→ bg || šāpka → šābgad || 'hat' → 'hats' || A recent Russian loanword. |- | tk → dg || mutka → mudgad || 'hook, curve' → 'hooks, curves' |- | sk → zg || pǟsko → pǟzgod || 'swallow' → 'swallows' |- | šk → žg || šiška → šižgad || 'rag' → 'rags' || A recent Russian loanword. |- | tšk → džg || botška → bodžgad || 'barrel' → 'barrels' || A recent Russian loanword. |- | lk → lg || jalka → jalgad || 'foot' → 'feet' || From Proto-Finnic *lk → *lɣ. |- | rk → rg || purkā → purgad || 'to take apart → you take apart || From Proto-Finnic *rk → *rɣ. |} The alternations involving the voiced affricate dž are only found in the Eastern dialects. In the Western dialects, there are several possible weak grade counterparts of tš: Further minor variation in these gradation patterns was found down to the level of individual villages. Votic also has a number of alternations between continuants which are short in the 'weak' grade, and geminates in the 'strong' grade (kassā 'to sprinkle/water' vs. kasan 'I sprinkle/water'), as well as more voicing alternations between palatalized stops, and the alternations between nasal+consonant~nasal+chroneme found in Finnish. Votic also includes alternations in which the 'strong' grade is represented by a short consonant, while the 'weak' grade is represented by a geminate: ritõlõn vs. riďďõlla. For comparison, the Finnish equivalents of these is riitelen 'I quarrel' vs. riidellä 'to quarrel'. Estonian Though otherwise closely related to Votic, consonant gradation in Estonian is quite different from the other Finnic languages. One extremely important difference is the existence of three grades of consonants (alternations like strong grade pada 'pot (nom.)', weak grade paja 'pot (gen.)', overlong grade patta 'pot (ill.)'). This can be said to generally correlate with the existence of three degrees of consonant length (e.g. d, t, and tt), but since the alternation d ~ t occurs only after heavy syllables, and the alternations d ~ tt and t ~ tt occur only after light syllables, there is no single paradigm that has this simple alternation. However, weak grades like v, j, or ∅ that alternate with stops like b, d, or g originate from the weak grade of these stops, and these may still synchronically alternate with the over-long grades (pp, tt, kk) within the same