responsibilities included negotiating prices, and arranging and preparing cargo for shipment. While in Bali, he became well acquainted with the natives and their habits and religions, later extensively documenting them in his book Pioneering in the Far East. Along with Lange, Helms also met and occasionally interacted with the reigning rajahs of Bali, particularly Rajah Kassiman (Kesiman) of Badung. While in Bali he also witnessed a Suttee, a Hindu practice in which a widow sacrifices herself into her deceased husband's funeral pyre. He vividly described the event in his book Pioneering in the Far East, including a sketch. He also collected paintings and carvings, along with Mads Lange. Later in life Helms and his family donated several pieces of artwork, including some carved statues, a case of cockspurs, and a painting, to the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. Helms stayed in Bali with Lange until the conflicts with the Dutch and Balinese in the 1848 and 1849 Dutch Interventions caused trade to dwindle. He played a role as courier and escort for Lange's mediations between the Dutch and Balinese in June, 1849, which resulted in peaceful settlement. Lange's Kuta business gradually declined due to Dutch blockades during the interventions, epidemics, warring between the Balinese rajahs, as well as the growing use of steamships which shifted trade to competing ports in northern Bali. Lange's business never recovered, and on June 21, 1849, Helms left to find other employment in Singapore. Helms returned to Bali only once in September 1858, when he stopped en route to Europe from Sarawak to visit Lange. He was saddened to find Lange had died a few years earlier. Sarawak (1852-1872) In 1852 Helms took up residence in Sarawak and commenced trading mainly in sago and antimony. Helms would spend the next 20 years there, then under the rule of Rajah James Brooke and his successor, Rajah Charles Brooke. While in Sarawak Helms would act as the Sarawak manager for the Borneo Company, Limited (BCL), witness pirate battles and insurrections, prospect for minerals, and raise six children before a dispute with the BCL would end his Sarawak employment. Formation of The Borneo Company, Limited Helms arrived in Kuching, Sarawak on the Steamship Pluto on January 16, 1852, as an agent of a commercial firm to purchase antimony ore. Rajah James Brooke was absent at the time and he called upon Captain John Brooke Johnson Brooke, the