was cancelled, since two great rabbis, Abtalion and Shemaiah, were known to have been executed some years earlier on the same day. Further reading Graetz, Heinrich (1893; 1888). Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart ("History of the Jews from the earliest times to the present"). 3d ed., iv. 413; 4th ed., iii. 837, Leipzig References Jews and Judaism in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire Hellenistic Jews Israel in the Roman era 2nd-century executions Jewish martyrs People executed by the Roman Empire Wrongful executions Blood libel Lydia Brother duos