I of Bavaria changed his royal titles to Ludwig, King of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, Duke in Swabia and Count Palatinate of the Rhine. As of 1818, the total population of the kingdom was at 3.7 million, rising to 4.4 million by 1840 and to 6.2 million by 1900, reaching 6.5 million in 1910. Modern Bavaria has 12.5 million inhabitants (as of 2012); the population of Altbayern or Bavaria proper is at 6.7 million. List of notable Bavarians Scientists Johann Schmidlap (16th century), fireworks maker and rocket pioneer Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826), physicist known for discovering the dark absorption lines known as Fraunhofer lines in the sun's spectrum Max Joseph von Pettenkofer (1818–1901), chemist and hygienist Johannes Stark (1874–1957), physicist, laureate of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physics Feodor Lynen (1911–1979), biochemist, laureate of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Rudolf Mössbauer (1929–2011), physicist, laureate of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics Business Johanna Händlmaier (?–1950), company co-founder of Händlmaier and creator of a recipe for a sweet Bavarian mustard Stefan Schörghuber (1961–2008), businessman Politicians Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811–1864), King of Bavaria (1848–1864) Ludwig II of Bavaria (1845–1886), King of Bavaria (1864–1886) Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (1900–1945), Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany Franz Josef Strauß (1915–1988), politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (1978–1988) Roman Herzog (1934–2017), politician, judge, and legal scholar, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1994–1999) Edmund Stoiber (1941–), politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (1993–2007) Horst Seehofer (1949–), politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (2008–2018) Artists Asam brothers, Cosmas Damian (1686–1739) and Egid Quirin (1692–1750), sculptors, workers in stucco, painters, and architects Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714–1787), composer Franz Hanfstaengl (1804–1877), painter, lithographer, and photographer Carl Spitzweg (1808–1885), painter Richard Strauss (1864–1949), composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921), writer Emerenz Meier (1874–1928), folk poet Franz Marc (1880–1916), painter and printmaker Karl Valentin (1882–1948), comedian Carl Orff (1895–1982), composer and music educator Michael Ende (1929–1995), writer Franzl Lang (1930–2015), singer and actor Gerhard Polt (1942–), writer, filmmaker, actor, and cabaret artist Werner Herzog (1942–), filmmaker, actor, and writer Uschi Glas (1944–), actress and singer Patrick Süskind (1949–), writer and screenwriter Bernd Eichinger (1949–2011), film producer, director, and screenwriter Ottfried Fischer (1953–), retired actor and Kabarett artist Jonas Kaufmann (1969–), operatic tenor Sportspeople Franz Beckenbauer (1945–), former professional footballer and manager Philipp Lahm (1983–), former professional footballer and captain of the