modes of oligomerization in them. He found a molten globule monomeric intermediate during the folding of peanut agglutinin that retained its carbohydrate binding ability - establishing 'wet' molten globule as an "on pathway" folding intermediate and characterized other early intermediates. His studies showed that the monomers of legume lectins have the necessary structural features for carbohydrate recognition and that oligomerization imparts them with topology necessary for their biologic activities such as agglutination, mitogenesis, etc. He elucidated the molecular features of substrate recognition by endoplasmic reticulum chaperones calreticulin and calnexin. He discovered the unusual quaternary structure of peanut agglutinin and a novel lectin fold in Jacalin as well as the structural basis of inactivation of ribosomes by gelonin. He enunciated that solvent reorganization in protein-ligand interactions modulates their specificities. He showed the existence of co-operativity in lectin-multimeric sugar interactions. Surolia explained the enigmatic endotoxin neutralizing activity of polymyxin B to its specific ability to remove endotoxin from its assembly and attributed it to its unique amphiphilicity. He popularized Protein A as a tool in immunology. He discovered the broad substrate specificity of a key enzyme of biotin biosynthesis from M. tuberculosis and reported novel inhibitors for it. He has demonstrated the potential of common dietary components - curcumin and green tea catechins as anti-cancer and antimalarial agents. He has developed a rhodanine, BCFMT, as a potential therapeutic for cancer. Surolia co-discovered the existence of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in Plasmodium and demonstrated its remarkable distinction from that of its human host. He co-identified triclosan, a widely used biocide, to compromise the growth of the parasite by inhibiting its enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI). Recently, Surolia and colleagues have identified pranlukast (a US Food and Drug Administration approved drug for asthma) as novel inhibitor of Mtb ArgJ, an enzyme of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, essential for pathogenicity and survival in host cells. Pranlukast demonstrated remarkable efficiency in pre‐clinical models of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. These apart, Surolia has also ventured into the field of chronic disease biology where he has developed a novel form of insulin, Supramolecular Insulin Assembly-II (SIA-II), for long-lasting treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. In addition to protein–sugar interactions his research is also focused on neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative disorders and the link between immunity and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Curcumin and its designed analogs are being developed as experimental therapeutics for these diseases and cancer. His findings have been commercially exploited by a