used the older hymnal, with the rest using some combination of both and only a few exclusively using the "newer" hymnal published 17 years prior to the study. Thus the synod entered the 21st century lacking unity even in its own hymnal. Concordia Seminary was widely pronounced as dead in the spring of 1974. The stress and turmoil generated by the controversy wrought an enormous toll on all participants, Martin Scharlemann, who had been appointed to replace Tietjen, resigned from the presidency of Concordia Seminary a mere three months into his term due to mental and physical exhaustion. Seminex sympathizers such as Martin Marty stated that the LCMS would be forced to close the school and sell the campus. However, under the leadership of Ralph Bohlmann, who had succeeded Scharlemann as president, enrollment quickly rebounded. At Concordia Seminary's fall convocation in 1974, Francis Schaeffer addressed those of the student body who had not walked out. Schaeffer commended the synod for its faithful stance and noted that this was the first time in history that a church body had resisted the influx of modernism and retained its confessional heritage. The success of the confessional insurgents in the LCMS later inspired a similar group within the Southern Baptist Convention and provided a template for the ultimately successful Southern Baptist conservative resurgence of the 1980s. Further reading Books, articles, and reports Adams, James E. Preus of Missouri and the Great Lutheran Civil War. New York: Harper and Row, 1977. Baker, Tom. Watershed at the Rivergate : 1,400 vs. 250,000. Sturgis, Michigan, 1973 Board of Control, Concordia Seminary, Exodus From Concordia: A Report on the 1974 Walkout. Saint Louis: Concordia Seminary, 1977. Burkee, James C. Power, Politics, and the Missouri Synod: A Conflict That Changed American Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 2011. Danker, Frederick William. No Room in the Brotherhood: The Preus-Otten Purge of Missouri. Saint Louis: Clayton Publishing House, 1977. Krentz, Edgar. The Historical-critical Method. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975. . A Seminex professor's overview of the interpretive methods behind the conflict. Marquart, Kurt E. Anatomy of an Explosion: A Theological Analysis of the Missouri Synod Conflict. Fort Wayne, Indiana: Concordia Theological Seminary Press, 1977. Tietjen, John. Memoirs in Exile: Confessional Hope and Institutional Conflict. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Press, 1990. Todd, Mary. Authority Vested: A Story of Identity and Change in the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2000. Zimmerman, Paul A.