from other websites (e.g. 4chan, Newgrounds, Reddit, SomethingAwful, FunnyJunk, YTMND, Instagram, etc.), replacing the source site's watermark with their own. In 2011, 9GAG and 4chan disputed authorship of internet memes published on both websites, whereby each company claimed the memes originated from their own website. Ray Chan argued that "9GAG does not create memes or rage comics, but helps spread them." In a 2015 Slate article, writer Amanda Hess described 9GAG's reposting of content from Instagram as part of an "online ecosystem of joke stealing". In his 2014 article "Building Identity and Building Bridges Between Cultures: The Case of 9gag", linguist Albin Wagener examined 446 posts found on 9GAG's main page; of these, 40 (8.97%) were clearly discriminatory. Most of the discriminatory posts were misogynist (57.5%), followed by cultural discrimination (25%) and homophobia (12.5%). According to Wagener, 9GAG brings people together in an international context, but through masculine and heterosexual symbolism and the devaluation of other groups. See also 1CAK Explanatory notes References External links Android (operating system) software Chinese entertainment websites Internet properties established in 2008 Mass media companies of Hong Kong Y Combinator companies