by institutions, not requiring them to work and support themselves. The Jewish agency was responsible to the internal management of the camps. The situation changed with the conversion of immigrant camps into transition camps by the early 1950s, when many of the transition camp dwellers turned to work. One source states that as many as 60% of children in transit camps did not attend school in the 1950s. See also Operation Ezra and Nehemiah References Populated places established in 1947 Populated places established in 1948 1950 disestablishments Aliyah Refugee camps in Israel Jewish Iraqi history 1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine