on top of it via onion services. The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a protocol and network designed to create a content-addressable, peer-to-peer method of storing and sharing hypermedia distribution protocol. Nodes in the IPFS network form a distributed file system. Jami, a peer-to-peer chat and SIP app. JXTA, a peer-to-peer protocol designed for the Java platform. Netsukuku, a Wireless community network designed to be independent from the Internet. Open Garden, connection sharing application that shares Internet access with other devices using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. Resilio Sync, a directory-syncing app. Research like the Chord project, the PAST storage utility, the P-Grid, and the CoopNet content distribution system. Syncthing, a directory-syncing app. Tradepal and M-commerce applications that power real-time marketplaces. The U.S. Department of Defense is conducting research on P2P networks as part of its modern network warfare strategy. In May, 2003, Anthony Tether, then director of DARPA, testified that the United States military uses P2P networks. WebTorrent is a P2P streaming torrent client in JavaScript for use in web browsers, as well as in the WebTorrent Desktop stand alone version that bridges WebTorrent and BitTorrent serverless networks. Microsoft in Windows 10 uses a proprietary peer-to-peer technology called "Delivery Optimization" to deploy operating system updates using end-users PCs either on the local network or other PCs. According to Microsoft's Channel 9 it led to a 30%-50% reduction in Internet bandwidth usage. Artisoft's LANtastic was built as a peer-to-peer operating system. Machines can be both servers and workstations at the same time. Hotline Communications Hotline Client was built as decentralized servers with tracker software dedicated to any type of files and still operates today. Social implications Incentivizing resource sharing and cooperation Cooperation among a community of participants is key to the continued success of P2P systems aimed at casual human users; these reach their full potential only when large numbers of nodes contribute resources. But in current practice, P2P networks often contain large numbers of users who utilize resources shared by other nodes, but who do not share anything themselves (often referred to as the "freeloader problem"). Freeloading can have a profound impact on the network and in some cases can cause the community to collapse. In these types of networks "users have natural disincentives to cooperate because cooperation consumes their own resources and may degrade their own performance." Studying the social attributes of P2P networks is challenging due to large populations