relation to ordinary members of the working class. Hans Magnus Enzensberger had previously written of the "characterless opportunism" of its members, in reference to its constant shifting of allegiances, not only between the leisured and working classes but also among themselves. Liu and Nolan Higdon have noted that higher education is a space that fosters and privileges the professional managerial class. See also Creative class Labor aristocracy Lumpenbourgeoisie New class Petite bourgeoisie Thought leader References External links Professional–Managerial Chasm at n+1 magazine On the Origins of the Professional–Managerial Class: An Interview with Barbara Ehrenreich at at Dissent Magazine Radical America #11.02 featuring The professional–managerial class by Barbara and John Ehrenreich Working-class culture Social concepts Professionalism 1977 neologisms