† indicates drugs that are no longer (or were never) marketed in English-speaking countries. ‡ denotes drugs that are no longer (or were never to begin with) marketed in the United States. Some antipsychotics are not firmly placed in either first-generation or second-generation classes. # denotes drugs that have been withdrawn worldwide. First-generation (typical) Butyrophenones Benperidol‡ Bromperidol† Droperidol‡ Haloperidol Moperone (discontinued)† Pipamperone (discontinued)† Timiperone † Diphenylbutylpiperidines Fluspirilene ‡ Penfluridol ‡ Pimozide Phenothiazines Acepromazine † — although it is mostly used in veterinary medicine. Chlorpromazine Cyamemazine † Dixyrazine † Fluphenazine Levomepromazine‡ Mesoridazine (discontinued)† Perazine Pericyazine‡ Perphenazine Pipotiazine ‡ Prochlorperazine Promazine (discontinued) Promethazine Prothipendyl † Thioproperazine‡ (only English-speaking country it is available in is Canada) Thioridazine (discontinued) Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine (discontinued)† Thioxanthenes Chlorprothixene † Clopenthixol Flupentixol ‡ Thiothixene Zuclopenthixol ‡ Disputed/unknown This category is for drugs that have been called both first and second-generation, depending on the literature being used. Benzamides Sulpiride ‡ Sultopride † Veralipride † Tricyclics Carpipramine † Clocapramine † Clorotepine † Clotiapine ‡ Loxapine Mosapramine † Others Molindone # Second-generation (atypical) Benzamides Amisulpride ‡ – Selective dopamine antagonist. Higher doses (greater than 400 mg) act upon post-synaptic dopamine receptors resulting in a reduction in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as psychosis. Lower doses, however, act upon dopamine autoreceptors, resulting in increased dopamine transmission, improving the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Lower doses of amisulpride have also been shown to have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in non-schizophrenic patients, leading to its use in dysthymia and social phobias. Nemonapride † – Used in Japan. Remoxipride # – Has a risk of causing aplastic anaemia and, hence, has been withdrawn from the market worldwide. It has also been found to possess relatively low (virtually absent) potential to induce hyperprolactinaemia and extrapyramidal symptoms, likely attributable to its comparatively weak binding to (and, hence, rapid dissociation from) the D2 receptor. Sultopride – An atypical antipsychotic of the benzamide chemical class used in Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong for the treatment of schizophrenia. It was launched by Sanofi-Aventis in 1976. Sultopride acts as a selective D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. Benzisoxazoles/benzisothiazoles Lumateperone – In December 2019, lumateperone received its first global approval in the USA for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. In 2020 and 2021 FDA approved for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) in adults, as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. Iloperidone – Approved by