external effective dose with internal committed dose; in other words all sources of dose. In the US, cumulative equivalent dose due to external whole-body exposure is normally reported to nuclear energy workers in regular dosimetry reports. deep-dose equivalent, (DDE) which is properly a whole-body equivalent dose shallow dose equivalent, (SDE) which is actually the effective dose to the skin History The concept of effective dose was introduced in 1975 by Wolfgang Jacobi (1928–2015) in his publication "The concept of an effective dose: a proposal for the combination of organ doses". It was quickly included in 1977 as “effective dose equivalent” into Publication 26 by the ICRP. In 1991, ICRP publication 60 shortened the name to "effective dose." This quantity is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "dose equivalent" because of the earlier name, and that misnomer in turn causes confusion with equivalent dose. The tissue weighting factors were revised in 1990 and 2007 due to new data. Future use of Effective Dose At the ICRP 3rd International Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection in October 2015, ICRP Task Group 79 reported on the "Use of Effective Dose as a Risk-related Radiological Protection Quantity". This included a proposal to discontinue use of equivalent dose as a separate protection quantity. This would avoid confusion between equivalent dose, effective dose and dose equivalent, and to use absorbed dose in Gy as a more appropriate quantity for limiting deterministic effects to the eye lens, skin, hands & feet. It was also proposed that effective dose could be used as a rough indicator of possible risk from medical examinations. These proposals will need to go through the following stages: Discussion within ICRP Committees Revision of report by Task Group Reconsideration by Committees and Main Commission Public Consultation See also Radioactivity Collective dose Total effective dose equivalent Deep-dose equivalent Cumulative dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent References External links an account of chronological differences between USA and ICRP dosimetry systems Radiology Medical physics Medical imaging Physical quantities Radiobiology Radiation health effects Radiation protection pt:Dose efetiva