3rd person singular suffix *-pi is represented by a chroneme, i.e. a lengthening of the preceding vowel; e.g. *tule-βi 's/he comes' → Old Finnish tuleu → Modern Finnish tulee. Between two unstressed short vowels (i.e. in the weak grade of suffixal gradation), *ð and *h were lost (but not after a diphthong, cf. illative plurals in -oihin, verbs in -oida); these may be preserved in a variety of dialects. After a stressed vowel, *ð remained up until the dissolution of the Finnish dialects. It was lost entirely in Eastern Finnish, while Western Finnish dialects have varying reflexes: or in multiple western dialects, in the old Tavastian dialects, in archaic Southwestern and Northwestern dialects. As the area of shrunk throughout the 17th—19th centuries, standard Finnish developed as a spelling pronunciation of orthographical d, modeled after other languages such as Swedish, German and Russian. *ɣ also remained until the dissolution of the Finnish dialects. It was generally lost, but in the western dialects it may have become (most widely between a liquid and , as in kylki, järki below) or (between two close labial vowels, as in puku below). The geminate affricate *cc : *c̆c (found in e.g. *meccä 'forest') was fronted to a dental fricative *θθ : *θ. This sound has been lost in most dialects. Widely in Eastern dialects, both grades became , leading to loss of gradation. Standard Finnish was left with an unalternating (metsä : metsän), a spelling pronunciation similar to the case of . Other patterns found include unalternating ; alternating : (coinciding with original *tt); alternating : (in Eastern dialects, coinciding with original *ht); alternating : ; and alternating ~ . These changes have made qualitative gradation become more complex, especially in the case of k. In standard Finnish, k is the phoneme with the most possible changes. It can disappear as in jalka 'foot' → jalan 'foot-Gen', or: /j/ has been lost in this position in Southeastern Tavastian, Northern Bothnian and Eastern dialects, resulting in kurki (crane) : kuren (crane's) instead of the standard form kurjen. Short t also has developed more complex gradation due to various assimilations. Patterns include t : d (tietää : tiedän), rt : rr (kertoa : kerron), lt : ll (pelto : pellon), and nt ~ nn (antaa ~ annan). Alternation patterns for p include p : v (tapa : tavan) and mp : mm (lampi : lammen). Analogical extension