is the difference between cynghanedd groes and cynghanedd draws. There may be any number of unanswered consonants in this part of the line, as long as the initial sequence of consonants and accent is repeated; compare an extreme possibility in a line of Dafydd ap Gwilym's The Girls of Llanbadarn, where only one syllable is repeated: (Words beginning with ⟨h⟩ are treated as beginning with a vowel.) Cynghanedd sain ("sound-harmony") The cynghanedd sain is characterised by internal rhyme. If the line is divided into three sections by its two caesuras, the first and second sections rhyme, and the third section repeats the consonantal patterns of the second. For example: Cynghanedd lusg ("drag-harmony") The final syllable before the caesura in the first half of the line makes full rhyme with the penultimate syllable of the line-final polysyllabic word (i.e. the main stressed syllable of the second half). For example: Other details A comprehensive account of cynghanedd would run to many thousands of words: many sub-types and subtleties must be accounted for by a full description of the system. Internal rhyme in Breton A form of cynghanedd lusg known as "internal rhyme" (Breton : klotennoù diabarzh, enklotennoù or kenganez) was frequently used in Middle Breton, between the XIIth and XVIIth centuries, in poetry, like in Pemzec Leuenez Maria or in the sonnet from Français Moeam, and theatre like in lots of misterioù, religious pieces, such as Buhez Sante Barba'. Two of the oldest works with internal rhymes are the Ivonet Omnes verses, which seem to be an old Breton lay and Dialog etre Arzuz Roe d'an bretounet ha Guiclaff, a prophetic text in dialogues. This is an extract of An Dialog etre Arzur Roe d'an Bretounet ha Guynglaff (48-49 verses) : Though it isn't as used as cynghanedd in Modern Welsh, some authors have published some work using this internal rhyme in poetry (Alan Botrel) or in the form of a lay like Lae Izold by Paskal Tabuteau. Bibliography Hopwood, Mererid (2004), Singing in Chains: Listening to Welsh Verse. Llandysul: Gomer. . Llwyd, Alan (2007), Anghenion y Gynghanedd. Barddas. Turco, Lewis (1986), The New Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics. University Press of New England: London. . Emile Ernault, L'ancien Vers breton, Honoré Champion, 1912 ; republished by Brud Nevez, 1991 Notes External links For an example of a poem in English using cynghanedd, see the poem by Katherine Bryant at