"Cod'ine" (also spelled "Codine" or "Codeine") is a contemporary folk song by singer-songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie. Considered one of the earliest anti-drug songs, Sainte-Marie wrote the piece after becoming addicted to codeine which she had been given for a bronchial infection. She recorded it for her debut album, It's My Way! (1964). "Cod'ine" is a solo performance by Sainte-Marie, with her vocal accompanied by a twelve-string acoustic guitar. The lyrics are a personalized portrayal of addiction; the spelling reflects her pronunciation of the word, which rhymes with "rise" and "time" in the song's verses. As one of her best-known songs, it is included on several compilations. Her performance at the Newport Folk Festival was filmed and appears on Murray Lerner's documentary Festival (1967). A variety of artists have recorded "Cod'ine" (usually as "Codine"), making it one of Sainte-Marie's most often covered songs. Background and composition In the early 1960s, after Sainte-Marie contracted a bronchial infection, a doctor treated her with a regimen of codeine, an opiate painkiller and cough suppressant. She thought the injections and prescriptions were antibiotics and vitamins, but after a few weeks, she began to show signs of withdrawal between doses. Sainte-Marie contends that the original doctor did not advise her about the drug and believes that he intended to get her and other girls dependent so he could exploit them. She overcame her addiction, but it affected her deeply: her pain was compounded by a sense of betrayal and personal violation. As a way to deal with her experience and caution others, Sainte-Marie wrote "Cod'ine". In her biography, Andrea Warner elaborated: "'Cod'ine' was written in despair but also in anger... It was worldweary and from the bone, leaden with exhaustion and frustration and... trauma, oppression, and violation". AllMusic critic Matthew Greenwald describes her lyrics as "accurately reflecting the horror of opiate addiction, the stark, barren imagery of the lyrics are positively frightening": Sainte-Marie's vocal delivery reflects "the wildness of her vulnerability and her broken howls are chilling... the aftershocks of her vibrato almost swallowing words whole as she bellows, 'An' it's real, one more time'", as described by Warner. Sainte-Marie is a self-taught guitarist and often used her own alternative tunings. This allowed her to explore different chord voicings and, by using a twelve-string acoustic guitar, to add a droning quality. She recorded the song at a studio in the Manhattan Towers hotel in New York City