by cable (copper/fibre optic), mobile wireless, or satellite uplink (DVB-RCS). Professional applications, where data must be multiplexed in real time and then broadcast in the VHF/UHF band (e.g., digital TV contribution, satellite news gathering). These transmissions are not intended for the average viewer. Large-scale data content distribution. These include point-to-point and multicast services, as well as transmission to head-ends for (re-)distribution over other media. Improvements over DVB-S DVB-S2 is 30% more efficient than DVB-S. It allows a wider range of applications combining DVB-S features (for household tasks), and DVB-DSNG (for professional tasks). DVB-S2 can adapt codification to maximize satellites resources value. It is compatible with last generation. The main disadvantage, there are many millions of devices deployed using DVB-S over the world which has to be upgraded. The next table compares both standards. The DVB-S to DVB-S2 upgrade process The conversion process from DVB-S to DVB-S2 is being accelerated, due to the rapid increase of HDTV and introduction of 3D-HDTV. The main factor slowing down this process is the need to replace or upgrade set-top boxes, or acquire TVs with DVB-S2 integrated tuners, which makes the transition slower for established operators. Current direct-to-home broadcasters using DVB-S2 are: Australia VAST fully replaced the previous DVB-S Aurora service from December 2013. The extra capacity has allowed a Network Ten affiliate to be added along with five HD, seven SD multi-channels and limited advertisement targeting for viewers in DVB-T black-spot areas on Optus C1/D3 156E). Foxtel use this for their four HD downlinks on Optus D3 @ 156E. Germany, Austria and Switzerland ARD and ZDF. HD+. Servus TV. Sky. SRG SSR. Hungary Hello HD (also uses DVB-S for some SD and HD channels). Magyar Telekom. UPC Direct; also operates in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. India Sun Direct is the first broadcaster in India commenced transmission of HD Channels on DVB-S2 way back in 2007. Airtel Digital TV. Videocon d2h. Dish TV for all its HD/SD channel transmissions via AsiaSat 5 and DVB-S is being used for transmissions via NSS-6.. Tata Sky for its HD channel transmissions via INSAT-4A. Bangladesh Maasranga Television for its SD/HD channel transmissions via APSTAR-7. GaanBangla, NexusTV as well as most other channels Iran IRIB on Badr5 26°E and on Intelsat 902 62°E and on Eutelsat W3A 7°E. Gem Group on YahSat 1A 52.5°E. Turkey Digiturk on Eutelsat W3A 7°E. D-Smart on Turksat 3A 42°E. TRT (HDTV feed only)