Joseph Ennemoser (15 November 1787 – 19 September 1854) was a South Tyrolean physician and stubborn late proponent of Franz Mesmer's theories of animal magnetism. He became known to English readers through Mary Howitt's translation of his History of Magic (1819, 1844, tr. 1854). Biography Ennemoser, the child of poor parents, was born in Egghof bei Rabenstein (today Moos in Passeier, South Tyrol, Italy) and raised by his grandfather. He attended high school in Merano and Trento, and from 1806 studied medicine in Innsbruck. On the outbreak of war in 1809 he became a secretary to Andreas Hofer, and later continued his studies in Erlangen and Vienna. In 1812 he moved to Berlin, where he met Christian Friedrich von Petersdorff and Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow. In the summer of 1812, he went to London together with several Tyroleans to appeal for support in the fight against Napoleon. From 1813 he was in the Lützow Free Corps as an active leader of a group of Tyrolean marksmen which gained fame at Lauenburg and Jülich. In September 1813 he was promoted to second lieutenant. After the First Treaty of Paris in 1814, he completed his studies in Berlin and became a supporter of Franz Anton Mesmer and his theory of animal magnetism. In 1819, he became a professor of medicine in Bonn, leaving in 1837 for Innsbruck and then, in 1841, settling in Munich, where he earned a great reputation as a "magnetic physician." He died in Egern (now Rottach-Egern) by Lake Tegernsee in southern Germany. A Viennese street, the Ennemosergasse, was named after him in 1955. Selected works De Montium Influxu in Valetudinem Hominum, Vitae Genus et Morbos. Dissertatio Inauguralis Medica (Vom Einfluss der Berge auf die Gesundheit der Menschen, auf ihre Lebensweise und ihre Krankheiten). Berlin 1816. Der Magnetismus nach der allseitigen Beziehung seines Wesens, seiner Erscheinungen, Anwendung und Enträthselung in einer geschichtlichen Entwickelung von allen Zeiten und bei allen Völkern. Leipzig 1819. Ueber die nähere Wechselwirkung des Leibes und der Seele, mit anthropologischen Untersuchungen über den Mörder Adolph Moll. Habicht, Bonn 1825. Der Magnetismus in seiner geschichtlichen Entwickelung (Leipzig 1819), from the 2nd edition with the title Geschichte des thierischen Magnetismus. Bd.: 1 Geschichte der Magie. Leipzig 1844. Facsimile edition, Sändig, Wiesbaden 1966. Historisch-psychologische Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und das Wesen der menschlichen Seele überhaupt, und über die Beseelung des Kindes insbesondere. Bonn 1824, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 1851.