is shaped by the grammatical properties of the V (verb) which heads the structure. The CP (complementizer phrase) structure incorporates the grammatical information which identifies the clause as declarative or interrogative, main or embedded. The structure is shaped by the abstract C (complementiser) which is considered the head of the structure. In embedded clauses the C position accommodates complementizers. In German declarative main clauses, C hosts the finite verb. Thus the V2 structure is analysed as 1 Topic element (specifier of CP) 2 Finite-verb form (C=head of CP) i.e. verb-second 3 Remainder of the clause In embedded clauses, the C position is occupied by a complementizer. In most Germanic languages (but not in Icelandic or Yiddish), this generally prevents the finite verb from moving to C. The structure is analysed as 1 Complementizer (C=head of CP) 2 Bulk of clause (VP), including, in German, the subject. 3 Finite verb (V position) This analysis does not provide a structure for the instances in some language of root clauses after bridge verbs. Example: Danish Vi ved at denne bog har Bo ikke læst with the object of the embedded clause fronted. (Literally 'We know that this book has Bo not read') The solution is to allow verbs such as ved to accept a clause with a second (recursive) CP. The complementizer occupies C position in the upper CP. The finite verb moves to the C position in the lower CP. See also Second position clitics Notes Literature Adger, D. 2003. Core syntax: A minimalist approach. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Ágel, V., L. Eichinger, H.-W. Eroms, P. Hellwig, H. Heringer, and H. Lobin (eds.) 2003/6. Dependency and valency: An international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Andrason, A. (2020). Verb second in Wymysorys. Oxford University Press. Borsley, R. 1996. Modern phrase structure grammar. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Carnie, A. 2007. Syntax: A generative introduction, 2nd edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Emonds, J. 1976. A transformational approach to English syntax: Root, structure-preserving, and local transformations. New York: Academic Press. Fagan, S. M. B. 2009. German: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Fischer, O., A. van Kermenade, W. Koopman, and W. van der Wurff. 2000. The Syntax of Early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fromkin, V. et al. 2000. Linguistics: An introduction to linguistic theory. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Harbert, Wayne. 2007. The Germanic Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hook, P.