readily practice the Classical-era rhetorical device of parrhesia: "to speak candidly, and to ask forgiveness for so speaking"; and, by extension, practice the moral obligation to speak the truth, even at personal risk. This ancient, Socratic moral philosophic perspective contradicts the contemporary understanding of truth and knowledge as rational undertakings. See also Moral rationalism References Further reading Virtue Is Knowledge: The Moral Foundations of Socratic Political Philosophy, Lorraine Smith Pangle, University Of Chicago Press, 2014 External links Socrates' moral intellectualism The Ethics of Socrates Two Interpretations of Socratic Intellectualism A priori Virtue ethics Meta-ethics Rationalism Socrates Stoicism