army and after subsequent reconciliation, Qianlong recognised Nguyễn Huệ (aka Quang Trung) as the ruler of Vietnam. What motivated the Qing imperial government to interfere in Vietnam's domestic affairs has always been disputed. Chinese scholars claimed that the Qianlong Emperor simply wanted to restore the Lê emperor to the throne in order to end instability in Vietnam while not seeking any territorial gains. Vietnamese scholars on the other hand have argued, that Qianlong intended to make Vietnam a vassal. China would station troops in Vietnam and install Lê Chiêu Thống as its puppet king. In perspective In his later years, the Qianlong Emperor referred to himself with the grandiose style name of "Old Man of the Ten Completed [Great Campaigns]" (十全老人). He also wrote an essay enumerating the victories in 1792, Record of Ten Completions (十全记). However, the campaigns were a major financial drain on the Qing dynasty, costing more than 151 million silver taels. Nearly 1.5 million piculs (1 picul = 100 catties) of cargo were transported for the campaign in Taiwan. The outcomes of the campaigns were also modest. Although the tribes at Jinchuan numbered less than 30,000 households, they took five years to pacify. Instead of restoring Lê Chiêu Thống to the throne in Vietnam as the campaign had intended, the Qianlong Emperor ended up making peace with the new Tây Sơn dynasty and arranged for marriages between the imperial families of Qing and Tây Sơn. See also Qing dynasty in Inner Asia Notes References Further reading 18th-century conflicts 18th century in Burma 18th century in China 18th century in Nepal 18th century in Vietnam Eight Banners Qianlong Emperor Rebellions in the Qing dynasty Wars involving the Qing dynasty Wars involving Vietnam