state by biochemical energy. Finally, he suggested that the configuration of the microtubule lattice might be suitable for quantum error correction, a means of holding together quantum coherence in the face of environmental interaction. Hameroff, in a lecture in part of a Google Tech talks series exploring quantum biology, gave an overview of current research in the area, and responded to subsequent criticisms of the Orch-OR model. In addition to this, a 2011 paper by Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff published in the Journal of Cosmology gives an updated model of their Orch-OR theory, in light of criticisms, and discusses the place of consciousness within the universe. Phillip Tetlow, although himself supportive of Penrose's views, acknowledges that Penrose's ideas about the human thought process are at present a minority view in scientific circles, citing Minsky's criticisms and quoting science journalist Charles Seife's description of Penrose as "one of a handful of scientists" who believe that the nature of consciousness suggests a quantum process. In January 2014, Hameroff and Penrose ventured that a discovery of quantum vibrations in microtubules by Anirban Bandyopadhyay of the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan supports the hypothesis of Orch-OR theory. A reviewed and updated version of the theory was published along with critical commentary and debate in the March 2014 issue of Physics of Life Reviews. Publications His popular publications include: The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and The Laws of Physics (1989) Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness (1994) The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe (2004) Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe (2010) Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe (2016) His co-authored publications include: The Nature of Space and Time (with Stephen Hawking) (1996) The Large, the Small and the Human Mind (with Abner Shimony, Nancy Cartwright, and Stephen Hawking) (1997) White Mars: The Mind Set Free (with Brian Aldiss) (1999) His academic books include: Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity (1972, ) Spinors and Space-Time: Volume 1, Two-Spinor Calculus and Relativistic Fields (with Wolfgang Rindler, 1987) (paperback) Spinors and Space-Time: Volume 2, Spinor and Twistor Methods in Space-Time Geometry (with Wolfgang Rindler, 1988) (reprint), (paperback) His forewords to other books include: Foreword to “The Map and the Territory: Exploring the foundations of science, thought and reality” by Shyam Wuppuluri