of the scrubbing technology. Furthermore, this advantage can be compounded by introducing technology such as cryogenic O2 separation systems. This ups the efficiency of the calcium looping technology by increasing the energy density by 57.4%, making the already low energy penalties even less of an issue. Calcium looping already has an energy advantage over amine scrubbing, but the main problem is that amine scrubbing is the more market-ready technology. However, the accompanying infrastructure for amine scrubbing include large solvent scrubbing towers, the likes of which have never been used on an industrial scale. The accompanying infrastructure for calcium looping capture technologies are circulating fluidized beds, which have already been implemented on an industrial scale. Although the individual technologies differ in terms of current technological viability, the fact that the infrastructure needed to properly implement an amine scrubbing system has yet to be developed keeps calcium looping competitive from a viability standpoint. Sample evaluation Assumptions For a Ca-looping cycle installed on a 500 MW power plant, the purge rate is 12.6 kg CaO/s. For the cement production process, 0.65 kg CaO is required/ kg cement produced. U.S. electric generation capacity (only fossil fuels): Natural gas = 415 GW, Coal= 318 GW & Petroleum = 51 GW Cement consumption in U.S. = 110,470 × 103 metric tons = 1.10470 × 108 metric tons = 1.10470 × 1011 kg. Calculations For a single Ca-looping cycle installed on a 500MW power plant: Amount of CaO from purge annually = 12.6 kg CaO/s × 365 days/year × 24 hr/day × 3600s / hour = 3.97 × 108 kg CaO/ year Cement that can be obtained from purge annually= 3.97 × 108 kg CaO/ year × 1 kg cement/ 0.65 kg CaO = 6.11 × 108 kg cement/year Net electricity generation in US: (415 + 318 + 51) GW = 784 GW = 7.84 × 1011 W Number of 500 MW power plants: 7.84 × 1011 W / 5.00 × 108 W = 1568 power plants Amount of cement that can be produced from Ca-looping waste: 1568 × 6.11 × 108 kg cement/ year = 9.58 × 1011 kg cement/year Production from Ca-looping waste as percent of total annual cement consumption = [(9.58 × 1011 kg)/ (1.10470 × 1011 kg)] × 100 = 870% Therefore, amount of cement production from Ca-looping waste of all fossil fuel based electric power plants in US will be far greater