Irish White and Solid is the presence of a SINE insertion (Short Interspersed Element) in the S locus genes that changes the normal DNA production. The result is Piebald and Extreme Piebald. The only difference between the two recognized forms of Piebald is the length of the Lp. Because of this variability, a dog's Phenotype will not always match their Genotype. The Beagle for example is fixed for spsp Piebald, yet there are Beagles with very little white on them, or Beagles that are mostly white. What makes them Piebald is the SINE Insertion, but the Lp length is what changes how their patterns are expressed. White spotting can cause blue eyes, microphthalmia, blindness and deafness; however, because pigmentation is generally retained around the eye/ear area, this is rare except in SINE White dogs (Piebald) which can sometimes lose pigment in those areas during fetal development. Some breeds like the Boston Terrier, Australian Shepherd, and Rough Collie have a naturally longer Lp and are considered "Fixed for White". This means even if they are genetically SS for Solid Color, they will still show White Spotting. It is thought that the spotting that occurs in Dalmatians is the result of the interaction of three loci (the S locus, the T locus and F locus) giving them a unique spotting pattern not found in any other breed. Albinism C (colored) locus People have postulated several alleles at the C locus and suggested some/all determine the degree to which an animal expresses phaeomelanin, a red-brown protein related to the production of melanin, in its coat and skin. Five alleles have been theorised to occur at the C locus: C = Full color (animal expresses phaeomelanin) cch = Chinchilla (partial inhibition of phaeomelanin resulting in decreased red pigment) ce = Extreme dilution (inhibition of phaeomelanin resulting in extremely reduced red pigment) cb, cp = Blue-eyed albino/Platinum (almost total inhibition of phaeomelanin resulting in near albino appearance) ca = Albino (complete inhibition of phaeomelanin production, resulting in complete inhibition of melanin production) However, based on a 2014 publication about albinism in the Doberman Pinscher and later in other small breeds, the discovery was made that multiple alleles in the C locus are highly unlikely, and that all dogs are homozygous for Normal Color production, excluding dogs who carry albinism. Theoretical genes for color and pattern There are additional theoretical loci thought to be associated with