West gallery music, also known as Georgian psalmody, refers to the sacred music (metrical psalms, with a few hymns and anthems) sung and played in English parish churches, as well as nonconformist chapels, from 1700 to around 1850. In the late 1980s, west gallery music experienced a revival and is now sung by several west gallery "quires" (choirs). The term "west gallery" derives from the wooden galleries which in the 18th century were constructed at the west end of typical churches, and from which gallery the choir would perform. Churches were built in a standard layouts, with the nave running from east-west away from the altar, so that the west gallery or choir, would face the altar, the same way as, but above, the church-goers. Victorians disapproved of the Georgian galleries, and most were removed during restorations in the 19th century. By the 1700s, many church goers were unsatisfied by the state of congregational singing, which resulted in the formation of amateur choirs, which were initially male. In rural English churches, congregations often lacked an organ, but still needed support in order to maintain pitch in complex music. From the mid 1700s, we see this initially practice by the presence of an accompanying bass instrument and later a small band that was flexible on instrumentation but most commonly consisted of flutes, clarinets, bassoons, cellos, and violins. Originally, instrumentalists would double the vocal parts, but later, more complex music was added with specific instrumentation, such as small symphonies. The repertory consisted mainly of metrical psalms and anthems, and fuguing tunes were particularly common in the mid-18th century. Many teachers, such as Michael Beesly and William Tans'ur sold their own psalmody, and borrowed freely from each other. In addition, many musicians made their own manuscript compilations due to the prohibitive cost of printed books. Most of these composers were also amateurs and often learned from other psalmodists, although, some may have been conventionally trained. This lack of training resulted in peculiar compositions, and early repertoire was based on linear composition from the Renaissance, often using open fifths and false relations. Some additional characteristics of this music include unexpected dissonances, consecutive 5ths and octaves, great originality, intensive word painting, strong melodic lines, and the prevalence of the tenor voice, often doubled an octave higher by treble voices. Gallery music was viewed as a financially viable genre by many professional composers, such as, John