unskillful mental qualities he has yet to abandon. "Just as when a person whose turban or head was on fire would put forth extra desire, effort, diligence, endeavor, undivided mindfulness, & alertness to put out the fire on his turban or head, in the same way the monk should put forth extra desire, effort, diligence, endeavor, undivided mindfulness, & alertness for the abandoning of those very same evil, unskillful qualities." In Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga According to Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga, there are eight ways of meditating on death:meditating on death as a murderer, since it takes away life; meditating on it as the ruin of success; viewing it by comparison with famous persons reflecting that even these great ones eventually died, even the enlightened ones themselves; meditating on the body as the abode of many-many worms as well as the target of many others; meditating on the difficulty of keeping alive; meditating on it as without occasion, since beings die unpredictably; meditating on the shortness of a lifetime; meditating on the fact that, properly speaking, the lifetime of a being is a single moment of consciousness, that one dies every moment, so to speak. Tibetan Buddhism Mindfulness of death is a central teaching of Tibetan Buddhism: it is one of the "Four Thoughts," which turn the mind towards spiritual practice. One set of Tibetan Buddhist contemplations on death come from the eleventh century Buddhist scholar Atisha. Atisha is said to have said to his students that if a person is unaware of death, their meditation will have little power. Atisha's contemplations on death: Death is inevitable. Our life span is decreasing continuously. Death will come, whether or not we are prepared for it. Human life expectancy is uncertain. There are many causes of death. The human body is fragile and vulnerable. At the time of death, our material resources are not of use to us. Our loved ones cannot keep us from death. Our own body cannot help us at the time of our death. Other Tibetan Buddhist practices deal directly with the moment of death, preparing the meditator for entering and navigating the Bardo, the intermediate stage between life and death. This is the theme of the popular Great Liberation through hearing during the intermediate state (Tibetan Book of the Dead). See also Memento mori Right Effort Viriya References Mindfulness (Buddhism)