a simpler philosophy." Zoologist Herbert Spencer Jennings commented that the concept of entelechy "does not help in our understanding of matters in the least." His vitalist writings were criticized by historian Ruth Brandon for being based on a religious rather than an objective scientific standpoint. Parapsychology Driesch developed a deep interest in Psychical Research and Parapsychology. In 1931, he published a methodology of parapsychological research (in German) and in 1933 he published a book on the topic titled Psychical Research: The Science of the Super-normal. From 1926 to 1927 he served as the president of the Society for Psychical Research. Selected works In German Die Biologie als selbstständige Wissenschaft (1893) Die Lokalisation morphogenetischer Vorgänge Ein Beweis vitalistischen Geschehens (1899) Analytische Theorie der organischen Entwicklung (1894) Der Vitalismus als Geschichte und als Lehre (1905) Der Begriff der organischen Form (1919) Philosophie des Organischen (4th ed. 1928) In English Driesch, H. (1908). The Science and Philosophy of the Organism: The Gifford Lectures delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the Year 1907 and 1908 (2 vols.). London: Adam and Charles Black. 2nd ed. London: A. & C. Black, 1929. Driesch, H. (1912). The Justification of Vitalism. Cambridge Magazine 1 (15): 397. Driesch, H. (1914). The Problem of Individuality: A Course of Four Lectures Delivered before the University of London in October 1913. London: Macmillan. Driesch, H. (1914). The History and Theory of Vitalism. (C. K. Ogden, trans.) London: Macmillan. Driesch, H. (1924). "The Biological Setting of Psychical Phenomena". The Quest 15 (July): 433–456. Driesch, H. (1925). The Crisis in Psychology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Driesch, H. (1925). The Possibility of Metaphysics: The Course of Four Lectures Delivered before the University of London in March 1924. London: Faith Press. Driesch, H. (1926). "The Present Status of the Philosophy of Nature in Germany". The Monist 36 (2): 281–298. Driesch, H. (1926). "Psychical Research and Established Science". Presidential address. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 36(99): 171–186. Driesch, H. (1927). "Psychical Research and Philosophy". In: Carl Murchison (ed.), The Case For and Against Psychical Belief. Worcester: Clark University, 163–178. Driesch, H. (1933). Psychical Research: The Science of the Super-Normal. (Theodore Besterman, trans.) London: G. Bell & Sons. Driesch, H. (1934). "Psychiatry and Mental Health". Ancient Philosophy 44: 152. [Book Review] See also Ernst Haeckel Wilhelm Roux Hans Spemann Alexander Gurwitsch References Further reading Griffith, O. W. (1915). Theory of Vitalism. The Hibbert Journal