historic Ukrainian stronghold. This movement claimed a distinct Ukrainian nationality and attempted to lay claim to the Zaporozhian Cossacks as progenitors. During the Soviet era, the nationalist aspect was (officially) de-emphasised in order to quell the rise of nationalist sentiment; the celebration of Zaporozhian Cossack's historical role of defending Muscovy from Turks was emphasised. This is sometimes described by Ukrainophiles as Russophilia. Zaporozhian attire, songs, and music found their way into official state dance and music ensembles, and influenced the image of Ukraine in the years to come. Since the Independence of Ukraine in 1991, attempts at restoring the Cossack lifestyle have concentrated on politics, horsemanship and cultural endeavours. In November, 2016, Cossack's songs of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast were inscribed on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Currently the Zaporozhian Cossack stronghold Khortytsia is perceived to be a symbol of Ukrainian statehood. See also Cossack host Crimean Khanate Dmytro Yavornytsky Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks Jewish Cossacks Khmelnytsky Uprising Kuban Cossacks Mezhyhirya Monastery Mongol and Tatar states in Europe Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks Sloboda Ukraine Taras Bulba Zaporozhian Sich References External links Zaporizhia at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Zaporozhian Cossacks at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Zaporozhian Sich at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Cossack hosts Early Modern history of Ukraine Ethnic groups in Ukraine History of the Cossacks in Ukraine