mostly academic. Individual lyceums will cover the core subjects and specialise in specific fields of study; this may be the humanities, science, or art. The principal focus is to prepare students for university and higher education. Types of liceo include: Liceo classico (classics) (1859) – dedicated to humanities, with Latin, Ancient Greek, Italian, history and philosophy as the principal subjects. Liceo scientifico (scientific lyceum) (since 1911) – dedicated to scientific studies, shares a part of its program with liceo classico in teaching Italian, Latin, history and philosophy, but is more oriented towards mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, earth science and computer science. Liceo scientifico applicato (Applied Sciences) - an offshoot of the Liceo scientifico, it replaces the Latin requirement with computer programming and more natural science classes. Liceo linguistico (MFL) (since 1973) – puts emphasis on modern foreign languages learning; the languages usually taught are English, French, Spanish and German – although recently Russian, Arabic and in particular Chinese have been introduced as well. As in liceo classico, also mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, history and philosophy are taught. Liceo delle scienze umane (human sciences). This became classed as a lyceum in 1998. Previously this had been called – scuola normale, (normal school)(1859 - 1923), then – istituto magistrale, (magistral institute)(1923 - 1998) – here the emphasis is more on relational, behavioural and educational, such as pedagogy, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and social research. It replaces the previous normal school which once trained primary school teachers. Liceo artistico (artistic lyceum) (since 1923) – which is oriented toward arts teaching – both in a theoretical (i.e. art history) and practical (i.e. drawing sessions) way. Its subjects are painting, sculpture, decoration, graphics, design, audiovisual, multimedia, scenography and architecture. Liceo musicale e coreutico (music and dance lyceum) (since 2010) – often linked with a conservatory, which comprises two sectors: musicale – which specializes in music and teaches students to play an instrument. coreutico – which specializes in dance and choreography. Historically: Liceo moderno (modern languages) (1911–1923) – dedicated to foreign languages, featuring Latin, Italian, French, one other foreign language (English or German), History and Geography. Istituto tecnico The education given in an istituto tecnico (technical) offers both a wide theoretical education and a highly qualified technical specialization in a specific field of studies (e.g.: economy, humanities, administration, law, accountancy, tourism, information technology), often integrated with a three-six months internship in a company, association or