at a similar rate for the rest of the country's next Five Year Period (2016–2020). India The Indian Railways are subsidized by around , of which around 60% goes to commuter rail and short-haul trips. Europe According to the 2017 European Railway Performance Index for intensity of use, quality of service and safety performance, the top tier European national rail systems consists of Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Austria, Sweden, and France. Performance levels reveal a positive correlation between public cost and a given railway system's performance, and also reveal differences in the value that countries receive in return for their public cost. Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland capture relatively high value for their money, while Luxembourg, Belgium, Latvia, Slovakia, Portugal, Romania, and Bulgaria underperform relative to the average ratio of performance to cost among European countries. Russia In 2016 Russian Railways received 94.9 billion roubles (around US$1.4 billion) from the government. North America United States In 2015, funding from the U.S. federal government for Amtrak was around US$1.4 billion. By 2018, appropriated funding had increased to approximately US$1.9 billion. See also Derailment Environmental design in rail transportation History of transport International Union of Railways List of countries by rail transport network size List of countries by rail usage List of railroad-related periodicals List of railway companies List of railway industry occupations Passenger rail terminology Rail transport by country Mega project Mine railway Outline of rail transport Railway systems engineering Track gauge Notes References Sources Further reading Burton, Anthony. Railway Empire: How the British Gave Railways to the World (2018) excerpt Chant, Christopher. The world's railways: the history and development of rail transport (Chartwell Books, 2001). Faith, Nicholas. The World the Railways Made (2014) excerpt Freeman, Michael. "The Railway as Cultural Metaphor: ‘What Kind of Railway History?’ Revisited." Journal of Transport History 20.2 (1999): 160–167. Mukhopadhyay, Aparajita. Imperial Technology and ‘Native’Agency: A Social History of Railways in Colonial India, 1850–1920 (Taylor & Francis, 2018). Nock, O. S. Railways then and now: a world history (1975) online Nock, O. S. World atlas of railways (1978) online Nock, O. S. 150 years of main line railways (1980) online Pirie, Gordon. "Tracking railway histories." Journal of Transport History 35.2 (2014): 242–248. Sawai, Minoru, ed. The Development of Railway Technology in East Asia in Comparative Perspective (#Sringer, 2017) Trains Magazine. The Historical Guide to North American Railroads (3rd ed. 2014) Wolmar,