superior mirage. Some such as Thompson Island or Bermeja may have been actual islands subsequently destroyed by volcanic explosions, earthquakes, submarine landslides, or low-lying lands such as sand banks that are no longer above water. Pactolus Bank, visited by Sir Francis Drake in 1578, may fit into this former sand bank category. In some cases, cartographers intentionally include invented geographic features in their maps, either for fraudulent purposes or to identify plagiarists. List of phantom islands See also Former island Fictitious entry List of fictional islands List of lost lands Null Island Lost city Mythical place Phantom settlement Terra incognita Vigia References Further reading Gaddis, Vincent, Invisible Horizons, Chilton Books. New York. 1965. Clark Barnaby Firestone, The Coasts of Illusion: A Study of Travel Tales, Harper Books, 1924. Johnson, Donald S., Phantom Islands of the Atlantic, New York, Walker Publishing, 1996 (Rev. ed.). William Shepard Walsh, A Handy Book of Curious Information, J. B. Lippincott, 1913. Dirk Liesemer, Lexikon der Phantominseln. Hamburg, mareverlag, 2016, . L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Phantom islands. In: The World of Antarctica. Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 74-77.