the MEXT curriculum for many of these permanent residents is unnecessary and out of touch. The oldest U.S. Japanese weekend school with Japanese government sponsorship is the , founded in 1958 and serving the Washington, DC metropolitan area. United Kingdom The MEXT has eight Saturday Japanese supplementary schools in operation in the UK. As of 2013, 2,392 Japanese children in Canterbury, Cardiff, Derby, Edinburgh (school is in Livingston), Leeds, London, Manchester (school is in Lymm), Sunderland (school is in Oxclose), and Telford attend these schools. - Morley, Erewash, Derbyshire Japanese Saturday School in London - Cardiff - Located in Canterbury - Its time of establishment is August 2005 - Lymm, Warrington, Cheshire — Leeds - Livingston (near Edinburgh), established in 1982 - Stirchley, Telford - Oxclose, Tyne and Wear (near Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Demographics In 2003, 51.7% of pupils of Japanese nationality in North America attended both hoshūkō and local North American day schools. As of 2013, in Asia 3.4% of children of Japanese nationality and speaking Japanese as a first language attend Japanese weekend schools in addition to their local schools. In North America that year, 45% of children of Japanese nationality and speaking Japanese as a first language attend Japanese weekend schools in addition to their local schools. List of schools See: List of hoshū jugyō kō References Doerr, Musha Neriko (Brookdale Community College) and Kiri Lee (Lehigh University). "Contesting heritage: language, legitimacy, and schooling at a weekend Japanese-language school in the United States" (Archive). Language and Education. Vol. 23, No. 5, September 2009, 425–441. Note: p. 426 states that the "all the names in this article are aliases": It is a common practice in ethnography to use aliases for actual names in order to protect privacy of the students, parents, teachers, as well as the school. Kano, Naomi. "Japanese Community Schools: New Pedagogy for a Changing Population" (Chapter 6). In: García, Ofelia, Zeena Zakharia, and Bahar Otcu (editors). Bilingual Community Education and Multilingualism: Beyond Heritage Languages in a Global City (Volume 89 of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism). Multilingual Matters, 2012. , 9781847698001. START: p. 99. Mori, Yoshiko (森 美子 Mori Yoshiko; Georgetown University) and Toshiko M. Calder (カルダー淑子 Karudā Toshiko; Princeton Community Japanese Language School). "Bilingual Vocabulary Knowledge and Arrival Age Among Japanese Heritage Language Students at Hoshuukoo." Foreign Language Annals. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Volume 46, Issue 2, pages 290–310, June 2013. First published