|| yei, yéi, yaa |- | upstream || naakée || nán-dei || naa-nyaa ~ naa-naa || – |- | downstream || ix-kée, éex || íx-dei || ixi-naa || – |- | from landshore, interior || dáakh || dákh-dei || dakhi-naa || daakh |- | toward landshore || éekh || íkh-dei || ikhi-naa || yeikh ~ eekh |- | toward seashore || yán || yán-dei || — || yan |- | from seashore, out to sea || dei-kí || dák-dei || daki-naa ~ diki-naa || daak |- | across, other side || diyáa || diyáa-dei || — || yan |- | inside || neil || neil-dei || — || neil |- | outside || gáan || gán-dei || — || — |- | back || — || khúxh-dei || — || khuxh |- | aground, shallow water || — || kúx-dei || — || kux |} Particles Particles function as neither noun nor verb. They are restricted to positions relative to phrases in the sentence. Focus particles The focus particles follow the left periphery ("forephrase" per Leer) of a sentence. The Naish-Story term for them is "post-marginals". Many of them may be suffixed with a demonstrative (-yá, -hé, -wé, -yú), and they may also be combined with the interrogative (-gé). Focus particles are stylistically written as separate words, but phonetically, they may be indivisible from the preceding utterance. sá — wh-question gé — dubitative, unlikelihood, "perhaps", "maybe, "it would seem..." á — focus ágé — interrogative (< á + gé) ásé — discovery, understanding of previously unclear information, "oh, so..." ásgé — second hand information, "I hear...", "they say..." (< ásé + gé) khu.aa — contrastive, "however" xháa – softening, "you see" shágdéi — dubitative, likelihood, "perhaps", "probably" dágáa — emphatic assertion, "indeed", "for sure" shéi — mild surprise gwáa, gu.áa — strong surprise gwshéi, gushéi — rhetorical interrogative, request for corroboration, "I wonder", "perhaps" óosh — hypothetical, "as if", "even if", "if only" The combination of the focus á with the demonstratives gives the frequently used particles áyá and áwé, and the less common áhé and áyú. Combination of the interrogative ágé with the demonstratives gives the confirmative particles ákwé and ákyá (ák-hé and ákyú are uncommon), used to elicit a yes/no response from the listener. The interrogative ágé also usually contracts to ág before tsú "also": ág tsú "also?" < ágé + tsú. The particle sá is obligatory in