Price look-up codes, commonly called PLU codes, PLU numbers, PLUs, produce codes, or produce labels, are a system of numbers that uniquely identify bulk produce sold in grocery stores and supermarkets. The codes have been in use since 1990, and over 1400 have been assigned. The codes are administered by the International Federation for Produce Standards (IFPS), a global coalition of fruit and vegetable associations that was formed in 2001 to introduce PLU numbers globally. Produce labeled with PLU codes eliminates the need for grocery store checkers and customers to visually identify different varieties, which can make check-out and inventory control easier, faster, and more accuratesomething that is important when varieties of produce look similar but have different prices, such as organic and conventional (non-organic) varieties. Uses PLU codes are used primarily in retail grocery stores or supermarkets, where they are keyed into point of sale systems by cashiers or by customers at self checkout machines when the produce is being weighed or counted. The codes may be printed on small stickers, tags, or bands that are affixed to produce, or may be printed on signs. Since 2006, stickers with PLU codes may also have a GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional barcode. Numbering conventions Conventional produce is randomly assigned four-digit PLU codes in the 3000 and 4000 series. Organic produce may be designated by prefixing the four-digit conventional PLU with a 9. For example, conventional bananas are coded 4011, while organic bananas are coded 94011. In the future, the 83000 and 84000 series will be used, However, unlike the 9 prefix, the leading 8 will not denote a general category. (At one time, numbers prefixed with 8 were reserved for GMO products, but they were opened for general use after GMO growers declined to use them.) Retailer-assigned codes Some PLU code ranges are reserved for retailers. This allows codes to be defined by individual retailers or location, and allows the use of PLU codes in lieu of barcodes. There are retailer-assigned ranges for general and category-specific use. For example, 3170–3269 can be assigned by retailers to any goods, while 4193–4217 can only be assigned to apples. Suppliers may coordinate with their retailers to use the same code in the retailer-assigned range for a specific product. Promotion via PLU stickers Some producers have obtained a license to place characters on stickers on PLU code labels, often as a promotion for a movie,