Lat. ("hand"), ("frog"), ("good"), Old Portuguese , , (Portuguese: , , ). This process was the source of most of the language's distinctive nasal diphthongs. In particular, the Latin endings -anem, and became in most cases, cf. Lat. ("dog"), ("brother"), ("reason") with Modern Port. , , , and their plurals -anes, -anos, -ones normally became -ães, -ãos, -ões, cf. cães, irmãos, razões. The Portuguese language is the only Romance language that preserves the clitic case mesoclisis: cf. (I'll give thee), (I'll love you), (I'll contact them). Like Galician, it also retains the Latin synthetic pluperfect tense: (I had been), (I had lived), (you had lived). Romanian also has this tense, but uses the -s- form. Vocabulary Most of the lexicon of Portuguese is derived, directly or through other Romance languages, from Latin. Nevertheless, because of its original Lusitanian and Celtic Gallaecian heritage, and the later participation of Portugal in the Age of Discovery, it has a relevant number of words from the ancient Hispano-Celtic group and adopted loanwords from other languages around the world. A number of Portuguese words can still be traced to the pre-Roman inhabitants of Portugal, which included the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes. Most of these words derived from the Hispano-Celtic Gallaecian language of northwestern Iberia, and are very often shared with Galician since both languages have the same origin in the medieval language of Galician-Portuguese. A few of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other Celtic sources, often Gaulish. Altogether these are over 2,000 words, some verbs and toponymic names of towns, rivers, utensils and plants. In the 5th century, the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania) was conquered by the Germanic, Suebi and Visigoths. As they adopted the Roman civilization and language, however, these people contributed with some 500 Germanic words to the lexicon. Many of these words are related to: warfare, such as 'spur', ('stake'), and ('war'), from Gothic *spaúra, *stakka, and *wirro respectively; natural world, such as ('swine') from *sweina, ('hawk') from *gabilans, ('wave') from *vigan; human emotions, such as or ('pride', 'proud') from Old Germanic *urguol, and verbs like ('to craft, record, graft') from *graba or ('to squeeze, quash, grind') from Suebian *magōn or ('to shred') from *harpō. The Germanic languages influence also exists in toponymic surnames and patronymic surnames borne by Visigoth sovereigns and their descendants, and it dwells on placenames such as Ermesinde, Esposende and Resende where sinde