ḳulṭur-ḳongres, 1956-1981. Volume 8, pp. 489–490 Rejzen, Zalmen. Leksikon fun der Yidisher literatur, prese un filologye. Vilnius: B. Kletzkin. v. 4, pp. 386–387. Yiddish-language journalists Yiddish-language playwrights 1944 deaths 19th-century Polish Jews Polish emigrants to the United States People from Ciechanów Year of birth uncertain