and the Republicans' political aspirations. The Radicals denounced his policy as too lenient, and passed their own plan, the 1864 Wade–Davis Bill, which Lincoln vetoed. The Radicals retaliated by refusing to seat elected representatives from Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Lincoln's appointments were designed to harness both moderates and Radicals. To fill Chief Justice Taney's seat on the Supreme Court, he named the Radicals' choice, Salmon P. Chase, who Lincoln believed would uphold his emancipation and paper money policies. After implementing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln increased pressure on Congress to outlaw slavery throughout the nation with a constitutional amendment. He declared that such an amendment would "clinch the whole matter" and by December 1863 an amendment was brought to Congress. This first attempt fell short of the required two-thirds majority in the House of Representatives. Passage became part of Lincoln's reelection platform, and after his successful reelection, the second attempt in the House passed on January 31, 1865. With ratification, it became the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on December 6, 1865. Lincoln believed the federal government had limited responsibility to the millions of freedmen. He signed Senator Charles Sumner's Freedmen's Bureau bill that set up a temporary federal agency designed to meet the immediate needs of former slaves. The law opened land for a lease of three years with the ability to purchase title for the freedmen. Lincoln announced a Reconstruction plan that involved short-term military control, pending readmission under the control of southern Unionists. Historians agree that it is impossible to predict exactly how Reconstruction would have proceeded had Lincoln lived. Biographers James G. Randall and Richard Current, according to David Lincove, argue that: Eric Foner argues that: Native Americans Lincoln's experience with Native Americans started early with their killing of his grandfather in front of the family. Later he served as a Captain in the state militia during the Black Hawk War seeing no combat. During his presidency, his policy toward Indians was based on politics. He used appointments to the Indian Bureau as a reward to supporters from Minnesota and Wisconsin. While in office his administration faced difficulties guarding Western settlers, railroads, and telegraphs, from Indian attacks. On August 17, 1862, the Sioux or Dakota uprising broke out in Minnesota. Hundreds of settlers were killed, 30,000 were displaced from their homes, and Washington was deeply alarmed. Some feared incorrectly that it might represent a Confederate
{
        'QUESTION: What happened when President Lincoln tried to pass his policy?': 'ANSWER: When President Lincoln tried to pass his policy, the Radicals denounced it as too lenient and passed their own plan, the 1864 Wade–Davis Bill, which Lincoln vetoed.',
        'QUESTION: Why did the Radicals refuse to seat elected representatives from certain states?': 'ANSWER: The Radicals refused to seat elected representatives from Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee because they wanted to push through their own agenda and oppose Lincoln\'s more moderate approach.',
        'QUESTION: Who did President Lincoln choose to replace Chief Justice Taney?': 'ANSWER: President Lincoln chose Salmon P. Chase to replace Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.',
        'QUESTION: How did the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation affect efforts to end slavery in the U.S.?': 'ANSWER: The passage of the Emancipation Proclamation put pressure on Congress to outlaw slavery throughout the nation with a constitutional amendment, eventually leading to the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.',
        'QUESTION: What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play in helping former slaves?': 'ANSWER: The Freedmen's Bureau helped former slaves by setting up a temporary federal agency designed to meet their immediate needs, opening land for them to lease and potentially buy titles.',
        'QUESTION: What was President Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?': 'ANSWER: President Lincoln's Reconstruction plan involved short-term military control, followed by readmission under the control of southern Unionists.',
        'QUESTION: How did President Lincoln handle relations with Native Americans?': 'ANSWER: President Lincoln handled relations with Native Americans primarily through politics, using appointments to the Indian Bureau as rewards for supporters from Minnesota and Wisconsin.',
        'QUESTION: What event led to hundreds of settlers being killed and thousands displaced from their homes during Lincoln's presidency?': 'ANSWER: The event that led to hundreds of settlers being killed and thousands displaced from their homes during Lincoln's presidency was the Sioux or Dakota uprising in Minnesota.',
        'QUESTION: Did President Lincoln face challenges related to protecting western settlers, railroads, and telegraphs from Indian attacks?': 'ANSWER: Yes, President Lincoln faced challenges related to protecting western settlers, railroads, and telegraphs from Indian attacks during his time in office.',
        'QUESTION: What was the significance of the Sioux or Dakota uprising in relation to the Civil War?': 'ANSWER: The Sioux or Dakota uprising was significant because it raised concerns that it might be connected to the Confederacy, causing alarm in Washington.'
    }