Namur, and Liège, as well as half of Luxembourg and Limburg. The Dutch army, however, held onto Maastricht, and as a result, the Netherlands kept the eastern half of Limburg and its large coalfields. Germany broke the treaty in 1914 when it invaded Belgium and dismissed British protests over a "scrap of paper". Orangism As early as 1830 a movement started for the reunification of Belgium and the Netherlands, called Orangism (after the Dutch royal color of orange), which was active in Flanders and Brussels. But industrial cities, like Liège, also had a strong Orangist faction. The movement met with strong disapproval from the authorities. Between 1831 and 1834, 32 incidents of violence against Orangists were mentioned in the press and in 1834 Minister of Justice Lebeau banned expressions of Orangism in the public sphere, enforced with heavy penalties. Anniversary remembrances Cinquantenaire (50th anniversary) The golden jubilee of independence set up the Cinquantenaire park complex in Brussels. 175th anniversary commemoration In 2005, the Belgian revolution of 1830 was depicted in one of the highest value Belgian coins ever minted, the 100 euro "175 Years of Belgium" coin. The obverse depicts a detail from Wappers' painting Scene of the September Days in 1830. See also History of Belgium Jan van Speyk Unionism in Belgium References Bibliography Fishman, J. S. "The London Conference of 1830," Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis (1971) 84#3 pp 418–428. Fishman, J. S. Diplomacy and Revolution: The London Conference of 1830 and the Belgian Revolt (Amsterdam, 1988) Kossmann, E. H. The Low Countries 1780–1940 (1978), pp 151–60 Kossmann-Putto, J. A. and E. H. Kossmann. The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (1987) Omond. G. W. T. "The Question of the Netherlands in 1829-1830," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1919) vol 2 pp. 150–171 in JSTOR Schroeder, Paul W. The Transformation of European Politics 1763-1848 (1994) pp 671–91 Stallaerts, Robert. The A to Z of Belgium (2010) External links "The Ten Days' Campaign" B Separatism in Belgium Separatism in the Netherlands Wars involving Belgium Wars involving the Netherlands 1830 in Belgium 1831 in Belgium 1830 in the Netherlands Conflicts in 1830 Conflicts in 1831 19th-century revolutions 19th century in the Southern Netherlands Belgium–Netherlands relations Revolutions of 1830