Germany the term coloratura () has been applied to the stereotypical and formulaic ornamentation used in 16th‑century keyboard music written by a group of German organ composers referred to as the "colorists" (). Despite its derivation from Latin colorare ("to color"), the term does not apply to the practice of "coloring" the voice, i.e. altering the quality or timbre of the voice for expressive purposes (for example, the technique of voix sombrée used by Gilbert Duprez in the 1830s). Vocal ranges The term is not restricted to describing any one range of voice. All female and male voice types may achieve mastery of coloratura technique. There are coloratura parts for all voice types in different musical genres. Nevertheless, the term coloratura, when used without further qualification, normally means . A coloratura soprano role, most famously typified by the Queen of the Night in Mozart's The Magic Flute, has a high range and requires the singer to execute with great facility elaborate ornamentation and embellishment, including running passages, staccati, and trills. A coloratura soprano has the vocal ability to produce notes above high C (C6) and possesses a tessitura ranging from A4 to A5 or higher (unlike lower sopranos whose tessitura is G4–G5 or lower). Richard Miller names two types of soprano coloratura voices (the coloratura and the dramatic coloratura) as well as a mezzo-soprano coloratura voice, and although he does not mention the coloratura contralto, he includes mention of specific works requiring coloratura technique for the contralto voice. Examples of coloratura music for different voice ranges include: Mozart's Allelujah (from Exsultate, jubilate) may be arranged for and sung by a properly trained contralto, mezzo-soprano or soprano. The piece was written for soprano castrato. The aria Every valley shall be exalted from Handel's Messiah is an example of a coloratura piece for tenor. Each singer of a major role in Rossini's operas must have a secure coloratura technique. Osmin, a character in Mozart's The Abduction from the Seraglio, is a coloratura role for a basso. Agitata da due venti ("Agitated by two winds") a coloratura contralto aria, from Antonio Vivaldi's opera Griselda. See also Bel canto Diatonic and chromatic § Medieval coloration Citations Works cited Apel, Willi, ed. (1969). Harvard Dictionary of Music, second edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. . Miller, Richard (2000). Training soprano voices. New York: Oxford University Press. . Randel, Don Michael, ed.;