to denounce Japan in front of the Arab and the Islamic words. Ma Fuliang was part of the Chinese Muslim Association. Anti-Japanese sentiment was spread by the Hui Muslim delegation under Wang Zengshan in Turkey through the Turkish media, as the Hui Muslims denounced the Japanese invaders. During a meeting of ambassadors in Turkey, the Japanese ambassador was forced to be silent after being told to stay quiet by the Soviet ambassador when the Japanese tried to insinuate that the Hui representatives did not represent ordinary Muslims. Jihad against Japan In Shanghai, the Islamic School's directors were hostile to the incitement of subversion, which was motivated by a desire to instigate trouble between Muslims and the government-supported Japanese agent. The Guangxi Clique included Bai Chongxi, who founded a pan-Muslim organization. Japan's attempt to get the Muslim Hui people on its side failed, because many generals such as Bai Chongxi, Ma Hongbin, Ma Hongkui, and Ma Bufang were Hui and fought against the Imperial Japanese Army. The Japanese attempted to approach Ma Bufang but could not make any agreement with him. He ended up supporting the anti-Japanese Imam Hu Songshan, who prayed for the destruction of the Japanese. Ma became chairman (governor) of Qinghai in 1938 and commanded a group army. He had been appointed because of his anti-Japanese inclinations and was such an obstruction to Japanese agents who were trying to contact the Tibetans that he was called an "adversary" by a Japanese agent. Assaults were launched against the Japanese in Anhui, Shanxi, and Henan by a Zhengzhou-based Muslim youth corps. The anti-Japanese Kuomintang maintained the allegiance of the Ma Clique. The Hui Yang Jingyu was killed in action while he was fighting the Japanese. Ma Biao, a Muslim general who led Muslim cavalry to fight against the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, had fought during the Boxer Rebellion under General Ma Haiyan as a private at the Battle of Peking against the Eight-Nation Alliance, which included the Japanese. "恨不得馬踏倭鬼，給我已死先烈雪仇，與後輩爭光"。"I am eager to stomp on the dwarf devils (a derogatory term for Japanese), I will give vengeance for the already-dead martyrs, achieving glory with the younger generation," said by Ma Biao with reference to his service in the Boxer Rebellion during which he had fought the Japanese before the Second World War. In 1937, when the Japanese attack at the Battle of Beiping–Tianjin began, the Chinese government was notified