be no more than 10 Watts peak envelope power (PEP), while others strongly hold that the power limit should be 5 Watts. QRPers are known to regularly use less than 5 Watts, sometimes operating with as little as 100 milliwatts or even less. Extremely low power — 1 Watt and below — is often referred to by hobbyists as "QRPP". Communicating using QRP can be difficult since the QRPer must face the same challenges of radio propagation faced by amateurs using higher power levels, but with the inherent disadvantages associated with having a weaker signal on the receiving end, all other things being equal. QRP aficionados try to make up for this through more efficient antenna systems and enhanced operating skills. Weak signal modes QRP enthusiasts may use special modes that employ technology and software designed to enhance reception of the relatively weak transmitted signals resulting from low power levels. QRSS: Very slow speed Morse code QRSS uses very slow speed CW (Morse code) to compensate for the decreased signal-to-noise ratio involved in QRP operation. QRSS enthusiasts may record a transmission for later analysis, sometimes decoding "by ear" while playing it back at much faster speeds, or decoding "by eye" on the waterfall display of a spectrum analyzer. Coherent CW: Critically-timed Morse code transmission Coherent CW uses transmitters that clock-out signals calibrated to a precise rate, allowing receivers to employ extremely narrowband filtering to increase readability. WSJT: Weak Signal – Joe Taylor WSJT is a software system that utilizes several separate modes, each optimized for a different signal path; these include meteor scatter, troposcatter, and EME communications. WSJT was named after Dr. J.H. Taylor to acknowledge his work in developing weak signal communication modes for radio. WSPR: Weak Signal – Propagation Reporter WSPR is a software suite and computer network used to monitor propagation paths for optimal communication conditions. Equipment Many of the larger, more powerful commercial transceivers permit the operator to lower their output level to QRP levels. Commercial transceivers specially designed to operate at or near QRP power levels have been commercially available since the late 1960s. In 1969 the American manufacturer Ten-Tec produced the Powermite-1, one of Ten-Tec's first assembled transceivers, and featured modular construction. All stages of the transceiver were on individual circuit boards: the transmitter was capable of about one or two watts of RF, and the receiver was a direct-conversion unit, similar to that