has almost completely fallen out of use in modern South Korea, and the generation of Koreans who came of age after democratization also conspicuously avoid using it. It is used: Occasionally among the older generation, by civil servants, police officers, middle management, middle-aged people, and other people of intermediate social rank who have temporary authority over what would normally be considered their superiors Used in written language such as signs and public notices, in which case the imperative form is used. In historical dramas, where it gives the dialogue a more old-fashioned sound. In the spoken form of certain dialects, such as the Hamgyŏng dialect. Hage-che Neither formal nor casual, neither polite nor impolite This conversational style is called the "familiar." It is intermediate in politeness between haeyo-che and hae-che. It is not used to address children, and is never used to address blood relatives. It is used only: By some older people when addressing younger people or especially in-laws in a friendly manner. Used for those under one's authority: by professors toward their students, by bosses toward their employees etc. Between adult male friends, occasionally. In novels Lower levels The hae-che and haera-che styles are frequently mixed together in the same conversation, so much so that it can be hard to tell what verb endings belong to which style. Endings that may be used in either style are: Question: -니?/-냐?/-느냐? Proposition: -자. (this is roughly equivalent to "let's" in English) Casual statement: -지. (this is roughly equivalent to "I suppose") Casual question: -지?. (this is roughly equivalent to "I wonder if" in English) Exclamation: -구나! -다! Haera-che Formally impolite This conversational style is generally called the "plain" style. In writing and quoting, the plain style is the equivalent of the third person. Any other written style would feel like a first-person account (that is, anything else would seem to be told in the main character's own voice). It is used: To close friends or relatives of similar age, and by adults to children. In impersonal writing (books, newspapers, and magazines) and indirect quotations ("She said that..."). In grammar books, to give examples. In some exclamations. Hae-che Casually impolite This conversational style is called the "intimate" in English. Like the 해요체 Haeyo-che, it exhibits no inflection for most expected forms. Basic conjugations for the declarative, interrogative and imperative forms are identical, depending on intonation and context or other additional suffixes.