countries with 5 indicators, and pays the most attention to risk of political instability or armed conflict over a three-year period. The most recent ledger shows that the most peaceful country is Slovenia on the contrary Afghanistan is the most conflicted nation. Besides indicated above reports from the Institute for Economics and Peace, Fund for Peace, and University of Maryland, other organizations including George Mason University release indexes that rank countries in terms of peacefulness. Long periods The longest continuing period of peace and neutrality among currently existing states is observed in Sweden since 1814 and in Switzerland, which has had an official policy of neutrality since 1815. This was made possible partly by the periods of relative peace in Europe and the world known as Pax Britannica (1815–1914), Pax Europaea/Pax Americana (since 1950s), and Pax Atomica (also since the 1950s). Other examples of long periods of peace are: the isolationistic Edo period (also known as Tokugawa shogunate) in Japan 1603 to 1868 (265 years) Pax Khazarica in Khazar Khanate (south-east Turkey) about 700–950 AD (250 years) Pax Romana in the Roman empire (for 190 or 206 years). See also Anti-war Catholic peace traditions Grey-zone (international relations) Group on International Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace (GIPGAP) Human overpopulation#Warfare and conflict over dwindling resources List of peace activists List of places named Peace List of peace prizes Moral syncretism Nonkilling Nonviolence Non-aggression principle Peace education Peace in Islamic philosophy Peace Journalism Peace makers Peace One Day Peace Palace Peace symbol Perpetual peace Prayer for Peace Structural violence Sulh War resister References Notes Sir Norman Angell. The Great Illusion. 1909 Raymond Aron, Peace and War. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966 Hedley Bull. The Anarchical Society. Macmillan, 1977 Sir Herbert Butterfield. Christianity, Diplomacy and War. 1952 Martin Ceadel. Pacifism in Britain, 1914–1945: The Defining of a Faith. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980 Martin Ceadel. Semi-Detached Idealists: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1854–1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Martin Ceadel. The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1730–1854. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Martin Ceadel. Thinking about Peace and War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987 Inis L. Claude, Jr. Swords into Ploughshares: The Problems and Progress of International Organization. 1971 Michael W. Doyle. Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism. W.W. Norton, 1997 Sir Harry Hinsley. Power and the Pursuit of Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University