the melodies likewise have parallels. By the early 20th century, Stephen Calt writes, "Roll, Jordan, Roll" had influenced the creation of a new genre, blues, though likely through an undocumented secular version of the song. He finds compositional similarities in "Roll, Jordan, Roll" and all blues songs. Early blues songs, such as "Bad-luck Blues" (1927) and "Cool Drink of Water" (1928), used a similar structure to that of "Roll, Jordan, Roll". "Roll, Jordan, Roll", meanwhile, became a standard of the Fisk Jubilee Singers and has remained a staple of gospel music. Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album 101 Gang Songs (1961). In 1962 Eugene D. Genovese began writing his book Roll, Jordan, Roll. He took a different stand between ideology and idealism, the most studies of slavery theme, and postulated which master and slave must be studied together. His work is a critique to the ideology, and the best way to understand the American slavery is to understand his structure. He adapted the Gramsci's notion of hegemony to reinterpret the slave relationship, and he focused on slave culture, ignoring the economic determinism. The song was adapted, together with several other Black spirituals, by Nicholas Britell for the 2013 film 12 Years a Slave, Steve McQueen's adaptation of the memoir by Solomon Northup. Britell, in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, stated that he felt compelled to rearrange the song because "it was very important to create a world that was very unique", and the original lyrics were already well known. Powers found that the film's use of "Roll, Jordan, Roll" served as a counterpoint to "Run, Nigger, Run", a song of warning appropriated by the White overseer John Tibeats (portrayed by Paul Dano): where "Run, Nigger, Run" is used as a "taunt" to break the slaves' spirits, "Roll, Jordan, Roll" serves to reaffirm the character Northup's desire to not just survive, but live. Composition, contents, and performance "Roll, Jordan, Roll" is constructed as four-bar phrases, with a ten-beat line followed by a six-beat refrain. The first two phrases close with a keynote, and the lyrics are presented with an AABB rhyme scheme. This construction, according to Calt, was reflected in the construction of blues songs in the early 20th century. The Jordan of the song's lyrics is a reference to the River Jordan, which in Biblical tradition the Israelites crossed to enter the Promised Land.