was "fraught with political intrigue and conflict". Adrian has been described as having "theocratic pretensions", although it was also during his pontificate that the term "Vicar of Christ" became a common synonym for the Pope. Henry Summerson suggests that on his death, Adrian "left a high reputation", and quotes the Dictionary of National Biography in saying that he also became "something of a role model for later popes". The scholar Michael Frassetto suggests that blame for the poor relations between Adrian and Frederick can be placed as much upon their advisors—Roland and Reinald specifically—who both "stressed principle over compromise". Summerson also notes that although England provided no subsequent popes, relations between that country and the Papacy remained strong after Adrian's death and into the 13th century. Adrian's generous treatment of St Albans also had repercussions. He had granted it privileges of such breadth and grandeur—which were confirmed by his successors—that they caused rancour and jealousy in the English church. Ullman suggests that it was Adrian who began the restoration of the Papal monarchy that would reach its apotheosis under Innocent III, while Bolton argues that "only Innocent, the great Roman, realised the value to the papacy of following where Adrian, the unique Englishman, had led". Nicholas Breakspear School in St Albans, England, built in 1963, is named in his honour. See also List of popes Cardinals created by Adrian IV Notes References Bibliography J. G. Rowe. 'Hadrian IV. the Byzantine empire and the Latin oricnt' in Essay: in medieval historypmenud lo Bertie Wilkinson ed. T. A. Sandquist and M. R. Powickc (T oronto. 1969) pp. 9–12 e Further reading External links Enciclopedia dei Papi (Italian) 1100s births 1159 deaths People from Abbots Langley English popes 12th-century English cardinals Cardinal-bishops of Albano Apostolic Nuncios to Scandinavia Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors Canonical Augustinian popes Deaths from peritonsillar abscess People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire Popes 12th-century popes Burials at St. Peter's Basilica