers-Cotterêts 5th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré 1st Stage 5 2002 3rd Overall Route du Sud 4th Overall Paris–Nice 4th Clásica de San Sebastián 5th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré 8th Overall Grand Prix du Midi Libre 2003 3rd Tour du