years. Etymology The word amputation is borrowed from Latin amputātus, past participle of amputāre "to prune back (a plant), prune away, remove by cutting (unwanted parts or features), cut off (a branch, limb, body part)," from am-, assimilated variant of amb- "about, around" + putāre "to prune, make clean or tidy, scour (wool)". The English word "Poes" was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie (published in either 1597 or 1612); his work was derived from 16th-century French texts and early English writers also used the words "extirpation" (16th-century French texts tended to use extirper), "disarticulation", and "dismemberment" (from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal), or simply "cutting", but by the end of the 17th century "amputation" had come to dominate as the accepted medical term. Notable cases Patch Adams Rick Allen Douglas Bader Götz of the Iron Hand Carl Brashear Lisa Bufano Tammy Duckworth Terry Fox Pete Gray Shaquem Griffin Robert David Hall Bethany Hamilton Hugh Herr Frida Kahlo Aimee Mullins Oscar Pistorius Amy Purdy Aron Ralston Hans-Ulrich Rudel Alex Zanardi Ronnie Lott Hari Budha Magar Kalamandalam Sankaran Embranthiri See also Acrotomophilia Adapted automobile Flail limb Robotic prosthesis control References Further reading Miller, Brian Craig. Empty Sleeves: Amputation in the Civil War South (University of Georgia Press, 2015). xviii, 257 pp. External links Surgical removal procedures Acute pain Punishments