the communicator, message, medium, audience, and effect. In short, the speaker should be answering the question "who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?" See also Audience response Crowd manipulation Debate Eloquence Eulogy Glossophobia List of speeches Public orator Persuasion Rhetoric Speechwriter Speakers' bureau Thematic interpretation Toastmasters International :Category:Speeches by type References Further reading Collins, Philip. "The Art of Speeches and Presentations" (John Wiley & Sons, 2012). Fairlie, Henry. "Oratory in Political Life," History Today (Jan 1960) 10#1 pp 3–13. A survey of political oratory in Great Britain from 1730 to 1960. Flintoff, John-Paul. "A Modest Book About How To Make An Adequate Speech" (Short Books, 2021). excerpt Gold, David, and Catherine L. Hobbs, eds. Rhetoric, History, and Women's Oratorical Education: American Women Learn to Speak (Routledge, 2013). Heinrichs, Jay. "Thank You For Arguing" (Penguin, 2008). Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking (13th ed. McGraw Hill, 2019). Noonan, Peggy. "Simply Speaking" (Regan Books, 1998). Parry-Giles, Shawn J., and J. Michael Hogan, eds. The Handbook of Rhetoric and Public Address (2010) excerpt Sproule, J. Michael. "Inventing public speaking: Rhetoric and the speech book, 1730–1930." Rhetoric & Public Affairs 15.4 (2012): 563–608. excerpt Turner, Kathleen J., Randall Osborn, et al. Public speaking (11th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2017). excerpt Dale Carnegie· Arthur R. Pell. Public Speaking for Success. 2006 Dale Carnegie. Public Speaking and Influencing Men in Business. 2003 Dale Carnegie. How to Develop Self-Confidence & nfluence People by Public Speaking. New York: Pocket Books,1926 Chris Anderson. The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 2016. External links How to speak so that people want to listen Rhetoric Politics Political science Performing arts