take, and in the end voted in denying the motion withdrawing the appeal. Borrowing the words of the penned Supreme Court decision: The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution served as the main point of reference in this case; the following facts however, should be noted: The 1943 Constitution was already in place at the time this case was penned in 1947 Krivenko bought the property in December 1941 The dispute about the registration and the denial of such by the register of deeds occurred in May 1945. Section 1, Article XIII of the 1935 Constitution was reproduced verbatim in Section 1, Article VIII of the 1943 Constitution Dissecting Section 1 of Article XIII (1935 Constitution) The discussion delved into the definition of the term, “public agricultural lands.” The court made reference to Section 1, Article XIIIof the 1935 Constitution as the springboard for its discussion. The provision refers to the lands of the public domain as falling under three distinct categories: Agricultural, Timber and Mineral lands. It should be clear that lands of the public domain are by the State first and foremost, but its utilization is limited to Filipino citizens only, or to corporations whose 60% capital stock are owned by Filipinos. It is clear from these phrases that the bent towards excluding foreigners is already evident. Applying statutory construction, it would be appropriate to apply the Doctrine of Necessary Implication. This doctrine is explained in the book of Agpalo: It thus is clear that public agricultural land is not within the contemplation of inalienable natural resources. Public agricultural land is thus alienable. The term 'alienable', taking root from 'alienation', is described under Act 2874 of 1919 to mean “…any of the methods authorized by this Act for the acquisition, lease, use or benefit of the lands of the public domain other than timber or mineral lands.” Act 2874 is likewise a relevant piece of legislation in this discussion, because it compiled the laws relative to the lands of the public domain. Under this act, Agricultural Land is also synonymous to: Alienable or disposable. Definition of Public Agricultural Lands What then are the categories of land falling under “Public Agricultural Land” – those lands which are exclusively alienable and disposable? The Supreme Court made reference to various laws and cases, such as the 1908 case of Mapa vs. Insular Government (10 Phil., 175, 182), the Public Land Act (No. 926), Commonwealth