of Species by Darwin the following year, precursor concept 1866, Ernst Haeckel, first publishes his phylogeny-based evolutionary tree, precursor concept 1893, Dollo's Law of Character State Irreversibility, precursor concept 1912, ML recommended, analyzed, and popularized by Ronald Fisher, precursor concept 1921, Tillyard uses term "phylogenetic" and distinguishes between archaic and specialized characters in his classification system 1940, term "clade" coined by Lucien Cuénot 1949, Jackknife resampling, Maurice Quenouille (foreshadowed in '46 by Mahalanobis and extended in '58 by Tukey), precursor concept 1950, Willi Hennig's classic formalization 1952, William Wagner's groundplan divergence method 1953, "cladogenesis" coined 1960, "cladistic" coined by Cain and Harrison 1963, first attempt to use ML (maximum likelihood) for phylogenetics, Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza 1965 Camin-Sokal parsimony, first parsimony (optimization) criterion and first computer program/algorithm for cladistic analysis both by Camin and Sokal character compatibility method, also called clique analysis, introduced independently by Camin and Sokal (loc. cit.) and E. O. Wilson 1966 English translation of Hennig "cladistics" and "cladogram" coined (Webster's, loc. cit.) 1969 dynamic and successive weighting, James Farris Wagner parsimony, Kluge and Farris CI (consistency index), Kluge and Farris introduction of pairwise compatibility for clique analysis, Le Quesne 1970, Wagner parsimony generalized by Farris 1971 first successful application of ML to phylogenetics (for protein sequences), Neyman Fitch parsimony, Fitch NNI (nearest neighbour interchange), first branch-swapping search strategy, developed independently by Robinson and Moore et al. ME (minimum evolution), Kidd and Sgaramella-Zonta (it is unclear if this is the pairwise distance method or related to ML as Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza call ML "minimum evolution") 1972, Adams consensus, Adams 1976, prefix system for ranks, Farris 1977, Dollo parsimony, Farris 1979 Nelson consensus, Nelson MAST (maximum agreement subtree)((GAS)greatest agreement subtree), a consensus method, Gordon bootstrap, Bradley Efron, precursor concept 1980, PHYLIP, first software package for phylogenetic analysis, Felsenstein 1981 majority consensus, Margush and MacMorris strict consensus, Sokal and Rohlf first computationally efficient ML algorithm, Felsenstein 1982 PHYSIS, Mikevich and Farris branch and bound, Hendy and Penny 1985 first cladistic analysis of eukaryotes based on combined phenotypic and genotypic evidence Diana Lipscomb first issue of Cladistics first phylogenetic application of bootstrap, Felsenstein first phylogenetic application of jackknife, Scott Lanyon 1986, MacClade, Maddison and Maddison 1987, neighbor-joining method Saitou and Nei 1988, Hennig86 (version 1.5), Farris Bremer support (decay index), Bremer 1989 RI (retention index), RCI (rescaled consistency index), Farris HER (homoplasy excess ratio), Archie 1990 combinable components (semi-strict) consensus, Bremer