1998, in National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley, when Justice Antonin Scalia used it to describe the NEA's brazenness in asking for government funding. In the movie Haider (2014) by Vishal Bharadwaj, a modern-day interpretation of Hamlet set against the backdrop of Kashmir in the midst of political conflict, the protagonist uses the word chutzpah which they pronounce as /'tʃʊtspə/ instead of /ˈhʊtspə/ or /ˈxʊtspə/ to describe India's way of treating the people of Kashmir since the beginning of the conflict. This pronunciation sounds more like Indian slang. The Polish word hucpa (pronounced [ˈxut͜spa]) is also derived from this term, although its meaning is closer to 'insolence' or 'arrogance', and so it is typically used in a more negative sense instead of denoting a positive description of someone's audacity. Similarly, the German form of chutzpah is Chuzpe. 'Chutzpah' is a primary statistic for player and non-player characters in the roleplaying game Paranoia. See also Gopnik Cojones Firgun Hubris Sisu List of English words of Yiddish origin References External links Chutzpah Pronunciation Yiddish words and phrases Personality traits Words and phrases describing personality