Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858). Egalitarian, utilitarian. Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876). Revolutionary anarchist. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902). Egalitarian. Hermann Lotze (1817–1881). Karl Marx (1818–1883). Socialist, formulated historical materialism. Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). Egalitarian, dialectical materialist. Herbert Spencer (1820–1903). Nativism, libertarianism, social Darwinism. Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906). Feminist. Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911). Edward Caird (1835–1908). Idealist. T.H. Green (1836–1882). British idealist. Henry Sidgwick (1838–1900). Rationalism, utilitarianism. Ernst Mach (1838–1916). Philosopher of science, influence on logical positivism. Franz Brentano (1838–1917). Phenomenologist. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914). Pragmatist. Philipp Mainländer (1841-1876). Pessimist. William James (1842–1910). Pragmatism, Radical empiricism. Hermann Cohen (1842-1918). Neo-Kantianism, Jewish philosophy. Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921). Anarchist communism. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900). Naturalistic philosopher, influence on Existentialism. W. K. Clifford (1845–1879). Evidentialist. F. H. Bradley (1846–1924). Idealist. Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923). Social philosopher. Bernard Bosanquet (1848–1923). Idealist. Gottlob Frege (1848–1925). Influential analytic philosopher. Cook Wilson (1849–1915). Hans Vaihinger (1852–1933). Specialist in counterfactuals. David George Ritchie (1853–1903). Idealist. Alexius Meinong (1853–1920). Logical realist. Henri Poincaré (1854–1912). Josiah Royce (1855–1916). Idealist. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Neurologist, founded psychoanalysis, posited structural model of mind. Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931). Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913). Linguist, Semiotics, Structuralism. Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). Social philosopher. Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932). Edmund Husserl (1859–1938). Founder of phenomenology. Samuel Alexander (1859–1938). Perceptual realist. Henri Bergson (1859–1941). Vitalism. John Dewey (1859–1952). Pragmatism. Jane Addams (1860–1935). Pragmatist. Pierre Duhem (1861–1916). Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925).Anthroposophy Karl Groos (1861–1946). Evolutionary instrumentalist theory of play. Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). Process Philosophy, Mathematician, Logician, Philosophy of Physics, Panpsychism. George Herbert Mead (1863–1931). Pragmatism, symbolic interactionist. Max Weber (1864–1920). Social philosopher. Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936). J. M. E. McTaggart (1866–1925). Idealist. Benedetto Croce (1866–1952). Emma Goldman (1869–1940). Anarchist. Rosa Luxemburg (1870–1919). Marxist political philosopher. G. E. Moore (1873–1958). Common sense theorist, ethical non–naturalist. Carl Jung (1875–1961). Psychoanalysis, Methaphysics 1900–2000 CE George Santayana (1863–1952). Pragmatism, naturalism; known for many aphorisms. H.A. Prichard (1871–1947). Moral intuitionist. Bertrand Russell (1872–1970). Analytic philosopher, nontheist, influential. A.O. Lovejoy (1873–1962). Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948). Existentialist. Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945). Max Scheler (1874–1928). German phenomenologist. Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944). Idealist and fascist philosopher. Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957). W.D. Ross (1877–1971). Deontologist. Martin Buber (1878–1965). Jewish philosopher, existentialist. Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973). Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955). Christian evolutionist. Hans Kelsen (1881–1973). Legal positivist. Moritz Schlick (1882–1936). Founder of Vienna Circle, logical positivism. Otto Neurath (1882–1945). Member of Vienna Circle. Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950). Jacques Maritain (1882–1973). Human rights theorist. José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955). Philosopher of History. C.I. Lewis (1883–1964). Conceptual