foray (or attempted settlement in Iowa) and found white settlers in his ancestral village, he took up arms, and solicited general co-operation from his tribe. However, Keokuk succeeded in keeping the majority of the band at peace, and he became one of three "money chiefs" who distributed payments under this and other treaties. Keokuk took every opportunity to attempt to persuade Black Hawk to withdraw from his aggressive position before it was too late, but the U.S. Army and Illinois militia soon defeated Black Hawk's warriors. A four hundred square mile strip surrounding Keokuk's village in Iowa was exempted from the 1832 Black Hawk Purchase, a treaty which ended the war and which was negotiated at Fort Armstrong, Illinois (near Rock Island) in September 1832,. In August 1833, U. S. authorities formally delivered Black Hawk (who had been taken as a captive to Washington, D.C. and eastern cities), to the custody of Keokuk, who had been officially recognized as the principal chief of the Sauks and Foxes in that treaty. In 1837, with several of his nation's village chiefs, Keokuk visited Washington, where a peace was arranged between his people and their old-time adversaries, the Sioux. They also visited New York City, Boston, and Cincinnati, where Keokuk's speeches attracted attention. Black Hawk was with the party, as Keokuk feared leaving him to scheme during his own absence. Black Hawk died the following year. In August 1842, Keokuk and several tribal members (including wives), visited Nauvoo, Illinois, and he soon negotiated the sale of the tribe's land across the river in Iowa (his friend Chief Wapello having died in March). Thus, in 1845, despite the land reservation in the 1832 treaty, Keokuk's band was moved further west into Kansas. Death and legacy Keokuk and his people arrived at their new reservation near Ottawa, Kansas in 1845, and Keokuk there died in June 1848. Alternate sources describe the cause of his death as dysentery, alcoholism, or poison administered by a disaffected surviving member of the Black Hawk band who was soon executed. His son Moses Keokuk succeeded him as chief, and would later move the tribe to Oklahoma Territory. Keokuk County, Iowa and the town of Keokuk, Iowa are named after him, although chief Keokuk had never visited the town before it was incorporated in 1834. Pursuant to the efforts of Iowa judge Caleb Davis, a collector of Native American relics, Chief