in western Ecuador such as jaguar (Panthera onca), mantled howler (Alouatta palliata), white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons aequatorialis) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). The Bilsa center has recorded bats typical of pristine forests including hairy little fruit bat (Rhinophylla alethina) and striped hairy-nosed bat (Mimon crenulatum), as well as small mammals such as northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis) and brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Other mammals include the endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), coati (genus Nasua) and otter. Mammals photographed in the reserve's buffer zone by automatic cameras and published in 2016 included lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), brown four-eyed opossum (Metachirus nudicaudatus), Tome's spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), margay (Leopardus wiedii), jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi), tayra (Eira barbara), northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica), lcrab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus), red-tailed squirrel (Sciurus granatensis) and collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Birds The reserve is home to globally threatened species of birds, and species endemic to the Chocó such as Neomorphus radiolosus and Cephalopterus penduliger. Endemic species include grey-backed hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis). The reserve holds isolated populations of species typical of the Andes. Resident Important Bird Area trigger species include Banded ground cuckoo (Neomorphus radiolosus), Black-tipped cotinga (Carpodectes hopkei), Blue-whiskered tanager (Tangara johannae), Brown wood rail (Aramides wolfi), Chocó poorwill (Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi), Choco toucan (Ramphastos brevis), Chocó woodpecker (Veniliornis chocoensis), Dusky pigeon (Patagioenas goodsoni), Grey-backed hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis), Guayaquil woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis), Long-wattled umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger), Ochraceous attila (Attila torridus), Orange-fronted barbet (Capito squamatus), Pacific flatbill (Rhynchocyclus pacificus), Pallid dove (Leptotila pallida), Plumbeous forest falcon (Micrastur plumbeus), Plumbeous hawk (Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea), Red-masked parakeet (Psittacara erythrogenys), Rose-faced parrot (Pyrilia pulchra), Rufous-headed chachalaca (Ortalis erythroptera), Stub-tailed antbird (Sipia berlepschi) and White-whiskered hermit (Phaethornis yaruqui). Reptiles and amphibians There are 38 species of reptiles in 28 genera and 16 families, including 9 species of iguanas. Reptiles include boa constrictor, various false coral species, spectacled caiman, common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) and iguanas. Amphibians are represented by 54 species in 19 genera and 9 families, of which the family Leptodactylidae has 19 species and the family Hylidae has 11 species. Pristimantis latidiscus is vulnerable and Craugastor longirostris is near threatened. Least concern species include gliding tree frog (Agalychnis spurrelli), cane toad (Rhinella marina), Cachabi robber frog (Pristimantis achatinus) and marbled poison frog (Epipedobates