meeting was moved to the Seychelles, making it the first to be held outside southern Africa, even though it did not take place on the African continent. Subsequent congresses have been held throughout Africa. In 1988 PAOC became a permanent institution with the adoption of a constitution at PAOC 7 in Nairobi. The first francophone venue was Bujumbura, Burundi, in 1992, and the first North African venue the island of Djerba, Tunisia, in 2004. Subjects covered by the published proceedings show that, from the first to the eleventh congresses the number of papers on bird conservation topics increased considerably. List of congresses 1957 – Livingstone, Northern Rhodesia 1964 – Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 1969 – Kruger National Park, South Africa 1976 – Mahé, Seychelles 1980 – Lilongwe, Malawi 1985 – Francistown, Botswana 1988 – Nairobi, Kenya 1992 – Bujumbura, Burundi 1996 – Accra, Ghana 2000 – Kampala, Uganda 2004 – Djerba, Tunisia 2008 – Rawsonville, South Africa 2012 – Arusha, Tanzania 2016 – Dakar, Senegal 2021 – Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe Congress Proceedings Rowan MK (ed) 1959. Proceedings of the First Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Livingstone, Southern Rhodesia, 15–19 July 1957. Ostrich Supplement 3. Broekhuysen GJ (ed) 1966. Proceedings of the Second Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Pietermaritzburg, Natal, 21–25 September 1964. Ostrich Supplement 6. Maclean GL (ed) 1971. Proceedings of the Third Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Pretoriuskop, Kruger National Park, 15–19 September 1969. Ostrich Supplement 8. Johnson DN (ed) 1980. Proceedings of the Fourth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Mahé, Seychelles, 6–13 November 1976. Southern African Ornithological Society, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ledger JA (ed) 1984. Proceedings of the Fifth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Lilongwe, Malawi, 1980. Southern African Ornithological Society, Johannesburg, South Africa. Backhurst GC (ed) 1988. Proceedings of the Sixth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Francistown (Botswana) 1985. Sixth PAOC Committee, Nairobi, Kenya. Bennun L (ed) 1992. Proceedings of the Seventh Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Nairobi (Kenya) 1988. Seventh PAOC Committee, Nairobi, Kenya. Wilson RT (ed) 1993. Proceedings of the Eighth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Bujumbura, Burundi, 30 September–5 October 1992. Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika Tervuren, Belgium, Annalen (Zoologische Wetenschappen) 268. Craig AJFK and Gordon C (eds) 2000. Proceedings of the Ninth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Accra, Ghana, 1–7 December 1996. Ostrich 71(1–2). Lens L (ed) 2001. Proceedings of the Tenth Pan-African Ornithological Congress, Kampala, Uganda, 3–8 September 2000. Ostrich Supplement 15. Craig AJFK (ed) 2007. Proceedings of the 11th Pan-African Ornithological Congress, 2004. Ostrich 28(2): 115–553. Harebottle DM, Craig AJFK, Anderson