Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls is a 1994 book written by Mary Pipher. This book takes a look at the effects of societal pressures on American adolescent girls, and utilizes many case studies from the author's experience as a therapist. The book has been described as a "call to arms" and highlights the increased levels of sexism and violence that affect young females. Pipher asserts that whilst the feminist movement has aided adult women to become empowered, teenagers have been neglected and require intensive support due to their undeveloped maturity. A television film of the same name, featuring Nick Thurston and Rebecca Williams, aired on the Lifetime network. Reviving Ophelia 25th Anniversary Edition: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls is a revised and updated book co-written with Dr. Pipher's daughter Sara Gilliam. Summary and case studies Reviving Ophelia is divided into sections by theme. Introduction This section introduces Pipher's theory that a great, and often negative, change influences girls during adolescence. Cayenne (15): The case study summarizes Cayenne's transition from an athletic, confident child into a self-conscious adolescent who, at fifteen years of age, contracted herpes. Charlotte (15): The daughter of divorced parents, Charlotte is in a relationship with a twenty-two-year-old boyfriend and has participated in underage drinking. Lori (12): From a family considered stable, Lori is presented as a well-adjusted girl, in contrast to other case studies contained in the book. Families This section analyzes the role of families in the development of adolescent girls. Francesca (14): A Lakota girl adopted by Caucasian parents and searching for a cultural identity. Lucy (15): In order to recover from leukemia, Lucy has deferred to her doctors' and parents' decisions. Following recovery, Lucy sought to rediscover her personal identity. Leah (18) and Jody (16): Two girls from a disciplinarian home, whom Pipher considers successful but lacking in individuality. Abby and Elizabeth: Two sisters raised in a more liberal household who seem to struggle through adolescence. Abby graduated from high school with difficulty and Elizabeth was pregnant during her junior year of high school. Rosemary (14): Raised in a liberal household that encouraged individuality, Rosemary became rebellious and self-conscious during adolescence. Pipher claims that women who rejected conformity during adolescence are the ones who end up finding a protected space in adulthood. Through it they could "develop their uniqueness" (266). Mothers This section focuses specifically on mother-daughter relationships during adolescence.