joined the movement following a visit to Switzerland. For him, "the need to uphold truth and reconciliation, and abjure expediency and acrimony, became ever more imperative. In 1960 Archbishop Makarios and Dr Kucuk, President and Vice-President of Cyprus, jointly sent the first flag of independent Cyprus to Frank Buchman at Caux in recognition of MRA's help. In Japan several conservative leaders of the 1950s were active in the movement, allowing them to make contact with likeminded leaders in Europe and the US. Yasuhiro Nakasone, Ichiro Hatoyama, and Nobusuke Kishi, were all involved in the movement. Criticism MRA was regularly attacked in the 1950s by the Radio Moscow Overseas Service. In November 1952 it said, "Moral Re-Armament supplants the inevitable class war by the 'permanent struggle between good and evil'," and "has the power to attract radical revolutionary minds." The Catholic theologian John Hardon claimed that the movement's political ideas were naïve, since they appeared to assume that moral awakening would solve "social problems that have vexed humanity since the dawn of history". Other Catholics took a different view. In 1993 Cardinal Franz Koenig, Archbishop of Vienna, wrote that "Buchman was a turning-point in the history of the modern world through his ideas." The actress Glenn Close, whose parents were part of the movement, has described it as a cult. Influence MRA has always been active in industry and business. In Buchman's view, management and labour could "work together like the fingers on the hand", and in order to make that possible he aimed to answer "the self-will in management and labour who are both so right, and so wrong". MRA's role was to offer the experience which would free those people's hearts and minds from the motivations or prejudices which prevent just solutions. William Grogan, an International Vice-President of the Transport Workers Union of America, said that "between 1946 and 1953 national union leaders, local union officials, shop stewards and rank and file union members from 75 countries had received training" in MRA principles. Evert Kupers, for 20 years president of the Dutch Confederation of Trades Unions, stated that "the thousands who have visited Caux have been deeply impressed by its message for our age and by the real comradeship they found there". In France Maurice Mercier, secretary-general of the textile workers within the Force Ouvriere, said: "Class war today means one half of humanity against the other half, each