of Dimorphodon macronyx| |- |Pterodactylus pleydelli|Owen |1874 |Nomen dubium| |- |Pterodactylus sagittirostris|Owen |1874 |Reclassified as Serradraco sagittirostris| |- |Pterodactylus umbrosus|Cope |1874 |Nomen dubium|Reclassified from Ornithochirus umbrosus|- |Pterodactylus validus|Owen |1875 |Reclassified as Doratorhynchus validus| |- |Pterodactylus montanus|Marsh |1878 |Reclassified as Dermodactylus montanus| |- |Pterodactylus suevicus|Fraas non Quenstedt |1878 non 1855 |Synonym of Ardeadactylus longicollum| |- |Pterodactylus fraasi|(Seeley) |(1901) |Synonym of Ardeadactylus longicollum|Reclassified from. Cycnorhamphus fraasi|- |Pterodactylus cristatus|Wiman |1925 |Reclassified as Germanodactylus cristatus| |- |Pterodactylus westmani|Wiman |1925 |Synonym of Pterodactylus antiquus| |- |Pterodactylus cormoranus|Döderlein |1929 |Synonym of Pterodactylus antiquus| |- |Pterodactylus arningi|Reck |1931 |Nomen dubium| |- |Pterodactylus brancai|Reck |1931 |Nomen dubium|Reclassified as Dsungaripterus brancai|- |Pterodactylus maximus|Reck |1931 |Nomen dubium| |- |Pterodactylus raptor|Owen vide Ingles & Sawyer |1979 |Nomen nudum| |- |} Cultural significancePterodactylus is regarded as one of the most iconic prehistoric creatures, with multiple appearances in books, movies, as well as television series and several videogames. The informal name "pterodactyl" is sometimes used to refer to any kind of animal belonging to the order Pterosauria, though most of the times to Pterodactylus, as it's the most well-known member of the group. The popular aspect of Pterodactylus consists of an elongated head crest, and potentially large wings. Studies of Pterodactylus however, conclude that it may even lack a bony cranial crest, though several analysis have proven that Pterodactylus may in fact have a crest made up of soft tissue instead of bone.Pterodactylus is the star character of the 2005 horror film Pterodactyl, where it is identified with the informal name "pterodactyl", hence the name of the film. In the film, the "pterodactyls" resemble the aspect of the distantly related genus Pteranodon due to the elongated bony cranial crest, and their enormous size. One peculiar feature that Pterodactylus had in the film is the possession of teeth, while this is generally accurate for Pterodactylus, the overall appearance of the creatures in the film is similar to that of Pteranodon, as well as the large size, this makes them resemble some kind of pterosaur identical to Pteranodon, but with the possession of teeth. Another appearance of Pterodactylus-like creatures is in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. In this novel, the Nazgûl, introduced as the Black Riders, are nine characters who rode flying monsters that looked similarly built to Pterodactylus''. Christopher Tolkien, the son of the author, described the flying monsters as "Nazgûl-birds"; his father described the appearance of the steeds as somewhat "pterodactylic", and