Earth), moons, and planetary systems, in particular those of the Solar System and the processes that form them. History of stellar astronomy – history of the natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as cosmic background radiation) History of atmospheric physics – history of the study of the application of physics to the atmosphere History of atomic, molecular, and optical physics – history of the study of how matter and light interact History of biophysics – history of the study of physical processes relating to biology History of medical physics – history of the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine. History of neurophysics – history of the branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system. History of chemical physics – history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. History of computational physics – history of the study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists. History of condensed matter physics – history of the study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. History of cryogenics – history of the cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below −150 °C, −238 °F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. Dynamics – history of the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion History of econophysics – history of the interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics History of electromagnetism – history of the branch of science concerned with the forces that occur between electrically charged particles. History of geophysics – history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods History of materials physics – history of the use of physics to describe materials in many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics. History of mathematical physics – history of the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories. History of mechanics – history of the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies