Caution is warranted in interpreting the results of experiments using ATP analogs, since some enzymes can hydrolyze them at appreciable rates at high concentration. Medical use ATP is used intravenously for some heart related conditions. History ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann and Jendrassik and, independently, by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subba Rao of Harvard Medical School, both teams competing against each other to find an assay for phosphorus. It was proposed to be the intermediary between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first synthesized in the laboratory by Alexander Todd in 1948, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957 partly for this work. The 1978 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Dr. Peter Dennis Mitchell for the discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was divided, one half jointly to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" and the other half to Jens C. Skou "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase." See also Adenosine-tetraphosphatase Adenosine methylene triphosphate ATPases ATP test Creatine Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Nucleotide exchange factor Phosphagen References External links ATP bound to proteins in the PDB ScienceAid: Energy ATP and Exercise PubChem entry for Adenosine Triphosphate KEGG entry for Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine receptor agonists Cellular respiration Coenzymes Ergogenic aids Exercise physiology Neurotransmitters Nucleotides Phosphate esters Purinergic signalling Purines Substances discovered in the 1920s