in punishment for Raynald's attack on Byzantine Cyprus. The Greek Patriarch was restored, and ruled simultaneously with the Latin Patriarch. Antioch, weakened by powerless regents after Raynald's capture by the Muslims in 1160, remained a Byzantine vassal state until 1182 when internal divisions following Manuel's death in 1180 hindered the Empire's ability to enforce its claim. In the Balkan frontier, the Treaty of Deabolis marked the end of the Norman threat to the southern Adriatic littoral during Alexios' reign and later; the efficacy of the frontier defenses deterred any further invasions through Dyrrachium for most of the 12th century. Notes Sources Primary sources William of Tyre, Historia Rerum In Partibus Transmarinis Gestarum (A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea), translated by E. A. Babock and A. C. Krey (Columbia University Press, 1943). See the original text in the Latin library. Secondary sources Further reading Thomas S. Asbridge, The Creation of the Principality of Antioch, 1098–1130. The Boydell Press, 2000. Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades. Hambledon and London, 2003. Ralph-Johannes Lilie, Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096–1204. Trans. J.C. Morris and J.C. Ridings. Clarendon Press, 1993. Kenneth M. Setton, ed., A History of the Crusades, Vols. II and V. Madison, 1969–1989. Treaties of the Byzantine Empire Principality of Antioch 1108 in Asia Medieval Albania 12th-century treaties Alexios I Komnenos 1100s in the Byzantine Empire Byzantine–Norman wars 1100s in the Crusader states Kutmichevitsa