of the new period, although the new regime abruptly ended in Russian occupation during another Russo−Turkish War and the subsequent period of Russian influence. Most Phanariots were patrons of Greek culture, education and printing. They founded academies which attracted teachers and pupils from throughout the Orthodox commonwealth, and there was awareness of intellectual trends in Habsburg Europe. Many of the Phanariot princes were capable, farsighted rulers. As prince of Wallachia in 1746 and Moldavia in 1749, Constantine Mavrocordatos abolished serfdom and Alexandros Ipsilantis of Wallachia (reigned 1774–1782) initiated extensive administrative and legal reforms. Ipsilanti's reign coincided with subtle shifts in economic and social life and the emergence of spiritual and intellectual aspirations which pointed to the West and reform. Condemnation of the Phanariots is a focus of Romanian nationalism, usually integrated into a general resentment of foreigners. The tendency unifies pro− and anti−modernisation attitudes; Phanariot Greeks are painted as reactionary elements (by Communist Romania) and agents of brutal, opportunistic change (as in Mihai Eminescu's Scrisoarea a III-a). Extant Phanariot families Here is a non-exhaustive list of Phanariot families: Angelos, imperial family originally from central Philadelphia, Byzantine emperors. Argyropoulos, noble family of the Byzantine Empire also known as Argyros, see John Argyropoulos. Athanasovici Callimachi family, also known as Călmașu, Kalmaşu or Kallimaşu, originally a Romanian boyar family from Moldavia. Callivazis, originally from Trebizond, relocated to the Russian Empire. Canellou Cantacuzino, claimed to be originated from the Byzantine noble family Kantakouzenos. Caradjas, also known as Caragea or Karatzas. Caratheodoris family, see also Constantin Carathéodory Cariophyllis Chrisoscoleos Chrisovergis, also known as Hrisovergis, from the Peloponnese Diamandis Doukas, also known as Dukas, imperial family originally from Paphlagonia, Despotate of Epirus despots. Evalidis, also known as Evaoglous, Hadjievalidis, from Trebizond Geralis, from Kefalonia Ghica family, originally Albanians from Macedonia Hantzeris, also known as Handjeri, Hançeri, Pıçakçı and Hançeroglou, see Constantine Hangerli Kavadas, from Chios Komnenos, also known as Komnenus or Comnenos, including its cadet branches of Axouch, Axouchos or Afouxechos, from Trebizond, Byzantine and Trebizond emperors. Lambrinos Lapithis, from Crete Lazaridis, also known as Lazarević, a Serbianized family originally from Montenegro. Lermis, also known as Lermioglous or Lermilis, from Pontus. Levidis officials on the Patriarchate and dignitaries in the Imperial Court (Sublime Porte). Mamonas Manos, originated from Kastoria, see Aspasia Manos Mavrocordatos, from Chios, see Alexandros Mavrokordatos. Mavrogenis, from Paros, see Manto Mavrogenous. Mavroudis Mourouzis family, see Alexander Mourouzis Musurus, see Marcus Musurus Palaiologos, imperial