(1796–1868), a German educator and pedagog. Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994), an Israeli public intellectual and polymath Yosef Mendelevich (born 1947), a Jewish refusenik from the Soviet Union, known as a "Prisoner of Zion" Ernst Munzinger (1887–1945), German Abwehr (Army intelligence) officer, later anti-Nazi Valters Nollendorfs (born 1931), chairman of the board of the Museum of the Occupation of Latvia Alfred Rosenberg (1892–1946), a Baltic German theorist and ideologue of the Nazi Party Johann Steinhauer (1705–1779) a Latvian entrepreneur, social reformer and landowner Charlotte Wahl (1817–1899), a Latvian-born philanthropist Tatiana Warsher (1880–1960), a Russian archaeologist known for her studies of Pompeii The Arts Rutanya Alda (born 1942), a Latvian-American actress Mikhail Baryshnikov (born 1948), a Russian dancer, choreographer and actor Léopold Bernhard Bernstamm (1859–1939), a Russian sculptor Gunnar Birkerts (1925–2017), a Latvian-American architect Leonīds Breikšs (1908–1942), a Latvian poet, author and newspaper editor Jacob W. Davis (born Jākobs Jufess) (1831–1908) an American tailor, invented modern jeans. Mikhail Eisenstein (1867–1920) a Latvian civil engineer and architect Sergei Eisenstein (1898–1948), a Soviet Russian film director, filmed Battleship Potemkin Heinz Erhardt (1909–1979), a Baltic German comedian, musician and entertainer Artur Fonvizin (1883–1973), a Soviet painter of watercolours Elīna Garanča (born 1976), a Latvian operatic mezzo-soprano Philippe Halsman (1906–1979), an American portrait photographer Aivars Kalējs (born 1951), a Latvian composer, organist and pianist Gidon Kremer (born 1947), a Latvian classical violinist and conductor Barbara von Krüdener (1764–1824), a Baltic German author, religious mystic and Pietist Lutheran theologian. Ivan Krylov (1769–1844), a Russian fable writer DJ Lethal (born 1972), an American music producer, real name Leor Dimant Alan Melikdjanian (born 1980), a Latvian-American independent filmmaker known as Captain Disillusion Raimonds Pauls (born 1936), a Latvian composer and piano player Kristjan Jaak Peterson (1801–1822), an Estonian poet Valentin Pikul (1928–1990), a Soviet historical novelist Marie Seebach (1829–1897) a German actress. Ksenia Solo (born 1987), a Latvian-Canadian actress and activist Science Ernst von Bergmann (1836–1907), a Baltic German surgeon, pioneer of aseptic surgery Walter von Boetticher (1853–1945) a German historian, genealogist and physician. Jakob Benjamin Fischer (1731–1793), a Baltic German naturalist and apothecary Lola Hoffmann (1904–1988), a physiologist, psychiatrist and guide to self-development and transformation Charles Kalme (1939–2002), an American mathematician and International Master of chess Karlis Kaufmanis (1910–2003), astronomer, he lectured that the Star of Bethlehem was a conjunction in 7 BC of the planets Jupiter and Saturn Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978), a Soviet mathematician, worked on the first