space. This is called structural mode scattering. The remaining part of the energy is absorbed due to the antenna effect. Some part of the absorbed energy is again scattered back into the space due to the impedance mismatches, called antenna mode scattering. See also System Planning Corporation Electromagnetic modeling Infrared signature Survivability References Shaeffer, Tuley and Knott. Radar Cross Section. SciTech Publishing, 2004. . Harrington, Roger F. Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1961. Balanis, Constantine A. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. Wiley, 1989. . “A Hybrid Method Based on Reciprocity for the Computation of Diffraction by Trailing Edges”David R. Ingham, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 43 No. 11, November 1995, pp. 1173–82. “Revised Integration Methods in a Galerkin BoR Procedure” David R. Ingham, Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES ) Journal 10 No. 2, July, 1995, pp. 5–16. “A Hybrid Approach to Trailing Edges and Trailing Ends” David R. Ingham, proceedings of the ACES Symposium, 1993, Monterey. “Time-Domain Extrapolation to the Far Field Based on FDTD Calculations” Kane Yee, David Ingham and Kurt Shlager, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 39 No. 3, March 1991, pp. 410–413. “Numerical Calculation of Edge Diffraction, using Reciprocity” David Ingham, Proc. Int. Conf. Antennas Propagat., IV, May 1990, Dallas, pp. 1574–1577. “Time-Domain Extrapolation to the Far Field Based on FDTD Calculations”Kane Yee, David Ingham and Kurt Shlager, invited paper, Proc. URSI Conf., 1989, San José . External links Radar Cross Section, Optical Theorem, Physical Optics Approx, Radiation by Line Sources for detailed lecture on introduction to the Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Hip-pocket formulas for high-frequency RCS backscatter; useful reference sheet (PDF) Method to measure radar cross section parameters of antennas Puma-EM A high performance, parallelized, open source Method of Moments / Multilevel Fast Multipole Method electromagnetics code Radar Cross Section Reduction Course A GA Tech course geared toward techniques used to reduce radar signature Radar Tutorial provides great visuals of RCS Radar theory