– usually by means of their prior branding. 28. EXPOSURE: The false hero and/or villain is exposed to all and sundry. 29. TRANSFIGURATION: The hero gains a new appearance. This may reflect aging and/or the benefits of labour and health, or it may constitute a magical remembering after a limb or digit was lost (as a part of the branding or from failing a trial). Regardless, it serves to improve their looks. 30. PUNISHMENT: The villain suffers the consequences of their actions, perhaps at the hands of the hero, the avenged victims, or as a direct result of their own ploy. 31. WEDDING: The hero marries and is rewarded or promoted by the family or community, typically ascending to a throne. Some of these functions may be inverted, such as the hero receives an artifact of power whilst still at home, thus fulfilling the donor function early. Typically such functions are negated twice, so that it must be repeated three times in Western cultures. Characters He also concluded that all the characters in tales could be resolved into 7 abstract character functions: The villain — an evil character that creates struggles for the hero. The dispatcher — any character who illustrates the need for the hero's quest and sends the hero off. This often overlaps with the princess's father. The helper — a typically magical entity that comes to help the hero in their quest. The princess or prize, and often her father — the hero deserves her throughout the story but is unable to marry her as a consequence of some evil or injustice, perhaps the work of the villain. The hero's journey is often ended when he marries the princess, which constitutes the villain's defeat. The donor — a character that prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object, sometimes after testing them. The hero — the character who reacts to the dispatcher and donor characters, thwarts the villain, resolves any lacking or wronghoods and weds the princess. The false hero — a Miles Gloriosus figure who takes credit for the hero's actions or tries to marry the princess. These roles could sometimes be distributed among various characters, as the hero kills the villain dragon, and the dragon's sisters take on the villainous role of chasing him. Conversely, one character could engage in acts as more than one role, as a father could send his son