larger territorial losses for Germany than the First World War, with vast portions of eastern Germany directly annexed by the Soviet Union and Poland. The scale of the Germans' defeat was unprecedented; Pan-Germanism became taboo because it had been tied to racist concepts of the "master race" and Nordicism by the Nazi party. However, the reunification of Germany in 1990 revived the old debates. See also 18th century and before Germania Germanic peoples Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation Peace of Westphalia 19th century German Empire German nationalism German question (with Großdeutsche Lösung) Irredentism Pan-German League Pan-nationalism Romantic nationalism Scandinavism Völkisch movement 20th century Anschluss Ethnic nationalism Expansionism German nationalism in Austria Greater Germanic Reich Mitteleuropa Nazi Germany Volksgemeinschaft References Notes Further reading Chickering, Roger. We Men Who Feel Most German: Cultural Study of the Pan-German League, 1886–1914. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. 1984. Kleineberg, A.; Marx Chr.; Knobloch E.; Lelgemann D. Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios'"Atlas der Oikumene". WBG 2010. . Jackisch, Barry Andrew. 'Not a Large, but a Strong Right': The Pan-German League, Radical Nationalism, and Rightist Party Politics in Weimar Germany, 1918–1939. Bell and Howell Information and Learning Company: Ann Arbor. 2000. Wertheimer, Mildred. The Pan-German League, 1890–1914. Columbia University Press: New York. 1924. German nationalism Modern history of Germany Political movements Politics of Nazi Germany Germanism German irredentism Sudetenland