capacity of 56 kbit/s in 1990 and represents an average doubling time of aggregate international capacity of only 14 months over the entire history of AARNet (cf. Moore's Law). Application services In addition to providing high capacity Internet transmission and routing services and a comprehensive range of core Internet services including BGP, DNS, NTP and IPv6, AARNet also provides a variety of higher-layer network services including: Eduroam global federated authentication service, most often appearing as Eduroam Wi-Fi services on-campus and at associated locations VoIP IP telephony services AUCX unified voice and video communications exchange Cloud services including CloudStor file storage service AARNet mirror site to reduce load on international links due to repeated downloads of the same material. To further optimise network traffic loads, AARNet operates high capacity peering links with various major content providers including the Australian ABC, Apple, Microsoft and Amazon. Supporting big science Throughout their life, a major driver for the very high capacities of advanced Research and Education Internet networks including AARNet has been to meet the needs of data-intensive research across a wide range of research disciplines in both the sciences and the humanities. For example, to interconnect major research instruments such as synchrotrons and telescopes in remote locations to high performance computer systems and researchers around the world, such as astronomers in Europe viewing the southern sky using telescopes in Australia or high resolution realtime video links between remote locations. Most recently, AARNet has built a 100 Gbit/s WDM optical fibre transmission system from Perth to Geraldton and on to the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO) in Western Australia in support of Australia's component of the international Square Kilometre Array project and the initial ASKAP telescope array at the MRO. References External links AARNet AARNet mirror site Education in Australia Internet in Australia Internet mirror services Internet service providers of Australia National research and education networks Scientific organisations based in Australia Technology companies established in 1998 1998 establishments in Australia