Wilopo (21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1952 to 1953. A capable administrator, he held various other positions during his career, including as Minister of Labor, Minister of Economic Affairs, speaker of the Constitutional Assembly, and chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council. Born into a Muslim family in Purworejo, Wilopo attended the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia, during which time he became active in educational and nationalist groups. After graduating, he worked as a lawyer and was a member of both the Indonesia Party and later Indonesian People's Movement. During the Japanese occupation period, he joined both the Center of the People’s Power and Suishintai organizations. In 1945, shortly after the proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Wilopo joined the newly-formed Republican government, becoming a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee. He was later appointed Junior Minister of Labor by Prime Minister Amir Sjarifuddin in 1947. Following the recognition of sovereignty in the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, in which he took part, Wilopo was appointed Minister of Labor by Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta in 1949. He also emerged as a leader in the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and became Minister of Economic Affairs in the Soekiman Cabinet. In 1952, following a foreign policy debacle, the Soekiman Cabinet fell and Wilopo was appointed formateur of a new cabinet by President Sukarno. He opted to form a new cabinet consisting of pro-Western technocrats with unity, a common policy orientation, and the support of the PNI and Masyumi Party, even though both parties were unenthusiastic partners. As prime minister, Wilopo presided over a realignment of political forces as the PNI grew increasingly wary of the Masyumi, the Nahdlatul Ulama split off from the Masyumi, and the Communist Party (PKI) re-entered the political scene. His premiership was also marked by a succession of crises, including an economic crisis and a show of force by the Indonesian Army, who opposed his cabinet's demobilization scheme, culminating in the downfall of his cabinet over a land dispute in North Sumatra. Afterwards, Wilopo continued to serve in public office, serving as speaker of the Constitutional Assembly (1956–1959) and chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council (1968–1978). He died in Jakarta in 1981. Early life and education Early life Wilopo was born in Purworejo, on October 21, 1909. He was born to modest family in Central Java.