news content - regardless of the media type - and another set is used to support the functionality of IPTC's news exchange format standards. Media Topics The Media Topics is the IPTC's recommended controlled vocabulary for classifying media content by topic. Around 1,200 terms in a hierarchy describe the subject of news content in a generic, international way. The IPTC created Media Topics in 2010 as a successor to the IPTC'S previous subject taxonomy, SubjectCodes. The Media Topics vocabulary is actively maintained by the IPTC NewsCodes Working Group. Updates are released every two to three months including new terms and clarifications to existing terms. Translations of the Media Topics vocabulary are available in 12 languages and language variants: American English (en-US), Arabic (ar), Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR), British English (en-GB), Danish (dk), French (fr), German (de), Norwegian (no), Portuguese (pt-PT), Simplified Chinese (zh-Hans), Spanish (es) and Swedish (se). NewsML 1 NewsML 1 is an XML standard developed by the IPTC to provide a media-independent, structural enveloping framework for multi-media news. It has also been adopted as Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) X7201:2005. Although superseded in 2008 by NewsML-G2, NewsML 1 (as the original NewsML is now known) remains popular outside North America (especially in Asia) and IPTC plans to support this standard as NewsML 1.x indefinitely. ninjs ninjs standardizes the representation of news in JSON - a data interchange format. The format covers the data interchange by APIs and documents in content management systems like search engines. NITF - News Industry Text Format News Industry Text Format (NITF) is an XML specification published by the IPTC that is designed to standardize the content and structure of text-based news articles. RightsML RightsML is IPTC's Rights Expression Language for news media and is based on ODRL. rNews rNews is a standard for using semantic markup to annotate online news. It defines a data model for embedding machine-readable publishing metadata in web documents and a set of suggested implementations. Some properties of this standard have been adopted by Schema.org for its metadata schema. SportsML SportsML is an XML news exchange standard for sharing sports statistics in a concise, unambiguous way. All major sports are supported, and certain sports that are known for rich or especially complex statistics (such as baseball) can use special add-on modules. SportsML has found wide usage outside the news industry; among the user communities are sports teams, fantasy sports leagues, sports