further provide a degree of partitioning. The best known aspect of interspecific interactions with other owls and assorted other predators is interspecific predations. The Ural owl is at times vulnerable to predation by larger predators when encounters occur. Undoubtedly, the most dangerous predator is likely the Eurasian eagle-owl.Mikkola, H. (1976). Owls killing and killed by other owls and raptors in Europe. British Birds, 69, 144-154. Other predators known to prey upon Ural owls have included golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), mountain hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) as well as diurnal raptors that are only slightly larger, including the northern goshawk and lesser spotted eagle (Clanga pomarina).Sulkava, S., Huhtala, K., Rajala, P., & Tornberg, R. (1999). Changes in the diet of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos and small game populations in Finland in 1957-96. Ornis Fennica, 76, 1-16.Nechaev, V.A. & Kharchenko, V.A. (2012). Modern Distribution and Biology Peculiarities of the Eastern Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus nipalensis orientalis Temmnick et Schelgel, 1844) in Russia. Russian Birds, 571 (63): 238-244.Dravecký, M., Danko, Š., Obuch, J., Kicko, J., Maderič, B., Karaska, D., Vrana, J., Sreibr, O., Šotnár, K., Vrlik, P. & Bohačík, L. (2008). Diet of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Slovakia. Slovak Raptor Journal, 2, 1-18. In most cases mentioned above, the age of the Ural owl taken by the predators are not usually specified (although any of the first three large eagles are certainly capable of striking down Ural owls potentially of any age). In some cases, goshawks have been known to kill parent Ural owls apparently entirely out of competition (despite different main food sources) and lay their eggs on a nest still containing the owls’ eggs. Predators specifically noted to have taken young Ural owls, usually of around fledgling age or shortly post-dispersal (especially those used in reintroductions) have additionally included red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), European pine martens (Martes martes) and great grey owls.Leditznig, C., & Kohl, I. (2013). Die Wiederansiedlung des Habichtskauzes (Strix uralensis) in den nördlichen Kalkalpen. Silva Fera-wissenschaftliche Nachrichten aus dem Wildnisgebiet Dürrenstein, 2, 78-93. In Primorsky Krai, Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are mentioned as potential or likely predators of Ural owls nests as well. In one recorded instance, a Ural owl that was observed seemingly trying to prey upon a non-native American mink (Neogale vison) was seen to lose the confrontation when the