Croatia – Split (13th century - 1828) France Arles – Gaul and Spain Auch – Novempopulania and the kingdom of Navarre Bordeaux – Aquitaine Bourges – Aquitaine (8th century) Lyons – the Gauls, i.e., the provinces called Lugdunenses Narbonne Nancy – Lorraine title received in 1602. This is a notable exception, considering the fact that Nancy became a bishopric in 1777. Reims Rouen – Primate of Normandy Sens – Gauls and Germany Vienne – Burgundy, Primate of Primates Germany Mainz – Germany 798-1802 Trier Magdeburg Hungary Esztergom, known as Gran in German. Ireland Armagh – All Ireland Dublin – Ireland Italy – Rome (the Papacy) Netherlands - Utrecht Poland Gniezno - Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania - (1418) Warsaw - Kingdom of Poland 1815-1829 and 1925-1938 Portugal Braga - Spains, i.e., the Iberian Peninsula Sardinia Cagliari, (– 1158, 1409–) Pisa – Sardinia & Corsica (1158–) Scotland Dunkeld c. 844 Abernethy ca. 844–908 St Andrews 908– Serbia Bar Spain Toledo – Visigothic Kingdom, Spain (Bull of 1088) Tarragona - Spains, Catalonia Ukraine Lviv - Galicia and Lodomeria 1817-1858 Sicily Syracuse, during the 1st millennium, recognized by Patriarchate of Constantinople Palermo; Venice – for Dalmatia (in Croatia) Elsewhere Carthage – Africa ancient, Pope Leo IX: 1893 Canada - Quebec (1956) Archdiocese of Goa and Damaon, primatial see of the East, more specifically the East Indies Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, primatial (and oldest) see of the Indies Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia, primatial of Brazil (1551). Archdiocese of Buenos Aires – Argentina (the title was granted under Pope Pius XI on 29 January 1936). Until the Counterreformation England Canterbury, All England (597-1558) York, England (-1558) Lund, Scandinavia Esztergom, Hungary At the First Vatican Council Source Salzburg, Austria Antivari, Serbia Salerno São Salvador da Bahia, Brazil Gniezno, Poland Tarragona, Spain Mechlin-Brussels, Belgium (1560) Armagh, All Ireland Esztergom, Hungary Regular clergy equivalent In the modern confederation of the Benedictine Order, all the Black Monks of St. Benedict were united under the presidency of an Abbot Primate (Leo XIII, Summum semper, 12 July 1893); but the unification, fraternal in its nature, brought no modification to the abbatial dignity, and the various congregations preserved their autonomy intact. The loose structure of the Benedictine Confederation is claimed to have made Pope Leo XIII exclaim that the Benedictines were ordo sine ordine ("an order without order"). The powers of the Abbot Primate are specified, and his position