Chemical elements may be named from various sources: sometimes based on the person who discovered it, or the place it was discovered. Some have Latin or Greek roots deriving from something related to the element, for example some use to which it may have been put. Known elements All 118 discovered elements are confirmed and have a formal name and symbol, as decided by IUPAC. The last four names and symbols were added on November 28, 2016. Incidentally, at this moment there are no unconfirmed discoveries and all seven periods (rows) of the periodic table are completed. Etymology Element names can refer to: a mythological concept or character (including an astronomical object), a mineral or similar substance, a place, or geographical region, a property of the element, or a scientist. People Chemical elements are sometimes named after people, especially the synthetic elements discovered (created) after . Very few are named after their discoverers, and only two have been named after living people: the element seaborgium was named after Glenn Seaborg, who was alive at the time of naming in 1997; and in 2016 oganesson was named after Yuri Oganessian (still living ). Many of the transuranic elements are named after recipients of the Nobel Prize: Other transuranic elements are named after scientists who did not receive the prize: The transuranic element flerovium was named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, which in turn was named after Georgy Flyorov. The IUPAC stated that the element was named after the laboratory, not Flyorov, but Yuri Oganessian, who led the team at the laboratory that discovered the element, said that the intention of the naming was to honour Flyorov. The element samarium is named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets, and gadolinium is indirectly named (via the mineral gadolinite) after Johan Gadolin. Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named the element gallium after his native land of France (from Latin Gallia meaning Gaul) denied that the element's naming was for a pun on his own name ("le coq" means "the rooster" in French, as does "gallus" in Latin). Places on earth Some chemical elements are named after places on the planet earth. Elements which are named after currently existing countries and cities are as: Polonium, named after Poland Francium and gallium, both named after France Nihonium, named after Japan Germanium was named for Germany Beryllium was named after the mineral beryl, whose name may have come from