force; they preferred death over defeat. These characteristics were possibly unusual at the time. Legends After the death of El Cid, Christian chronicles reported a legend of a Turkish woman leading a band of 300 "Amazons", black female archers. This legend was possibly inspired by the ominous veils on the faces of the warriors and their dark skin colored blue by the indigo of their robes. Dynasty Rulers Sanhaja tribal leaders recognizing the spiritual authority of Abdallah ibn Yasin (d. 1058 or 1059): Yahya Ibn Ibrahim al-Jaddali (also referred to as al-Jawhar ibn Sakkum) Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni (d. 1055 or 1056) Abu Bakr ibn Umar (d. 1087) Subsequent rulers: Yusuf ibn Tashfin (1061–1106, initially as Abu Bakr's lieutenant in the north) Ibrahim ibn Abu Bakr (ruler of Sijilmasa, 1070–1075) Ali ibn Yusuf (1106–1143) Tashfin ibn Ali (1143–1145) Ibrahim ibn Tashfin (1145, dethroned quickly) Ishaq ibn Ali (1145–1147) Family tree Timeline Notes References Citations Bibliography Brett, M. and E. Fentress (1996), The Berbers. Oxford: Blackwell. Hrbek, I. and J. Devisse (1988), "The Almoravids", in M. Elfasi, ed., General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, UNESCO. 1992 edition, Ch. 13, pp. 336–66. Levtzion, N. and J. F. P. Hopkins, eds (1981), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2000 edition. Moraes Farias, P. F. de (1967), "The Almoravids: Some Questions Concerning the Character of the Movement", Bulletin de l’IFAN, series B, 29:3–4, pp. 794–878. 11th century in Al-Andalus 12th century in Al-Andalus Medieval Algeria History of Mauritania History of Western Sahara 11th-century establishments in Africa 1147 disestablishments 12th-century disestablishments in Morocco States and territories established in 1040 States and territories disestablished in 1147 Historical transcontinental empires Former empires in Africa