also refer to the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly-traded private company by private equity investors, which is more often called "going private". The buyout withdraws the company's shares from being traded at a public stock exchange. Depending on the involvement of internal and external investors, it may occur through a leveraged buyout or a management buyout, tender offer, or hostile takeover. See also Commodification Corporatization Deregulation Equitisation Kibbutz List of nationalizations by country List of privatizations by country Marketization Nationalization Private prison Private sector development Privately owned public space Structural adjustment Notes References Unindexed Clarke, Thomas (ed.) (1994) "International Privatisation: Strategies and Practices" Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, Clarke, Thomas and Pitelis, Christos (eds.) (1995) "The Political Economy of Privatisation" London and New York: Routledge, von Hayek, Friedrich, (1960) The Constitution of Liberty Kosar, Kevin R. (2006), "Privatisation and the Federal Government: An Introduction", Report from the Congressional Research Service Mayer, Florian (2006) Vom Niedergang des unternehmerisch tätigen Staates: Privatisierungspolitik in Großbritannien, Frankreich, Italien und Deutschland, VS Verlag, Wiesbaden, Megginson and Netter, From state to market: A survey of empirical studies on privatization, Journal of Economic Literature 39(2), June 2001, 321–389. Nico Perrone (2002), Economia pubblica rimossa, Milan, Giuffrè Smith, Adam (1776) The Wealth of Nations Sprague, Jeb 2007. Haiti: Workers Protest Privatisation Layoffs. Inter Press Service. Stiglitz, Joseph Globalization and Its Discontents von Weizsäcker, Ernst, Oran Young, and Matthias Finger (editors): Limits to Privatisation. Earthscan, London 2005 (Trad. esp.: Democracia S. A., Buenos Aires/Madrid, Katz editores S.A, 2008, ) Zullo, Roland. (2009). Does Fiscal Stress Induce Privatization? Correlates of Private and Intermunicipal Contracting, 1992–2002. Governance 22.3 (July): 459–481. External links Privatization's Rise from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives Reports of the Public Services International Research Unit at the University of Greenwich Research database with many articles on the effects of privatization Economics of regulation Market structure Monopoly (economics) Public economics