Iochroma is a genus of about 34 species of shrubs and small trees belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Species are native from Mexico to south Brazil. They are found in the forests of Mexico and South America. Their hummingbird-pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular (cup-shaped) calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire. Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7–8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost-hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zones (zones 9–10) they can be used as landscape plants. They are commonly trained as standards (topiary) to control their size and shape. Iochroma flowers attract hummingbirds (Americas only) and bees to gardens. Like many plants in the Solanaceae, Iochroma species contain phytochemicals with potential pharmaceutical value but the genus has not been exhaustively studied in this respect. Iochroma fuchsioides is taken by the medicine men of the Kamsa Indians of the Sibundoy valley in the Colombian Andes for difficult diagnoses, the unpleasant side effects lasting several days. A variety of withanolides and hydroxycinnamic acid amides have been isolated from Iochroma species. Taxonomy The genus Iochroma was established by George Bentham in 1845. Like other plant families, the Solanaceae is divided further into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Iochroma is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera Dunalia, Eriolarynx, Saracha and Vassobia. , Acnistus, previously treated as a separate genus, was regarded as a synonym of Iochroma. Species The genus is currently divided into three sections. , Plants of the World Online accepts the following species: Section Iochroma Iochroma albianthum S.Leiva Iochroma ayabacense S.Leiva Iochroma calycinum Benth. Iochroma confertiflorum (Miers) Hunz. Iochroma cornifolium (Kunth) Miers Iochroma cyaneum (Lindl.) M.L.Green Iochroma edule S.Leiva Iochroma fuchsioides (Bonpl.) Miers Iochroma gesnerioides (Kunth) Miers Iochroma loxense Miers Iochroma nitidum S.Leiva & Quip. Iochroma peruvianum (Dunal) J.F.Macbr. Iochroma piuranum S.Leiva Iochroma salpoanum S.Leiva & Lezama Iochroma schjellerupii S.Leiva & Quip. Iochroma squamosum S.Leiva & Quip. Iochroma stenanthum S.Leiva, Quip. & N.W.Sawyer Iochroma tingoanum S.Leiva Iochroma tupayachianum S.Leiva Section Lehmannia Iochroma ellipticum (Hook.f.) Hunz. Iochroma lehmannii Bitter Section Spinosa Iochroma parvifolium (Roem. & Schult.) D'Arcy Unclassified Iochroma amicorum M.A.Cueva, S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva Iochroma arborescens (L.) J.M.H.Shaw Iochroma barbozae S.Leiva & Deanna Iochroma baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva Iochroma brevistamineum