Admiral Sergey Gorshkov to patrol a combat zone west of New Guinea and sink any shipping after midnight on 5 August. Naval officer and Historian Matthijs Ooms has shown in his masterpaper that the Dutch naval intelligence service, MARID (Marine Inlichtingendienst), received information in the summer of 1962 that Soviet crews were manning Indonesian submarines and Tupolev bombers. In his memoirs, Nikita Khrushchev freely admitted that during the West New Guinea crisis Soviet personnel had been commanding Indonesian submarines and piloting Tu-16s. Diplomacy Indonesia approached countries like India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, United Kingdom, West-Germany, and France to ensure that those countries would not support the Netherlands in a potential Dutch-Indonesian conflict. In the United Nations General Assembly in 1961, the UN Secretary General U Thant asked Ellsworth Bunker, an American diplomat, to submit proposals on solving the problem of the status of West Irian. Bunker proposed that the Netherlands submit West Irian to Indonesia through the United Nations within a period of 2 years. Economy On 27 December 1958, President Sukarno issued Law No. 86 of 1958 concerning the nationalization of all Dutch companies in Indonesia. Nationalized companies included: Plantation companies Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij Electricity companies Petroleum companies Hospital (CBZ) becomes RSCM While other policies were implemented, including: Moving the Indonesian tobacco auction market to Bremen, West Germany Dutch workers strike in Indonesia Prohibiting KLM (a Dutch airline) from entering Indonesian airspace Prohibiting the screening of Dutch films General Strategy In accordance with the development of the Trikora situation, instructions were given by the Commander in Chief of the Highest Commodity of Liberation of West Irian No. 1 to Major General Suharto, Commanding General of the Mandala Command, which were the following: Plan, prepare and conduct military operations with the aim of unification of West Papua as part of the territory of Indonesia. Developing the situation in West Papua in accordance with the struggle in the field of diplomacy and in the shortest possible time in this region creating de facto regions of Indonesian control. Strategies developed by the CGMC to carry out these instructions included the following: Infiltration (until the end 1962), namely by deploying infantry units around certain targets to create a strong de facto free area that is resistant to destruction by the enemy and to develop territorial control by unifying the local populace. Exploitation (early 1963), namely carrying out an open attack on enemy forces