river is the German-Swiss border until Basel, where it enters Switzerland for the last time. the Upper Rhine is the border between France (to the west) and Switzerland (to the east) for a short distance, from Basel to Hunningue. Here it becomes the Franco (to the west) – German (to the east) frontier until Au am Rhein. Hence, the main course of the Rhine never flows within France, although some river canals do. From Au am Rhein the river flows within Germany. the Middle Rhine flows entirely within Germany. the Lower Rhine flows within Germany until Emmerich am Rhein, where it becomes the border between The Netherlands (to the north) and Germany (to the south). At Millingen aan de Rijn the river enters the Netherlands. all parts of the Delta Rhein flows within the Netherlands until they enter the North Sea, IJsselmeer (IJssel) or Haringvliet (Waal) at the Dutch coast. Bridges Former distributaries Order: panning north to south through the Western Netherlands: Vecht (Utrecht) (minor channel in Roman times, flowing into former Zuider Zee lagoon) Kromme Rijn – Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland) (main channel in Roman times, dammed in the 12th century) Hollandse IJssel (formed after Roman times, dammed in the 13th century AD) Linge (big channel in Roman times, dammed in the 14th century AD) De Biesbosch-area (initiated by AD 1421–1424 storm surges and river floods, by-passed since the digging of Nieuwe Merwede canal in AD 1904) Canals Order: upstream to downstream: Rhine–Main–Danube Canal – southeastern Germany Grand Canal d'Alsace – eastern France Rhine-Herne Canal – northwest Germany, connection to the Dortmund-Ems Canal and the Mittellandkanal Maas-Waal Canal – eastcentral Netherlands Amsterdam-Rhine Canal – central Netherlands Scheldt-Rhine Canal – southwest Netherlands Canal of Drusus See also Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine EV15 The Rhine Cycle Route Köln-Düsseldorfer Piz Lunghin (triple watershed: Po–Rhine–Danube) Witenwasserenstock (triple watershed: Rhone–Rhine–Po) List of old waterbodies of the Rhine Notes and references Notes References Bibliography External links Rhine with maps and details of navigation through the French section; places, ports and moorings, by the author of Inland Waterways of France, Imray Navigation details for 80 French rivers and canals (French waterways website section) Old maps of the Rhine, from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel International rivers of Europe Rivers of Vorarlberg Rivers of France Rivers of Liechtenstein Rivers of Switzerland Border rivers Austria–Switzerland border France–Germany border