(Sophist) c. 430 – c. 350 BCE). Sophist. Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 425 – c 350 BCE). Cosmologist. Hippo (c. 425 – c 350 BCE). Atheist cosmologist. Xenophon (c. 427 – 355 BCE). Historian. Plato (c. 427 – 347 BCE). Famed for view of the transcendental forms. Advocated polity governed by philosophers. Speusippus (c. 408 – 339 BCE). Nephew of Plato. Eudoxus of Cnidus (c. 408 – 355 BCE). Pupil of Plato. Diogenes of Sinope (c. 404 – 323 BCE). Cynic. Xenocrates (c. 396 – 314 BCE). Disciple of Plato. Aristotle (c. 384 – 322 BCE). A polymath whose works ranged across all philosophical fields. Hellenistic era philosophers 300–200 BCE Theophrastus (c. 371 – c. 287 BCE). Peripatetic. Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360 – 270 BCE). Skeptic. Strato of Lampsacus (c. 340 – c. 268 BCE). Atheist, Materialist. Theodorus the Atheist (c. 340 – c. 250 BCE). Cyrenaic. Epicurus (c. 341 – 270 BCE). Materialist Atomist, hedonist. Founder of Epicureanism Zeno of Citium (c. 333 – 264 BCE). Founder of Stoicism. Timon (c. 320 – 230 BCE). Pyrrhonist, skeptic. Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 – c. 230 BCE). Astronomer. Euclid (fl. 300 BCE). Mathematician, founder of geometry. Archimedes (c. 287 – c. 212 BCE). Mathematician and inventor. Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280 – 207 BCE). Major figure in Stoicism. Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BCE). Geographer and mathematician. 200–100 BCE Carneades (c. 214 – 129 BCE). Academic skeptic. Understood probability as the purveyor of truth. Hipparchus of Nicaea (c. 190 – c. 120 BCE). Astronomer and mathematician, founder of trigonometry. Roman era philosophers 100 BCE – 1 CE Cicero (c. 106 BCE – 43 BCE) Skeptic. Political theorist. Lucretius (c. 99 – 55 BCE). Epicurean. 1–100 CE Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BCE – 30 or 33 CE) the founder of Christianity. Philo (c. 20 BCE – 50 CE). Believed in the allegorical method of reading texts. Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BCE – 65 CE). Stoic. Quintilian (c. 35 CE – c. 100 CE). Rhetorician and teacher. Hero of Alexandria (c. 10 CE – c. 70 CE). Engineer. 100–200 CE Epictetus (c. 55 – 135). Stoic. Emphasized ethics of self–determination. Marcus Aurelius (121–180). Stoic. 200–400 CE Sextus Empiricus (fl. during the 2nd and possibly the 3rd centuries AD). Skeptic, Pyrrhonist. Plotinus (c. 205 – 270). Neoplatonist. Had a holistic metaphysics. Porphyry (c. 232 – 304). Student of