Experimental political science is the use of experiments, which may be natural or controlled, to implement the scientific method in political science. History development and usage In the 1909 American Political Science Association presidential address, A. Lawrence Lowell claimed: “We are limited by the impossibility of experiment. Politics is an observational, not an experimental science….” He argued that political science, as an emerging discipline, did not need to follow the experimental-led approach of the natural sciences. In the 1900s, observational research was the only way of doing research in political science. The first experiment in political science is regarded to be Harold Gosnell's 1924 study on voter turnout in Chicago. In this experiment, he randomly assigned districts to receive information on voter registration and encouragement to vote. In the 1950s, the behaviorist revolution was in full swing, and the development of experimental politics ushered in the first watershed. The first experiment published in the American Political Science Review was in 1956, 50 years after the publication's inception. The American Political Science Review covered all fields of political science and was found by the Cambridge University Press in 1906. Another mainstream political science journal, the Journal of Conflict Resolution, also began publishing articles on experimental research during this period. In the 1970s, with the rise of political psychology, the rejection of experimental politics softened. In the 1980s, computer-assisted telephone interviewing began to appear and was used for the collection of experimental data—the advances in the technology led to the initial rise of experiments. The period before 2000 was classified as the prelude to the experimental era. This is the long incubation stage of experimental politics. During this period, experimentation was not the main academic activity of political science. Many great discoveries come from the integration of scholars with using multiple methods. From 2001 to 2009, this period was the first generation when experiments were widely used. Experimentation was becoming part of the political scientist's toolkit during this period due to the development of information technology. From 2010 till now, we are in the new era of experimental political science 2.0. Due to the development of the internet, the emergence of commercial internet survey panels and crowdsourcing platforms make data much cheaper and easier to obtain than ever before. Abundant and accessible information is the basis for the wider implementation of experiments in political science. In 2010, the Experimental Research section of