real tap dancer". Music historian Eileen Southern calls him the "principal black professional minstrel of the antebellum period (and) a link between the white world and authentic black source material". Scholars point to Juba as the first African American to insert aspects of authentic black culture into American dance and theater. In so doing, Juba ensured that blackface dance was more authentically African than the other elements of the minstrel show. Wallace has gone so far as to call Juba "the pater alios of black masculine dance history, and the 'initiator and determinant of the form itself,' a form which lends visible expression to the difficult dialectics of black masculinity". Johnson, however, has cautioned against this interpretation. His reading of the primary sources sees more evidence of eccentricity in Juba's dance than of a proto-tap or -jazz. Notes References Myers, D. Walton (2015). "Juba!: A Novel". New York, New York: Amistad. Brown, T. Allston (1903). A History of the New York Stage from the First Performance in 1732 to 1901, Vol. I. New York City: Dodd, Mead and Company. Cockrell, Dale (1997). Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World. Cambridge University Press. . Cook, James W. (October 1, 2003). "Dancing across the Color Line", Common-place, vol. 4, no. 1. Accessed April 1, 2008. DeFrantz, Thomas (1996). "Simmering Passivity: The Black Male Body in Concert Dance", Moving Words: Re-writing Dance. New York City: Routledge. . Dickens, Charles (1880). Pictures from Italy, and American Notes for General Circulation. Boston: Houghton, Osgood and Company. Fine, Elizabeth C. (2003). Soulstepping: African American Step Shows. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. . Floyd, Samuel A. (1995). The Power of Black Music: Interpreting Its History from Africa to the United States. Oxford University Press. . Gerteis, Louis S. (1997). "Blackface Minstrelsy and the Construction of Race in Nineteenth-Century America", Union & Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. . Hill, Errol G. and James V. Hatch (2003). A History of African American Theatre. Cambridge University Press. . Johnson, Stephen (2003). "Juba's Dance: An Assessment of Newly Acquired Information", on The Juba Project. Originally published in Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Society of Dance History Scholars. Online version accessed February 25, 2008. Johnson, Stephen (1999). "Past the Documents, to the Dance: The Witness to Juba in 1848", on The Juba Project. Originally