and Lángyá shān 琅琊山 "Mount Langya (Anhui)") while gān 玕 is a bound morpheme that only occurs in the compound lánggān and does not have independent meaning. The origin of Giles' lang translation "a kind of white carnelian" is unknown, unless it derives from Williams' "a whitish stone". It was copied in Mathews' and various other Chinese dictionaries up to the online standard Unihan Database "a variety of white carnelian; pure". "White carnelian" is a marketing name for "white or whitish chalcedony of faint carnelian color". Carnelian is usually reddish-brown while common chalcedony colors are white, grey, brown, and blue. References Footnotes''' External links Taiwei lingshu ziwen langgan huadan shenzhen shangjing 太微靈書紫文琅玕華丹神真上經, 1445 Ming Dynasty edition Zhengtong daozang'' 正統道藏 Alchemical substances Chinese alchemy Chinese mythology Gemstones