workers. Eugene Hénaff, the secretary general of the CGT Metallurgy, was booed at Boulogne-Billancourt. On 8 May, the government provides 3-franc increase. On 9 May, two thirds of the CGT voted to return to work, but some remained on strike and paralysed the factory. The strike ceased on May 15, after the government had granted a bonus of 1600 francs and a 900-franc for all employees. End of tripartisme and extension of social movement The strikes spread. With an inflation rate of over 60% and rationing still in force, the black market remained important, and living conditions were difficult, particularly since France struggled to meet its energy needs. On 5 May 1947, the Communist ministers were excluded from government by Paul Ramadier. From that moment, the PCF and CGT supported the social movement, which extended to Citroën, SNCF, banks, department stores, EDF, and Peugeot, Berliet, Michelin etc. The main reasons for the strikes were demands for higher wages, but the broader context was the formalisation of the Cold War. In June, a wave of insurrectionist strikes protested the Marshall Plan. November strikes On 10 November 1947, after the Gaullist victory of the Rally of the French People in the municipal election in October, a vast movement of insurrectional strikes shook the country for several months. It started in Mareilles against tram face increases. Four strikers were charged after the demonstrations. To free them, 4,000 demonstrators entered the courthouse and then went to City Hall. They insulted and defenestrated the Gaullist lawyer Michel Carlini, who had become alderman by defeating by one vote the communist Jean Cristofol. The protesters then attacked at night the shady bars near the Opéra. The young communist worker Vincent Voulant was killed by the mafia clan Guerini. At his funeral, on November 14, three fourths of the employees in Marseilles were on strike. The strike spread to miners; on 17 November, 10,000 of them stopped work to protest the dismissal of Leon Delfosse, the communist president of the miners in the Nord coalfield. The next day, more than 80,000 were on strike. On 19 November, the strike resumed at Renault and Citroën and then spread to the National Education, the construction trade, steelworkers, dockworkers and all public services. In the Seine department, teachers went on strike for two weeks although the National Union of Teachers (SNI) refused to support the movement. On 29 November, 30,000 striking