union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties. Romani people constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians, with significant populations in Mureș (8.9%) and Călărași (7,47%) counties. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. The number of Romani people is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population. After Hungarians and Romani, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramureș County (where they make up 6.77% of the population). Origins Vital statistics Total Fertility Rate from 1850 to 1899 The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. Before WWI Between WWI and WWII After WWII Main sources: Source: National Institute of Statistics Note: The 2011 Romanian census gave a figure of 20,121,641. Current vital statistics The current vital statistics of Romania are as follows: Life expectancy 1950–2020 Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population. Birth rates by counties Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. Ilfov County has the highest crude birth rate (12.0‰), while Vâlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6‰). Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. Demographics statistics Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. One birth every 3 minutes One death every 2 minutes Net loss of one person every 5 minutes One net migrant every 19 minutes The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. Population 19,000,000 (January 2023 est.) Median age total: 41.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 38th male: 40.2 years female: 43 years (2018 est.) Birth rate