mining, railway and textile workers demonstrated in Saint-Étienne. Armed with iron bars, they faced the CRS, which had been newly created by the socialist Interior Minister Jules Moch (SFIO), who also appealed to the army and the 11th Parachute Shock Regiment Shock, the armed wing of the SDECEE, to break the strikes. The creation of the riot police was to ensure the loyalty of police "relocating" the maintenance of order (it used police from across the country, not just in the locations concerned, to quell the riots). In the north, the military nevertheless ensured that it would intervene only in case of violence and tolerate the miners if they had only stopped working. In Saint-Étienne, protesters took advantage by riding on three military vehicles, which were armed with machine guns. The officers refused to fire on the protestors, who got hold of weapons from soldiers (they discreetly returned them afterwards) and forced the police to evacuate the station; 100 people were injured. Among the miners, there were 100 sackings, 1000 suspensions and 500 forced displacements of gueules noires (miners) from one mine to another. During December debates, the legislation and the union were split. On the night of 2 to 3 December 1947, activists of the Federation of Pas-de-Calais CGT sabotaged the Paris-Tourcoing rail link by unbolting two rails. That caused a train derailment near Arras at 3 o'clock in the morning, which left 16 people dead and 50 wounded. The general secretary of the PCF, Maurice Thorez, was concerned about the radicalisation of the movement, as shown in the reports of SDECEE. Saboteur activists believed that the train was carrying CRS to support non-strikers from Arras who were supported by the Gaullist militants. The government was secretly negotiating with the PCF by exchanging immunity of four activists to the party supporting the resumption of work. On 30 June 1953, the Supreme Court delivered a leading case and considered that the train was still responsible because it had, given the social climate, expected that kind of acts. In March 1954, the case rebounded when the former deputy René Camphin, formerly "Colonel Baudouin" of the FTP and former leader of the Federation of Pas-de-Calais in 1947, was found dead in Paris. Refusing to criticise to the central committee his superior, Auguste Lecoeur, the former deputy secretary of state who was responsible for the sabotage, he had committed suicide. Discussions in December