of a quilt together, so it stays in place whilst being sewn. It is a specially formulated glue that will not clog a sewing machine, and is a much quicker basting method than hand basting. Quilting templates/patterns come in many varieties and are generally considered the basis of the structure of the quilt, like a blueprint for a house. Bias binding or bias tape can be made from strips of quilt fabric or purchased as quilt binding. It is used in the last stage of making a quilt, and is a method of covering the edges of the quilt. Specialty styles Foundation piecing – also known as paper-piecing – sewing pieces of fabric onto a temporary or permanent foundation Shadow or echo quilting – Hawaiian quilting, where quilting is done around an appliquéd piece on the quilt top, then the quilting is echoed again and again around the previous quilting line. Ralli quilting – Pakistani and Indian quilting, often associated with the Sindh (Pakistan) and Gujarat (India) regions. Sashiko stitching – Basic running stitch worked in heavy, white cotton thread usually on dark indigo colored fabric. It was originally used by the working classes to stitch layers together for warmth. Trapunto quilting – stuffed quilting, often associated with Italy. Machine trapunto quilting – a process of using water-soluble thread and an extra layer of batting to achieve trapunto design and then sandwiching the quilt and re-sewing the design with regular cotton thread. Shadow trapunto – This involves quilting a design in fine lawn and filling some of the spaces in the pattern with small lengths of colored wool. Tivaevae or tifaifai – A distinct art from the Cook Islands. Watercolor quilting – A sophisticated form of scrap quilting whereby uniform sizes of various prints are arranged and sewn to create a picture or design. See also Colorwash. Thread art – A custom style of sewing where thread is layered to create the picture on the quilt. Traditional embroidery techniques can also be used to create block designs or embellish pieced or appliqued blocks. See also Broderie perse Machine quilting Quilt art List of quilters References Further reading Bristow, Lora J. "Women’s work: social relations of quilting." (Thesis, Humboldt State University, 2013. online Brown, Elsa Barkley. "African-American women's quilting." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14.4 (1989): 921–929. online Colby, Averil. Quilting. (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971). Gillespie, Spike. Quilts