suburban population there will be undoubtedly an increase in consumer goods and services as well. This stage was later discussed in Rostow's book Politics and the Stages of Growth published in 1971, in which he called the stage "the search for quality". Criticism of the model Rostow is historical in the sense that the end result is known at the outset and is derived from the historical geography of a developed, bureaucratic society. Rostow is mechanical in the sense that the underlying motor of change is not disclosed and therefore the stages become little more than a classificatory system based on data from developed countries. His model is based on American and European history and defines the American norm of high mass-consumption as integral to the economic development process of all industrialized societies. His model assumes the inevitable adoption of Neoliberal trade policies which allow the manufacturing base of a given advanced polity to be relocated to lower-wage regions. Rostow's model does not apply to the Asian and the African countries as events in these countries are not justified in any stage of his model. The stages are not identifiable properly as the conditions of the take-off and pre take-off stage are very similar and also overlap. According to Rostow growth becomes automatic by the time it reaches the maturity stage but Kuznets asserts that no growth can be automatic, there is always a need for a push. There appear to be two parallel theories of 'take-off' one is that 'take-off' is a sectoral and non-linear notion, and the other is that it is highly aggregative. Rostow's thesis is biased towards a western model of modernization, but at the time of Rostow the world's only mature economies were in the west, and no controlled economies were in the "era of high mass-consumption." The model de-emphasizes differences between sectors in capitalistic vs. communistic societies, but seems to innately recognize that modernization can be achieved in different ways in different types of economies. Another assumption that Rostow took is of trying to fit economic progress into a linear system. This assumption is questioned due to empirical evidence of many countries making 'false starts' then reaching a degree of progress and change and then slipping back. E.g.: In the case of contemporary Russia slipping back from high mass-consumption to a country in transition. Another criticism of Rostow's work is that it considers large