in a particular judicial district, usually in response to shifting population numbers or a changing workload in that district. Although the number of Supreme Court justices has remained the same for well over a century, the number of court of appeals judges has more than doubled since 1950, and the number of district court judges has increased more than three-fold in that period. In addition, some district court judges serve on more than one court at a time. Non-Article III judges Unlike the judges of Article III courts, non-Article III judges are appointed for specified terms of office. Examples include United States magistrate judges and judges of the United States bankruptcy courts, United States Tax Court, United States Court of Federal Claims, and United States territorial courts. Although the term "non-Article III judges" is used to describe the absence of tenure and salary protection, bankruptcy courts are formally designated as divisions of U.S. District Courts, whose district judges are Article III judicial officers. Moreover, in Freytag v. Commissioner, 501 U.S. 868 (1991), the Supreme Court concluded that the judges of the U.S. Tax Court (and their special trial judges) exercise a portion of "the judicial power of the United States." See also Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts List of United States federal judges by longevity of service List of current United States Circuit Judges List of current United States district judges Federal judiciary of the United States Article Three of the United States Constitution PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records) CM/ECF (Case Management/Electronic Case Files) List of courts of the United States (outline of all state and federal courts in the United States) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Uniformity and jurisdiction in U.S. federal court tax decisions References External links Judicial Financial Disclosure Reports