London and Brighton In London, in company with Giuseppe Mazzini and other advanced politicians, he formed a "European Democratic Committee." From this Ruge soon withdrew, and in 1850, Ruge moved to Brighton to live as a teacher and writer. In 1866, he vigorously supported Prussia against Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, and in 1870, he supported Germany against France in the Franco-Prussian War. On a smaller scale, while in Brighton, he was chairman of the successful Park Crescent Residents' Association. In his last years, beginning in 1877, he received from the German government a pension of 1000 marks. He died in Brighton in 1880. Works In his time, Ruge was a leader in religious and political liberalism. In 1846-48 his Gesammelte Schriften (Collected writings) were published in ten volumes. After this time he wrote, among other books, Manifest an die deutsche Nation (1866), Geschichte unserer Zeit (1881), Unser System, Revolutionsnovellen, Die Loge des Humanismus, and Aus früherer Zeit (his memoirs; 1863–67). He also wrote many poems, and several dramas and romances, and translated into German various English works, including the Letters of Junius and Buckle's History of Civilization. His Letters and Diary (1825–80) were published by Paul Nerrlich (Berlin, 1885–87). See A. W. Bolin's L. Feuerbach, pp. 127–52 (Stuttgart, 1891). Notes References 1802 births 1880 deaths People from Bergen auf Rügen 19th-century philosophers 19th-century German people 19th-century German philosophers Continental philosophers Members of the Frankfurt Parliament People from Swedish Pomerania People of the Revolutions of 1848 Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni University of Jena alumni Heidelberg University alumni 19th-century German writers 19th-century German male writers