words and phrases, prosody, gestures, or systematic affixes of verbs. Quotative readings of evidentials are typologically rare. For example, English can express evidentials with an optional adverb, "Allegedly, Annie pulled the trigger." The interlocutor then knows the source of the quotation is from elsewhere, but this is not a quotative reading as there is no direct performative quoting or verbs of saying. Languages including Cusco Quechua, Kham, Tagalog, and Kaalallisut are documented as containing quotative evidentials. In languages with "true" quotative evidentials (which usually introduce quoted statements), it is also possible for them to occur with interrogatives and imperatives, yielding quoted interrogatives and quoted imperatives. Similar to quotative particles, quotative evidentials are usually grammaticalized from full lexical verbs. Nhêengatú, a Tupí-Guaraní lingua franca of North-West Amazonia, has a reported evidential marker paá. An example scenario is as follows: X saw John go fishing. Mary then and asks X where John went. X replies “u-sú u-piniatika” (he went fishing). Later, Peter asks Mary where John went. She replies to Peter that she did not see John go herself, but rather heard it from a different source using the evidential marker “u-sú u-piniatika paá.” Gloss: REP=Reported Evidential Marker {| class="wikitable" |- | u-sú || u-piniatika || paá |- | 3sg-go || 3sg-fish || REP|- |colspan=3|"He went fishing (they say/I was told)" |} Tagalog's quotative evidentials are used with imperative quotations. Gloss: INF=Infix REP=Reported Evidential Marker {| class="wikitable" |- | kumain || (ka) || daw |- | eat.INF || (you) || REP|- | colspan=3|Someone said: Eat! |} Cusco Quechua's quotative evidential comes as a derivation of a clitic, =si, for interrogative quotations. Gloss: ACC=Accusative REP=Reported Evidential Marker TOP=Topic PST=Past Tense {| class="wikitable" |- | pi-ta=s || Inés-qa || watuku-sqa |- | who-ACC=REP'''|| Inés-TOP || visit-PST |- | colspan=3|Someone said: Who did Inés visit?'' |} See also Block quotation Escape character Fallacy of quoting out of context Musical quotation Nested quotation Scare quotes Sic Use–mention distinction Quotation mark References Human communication Writing