true figure may well be lower given Petty's outmoded methodology, but the lowest suggested is about 200,000. At the time, according to William Petty, the population of Ireland was only around 1.5 million inhabitants. It is estimated that about two-thirds of the deaths were civilian. The Irish defeat led to the mass confiscation of Catholic owned land and the English Protestant domination of Ireland for over two centuries. The wars, especially the Cromwellian conquest, were long remembered in Irish culture. Gaelic Poetry of the post-war era laments lack of unity among Irish Catholics in the Confederation and their constant infighting, which was blamed for their failure to resist Cromwell. Other common themes include the mourning of the old Irish Catholic landed classes, which were destroyed in the wars, and the cruelty of the Parliamentarian forces. See Also Irish Poetry See also Soldiers: Alasdair MacColla Hugh Dubh O'Neill George Monck Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel Michael Jones (soldier) Theobald Taaffe, 1st Earl of Carlingford Political figures: Patrick D'Arcy Richard Martyn James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven Richard Bellings Nicholas French Patrick O'Neill (Irish soldier) Giovanni Battista Rinuccini Nicholas Plunkett Charles II Places: Clonmel Rathfarnham Castle Trim Castle Cahir Castle Narrow Water Ross Castle Rock of Cashel Charlemont Fort General: Chronology of the Irish Confederate Wars Chronology of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Confederate Ireland Cromwellian conquest of Ireland Irish Rebellion of 1641 List of Irish rebellions List of Irish battles Notes References Sources - Covers 1643–1644 McKeiver Philip. A New History of Cromwell's Irish Campaign, (Advance Press), Manchester, Hull, Eleanor (1931). A History of Ireland. Kenyon, John & Ohlmeyer, Jane (editors). The Civil Wars, Oxford 1998. Royle, Trevor (2004), Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660, London: Abacus, Lenihan, Padraig, Confederate Catholics at War, Cork 2001, McCoy, G. A. Hayes. Irish Battles, Belfast 1990, . Plant, David. "The Confederate War 1641–1652" , British Retrieved 23-09-2008 Scott-Wheeler, James. Cromwell in Ireland, Dublin 1999, Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1640s in Ireland Conflicts in 1641 1640s conflicts 1650s conflicts Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe Civil wars of the Early Modern period European wars of religion Religion-based civil wars 1650s in Ireland Catholic rebellions Confederate Wars