Italian, Romance languages of Italy, and Corsican for long . TS: used in Catalan for . TSH: used in Walloon for /tʃ/. TG: used in Romansh for or . In Catalan is used for before E and I, as in metge or fetge. TH: used in Jèrriais for ; used in Aranese for either or . TJ: used between vowels and before A, O or U, in Catalan for , as in sotjar or mitjó. TSCH: used in Romansh for . TX: used at the beginning or at the end of word or between vowels in Catalan for , as in txec, esquitx or atxa. TZ: used in Catalan for . XH: used in Walloon for /ʃ/ or /h/, depending on the dialect. While the digraphs CH, PH, RH and TH were at one time used in many words of Greek origin, most languages have now replaced them with C/QU, F, R and T. Only French has kept these etymological spellings, which now represent or , , and , respectively. Double consonants Gemination, in the languages where it occurs, is usually indicated by doubling the consonant, except when it does not contrast phonemically with the corresponding short consonant, in which case gemination is not indicated. In Jèrriais, long consonants are marked with an apostrophe: is a long , is a long , and is a long . The phonemic contrast between geminate and single consonants is widespread in Italian, and normally indicated in the traditional orthography: 'done' vs. 'fate, destiny'; 's/he, it fell' vs. 's/he, it falls'. The double consonants in French orthography, however, are merely etymological. In Catalan, the gemination of is marked by a ("flying point"): . Diacritics Romance languages also introduced various marks (diacritics) that may be attached to some letters, for various purposes. In some cases, diacritics are used as an alternative to digraphs and trigraphs; namely to represent a larger number of sounds than would be possible with the basic alphabet, or to distinguish between sounds that were previously written the same. Diacritics are also used to mark word stress, to indicate exceptional pronunciation of letters in certain words, and to distinguish words with same pronunciation (homophones). Depending on the language, some letter-diacritic combinations may be considered distinct letters, e.g. for the purposes of lexical sorting. This is the case, for example, of Romanian ș () and Spanish ñ (). The following are the most