area of Central Java and moved to the hillside of Mount Panderman to avoid the pursuit and arrest of the Dutch soldiers (Kompeni). Abu Ghonaim or Mbah Wastu who started his new life together with the surrounding community. Finally, many residents and surrounding communities and other communities came around the residence of Mbah Wastu. Initially they lived in a group (community) in the Bumiaji, Sisir and Temas. Geography The city of Batu lies on the slopes of several mountains. The most prominent are Mount Anjasmoro (2,277 m), Mount Arjuno (3,339 m), Mount Welirang (3,156 m), Mount Banyak (1,306 m), Mount Kawi (2,551 m), Mount Panderman (2,045 m), Mount Semeru (3.676 m), and Mount Wukir (335 m). In the 19th century, the Dutch East Indies government developed Batu as a mountain resort. Villas and resort facilities were built in Batu during the period. Most of the topography of Batu city is dominated by highland and hilly terrain with valleys running down mountain slopes. In northern Batu, there is a dense forest, Raden Soerjo Forest Park, which is a protected forest area. Most soils in Batu city are andosols, sequentially present with cambisol, latosol and alluvial. These form mechanical soils which contain substantial amounts of minerals coming from volcanic eruptions. These soils tend to be very fertile. Batu is a near-exact antipode (or polar opposite) to the city of San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela. Climate The climate in Batu city at lower elevation (700-900 meters) features tropical monsoon climate (Am), and at higher elevation (900-1800 meters), the city's climate is classified by Köppen as subtropical highland climate (Cwb). The driest month is August with precipitation total 35 mm, while the wettest month is January with precipitation total 406 mm. The temperature is moderated by the altitude, as the city is located at average 953 meters above sea level. The hottest month is October with average 22.2 °C, while the coolest month is August with average 11.4 °C. Administration The city is divided into three districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census. The districts are further subdivided into 24 urban villages (kelurahan). The names of the urban villages are: Batu District Ngaglik Oro-Oro Ombo (Rombo) Pesanggrahan Sidomulyo Sisir Songgokerto Sumberejo Temas Bumiaji district Bulukerto Bumiaji Giripurno Gunungsari Pandanrejo Punten Sumberbrantas Sumbergondo Tulungrejo Junrejo district Beji Dadaprejo Junrejo Mojorejo Pendem Tlekung Torongrejo Economy The