The Karl Spencer Lashley Award is awarded by The American Philosophical Society as a recognition of research on the integrative neuroscience of behavior. The award was established in 1957 by a gift from Dr. Karl Spencer Lashley. Recipients 2022 Nicholas Spitzer 2021 Patricia K. Kuhl «in recognition of her fundamental discoveries concerning how human infants acquire language, and how brain structure and activity changes during language learning in both monolingual and bilingual children» 2020 Winrich Freiwald and Doris Tsao - "In recognition of their ground-breaking discoveries of primate cortical areas that selectively encode visual information about faces, the computational principles underlying face encoding in these areas, and the implications of these discoveries for social cognition." 2019 Wolfram Schultz 2018 Catherine Dulac - "In recognition of her incisive studies of the molecular and circuit basis of instinctive behaviors mediated through olfactory systems in the mammalian brain" 2017 Michael Shadlen - "In recognition of his pioneering experimental and theoretical studies of decision-making, identifying neural mechanisms that accumulate and convert sensory information toward behavioral choices" 2016 Charles G. Gross - "In recognition of his pioneering studies of the neurophysiology of higher visual functions and the neural basis of face recognition and object perception" 2015 David W. Tank - "In recognition of his pioneering application of intracellular recording and two-photon microscopy in awake animals, which has revealed new insights into the neural circuits underlying cognition" 2014 Edvard and May-Britt Moser - "In recognition of their discovery of grid cells in entorhinal cortex, and their pioneering physiological studies of hippocampus, which have transformed understanding of the neural computations underlying spatial memory" 2013 J. Anthony Movshon - "In recognition of his studies of how neurons in the cerebral cortex process visual information and how cortical information processing enables seeing" 2012 Eve Marder - "In recognition of her comprehensive work with a small nervous system, demonstrating general principles by which neuromodulatory substances reconfigure the operation of neuronal networks" 2011 Joseph E. LeDoux - "In recognition of his seminal studies of the neural mechanisms of emotional learning, particularly fear learning and fear memory" 2010 William T. Newsome - "In recognition of his pioneering studies of the primate visual system demonstrating the relation between perception and the activity of individual neurons" 2009 James L. McGaugh - "In recognition of his comprehensive study of the biological processes that modulate the formation and consolidation of memory" 2008 Eric Knudsen - "In