them...there are also cases of polyandry." "The Tupi-Kawahib also practice fraternal polyandry." "...up to 70 percent of Amazonian cultures may have believed in the principle of multiple paternity" Mapuche polyandry is rare but not unheard of. The men are often brothers. Religious attitudes Hinduism There is at least one reference to polyandry in the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata. Draupadi married the five Pandava brothers, as this is what she chose in a previous life. This ancient text remains largely neutral to the concept of polyandry, accepting this as her way of life. However, in the same epic, when questioned by Kunti to give an example of polyandry, Yudhishthira cites Gautam-clan Jatila (married to seven Saptarishis) and Hiranyaksha's sister Pracheti (married to ten brothers), thereby implying a more open attitude toward polyandry in Hindu society. Judaism The Hebrew Bible contains no examples of women married to more than one man, but its description of adultery clearly implies that polyandry is unacceptable and the practice is unknown in Jewish tradition. In addition, the children from other than the first husband are considered illegitimate (i.e., mamzers), unless he has already divorced her or died, being a product of an adulterous relationship. Christianity Most Christian denominations in the Western world strongly advocate monogamous marriage, and a passage from the Pauline epistles can be interpreted as forbidding polyandry. Latter-Day Saints Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, and other early Latter-day Saints, practiced polygamous marriages with several women who were already married to other men. The practice was officially ended with the 1890 Manifesto. Polyandrous marriages did exist, albeit in significantly less numbers, in early LDS history. Islam Although Islamic marital law allows men to have up to four wives, polyandry is not allowed in Islam or Islamic scriptures. In biology Polyandrous behavior exists in the animal kingdom, occurring for example in certain insects, fish, birds, and mammals. See also Legal status of polygamy Matrilineality Polyandry in India Polyandry in Tibet Sacred prostitution Sexual conflict Sexy son hypothesis Sperm competition Types of mating, marriage and lifestyle: Bigamy Cuckold Eusociality Group marriage Monogamy Non-monogamy Open marriage Polyamory Polygamy Polygynandry Polygyny References Further reading Levine, Nancy, The Dynamics of Polyandry: Kinship, domesticity and population on the Tibetan border, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. , Peter, Prince of Greece, A Study of Polyandry, The Hague, Mouton, 1963. Gielen, U. P. (1993). Gender Roles in traditional Tibetan cultures. In L.