meter capacities. At least one ship builder claims a 200,000 cubic meter neopanamax LNG vessel is possible https://www.gastechevent.com/sites/default/files/D2_T2_Johan%20Petter-Tutturen-Odin%20Kwon_DSME.pdf Boil-off gas The natural gas that fuels dual fuel engines is carried on ships as a boiling liquid and transported at slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. When tank insulation is penetrated by an influx of heat, it causes the temperature of the liquefied natural gas to rise which allows for vaporization from liquid to gas. When heat penetrates the tank, the tank's pressure increases due to the boil-off. The insulation of the tanks is designed with the most advanced technology. Even still, the insulation of the tanks is penetrated by heat. The boil-off occurs during the ships voyage. During a storm, the LNG cargo moves and sloshes around in the tanks. The boil-off gas represents 0.1% - 0.25% of the ships capacity per day. Tanks need to be maintained at a steady pressure. If the pressure in tanks gets too high, relief and safety valves open, venting the boil-off into the atmosphere until the excess pressure is relieved. Due to the fact that on-board LNG re-liquefaction is uneconomical for most ships, the gas produced by the boil-off gets routed to the ship's propulsion system and used as fuel for power plants such as steam boilers and dual fuel marine diesel engines. This reduces the use of bunker fuel, therefore reducing fuel and equipment maintenance costs. Technology Samsung's Supreme was a Mark-III type LNG container ship that was the largest of its kind. The Supreme had the newest technology seen in LNG ships. She features tanks completely surrounded by double bottom hull, and a cofferdam between tanks. Each tank stores its cargo at -163 degrees Celsius. This is a standard storage temperature for LNG This is accomplished by 250 mm of insulation, and a 1.2 mm thick stainless steel membrane. Each cargo tank has submerged centrifugal pumps to unload cargo rapidly. This is the standard unloading method for LNG tanks. The maximum drought for LNG ships is typically 12 meters. This is due to harbor facilities sizes and restrictions. The most common size of LNG vessels ranges between 120,000 and 180,000 cubic meters because of ship dimensions. (Propulsion Trends in LNG Carriers Two-stroke Engines, 2017). The two common types of LNG carriers are Moss and Membrane. Moss type carriers feature spherical tanks to hold LNG, while Membrane style carriers feature more traditional rectangular