- are associated with cardiovascular disease. Healthy cardiovascular function is critical for maintaining neurocognitive efficiency into old age. Attention, verbal learning, and cognitive set ability are related to diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and HDL cholesterol levels, respectively. Latinos The Latino demographic is most likely to develop metabolic syndrome - the combination of high blood pressure, high blood sugar, elevated triglyceride levels, and abdominal obesity - which not only increases the risk of cardiac events and type II diabetes but also is associated with lower neurocognitive function during midlife. Among different Latin heritages, frequency of the dementia-predisposing apoE4 allele was highest for Caribbean Latinos (Cubans, Dominicans, and Puerto Ricans) and lowest among mainland Latinos (Mexicans, Central Americans, and South Americans). Conversely, frequency of the neuroprotective apoE2 allele was highest for Caribbean Latinos and lowest for those of mainland heritage. Indigenous Peoples Indigenous populations are often understudied in research. Reviews of current literature studying natives in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States from participants aged 45 to 94 years old reveal varied prevalence rates for cognitive impairment not related to dementia, from 4.4% to 17.7%. These results can be interpreted in the context of culturally biased neurocognitive tests, preexisting health conditions, poor access to healthcare, lower educational attainment, and/or old age. Sex Women Compared to their male counterparts, women's scores on the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) tend to decline at slightly faster rates with age. Males with mild cognitive impairment tend to show more microstructural damage than females with MCI, but seem to have a greater cognitive reserve due to larger absolute brain size and neuronal density. As a result, women tend to manifest symptoms of cognitive decline at lower thresholds than men do. This effect seems to be moderated by educational attainment - higher education is associated with later diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment as neuropathological load increases. Socioeconomic status Socioeconomic status is the interaction between social and economic factors. It has been demonstrated that sociodemographic factors can be used to predict cognitive profiles within older individuals to some extent. This may be because families of higher socioeconomic status are equipped to provide their children with resources early on to facilitate cognitive development. For children in families of low SES, relatively small changes in parental income were associated with large changes in brain surface area; these losses were seen in areas associated with language, reading, executive functions, and