element in rose windows at this time. Oculi style Example(s): Pazzi Chapel (1429–1443 A.D.) Renaissance style This began the break of the Gothic style and instead started the renewal of the Classical art style. A defining characteristic about the Renaissance style is the use of ferramenta instead of stone tracery. Creating abstract figures within rose windows was particularly prevalent at this time. Example(s): Seville Cathedral (1536 A.D.) Plate tracery style Bar tracery style Rayonnant Gothic style Baroque (1600–1725 A.D.) Baroque style Common with this style, was the use of circular, oval, and organic complex shapes; not just circular shapes. Neoclassical (1760–1830 A.D.) Oculi style The Revival (mid-19th–20th centuries A.D.) This was a time of restoring, recreating, and creating cathedrals, inspired by older designs. This phenomenon spread across Europe being particularly prevalent in Britain, France, and Germany. Plate Tracery style Bar Tracery style Wheel Window style Flamboyant Gothic style Renaissance style Rayonnant Gothic style Rose pattern tracery was very popular. Modern (1860–1970s A.D.) It is speculated that the Modern period of rose windows is a continuation of the Revival period previous. Modern style The rose design itself would often be interpreted very abstractly with stained glass as well as new types of glass such as dalle de verre. Galleries Gallery showing stone mullions and tracery Gallery showing stained glass See also Kaleidoscope Mandala Stained glass English Gothic stained glass windows French Gothic stained glass windows References Henry Adams, Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres, Paul Hamlyn, Sarah Brown, Stained Glass- an Illustrated History, Bracken Books, Painton Cowen, The Rose Window, London and New York, 2005 (offers the most complete overview of the evolution and meaning of the form, accompanied by hundreds of colour illustrations.) Giovanni Fanelli, Brunelleschi, 1980, Becocci editore Firenze. ISBN unknown Sir Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method, first published 1896, current edition 2001, Elsevier Science & Technology Helen Gardner, Art through the Ages, 5th edition, Harcourt, Brace and World, John Harvey, English Cathedrals, 1963, Batsford, ISBN Lawrence Lee, George Seddon, Francis Stephens, Stained Glass, Spring Books, Elizabeth Morris, Stained and Decorative Glass, Doubleday, Anne Mueller von der Haegen, Ruth Strasser, Art and Architecture of Tuscany, 2000, Konemann, Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture; 7th ed., Penguin Books, 1964, ISBN unknown Joseph Rykwert, "Leonis Baptiste Alberti", Architectural Design, Vol. 49 No. 5–6, Holland St, London Otto von Simson (1956), The Gothic Cathedral, Origins of Gothic Architecture and