of his greatest enemies, the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur. According to the chroniclers, al-Mansur once asked his courtiers who deserved the exalted title of "Falcon of the Quraysh" (Saqr Quraish'', foremost of the Quraysh). The obsequious courtiers naturally replied "You, O Commander of the Faithful!", but the Caliph denied this. Then they suggested Mu'awiya (founder of the Umayyad Caliphate), but the Caliph again denied it. Then they suggested Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (one of the greatest of the Umayyad caliphs), but again no. They asked who it was, and al-Mansur replied: See also Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula Abbasid Revolution al-Andalus Caliphate of Córdoba Abd al-Malik ibn Umar Sara al-Qutiyya Further reading Maria Rosa Menocal, The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain (2002) Andrea Pancini, L'immigrante (2016) References External links Emirs of Córdoba 731 births 788 deaths 8th-century Arabs 8th-century rulers in Europe Date of birth unknown Date of death unknown