that they would be granted 1.5 hectares of land rather than the expected 2.5 and that they should establish their settlement in Tongar, sometimes referred to as Tongass in West Sumatra rather than Lampung. Tongar was praised as ‘model village’ by Indonesian authorities, but this outlook was not shared by many immigrants who doubted the stability of the new Indonesian state after the Permesta rebellion. Many left Tongar to the village of Duri in Riau province to work for Caltex, Padang with "Portland Cement" and to Jakarta for general economic prosperity. The village also grew with the further settlement of Javanese transmigrants. Despite its setbacks, the ‘Surinamese village' was declared to be the most developed West Sumatran village in 1988. Hardjo died in Tongar in July 1993. References 1910 births 1993 deaths People from Malang Surinamese people of Javanese descent Indonesian emigrants to Suriname Surinamese politicians Surinamese Muslims