Simula, Smalltalk, and the bloated code of commercial software. On August 31, 2006, Kay's proposal to the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) was granted, funding Viewpoints Research Institute for several years. The proposal title was "STEPS Toward the Reinvention of Programming: A compact and Practical Model of Personal Computing as a Self-exploratorium". A sense of what Kay is trying to do comes from this quote, from the abstract of a seminar at Intel Research Labs, Berkeley: "The conglomeration of commercial and most open source software consumes in the neighborhood of several hundreds of millions of lines of code these days. We wonder: how small could be an understandable practical 'Model T' design that covers this functionality? 1M lines of code? 200K LOC? 100K LOC? 20K LOC?" Awards and honors Kay has received many awards and honors, including: UdK 01-Award in Berlin, Germany for pioneering the GUI; J-D Warnier Prix D'Informatique; NEC C&C Prize (2001) Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado (2002) ACM Turing Award "For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing" (2003) Kyoto Prize; Charles Stark Draper Prize with Butler W. Lampson, Robert W. Taylor and Charles P. Thacker (2004) UPE Abacus Award, for individuals who have provided extensive support and leadership for student-related activities in the computing and information disciplines (2012) Honorary doctorates: – Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (Royal Institute of Technology) in Stockholm (2002) – Georgia Institute of Technology (2005) – Columbia College Chicago awarded Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa (2005) – Laurea Honoris Causa in Informatica, Università di Pisa, Italy (2007) – University of Waterloo (2008) – Kyoto University (2009) – Universidad de Murcia (2010) – University of Edinburgh (2017) Honorary Professor, Berlin University of the Arts Elected fellow of: – American Academy of Arts and Sciences – National Academy of Engineering for inventing the concept of portable personal computing. (1997) – Royal Society of Arts – Computer History Museum "for his fundamental contributions to personal computing and human-computer interface development." (1999) – Association for Computing Machinery "For fundamental contributions to personal computing and object-oriented programming." (2008) – Hasso Plattner Institute (2011) His other honors include the J-D Warnier Prix d'Informatique, the ACM Systems Software Award, the NEC Computers & Communication Foundation Prize, the Funai Foundation Prize, the Lewis Branscomb Technology Award, and