property rights, design, law or information management of public or accredited private colleges or higher institutions, or of an overseas institution of equivalent grade that complies with Ministry of Education criteria, and who hold certificates to this effect, are eligible to apply to take the examination for patent attorneys. Foreign nationals, who possess the same qualifications are eligible to apply to take this examination. The following subjects are given in the Examination (each subject is worth 100 points and an average of 60 points is required to attain a passing grade): the Patent Act; the Administrative Procedure Act and Administrative Enforcement Act; Standards for Patent Review and Patent Applications and Practice; Calculus, General Physics and General Chemistry; Professional English or Professional Japanese (to be chosen at the discretion of the candidate); One of: Engineering Dynamics, Biotechnology, Electronics, Physical Chemistry, Basic Design or Computer Architecture (to be chosen at the discretion of the candidate). Pre-Practice Training. The training is held annually or biannually. It consists of 57 hours of course work and 3 hours of examination. Taiwan Patent Attorney's Association. Established on December 11, 2009, and registered with the Ministry of Internal Affairs on December 30, 2009. Currently, attorneys-at-law in Taiwan who have only passed the lawyer bar examination are allowed to represent applicants before Taiwan Intellectual Property Office for patent matters. However, these attorneys-at-law normally do not have a scientific or technical degree. Ukraine To become a patent attorney in Ukraine, one must: be a citizen of Ukraine; to have a higher degree, and a higher degree in the IP protection sphere; to have not less than 5 years of an experience in the IP protection sphere; to pass a qualification examinations, attestation and to receive a certificate on a right to act as a patent attorney ; Currently in Ukraine there are above 300 registered patent attorneys (data on September 10, 2012). Their legal status is regulated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Enactment "On affirmation of the Provision about the representatives in the sphere of intellectual property (patent attorneys)" № 545 on September 10, 1994. Examination and registration of patent attorneys are conducted by the State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine. United Kingdom Any person can act at the UK Patent Office, but the titles "Patent Agent", "Patent Attorney" and "Registered Patent Attorney" (which is synonymous with "Registered Patent Agent") are reserved for those duly qualified. The