the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Agriculture (k.k. Ministerium für Ackerbau); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Worship and Education (k.k. Ministerium für Cultus und Unterricht); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of the Railways (k.k. Ministerium für Eisenbahn), formed in 1896; the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Finance (k.k. Ministerium für Finanzen); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Commerce (k.k. Ministerium für Handel); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Interior Affairs (k.k. Ministerium des Inneres); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Justice (k.k. Ministerium der Justiz); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Territorial Defence (k.k. Ministerium für Landesverteidigung); the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Public Works [Expenditure] (k.k. Ministerium für öffentliche Arbeiten), formed in 1908; the Imperial-Royal Ministry of Social Care (k.k. Ministerium für Soziale Fürsorge), formed in 1917; and the Imperial-Royal Ministry of People's Healthcare (k.k. Ministerium für Volksgesundheit), also formed in 1917. Local administration and governments of Cisleithania The administrative system in the Austrian Empire consisted of three levels: the central State administration, the territories (Länder), and the local communal administration. The State administration comprised all affairs having relation to rights, duties, and interests "which are common to all territories"; all other administrative tasks were left to the territories. Finally, the communes had self-government within their own sphere. Regional autonomy Each of the seventeen territories of Cisleithania had an official from the central government, informally called a territorial chief (Landeschef). He was appointed by the Emperor at the advise of the Austrian Prime Minister and had his own small administrative office. The chief played a dual role in his assigned territory - a viceroy on behalf of the Emperor and governor on behalf of the Austrian central government. He was thus under the dual supervision of the monarch and the prime minister, appointed by the former at the advise of the latter and could be dismissed in the same manner or at the Emperor's own discretion. In five crown lands - the duchies of Salzburg, Carinthia, Carniola, Upper and Lower Silesia (commonly known as Austrian SIlesia) and Bukovina the territorial chief was called a Provincial President (Landespräsident) and his administrative office was called a Provincial Government (Landesregierung). The other twelve entities within the Austrian half of the Monarchy (the Princely County of Gorizia, the Margraviate of Istria and the Free Imperial City of Trieste were combined for administrative purposes into a crown land called the Coastal Land(s) or Küstenland, the three provincial parliaments were kept separated) had an Imperial–royal Stateholder (K.k. Statthalter) with an administrative office