use stretching shears ("Streckschere"), a.k.a. Nürnberger Scissors (:de:Nürnberger Schere) as hat snatchers to entertain the crowds. The fencing and swordsmanship manual Ms.Thott.290.2º written in 1459 by Hans Talhoffer includes what appears to be an extending blade working on the same principle. In 1886, Eduard Selling patented a prize-winning calculating machine based on the pantograph, although it was not commercially successful. In many cartoons, the bird in a cuckoo clock is depicted as extending on a pantograph mechanism, although this is seldom the case in actual clocks. Expanding fences or trellises use folding pantograph mechanisms, for ease of transport and storage. Longarm quilting machine operators may trace a pantograph, paper pattern, with a laser pointer to stitch a custom pattern onto the quilt. Digitized pantographs are followed by computerized machines. Linn Boyd Benton invented a pantographic engraving machine for type design, which was capable not only of scaling a single font design pattern to a variety of sizes, but could also condense, extend, and slant the design (mathematically, these are cases of affine transformation, which is the fundamental geometric operation of most systems of digital typography today, including PostScript). Pantographs are also used as guide frames in heavy-duty applications including scissor lifts, material handling equipment, stage lifts and specialty hinges (such as for panel doors on boats and airplanes). Richard Feynman used the analogy of a pantograph as a way of scaling down tools to the nanometer scale in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom. Numerous trade-show displays use 3-dimensional pantograph mechanisms to support backdrops for exhibit booths. The framework expands in 2 directions (vertical and horizontal) from a bundle of connected rods into a self-supporting structure on which a fabric backdrop is hung. The Ultra Hand is a toy grabber that uses a pantograph device. See also Autopen Parallel motion by James Watt Spirograph Lettering guide References External links Pantograph Java applet Pantograph at mathworld.wolfram.com How to build a pantograph Pantograph Cradle used in Building Facade Access System Mechanism of a pantograph R&I Industry Scrapbook Part 2: The Pantograph Era by Kristin Huff Art and craft toys Linkages (mechanical) Technical drawing tools Copying