popularity. Other uses include shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and even chewing gum. Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coated papers, being one of the cheapest resins to bind pigmented coatings. It is also used in building applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive. In the latter application, it offers better durability, reduced shrinkage and increased flexibility, as well as being resistant to emulsification in damp conditions. SBR is often used as part of cement based substructural (basement)waterproofing systems where as a liquid it is mixed with water to form the Gauging solution for mixing the powdered Tanking material to a slurry. SBR aids the bond strength, reduces the potential for shrinkage and adds an element of flexibility. It is also used by speaker driver manufacturers as the material for Low Damping Rubber Surrounds. Additionally, it is used in some rubber cutting boards. SBR is also used as a binder in lithium-ion battery electrodes, in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose as a water-based alternative for, e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride. Styrene-butane rubber is also used in gasketed-plate heat exchangers. It is used at moderate temperature up to 85 deg C, (358 K) for aqueous systems. SBS Filaments also exist for FDM 3D printing History SBR is a replacement for natural rubber. It was originally developed prior to World War II in Germany by chemist Walter Bock in 1929. Industrial manufacture began during World War II, and was used extensively by the U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program to produce Government Rubber-Styrene (GR-S); to replace the Southeast Asian supply of natural rubber which, under Japanese occupation, was unavailable to Allied nations. See also Synthetic rubber Nitrile rubber Elastomer Ozone cracking Tire References Copolymers Elastomers Polymers U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program German inventions 1929 in science