(see Volvo P1800)as well as certain Citroen DS21. Also introduced for 1968 was a fully automatic transmission. A notable advance from the Type 1 to the Type 3 was the front suspension—although similar to the Type 1, it was the first Volkswagen front suspension to incorporate transverse round torsion bars, as opposed to the Type 1's torsion leaves. The Type 3's torsion bars are cross-mounted in the lower tube, so that each individual torsion bar spans the full width of the car, the upper tube containing an anti-roll bar that connects the upper trailing links to each other. The complete front suspension unit is rubber-mounted to the car's floorpan. In 1968 the rear suspension was upgraded to double jointed CV joint semi trailing arm suspension (sometimes called "IRS" by VW enthusiasts to differentiate it from the previous IRS swing-axle type), a design feature that previously appeared on the VW Type 2 in 1967. The Type 3 offered both front and rear enclosed luggage areas, with cargo accessibile via both the boot (trunk) and the bonnet (hood). In each of the 3 variants (Notchback, Squareback, and Fastback) as well as the Type 2's from 1973 on, the engine was located under and accessed by a panel in the rear trunk. This engine placement was highlighted in a period Volkswagen television commercial for the American market. It featured a very young actor Dustin Hoffman showing the interior of the Fastback model and explaining the car's technical features but unable to locate the engine. The ad closed with the copy, "Your VW dealer will show you where the motor is." The original Type 3 with 5-stud wheels (5 × 205 mm PCD) used twin leading shoe drum brakes at the front. In August '65 (the '66 model year) these were replaced by disc brakes, coinciding with the introduction of the Fastback and 1600 engine (Australian-built models retained drum front brakes until August 1967). These have 4-stud wheels (4 × 130 mm PCD) with 8 cooling slots. Rear brakes were always leading / trailing shoe drums. Technical data Production figures German production: Type 31 1500/1600 Notchback/Fastback: 1,339,124 Type 36 1500/1600 Variant: 1,202,935 Type 351 1500/1600 Convertible (prototypes): 12 1500/1600 chassis and works prototypes: 311 Brazilian production: Notchback: 24,475 Fastback: 109,515 Variant: 256,760 Variant II: 41,002 Australian production The Type 3 was manufactured at Clayton in Victoria, Australia, from 1963 in sedan, station wagon and