in the lower chapel is upside down, since according to tradition Saint Peter was crucified that way. It has been long referenced that St. Peter was imprisoned at the Tullianum, and that the spring in the bottom of the pit came into existence miraculously to enable him to conduct baptisms, but the Catholic Encyclopedia points out that the spring had existed long before, and that there is little first hand account of St. Peter's imprisonment there other than being the only single celled prison available for VIPs deemed threats to the state. Saint Paul's imprisonment is well referenced by his Roman citizenship and decree of execution by Nero. People imprisoned at the Tullianum Eumenes III of Pergamum, also known as Aristonicus. Rebelled against Rome in 132 BC, and defeated in 130 BC. Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Catiline co-conspirator. Executed with other conspirators. Herennius Siculus, Gracchan sympathizer, hit his head on an architrave in his cell and died before he could be executed. Quintus Pleminius, propraetor. Arrested then exiled after fall from power. Gaius Pontius, leader of the Samnites during the Second Samnite War. Arrested and executed. Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls during the Gallic War. Executed at Caesar's Triumph in 46 BC. Adiatorix, tetrarch of Galatia. Imprisoned there for having put all Roman colonists to death at Heracleia. Jugurtha, King of Numidia. Died of starvation there in 104 BC. Saint Peter, imprisoned there before being crucified. Performed baptisms in a spring at the bottom of the pit. Saints Martinian and Processus, guards from the same prison. After being baptized by St. Peter, both were imprisoned awaiting execution. Sejanus, soldier and confidant of the Emperor Tiberius. Fell from power, was imprisoned there and then executed. Simon bar Giora, Jewish revolutionary leader. Captured in Judea and brought to Rome to be displayed during the triumphal procession. Executed in 70 AD. See also Lautumiae, quarries adjacent to or near the Tullianum also used as dungeons References External links Carcer (Platner's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome) Chapter Carcer in Hülsen's Foro Romano Catholic Encyclopedia on the prison and related Christian traditions Virtual tour to the prison and surroundings Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome Crime and punishment in ancient Rome Defunct prisons in Italy Roman Forum Rome R. X Campitelli