"For major contributions to understanding the genetics of schizophrenia and depression, and for developing reliable methods for studying cerebral blood flow which paved the way for PET imaging of brain activity" 1991 Sanford L. Palay - "For pioneering the study of the nervous system on the ultrastructural level, for revolutionizing understanding, and especially for his seminal contribution - characterization of the chemical synapse in the central nervous system" 1990 Viktor Hamburger - "For pioneering the study of neuroembryology, and especially the landmark contributions to understanding neural cell death, nerve growth factor, and the developmental program for motor behavior" 1989 Bela Julesz - "For his illuminating discoveries concerning the human visual capacity, particularly for stereoscopic vision, depth perception, and pattern recognition" 1989 Gian Franco Poggio - "For discoveries of visual cortical mechanisms in stereopsis and depth perception which have significantly influenced modern studies of the brain mechanisms in vision" 1988 Seymour Benzer - "A pioneer in using genetic techniques to study the genetic code and the transfer of information from DNA to proteins. By a brilliant selection of suitable experimental systems, he has succeeded over the last twenty years in advancing these techniques and applying them to the analysis of development and behavior. These contributions have greatly expanded the power of the genetic approach in neurobiology and fostered a merger between molecular biology and neurobiology that is having profound consequences on every aspect of the field" 1987 Louis Sokoloff - "For his elucidation of the physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of the brain and the application of these discoveries to the measurement of functional activity within that organ" 1986 Pasko Rakic - "For his seminal contributions to the field of developmental neurobiology through research on the development of the central nervous system" 1985 David Bodian - "In recognition of his fundamental neurobiological studies studies that laid the foundation for the successful development of a vaccine against poliomyelitis. He has continued to make important discoveries in the development and structure of the nervous system" 1984 W. Maxwell Cowan - "For his long record of important contributions to understanding the embryological development of the brain" 1983 Edward V. Evarts 1982 Herbert H. Jasper 1981 Eric R. Kandel 1980 Curt P. Richter 1979 Brenda Milner 1978 Victor Percy Whittaker 1977 Torsten Nils Wiesel and David Hunter Hubel 1976 Roger Wolcott Sperry 1975 Paul Weiss 1974 Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle 1973 Janos Szentagothai