Glundandra: Jupiter. Hnau or 'nau: A rational being, capable of speech, intellect, and personhood, and containing a soul. Handra: A planet or land. Hrū: Blood. Lurga: Saturn. Malacandra: Mars. Maleldil: The Christian God, described in Perelandra as having been incarnated as Jesus. Oyarsa (pl. Oyéresu) (title): Ruler of a planet. A higher-order angel. Perelandra: Venus. Sulva: The Moon. Thulcandra: Earth, literally "The Silent Planet". Viritrilbia: Mercury. Parallels and adaptations The cosmology of all three books—in which the Oyéresu of Mars and Venus somewhat resemble the corresponding gods from classical mythology—derives from Lewis's interest in medieval beliefs. Lewis discusses these ideas in his book The Discarded Image, which was published much later than the Space Trilogy. Lewis was intrigued with the ways medieval authors borrowed concepts from pre-Christian religion and science and attempted to reconcile them with Christianity, and with the lack of a clear distinction between natural and supernatural phenomena in medieval thought. The Space Trilogy also plays on themes in Lewis's essay "Religion and Rocketry", which argues that as long as humanity remains flawed and sinful, our exploration of other planets will tend to do them more harm than good. Furthermore, much of the substance of the argument between Ransom and Weston in Perelandra is found in Lewis's book Miracles. Links between Lewis's Space Trilogy and his other writings are discussed at great length in Michael Ward's Planet Narnia and in Kathryn Lindskoog's C.S. Lewis: Mere Christian. In That Hideous Strength, Lewis alludes several times to Tolkien's Atlantean civilization Numinor (spelt Númenor by Tolkien), saying in the foreword, "Those who would like to learn further about Numinor and the True West must (alas!) await the publication of much that still exists only in the MSS. of my friend, Professor J. R. R. Tolkien." References Further reading Butts, Dennis. "The Abolition of Man?: Horror in the Science Fiction of C.S. Lewis". In Clive Bloom (ed), Creepers: British Horror and Fantasy in the Twentieth Century. London and Boulder CO: Pluto Press, pp. 111–19. Downing, David C. Planets in Peril: A Critical Study of CS Lewis's Ransom Trilogy. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. Sammons, Martha C. A Guide Through CS Lewis' Space Trilogy. Westchester, IL: Cornerstone Books, 1980. External links Is Man a Myth? — C. S. Lewis and the Abolition of Man C.S. Lewis, That Hideous Strength: Science and Magic, Spirit and Matter, and the Figure of Merlin Book