The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary () is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church located in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is one of numerous churches across Brazil constructed by the Afro-Brazilian brotherhood associated with Our Lady of the Rosary (Nossa Senhora do Rosário). The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary in Vila Velha was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1950. History Construction of Our Lady of the Rosary began in 1765 and was completed in two years using slave labor. The Bishopric of Bahia granted the Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary permission to build a church, and the land was donated by captain Felipe Gonçalves dos Santos on Pernambuco, a small hill. The Casa de Leilão, an auction house, was constructed next to the church to fund the manumission of slaves; while abandoned, it remains on the property. The church has been enlarged at least three times and was restored between 1969 and 1970. Much of the early colonial-style architecture of Vitória was demolished during urban renewal in the 19th and 20th century; Our Lady of the Rosary is a remaining example of Baroque architecture in the city. The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary no longer conducts religious services; it is primarily open for visitation and for the celebration of the Festival of St. Benedict in December. The situation has created an impasse between the board of directors of the church, the local community, and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitória. Renovations The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary was first renovated by IPHAN (then SPHAN ) in 1950. The tile roof was replaced by a reinforced concrete roof in 1980; the walls, paintings, and wooden choir structures were repaired in 2015. Structure The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary is built in the Baroque style common to the period. The façade of the church and cemetery wall date to the 17th century; the bell tower, chancel, and sacristy date to the 19th century. The exterior of the bell tower resembles those of the Church of the Magi (Igreja dos Reis Magos) and the Church of Our Lady of Help (Igreja Nossa Senhora da Ajuda), both Jesuit churches. The portal and three windows of the church have curved lintels. The church and its broad steps once opened to the waterfront