in heart rate. This can be seen not only in actors but also with public speaking and musicians. Stress There is a correlation between heart-rate and stress when actors' are performing in front of an audience. Actors claim that having an audience has no change in their stress level, but as soon as they come on stage their heart-rate rises quickly. A 2017 study done in an American University looking at actors' stress by measuring heart-rate showed individual heart-rates rose right before the performance began for those actors opening. There are many factors that can add to an actors' stress. For example, length of monologues, experience level, and actions done on stage including moving the set. Throughout the performance heart-rate rises the most before an actor is speaking. The stress and thus heart-rate of the actor then drops significantly at the end of a monologue, big action scene, or performance. See also Biomechanics Meisner technique Method acting Presentational and representational acting Stanislavski's system Viewpoints Lists of actors References Sources Boleslavsky, Richard. 1933 Acting: the First Six Lessons. New York: Theatre Arts, 1987. . Benedetti, Jean. 1999. Stanislavski: His Life and Art. Revised edition. Original edition published in 1988. London: Methuen. . Brustein, Robert. 2005. Letters to a Young Actor New York: Basic Books. . Csapo, Eric, and William J. Slater. 1994. The Context of Ancient Drama. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. . Elam, Keir. 1980. The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. . Hagen, Uta and Haskel Frankel. 1973. Respect for Acting. New York: Macmillan. . Halliwell, Stephen, ed. and trans. 1995. Aristotle Poetics. Loeb Classical Library ser. Aristotle vol. 23. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. . Hodge, Alison, ed. 2000. Twentieth Century Actor Training. London and New York: Routledge. . Magarshack, David. 1950. Stanislavsky: A Life. London and Boston: Faber, 1986. . Meisner, Sanford, and Dennis Longwell. 1987. Sanford Meisner on Acting. New York: Vintage. . Pavis, Patrice. 1998. Dictionary of the Theatre: Terms, Concepts, and Analysis. Trans. Christine Shantz. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. . Stanislavski, Konstantin. 1938. An Actor's Work: A Student's Diary. Trans. and ed. Jean Benedetti. London and New York: Routledge, 2008. . Stanislavski, Konstantin. 1957. An Actor's Work on a Role. Trans. and ed. Jean Benedetti. London and New York: Routledge, 2010. . Wickham, Glynne. 1959. Early English Stages: 1300—1660. Vol. 1. London: Routledge.