the Morea, where Byzantine culture enjoyed its last flowering before the Ottoman conquest. The defeat at Pelagonia also ended the supremacy of the Principality of Achaea in the affairs of Frankish Greece, and the Nicaean/Byzantine offensive that followed further curtailed its political independence. No longer able to confront the resurgent Byzantines, Prince William turned to the successors of Manfred of Sicily, the Angevins of Naples, for aid, as, faced with a common enemy, did the Greek rulers of Epirus and Thessaly. The result was the Treaty of Viterbo in 1267, after which, in the words of the historian Peter Lock, "The Frankish states of the Aegean [...] became virtual marcher lordships of the Angevin kingdom of Naples and no longer lordships in their own right. They become subsumed in the power politics of the Mediterranean as viewed from a Neapolitan perspective". Footnotes References Sources 1259 in Europe 13th century in Greece Battles in medieval Macedonia Battles involving the Cumans Battles involving the Despotate of Epirus Battles involving the Empire of Nicaea Battles involving the Kingdom of Sicily Battles involving the Principality of Achaea Pelagonia Battles of the Crusades History of North Macedonia Conflicts in 1259 Michael VIII Palaiologos Pelagonia