least the second one; an earlier replica constructed of wood was destroyed by a tornado. Race relations Race relations in Paris were described by Newsweek as "turbulent" and sometimes "explosive". In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, several lynchings of African-Americans were staged at the Paris Fairgrounds. A black teenager, Henry Smith, lynched in 1893, was the first in US history captured in photographs. Other lynchings included Irving and Herman Arthur in 1920. In 2008, an African-American man, Brandon McClelland, was run over and dragged to death by two white men, who were not prosecuted due to lack of evidence. A rally over the death in 2009 had groups shouting "white power" and "black power". Other incidents included sentencing disparities between black and white juveniles, racist flags and graffiti, school discipline disparities, and racist labor practices. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and (3.74%) are covered by water. Paris has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification). It is located in "Tornado Alley", an area largely centered in the middle of the United States in which tornadoes occur frequently because of weather patterns and geography. Paris is in USDA plant hardiness zone 8a for winter temperatures. This is cooler than its southern neighbor Dallas, and while similar to Atlanta, Georgia, it has warmer summertime temperatures. Summertime average highs reach and in July and August, with associated lows of and . Winter temperatures drop to an average high of and low of in January. The highest temperature on record was , set in August 1936, and the record low was , set in 1930. Average precipitation is . Snow is not unusual, but is by no means predictable, and years can pass with no snowfall at all. On April 2, 1982, Paris was hit by an F4 tornado that destroyed more than 1,500 homes, and left 10 people dead, 170 injured, and 3,000 homeless. The damage toll from this tornado was estimated at US$50 million in 1982. Climate According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paris has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Paris was on August 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was on January 1930. Demographics From a 1880 United States census population of 3,980, the population of the city of Paris increased to 25,898 at