(187 – 109 BCE) Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BCE) Philo of Larissa (160 – 80 BCE) Posidonius (135 – 51 BCE) Antiochus of Ascalon (130 – 68 BCE) Aenesidemus (1st century BCE) Agrippa (1st century CE) Hellenistic schools of thought Academic skepticism Cynicism Cyrenaicism Eclecticism Epicureanism Middle Platonism Neo-Platonism Neopythagoreanism Peripatetic School Pyrrhonism Stoicism Sophism Early Roman and Christian philosophy See also: Christian philosophy Neoplatonism in Christianity School of the Sextii Philosophers during Roman times Cicero (106 – 43 BCE) Lucretius (94 – 55 BCE) Seneca (4 BCE – 65 CE) Musonius Rufus (30 – 100 CE) Plutarch (45 – 120 CE) Epictetus (55 – 135 CE) Favorinus ( – ) Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 CE) Clement of Alexandria (150 – 215 CE) Alcinous (philosopher) (2nd century CE) Sextus Empiricus (3rd century CE) Alexander of Aphrodisias (3rd century CE) Ammonius Saccas (3rd century CE) Plotinus (205 – 270 CE) Porphyry (232 – 304 CE) Iamblichus (242 – 327 CE) Themistius (317 – 388 CE) Ambrose (340 – 397 CE) Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430 CE) Proclus (411 – 485 CE) Damascius (462 – 540 CE) Boethius (472 – 524 CE) Simplicius of Cilicia (490 – 560 CE) John Philoponus (490 – 570 CE) Ancient Iranian philosophy See also: Dualism, Dualism (philosophy of mind) While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view of man's role in the universe. The first charter of human rights by Cyrus the Great as understood in the Cyrus cylinder is often seen as a reflection of the questions and thoughts expressed by Zarathustra and developed in Zoroastrian schools of thought of the Achaemenid Era of Iranian history. Schools of thought Ideas and tenets of Zoroastrian schools of Early Persian philosophy are part of many works written in Middle Persian and of the extant scriptures of the zoroastrian religion in Avestan language. Among these are treatises such as the Shikand-gumanic Vichar by Mardan-Farrux Ohrmazddadan, selections of Denkard, Wizidagīhā-ī Zātspram ("Selections of Zātspram") as well as older passages of the book Avesta, the Gathas which are attributed to Zarathustra himself and regarded as his "direct teachings". Zoroastrianism Zarathustra Jamasp Ostanes Mardan-Farrux Ohrmazddadan Adurfarnbag Farroxzadan Adurbad Emedan Avesta Gathas Anacharsis Pre-Manichaean thought Bardesanes