of the Earl of Derby (later King Henry IV) in 1388, which register (one pipe called 'Recordour'). By the fifteenth century, the name had appeared in English literature. The earliest references are in John Lydgate's Temple of Glas ( 1430): . ('These little shepherds fluting all day long ... on these small recorders, on flutes.') and in Lydgate's Fall of Princes ( 1431–1438): , / . ('Pan, god of Nature, with his pipes seven, / of recorders found first the melodies.') Etymology The instrument name recorder derives from the Latin (to call to mind, remember, recollect), by way of Middle French (before 1349; to remember, to learn by heart, repeat, relate, recite, play music) and its derivative MFr ( 1395; one who retells, a minstrel). The association between the various, seemingly disparate, meanings of recorder can be attributed to the role of the medieval jongleur in learning poems by heart and later reciting them, sometimes with musical accompaniment. The English verb record (from Middle French , early thirteenth century) meant "to learn by heart, to commit to memory, to go over in one's mind, to recite", but it was not used in English to refer to playing music until the sixteenth century, when it gained the meaning "silently practicing a tune" or "sing or render in song" (both almost exclusively referring to songbirds), long after the recorder had been named. Thus, the recorder cannot have been named after the sound of birds. The name of the instrument is also uniquely English: in Middle French there is no equivalent noun sense of referring to a musical instrument. Partridge indicates that the use of the instrument by led to its association with the verb: the minstrel's action, a recorder the minstrel's tool. The reason this instrument is known as the recorder, but not one of the other instruments played by the , is uncertain. Flute and recorder The introduction of the Baroque recorder to England by a group of French professionals in 1673 popularised the French name for the instrument, , or simply , a name previously (and subsequently) reserved for the transverse instrument. Until about 1695, the names recorder and flute overlapped, but from 1673 to the late 1720s in England, the word flute always meant recorder. In the 1720s, as the transverse flute overtook the recorder in popularity, English adopted the convention already present in other European languages of qualifying