since they are not bound to the polymer matrix. The "new car smell" is often attributed to plasticizers or their degradation products, however, multiple studies on the makeup of the smell do not find phthalates in appreciable amounts, likely due to their extremely low volatility and vapor pressure. Common polymer plasticizers Ortho phthalates Phthalate-based plasticizers are used in situations where good resistance to water and oils is required. Some common phthalate plasticizers are: Low Molecular Weight Ortho Phthalates Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), used in fragrances, as an insect repellent, and in several industrial processes as a solvent/carrier Diethyl phthalate (DEP), used in fragrances as a carrier and extender/fixative Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), used for cellulose plastics, food wraps, adhesives, perfumes, and cosmetics - about a third of nail polishes, glosses, enamels, and hardeners contain it, together with some shampoos, sunscreens, skin emollients, and insect repellents Butyl benzyl phthalate (benzyl butyl phthalate, BBzP) is found in vinyl tiles, traffic cones, food conveyor belts, artificial leather, and plastic foams Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) also commonly known as (dioctyl phthalate, DOP or diethylhexyl phthalate), historically used in flooring materials, medical devices, myriad consumer products, and high explosives, such as Semtex. DEHP was the most common plasticizer for decades and still holds that title globally even as it has largely been replaced now with higher molecular weight phthalates and alternatives in the US and Europe High Molecular Weight Ortho Phthalates Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), used in flooring materials, found in garden hoses, shoes, toys, and building materials Bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), used in cables, wires and roofing materials Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), used for insulation of wires and cables, car undercoating, shoes, carpets, pool liners Diisoundecyl phthalate (DIUP), used for insulation of wires and cables, car undercoating, shoes, carpets, pool liners. Good high temperature and outdoor weathering performance Ditridecyl phthalate (DTDP) is the highest molecular weight phthalate plasticizer, providing greater performance at high temperature. It is the preferred plasticizer for automotive cable and wire application. Terephthalates Terephthalates are isomeric with ortho phthalates but have proven to have cleaner toxicological results due to their inability to form stable monoesters during hydrolysis and metabolic breakdown. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DEHT, Dioctyl terephthalate, DOTP) (Eastman Chemical Company Trademark: Eastman 168™), used as a replacement for DEHP and DINP Diisopentyl terephthalate (DiPT)(Evonik Industries Trademark: ELATUR® DPT), used as a replacement for DBP and DiBP Dibutyl terephthalate (DBT)(Eastman Chemical Trademark: Eastman Effusion™), used as a