that is transitional between temperate and continental. Climatic conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied relief. The Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic air masses, restricting their oceanic influences to the west and center of the country, where they make for milder winters and heavier rainfall. The mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in Ukraine, which bring frosty winters and less rain to the south and southeast. In the extreme southeast, Mediterranean influences offer a milder, maritime climate. The average annual temperature is in the south and in the north. In Bucharest, the temperature ranges from in January to in July, with average temperatures of in January and in July. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than of precipitation each year. Annual precipitation averages about in central Transylvania, at Iași in Moldavia, and only at Constanța on the Black Sea. Temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms. Winters generally are from November to March. The springs are short, occasionally turning right into summer. Summer lasts from May to August. They have a prolonged Autumn, from September to November. The average January temperature is and the average July temperature is . Facts: Record High Temperature: - August 10, 1951 South-Eastern Romania; Record Low Temperature: - January 24, 1942 (Central Romania) Location Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea and Danube, with the Carpathian mountains in its center. Controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova and Ukraine Geographic coordinates: Extreme points of Romania: Northernmost point: , a village in Botoșani County, on the border with Ukraine, Southernmost point: Zimnicea, a town in Teleorman County, on the border with Bulgaria, Westernmost point: Beba Veche, a village in Timiș County, on the border with Hungary and Serbia, Easternmost point: Sulina, a town in Tulcea County, on the Danube Delta, Area Total: Land: Water: Land boundaries Total: 3,149.9 km (1,957.2 mi) border countries: Bulgaria 631 km (382 mi), Hungary 448 km (278 mi), Moldova 681 km (423 mi), Serbia 546 km (339 mi), and Ukraine to the north and east for 649 km (403 mi). Coastline Length: Maritime claims: Snake Island contiguous zone: continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: with territorial sea: