the loan of Jewish slave laborers, which equated to per day per person. Judenrampe – "Jews ramp". At death camps and concentration camps, the rail platform for unloading newly arrived (usually Jewish) internees. Judenrat – Jewish council. The Gestapo established Judenräte (the plural) in ghettoes to have them carry out administrative duties. Judenrein – areas from which any trace of a Jewish bloodline would have been completely eradicated. German for "cleansed of Jews". Judensau – Jew-pig, or Jew-sow. This was a long-standing German defamation against Jews that accuses them of learning the Talmudic religion from "kissing, sucking the teats, and eating the feces of a sow." Judenstempel – The "Jewish stamp" was an annotation affixed on German passports by Nazi authorities from 1938 that included a red “J”, identifying the holder as a Jew. By July 1941 a police ordinance required this J-stamp to be included on the passport's cover. Judenstern – Yellow badge – a compulsory yellow Star of David badge worn on the arm or chest to identify Jews. Jüdische Grundspekulationsgesellschaften – Hitler's slang term for Jewish property speculation companies. Jüdischer Parasit Jud Süß (Jew Süss) – anti-Semitic pejorative used to associate the apostle Judas with Jews. It was also the title of a 1940 German film Jud Süß notorious for its anti-Semitic propaganda. Jugendschutzkammer (Youth Protection Chamber) – organization for representing and adjudicating the rights of young people in Nazi Germany. Representation could be made available for youths filing complaints against teachers or parents, for instance. Juliabkommen (July Agreement) – settlement made by German ambassador to Vienna (Franz von Papen) and Austrian chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg on 11 July 1936 to temper the foreign relations between Austria and Germany in the wake of an attempted Nazi Putsch during the summer of 1934. It was a precursor to further German imposition later by way of the Anschluss. 20 July Plot – failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime, by Army officers led by Oberst i. G. Claus von Stauffenberg and Generaloberst Ludwig Beck; see Operation Valkyrie. Jungmädel (Young Girls) – organization for girls below the age of fourteen. Jungvolk (Young People) – the junior division of the Hitler Youth which consisted of boys between 10 and 14 years of age. K Kameradschafts- und Gemeinschaftsstärkung – strengthening of comradeship and community; the Nazi Party's Gleichschaltung of social institutions. Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes (Militant