D.C. January 24, 1933 (Tuesday) The Central Committee of the CPSU began a purge of the Ukrainian Communist Party by Russia—the first secretaries in three of the seven oblasts were replaced by the Soviet party, with the main change being to replace Roman Terekhov as the Kharkov party boss by Pavel Postyshev. Throughout the year, 5,000 Ukrainian Party workers were replaced by outsiders. In parliamentary elections in the Irish Free State, Éamon de Valera's Fianna Fáil party won 77 of the 153 total seats in the Dáil Éireann, with the remainder going to Cumann na nGaedheal (48), the National Centre Party (11), independent candidates (9), and Labour (8). "With a fuller parliamentary majority" an author later wrote, "de Valera was able to abolish the Oath of Allegiance (1933), the Senate (June 1936), university representation in the Dáil (1934-36), all references to the monarch in the Constitution (December 1936, in the aftermath of the abdication of Edward VIII), and the Governor General (1937). A new Constitution was then put to referendum." January 25, 1933 (Wednesday) Barrandov Studios, which would become the major film studio for Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic, was formed in Prague. Born: Corazon Aquino (name at birth Maria Corazon Cojuangco), 11th President of the Philippines (1986–1992), in Paniqui, Tarlac (d. 2009). Died: Lewis J. Selznick, 62, Russian-born American film producer Alva Belmont, 80, American suffragist and philanthropist. January 26, 1933 (Thursday) The League of Nations Council cabled an order to the government of Peru to refrain from a planned invasion of Colombia in a dispute over the municipality of Leticia, citing Peru's duty as a League member. January 27, 1933 (Friday) After a walkout of 6,000 Briggs Manufacturing Company workers, who manufactured automobile bodies, the Ford Motor Company closed its American factories indefinitely, putting 100,000 people out of work, as well as 50,000 in supplying factories. January 28, 1933 (Saturday) Choudhary Rahmat Ali published the pamphlet "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish For Ever?", proposing to separate the 30,000,000 Muslim residents of British India from the Hindu and coined the name for the future nation—Pakistan—albeit as "Pakstan" from "the five Northern units of India" (Punjab, Afghan Province, Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan)". "Pak" and "stan" were also the Persian language words for "pure" and "land". Kurt von Schleicher resigned as Chancellor of Germany, after President Hindenburg refused to grant him dictatorial powers to manage the